Shabbath
The Shabbath chapter of Mishnah & Talmud specifies countless things you may do or not do on Sabbath, since work is forbidden on that day. But šbt “Sabbath” puns with ṣbˀwt “war”, and secretly the very long chapter is really about how to manufacture a war: How to hoax up fake reasons for war, how to stir up the masses for violence, and how palace-bred aristocratic cowards can mingle with the cannonfodder troops without giving away that they’re just pathetic fraudsters.
Introduction
In Hebrew, šbˁt “seven” puns with šbt “rest”. That’s why God rests from work on the seventh day, named šbt Sabbath for the “rest”, which has been made a custom for everyone. I am personally very grateful for this tradition.
But as usual, the Talmud exaggerates this useful law into the weird & ridiculous. The tractate Shabbath lists countless small household actions which are forbidden as “work”, like heating water or lighting lamps. Plus even more particularizations & exemptions. Like, you cannot light candles on Sabbath with “cedar-bast” or “desert-grass”, but only with the “wings of a dove”. Strangeness abounds.
And as usual, the reason is secret pun-encryption: šbt for “rest” puns with ṣbˀwt for “war”. The Shabbath chapter is really about waging a fake war, and profiteering from it. Seeing how there’s no advice on real external threats, I’d say most wars in history were fakes. The Shabbath chapter explains how the ruling scum can set up such a scam:
- Inside and outside actions must be combined, then rulers can take & impose taxes at whim, while appearing guiltless.
- Wars cannot be kindled with mere words, only with an attack or a convincing hoax thereof.
- Wars are dangerous even for rulers, so they should naver mingle with battle-hardened stirred-up troops, but instead surround themselves with squads of sycophants & gay playmates.
- Killing commoners is deemed okay, and rulers also shouldn’t protects idiots of any kind. If some moronic spookling gets himself killed, then so be it.
This is all encrypted through tedious laws saying what work one mustn’t do on Sabbath, or mustn’t start right before Sabbath. Very frequently, the “kindling” of fires on Sabbath is used to encrypt the “kindling” of a war. Greek loanwords are also used. These are the most important puns:
- The initial law says that “inside & outside” actions must be combined to yṣˀ šbt “bring out things on Sabbath”, between a bˁl byt “house owner” and a ˁny “poor” person.
- The secret law says that “inside & outside” actions must be combined to yṣˀ šbt “bring out a war”, between the bˁl byt “ruler of a land” and a superficially ˁwny “guilty” party. 🡻
- Officially, a ˀdm “man” mustn’t kns “enter” various places on Sabbath. One must “stop” to qry qryˀ šmˁ “recite a Shema verse”, but not for the tplh “Tefillah” prayer.
- Secretly, the dmˀ “disguise” of war mustn’t skn “endanger” aristocrats. But if started, one must only “stop” to qry qryˀ šˁmwm “cover up accidents of idiots”, and doesn’t need to stop for the tplh “fools” themselves. 🡻
- Officially, nšym “women” can die during yldtˀ “childbirth”, when they’re not “cautious” during ndh “menstruation”.
- Secretly, nšˀym “rulers” can die even during ˁldytˀ “hoaxed” wars, when they’re not “cautious” while nwd “wandering about”. 🡻
- Officially, one mustn’t “kindle” a fire on Sabbath with lkš “cedar-bast”, or a ptyl mdbr “thread of desert grass”.
- Secretly, one can’t “kindle” a war just with lksy “words”, or a ptl mdbr “perversion of speech”. 🡻
- Officially, one can “kindle” a fire with the knp ywnh “wings of a dove”, and with the nsr ḥrš “sawdust of a carpenter”.
- Secretly, one can “kindle” a war with the knp ˀwnˀh “cover of a hoax”, and with the nṣr ḥrš “secrecy of secret” agents. 🡻
- Officially, one can only go out on Sabbath with gml “camels” & nˀqh “female camels”, lbdqyn “Lybian donkeys” and sws “horses”, but not with animals with tied rgl “legs”.
- Secretly, a ruler can only go out on a war with gml “kind” & nqh “innocent” soldiers, l-phdyqˀ “pathic” playmates and šwš “flatterers”, but not with rgl “experienced” troops. 🡻
- Officially, a trngl “rooster” may not come out with a ḥwṭ “thread” or rṣwˁh “strap” on his rgl “legs”, and a man not with a ˀḥd “single” sandal.
- Secretly, a trngˀ “gay” ruler may not come out with ḥwṭˀ “flirting” or rṣh “desire” towards his rglˀ “soldiers”, and generally not with his ˀḥwty “brotherly” love. 🡻
- Officially, one mustn’t come out with a trs “shield”, as all ḥrb “swords” will be turned into ˀt “ploughshares” soon, and no gwy “nation” will attack another.
- Secretly, a ruler mustn’t come out trz “squirting” off, as his example could turn all qrb “soldiers” into happy self ˁwt “gratifiers”, and then no gwy “crowd” would attack another! 🡻
That gay rulers prefer to surround themselves with gay soldiers is a pattern that’s still observable today, as proven by Miles: Key roles in manufactured wars are typically played by visibly gay “special” forces, like Mussolini’s shirtless blackshirts or the Enola Gay crew in tight shorts.
Many more sections follow, but this is what I have decrypted so far.
How to read this
- In the interlinear text, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
- Use the Pun Config to choose your level: Beginner for English text only, Intermediate for word-by-word vocabulary, Expert for original text and glyphs.
- Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
- Official meaning is marked with light green.
- Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
- Please read the introduction, the interchangeability rules, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
- Religious readers should proceed with care.
For a war, one needs deceptions on the inside & outside.
Shabbat 1.1.a
Encrypted: To bring forth a war, [one needs] deceptions which are combined [from] the inside, and deceptions which are combined [from] the outside.
Official: The [things that can] be brought on Sabbath [are] two [kinds], which are four [when being] inside, and two [kinds] which are four [when being] outside.
To bring forth
יצא yṣˀ: bring forth, appear
יציאות yṣyˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
The [things that can] be brought
a war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath, rest
on Sabbath
[one needs] deceptions
סטיה sṭyh: deviation, deceit; ־ים -ym: (plural)
שתים štym
שתים štym: two
[are] two [kinds],
which are
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
which are
combined
ערב ˁrb: mix, combine, confuse
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four
[from] the inside,
ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
בפנים bpnym
ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
[when being] inside,
and deceptions
סטיה sṭyh: deviation, deceit; ־ים -ym: (plural)
ושתים wštym
שתים štym: two
and two [kinds]
which are
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
which are
combined
ערב ˁrb: mix, combine, confuse
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four
[from] the outside.
ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
בחוץ bḥwṣ
ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
[when being] outside.
If a guilty party seemingly invades, the local ruler appears innocent.
Shabbat 1.1.b
Encrypted: How so? A blameworthy [party] is set up outside, and the ruler of the [affected] land is inside. [If] extends the blameworthy [party] its hand inside and shows itself in the middle of the possessions of the ruler of the land, or takes [something] from the inside and carries [it] out, [then] the blameworthy [party] [appears] responsible, and the ruler of the land [appears] free [from guilt when he wages war].
Official: How so? A poor [person] stands outside, and the owner of the house inside. [If] extends the poor [person] his hand inside and gives [something] into the middle of the hand of the owner of the house, or takes [something] from the middle and carries [it] outside, [then] the poor [person] is guilty and the owner of the house is exempt [from guilt for working on Sabbath].
How so?
כיצד kyṣd: how
כיצד kyṣd
כיצד kyṣd: how
How so?
A blameworthy [party]
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
A poor [person]
is set up
עמד ˁmd: establish, set up, present
עומד ˁwmd
עמד ˁmd: stand
stands
outside,
ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
בחוץ bḥwṣ
ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
outside,
and the ruler
בעל bˁl: lord, master, rule
ובעל wbˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
and the owner
of the [affected] land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house
is inside.
ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
בפנים bpnym
ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
inside.
[If] extends
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
פשט pšṭ
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
[If] extends
the blameworthy [party]
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
the poor [person]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
its hand
יד yd: hand, reach
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
his hand
inside
ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
לפנים lpnym
ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
inside
and shows itself
נתן ntn: show, display
ונתן wntn
נתן ntn: give
and gives [something]
in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle
of the possessions
יד yd: power, possession, borders
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
of the hand
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
the owner
of the land,
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house,
or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or
takes [something]
ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
שנטל šnṭl
ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
takes [something]
from the inside
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
מתוכה mtwkh
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
from the middle
and carries [it] out,
יצא yṣˀ: carry out
והוציא whwṣyˀ
יצא yṣˀ: carry out
and carries [it] outside,
[then] the blameworthy [party]
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
[then] the poor [person]
[appears] responsible,
חוב ḥwb: guilty, responsible
חיב ḥyb
חוב ḥwb: guilty, responsible
is guilty
and the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
ובעל wbˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
and the owner
of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house
[appears] free [from guilt when he wages war].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
is exempt [from guilt for working on Sabbath].
Shabbat 1.1.c
Encrypted: [But if would] extend the ruler of the land his power outside and show himself in the middle of the possessions of the [other] power or take [something] from the middle by initiative, [then] the ruler of the land [would appear] responsible, and the [other] power [would appear] free [from guilt].
Official: [If] extends the owner of the house his hand outside and gives [something] into the middle of the hand of the poor [person], or takes [something] from the middle carrying [it] in, [then] the owner of the house is guilty and the poor [person] is exempt [from guilt].
[But if would] extend
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
פשט pšṭ
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
[If] extends
the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
the owner
of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
his power
יד yd: hand, reach
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
his hand
outside
ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
לחוץ lḥwṣ
ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
outside
and show himself
נתן ntn: show, display
ונתן wntn
נתן ntn: give
and gives [something]
in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle
of the possessions
יד yd: power, possession, borders
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
of the hand
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
the [other] power
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
עני ˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
the poor [person],
or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or
take [something]
ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
שנטל šnṭl
ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
takes [something]
from the middle
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
מתוכה mtwkh
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
from the middle
by initiative,
כנס kns: enter, gather, initiate
והכניס whknys
כנס kns: bring home, bring in
carrying [it] in,
[then] the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
[then] the owner
of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house
[would appear] responsible,
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
is guilty
and the [other] power
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
והעני whˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
and the poor [person]
[would appear] free [from guilt].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
is exempt [from guilt].
With a war, the ruler appears innocent with new burdens & taxes.
Shabbat 1.1.d
Encrypted: [And if] extends the blameworthy [party] his power inside, and [if then] imposes burdens the owner of the land from the oppressed, or imposes paying [of new taxes] onto the oppressed [for alleged] costs, [then] both [these actions] [appear] free [from guilt].
Official: [And if] extends the poor [person] his hand inside, and [if then] takes the owner of the house from the middle, or gives [something] into the middle and [the poor person?] carries [it] out, [then] both [of them] are exempt [from guilt].
[And if] extends
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
פשט pšṭ
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
[And if] extends
the blameworthy [party]
עני ˁny: poor
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor
the poor [person]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
his power
יד yd: power, possession, borders
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
his hand
inside,
ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
לפנים lpnym
ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
inside,
and [if then] imposes burdens
נטל nṭl: lift, impose, burden
ונטל wnṭl
נטל nṭl: receive, take
and [if then] takes
the owner
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
the owner
of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house
from the oppressed,
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
מתוכה mtwkh
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
from the middle,
or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or
imposes paying [of new taxes]
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: pay, impose
שנתן šntn
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give
gives [something]
onto the oppressed
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכה ltwkh
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle
[for alleged] costs,
הוצאה hwṣˀh: expenditure, cost, transfer
והוציא whwṣyˀ
הוצאה hwṣˀh: carrying out
and [the poor person?] carries [it] out,
[then] both [these actions]
שני šny: both; הם hm: them
שניהם šnyhm
שני šny: both; הם hm: them
[then] both [of them]
[appear] free [from guilt].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטורין pṭwryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
are exempt [from guilt].
Shabbat 1.1.e
Encrypted: [Likewise, if] extends the ruler of the land his power outside, and imposes [new] burdens the [other] power from [its own] oppressed, or imposes paying [of new taxes] onto the oppressed as revenue, [then] both of them [appear] free [from guilt].
Official: [Likewise, if] extends the owner of the house his hand outside, and takes the poor [person] from the middle, or gives [something] into the middle carrying [it] in, [then] both of them are exempt [from guilt].
[Likewise, if] extends
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
פשט pšṭ
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
[Likewise, if] extends
the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
the owner
of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
his power
יד yd: power, possession, borders
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
his hand
outside,
ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
לחוץ lḥwṣ
ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
outside,
and imposes [new] burdens
נטל nṭl: lift, impose, burden
ונטל wnṭl
נטל nṭl: receive, take
and takes
the [other] power
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor
the poor [person]
from [its own] oppressed,
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
מתוכה mtwkh
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
from the middle,
or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or
imposes paying [of new taxes]
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: pay, impose
שנתן šntn
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give
gives [something]
onto the oppressed
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכה ltwkh
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle
as revenue,
הכנסה hknsh: income, revenue
והכניס whknys
הכנסה hknsh: carrying in, putting in
carrying [it] in,
[then] both of them
שני šny: both; הם hm: them
שניהם šnyhm
שני šny: both; הם hm: them
[then] both of them
[appear] free [from guilt].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטורין pṭwryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
are exempt [from guilt].
One must not fake this too close to peaceful times.
Shabbat 1.2.a
Encrypted: [However, one must] not put into place this disguised [party] turning toward [??] the border [??] [too] close to peaceful [times?] until [it is properly] slandered.
Official: [There must] not sit a man before a barber [from?] close to the Minhah [prayer] until the Tefillah [prayer].
[However, one must] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There must] not
put into place
ישב yšb: put in place
ישב yšb
ישב yšb: sit, place
sit
this disguised [party]
דמא dmˀ: resemble, appear in disguise
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man
turning toward [??]
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: face, front, appearance, turn toward
לפני lpny
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: face, front
before
the border [??]
ספר spr: border, border region, boundary, frontier
הספר hspr
ספר spr: barber
a barber
[too] close
סמך smk: close, adjoining
סמוך smwk
סמך smk: close, adjoining
[from?] close
to peaceful [times?]
ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; ניח nyḥ: resting, quiet, peace
למנחה lmnḥh
ל־ l-: to; מנחה mnḥh: Minhah; מ־ m-: of; נחה nḥh: rest, relief
to the Minhah [prayer]
until
עד ˁd: until, while
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: until, while
until
[it is properly] slandered.
ש־ š-: which; תפל tpl: smear, plaster, slander, denounce
שיתפלל šytpll
ש־ š-: which; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
the Tefillah [prayer].
One mustn’t endanger peers, but if idiots still get hurt, cover it up and proceed.
Shabbat 1.2.b
Encrypted: [There must also] not endanger this disguise [any] entrusted [man], and not [any] comrade and not [any] spouse, and not [any] lord. But if [one] has [already] started, [one does] not [need to] stop [just for safety]. [One must] stop to cover up the accidents of idiots, but does not stop for the fools [themselves].
Official: [There must also] not enter a man a bathhouse, and not a tannery [???], and not [start?] eating [??], and not [sit down for] judgement. But if [one] has [already] started, [one does] not [need to] stop. [One must] stop to recite the verse of the Shema prayer, but does not [have to] stop for the Tefillah prayer.
[There must also] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There must also] not
endanger
סכן skn: danger, endanger
יכנס ykns
כנס kns: go in, enter
enter
this disguise
דמא dmˀ: resemble, appear in disguise
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man
[any] entrusted [man],
ל־ l-: to; מרחץ mrḥṣ: allow, permit; מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: trust, rely, safe
למרחץ lmrḥṣ
ל־ l-: to; מרחץ mrḥṣ: bath
a bathhouse,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
[any] comrade
ל־ l-: to; בר זוג br zwg: comrade, colleague, mate, spouse
לברסקי lbrsqy
ל־ l-: to; ברסקי brsqy: byrsikos, tannery
a tannery [???],
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
[any] spouse,
ל־ l-: to; כלה klh: bride, daughter-in-law
לאכל lˀkl
ל־ l-: to; אכל ˀkl: eat
[start?] eating [??],
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
[any] lord.
ל־ l-: to; אדון ˀdwn: master, lord, possessor, guardian
לדין ldyn
ל־ l-: to; דין dyn: judgement
[sit down for] judgement.
But if [one]
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if [one]
has [already] started,
תחלה tḥlh: start
התחילו htḥylw
תחלה tḥlh: start
has [already] started,
[one does] not [need to]
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one does] not [need to]
stop [just for safety].
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
מפסיקין mpsyqyn
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
stop.
[One must] stop
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
מפסיקים mpsyqym
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
[One must] stop
to cover up
ל־ l-: to; קרי qry: cover
לקרות lqrwt
ל־ l-: to; קרי qry: call, recite
to recite
the accidents
קריא qryˀ: accident, incident, misfortune, mishap
קריאת qryˀt
קריא qryˀ: verse
the verse
of idiots,
שעמום šˁmwm: idiocy, idiot
שמע šmˁ
שמע šmˁ: hear, Shema
of the Shema prayer,
but does not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
but does not [have to]
stop
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
מפסיקים mpsyqym
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
stop
for the fools [themselves].
ל־ l-: for; תפלה tplh: folly; תפל tpl: foolish
לתפלה ltplh
ל־ l-: for; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
for the Tefillah prayer.
Don’t let outsiders see the dress-up or the costumes.
Shabbat 1.3.a
Encrypted: [There must also] not come out the guilty [party] with their strike [too] close to the poor [subjects?], as perhaps [someone would] see them coming out [from a domestic place]. [Also should] not [see] any outsider the cloaking / decoration [process?]. Also [one may] not [allow anyone] to scrutinize the dress-up.
Official: [There must also] not come out a tailor with his needle [too] close to falling darkness [to the eve before Sabbath], as perhaps he [may] forget he brought [it] out [and’d still have it on Sabbath]. [Also] not a scribe with his writing pen. Also [one may] not delouse [one’s] garments.
[There must also] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There must also] not
come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
come out
the guilty [party]
חטי ḥṭy: guilty; חטא ḥṭˀ: guilt
החיט hḥyṭ
חיט ḥyṭ: tailor
a tailor
with their strike
ב־ b-: with; מחתא mḥtˀ: stroke, blow
במחטו bmḥṭw
ב־ b-: with; מחט mḥṭ: needle
with his needle
[too] close
סמך smk: close, adjoining
סמוך smwk
סמך smk: close, adjoining
[too] close
to the poor [subjects?],
ל־ l-: to; חשוך ḥšwk: dark, reduced, poor
לחשכה lḥškh
ל־ l-: to; חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
to falling darkness [to the eve before Sabbath],
as perhaps
שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
שמא šmˀ
שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
as perhaps
[someone would] see
סכה skh: look, see
ישכח yškḥ
שכח škḥ: forget
he [may] forget
them coming out [from a domestic place].
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
ויצא wyṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
he brought [it] out [and’d still have it on Sabbath].
[Also should] not [see]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
[Also] not
any outsider
ל־ l-: to; לבר lbr: outside, secular world
הלבלר hlblr
לבלר lblr: scribe, clerk
a scribe
the cloaking / decoration [process?].
ב־ b-: with; כלמוס klmws: chlamys, officer’s cloak; קלמסמס qlmsms: kalamis, hair decorations
בקלמוסו bqlmwsw
ב־ b-: with; קולמוס qwlmws: kalamos, scribal pen, writing pen
with his writing pen.
Also [one may] not [allow anyone]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
Also [one may] not
to scrutinize
פלי ply: question, scrutinize
יפלה yplh
פלי ply: search, cleanse of lice
delouse
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
the dress-up.
כלי kly: dress, garment
כליו klyw
כלי kly: dress, garment
[one’s] garments.
A ruler may watch the show, but not join himself.
Shabbat 1.3.b
Encrypted: Also [a ruler may] not join the [fake] attack visibly. In truth [they] say: A [high-level] officer [may] see where the special dressings & arrangements are happening, but he himself [may] not join [as he could be recognized].
Official: Also [one may] not read by the light of a candle. In truth [they] say: The supervisor [may] see where [in the textbook] the children are reading, but he himself [may] not read [on Sabbath].
Also [a ruler may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
Also [one may] not
join
קרי qry: join, meet
יקרא yqrˀ
קרי qry: call, read
read
the [fake] attack
ל־ l-: to; אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
לאור lˀwr
ל־ l-: to; אור ˀwr: light
by the light
visibly.
נראה nrˀh: visible; נ־ n-: make; ראה rˀh: see
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
of a candle.
In truth
ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
באמת bˀmt
ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
In truth
[they] say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אמרו ˀmrw
אמר ˀmr: say
[they] say:
A [high-level] officer
חזן ḥzn: officer, superintendent
החזן hḥzn
חזן ḥzn: cantor, school governor
The supervisor
[may] see
ראה rˀh: see
רואה rwˀh
ראה rˀh: see
[may] see
where
היכן hykn: where
היכן hykn
היכן hykn: where
where [in the textbook]
the special dressings & arrangements
תקון tqwn: dress, fancy garb; תקן tqn: prepared, arranged, special dress
תינוקות tynwqwt
תנוק tnwq: boy, child
the children
are happening,
קרי qry: meet, happen
קוראים qwrˀym
קרי qry: call, read
are reading,
but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but
he himself
הוא hwˀ: he
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he
he himself
[may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[may] not
join [as he could be recognized].
קרי qry: join, meet
יקרא yqrˀ
קרי qry: call, read
read [on Sabbath].
Shabbat 1.3.c
Encrypted: As was brought out to it [this law]: [There may] not be revealed the truth with a war, because [would become] familiar with [it] the outsider / people.
Official: As was brought out to it [this law]: [There may] not eat [one afflicted with] gonorrhea [together] with [his woman afflicted with] gonorrhea, because [they would become] used to the transgression.
As was brought out
כ־ k-: as, like; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
כיוצא kywṣˀ
כ־ k-: as, like; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
As was brought out
to it [this law]:
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
to it [this law]:
[There may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There may] not
be revealed
גלא glˀ: reveal
יאכל yˀkl
אכל ˀkl: eat
eat
the truth
יצבה yṣbh: truth
הזב hzb
זב zb: flux, gonorrhea
[one afflicted with] gonorrhea
with
עם ˁm: with, near
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, near
[together] with
a war,
צבא ṣbˀ: army, war, warfare
הזבה hzbh
זב zb: flux, gonorrhea
[his woman afflicted with] gonorrhea,
because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because
[would become] familiar with [it]
רגל rgl: accustomed to, used to, make familiar
הרגל hrgl
רגל rgl: accustomed to, used to, make familiar
[they would become] used to
the outsider / people.
ברא brˀ: outside; בריה bryh: man, people
עברה ˁbrh
עברה ˁbrh: transgression, sin
the transgression.
Some laws differ between the two schools.
Shabbat 1.4.a
Encrypted: And these [were] among the laws which were declared in the upper chambers of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon when [other lords] went up to visit [him].
Official: And these [were] among the laws which were declared in the upper chamber of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon when [other sages] went up to visit [him].
And these [were]
אלו ˀlw: these
ואלו wˀlw
אלו ˀlw: these
And these [were]
among
מן mn: from, among
מן mn
מן mn: from, among
among
the laws
הלכה hlkh: law, rule
ההלכות hhlkwt
הלכה hlkh: law, rule
the laws
which were declared
ש־ š-: which; אמר ˀmr: speak, say
שאמרו šˀmrw
ש־ š-: which; אמר ˀmr: speak, say
which were declared
in the upper chambers
ב־ b-: in; עליתא ˁlytˀ: upper chamber, upper story, loft
בעלית bˁlyt
ב־ b-: in; עליתא ˁlytˀ: upper chamber, upper story, loft
in the upper chamber
of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
חנניה בן חזקיה בן גריון ḥnnyh bn ḥzqyh bn grywn: Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
חנניה בן חזקיה בן גריון ḥnnyh bn ḥzqyh bn grywn
חנניה בן חזקיה בן גריון ḥnnyh bn ḥzqyh bn grywn: Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
when [other lords] went up
כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: go up
כשעלו kšˁlw
כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: go up
when [other sages] went up
to visit [him].
ל־ l-: to; בקר bqr: attend, visit
לבקרו lbqrw
ל־ l-: to; בקר bqr: attend, visit
to visit [him].
Shabbat 1.4.b
Encrypted: [There] numbered more the school of Shammai than the school of Hillel, and [in] a meeting [?] of rulers [?] [those] things they decreed there on that day.
Official: [There] numbered more the school of Shammai than the school of Hillel, and eight and ten things they decreed there on that day.
[There] numbered
נ־ n-: make; מנה mnh: count, number
נמנו nmnw
נ־ n-: make; מנה mnh: count, number
[There] numbered
more
רב rb: much, many
ורבו wrbw
רב rb: much, many
more
the school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
the school
of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai
than
על ˁl: to, than
על ˁl
על ˁl: to, than
than
the school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
the school
of Hillel,
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel,
and [in] a meeting [?]
זמן zmn: assemble, meet, plot together
ושמנה wšmnh
שמנה šmnh: eight
and eight
of rulers [?]
עצר ˁṣr: rule; עוצר ˁwṣr: ruler, sovereign
עשר ˁšr
עשר ˁšr: ten
and ten
[those] things
דבר dbr: speech, matter, thing
דברים dbrym
דבר dbr: speech, matter, thing
things
they decreed
גזר gzr: determine, decree
גזרו gzrw
גזר gzr: determine, decree
they decreed
there
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
there
on that day.
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
on that day.
Do not plan more destruction than you can arrange in a day.
Shabbat 1.5.a
Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: [One may] not let loose [too much] misery and horror and destruction, except when [it can all] be put on while on the [same] day. But the school of Hillel permit [it].
Official: The school of Shammai say: [One may] not soak ink [powder?] and dye [powder?] and vetches [on the eve to Sabbat], except when [it still gets soaked] right while on the [same] day. But the school of Hillel permit [it].
The school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The school
of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
let loose [too much]
שרה šrh: release, let loose
שורין šwryn
שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
soak
misery
דוי dwy: grief, affliction, weaken, miserable
דיו dyw
דיו dyw: fluid, writing ink
ink [powder?]
and horror
שממון šmmwn: appalment, horror; שמם šmm: destroy, ruin
וסממנים wsmmnym
סממן smmn: paint, dye, colors
and dye [powder?]
and destruction,
קורצין qwrṣyn: destruction
וכרשינים wkršynym
כרשינה kršynh: vetch, horse-bean
and vetches [on the eve to Sabbat],
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when
[it can all] be put on
ש־ š-: make; יסר ysr: tie, put on
שישורו šyšwrw
ש־ š-: make; ישר yšr: smooth, straight, right
[it still gets soaked] right
while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while
on the [same] day.
יום ywm: time
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.
But the school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
But the school
of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel
permit [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it].
Do not let common subjects & soldiers see the fraud.
Shabbat 1.6.a
Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: [One may] not show the fraud [to one] of the ordinary oppressed [folk] of servitude, except when they [can] be confused [about it] while on the [same] day.
Official: The house of Shammai say: [One may] not give wet bundles of flax into the middle of the oven, except when they [can] be steamed out [?] while on the [same] day.
The house
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The house
of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
show
נתן ntn: show, present
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give, take
give
the fraud
אונאה ˀwnˀh: wrong, fraudulent representation
אונין ˀwnyn
אונין ˀwnyn: bundles of wet flax
wet bundles
[to one] of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
the ordinary
פשוט pšwṭ: simple, ordinary, usual
פשתן pštn
פשתה pšth: flax, linen
flax
oppressed [folk]
ל־ l-: belonging to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle
of servitude,
ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
התנור htnwr
תנור tnwr: stove, oven
of the oven,
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when
they [can] be confused [about it]
ש־ š-: make; בלל bll: confuse, confound
שיהבילו šyhbylw
ש־ š-: which; הביל hbyl: steamy, humid
they [can] be steamed out [?]
while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while
on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.
Shabbat 1.6.b
Encrypted: And [one may also] not [show it like this] [to] guards of the city, except when [they really] absorb the deception. But the school of Hillel permit [it].
Official: And [one may also] not [give like this] wool into the kettle, except when [it can] absorb the colored look [on the same day]. But the school of Hillel permit [it].
And [one may also] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And [one may also] not
[show it like this]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[give like this]
[to] guards
שמר šmr: watch, guard; שומר šwmr: watchman
הצמר hṣmr
צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
wool
of the city,
ל־ l-: belonging to; עיר ˁyr: town, city
ליורה lywrh
ל־ l-: to; יורה ywrh: boiler, kettle
into the kettle,
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when
[they really] absorb
ש־ š-: make; קלט qlṭ: absorb
שיקלט šyqlṭ
ש־ š-: make; קלט qlṭ: absorb
[it can] absorb
the deception.
אונאה ˀwnˀh: deception, deceit, fraud
העין hˁyn
עין ˁyn: eye, appearance, color
the colored look [on the same day].
But the school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
But the school
of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel
permit [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it].
For the actors, use camps that can be quickly taken down.
Shabbat 1.6.c
Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: [One may] not spread out camps [for] the show [people] and the veiled [people] and [secret] watchmen, except when [they can still] be emptied while on the [same] day. But the school of Hillel permit [it].
Official: The house of Shammai say: [One may] not spread out nets & traps [for] beasts and birds and fish, except when [they can still] be caught while on the [same] day. But the school of Hillel permit [it].
The house
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The house
of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
spread out
פרש prš: spread out
פורשין pwršyn
פרש prš: spread out
spread out
camps
מצודה mṣwdh: fort, fortress, stronghold
מצודות mṣwdwt
מצודה mṣwdh: net, trap
nets & traps
[for] the show [people]
חוה ḥwh: show
חיה ḥyh
חיה ḥyh: beast
[for] beasts
and the veiled [people]
עפף ˁpp: double, wrapping; עיפא ˁypˀ: cover, veil
ועופות wˁwpwt
עוף ˁwp: bird
and birds
and [secret] watchmen,
דק dq: thin curtain; דיק dyq: watchman
ודגים wdgym
דג dg: fish
and fish,
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when
[they can still] be emptied
ש־ š-: make; צדי ṣdy: deserted, destroyed, empty
שיצודו šyṣwdw
ש־ š-: make; צוד ṣwd: hunt, catch
[they can still] be caught
while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while
on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.
But the school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
But the school
of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel
permit [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it].
Strangers may not know about the fake, except if they are rulers.
Shabbat 1.7.a
Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: [One may] not [make all this] known to a stranger, and [may] not tell [anything] to him, and [may] not choose [a role in the fake?] on him, except when [he is] raised to be ruler of the place of the war. But the school of Hillel permit [it].
Official: The house of Shammai say: [One may] not sell [something] to a [non-Jewish?] stranger, and [may] not make him carry [something] with him, and [may] not lift [something] on him, except when the toil [of carrying] [is] to a place nearby. But the school of Hillel permit [it].
The house
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The house
of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
[make all this] known
מכר mkr: known, recognized, acquainted
מוכרין mwkryn
מכר mkr: sell, sold
sell [something]
to a stranger,
ל־ l-: to; נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
לנכרי lnkry
ל־ l-: to; נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
to a [non-Jewish?] stranger,
and [may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [may] not
tell [anything]
תנא tnˀ: tell, relate, teach
טוענין ṭwˁnyn
טען ṭˁn: carry, burden, load
make him carry [something]
to him,
עם ˁm: with
עמו ˁmw
עם ˁm: with
with him,
and [may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [may] not
choose [a role in the fake?]
מ־ m-: of; גבי gby: choose, select
מגביהין mgbyhyn
מ־ m-: of; גבה gbh: raise, high, lift
lift [something]
on him,
על ˁl: on, upon
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, upon
on him,
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when
[he is] raised to be ruler
ש־ š-: make; גאי gˀy: rise, exalted, lord it; גאה gˀh: ruler
שיגיע šygyˁ
ש־ š-: make; יגע ygˁ: toil, weary
the toil [of carrying]
of the place
ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
למקום lmqwm
ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
[is] to a place
of the war.
קרב qrb: war, battle, soldier
קרוב qrwb
קרוב qrwb: near, close
nearby.
But the school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
But the school
of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel
permit [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it].
Do not show the dress-up costumes to servants, except your own.
Shabbat 1.8.a
Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: [One may] not show the [dress-up] skins to a worker, and not the [fake] dresses to an oppressed who is a stranger, except when [any suspicion can still] be smoothened out while on the [same] day. the school of Hillel permit [it] with [one’s own] servants.
Official: The house of Shammai say: [One may] not give [animal] skins to a [non-Jewish?] worker, and not dresses to a laundryman who is a [non-Jewish?] stranger, except when [they can still] be smoothened out while on the [same] day. But in all [these], the school of Hillel permit [it] with the sun [still being up?].
The house
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The house
of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
show
נתן ntn: show, present
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give
give
the [dress-up] skins
עור ˁwr: skin, hide
עורות ˁwrwt
עור ˁwr: skin, hide
[animal] skins
to a worker,
ל־ l-: to; עבד ˁbd: work, labor, servant
לעבדן lˁbdn
ל־ l-: to; עבד ˁbd: work, labor, servant
to a [non-Jewish?] worker,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
the [fake] dresses
כלי kly: dress, garment
כלים klym
כלי kly: dress, garment
dresses
to an oppressed
ל־ l-: to; חבץ ḥbṣ: press, oppressed, crowd
לכובס lkwbs
ל־ l-: to; כובס kwbs: laundryman
to a laundryman
who is a stranger,
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
נכרי nkry
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
who is a [non-Jewish?] stranger,
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when
[any suspicion can still] be smoothened out
שעשע šˁšˁ: smooth
שיעשו šyˁšw
שעשע šˁšˁ: smooth
[they can still] be smoothened out
while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while
on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.
ב־ b-: in; כלן kln: all
ובכלן wbkln
ב־ b-: in; כלן kln: all
But in all [these],
the school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
the school
of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel
permit [it]
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it]
with
עם ˁm: with, near
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, near
with
[one’s own] servants.
שמש šmš: serve, servant
השמש hšmš
שמש šmš: sun
the sun [still being up?].
Shabbat 1.9.a
Encrypted: Said lord Shimon ben Gamliel: [This] custom existed in the family of my father, which was that [they would] present their dresses [for] the mockery to the oppressed strangers [of their own?] bound [??] people [??] before the war.
Official: Said rabban Shimon ben Gamliel: [This] custom existed in the family of my father, which was that [they would] give their dresses which were white to a laundryman who was a [non-Jewish] stranger [at least?] three days before Sabbath.
Said
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Said
lord
רבן rbn: lord
רבן rbn
רבן rbn: rabban
rabban
Shimon ben Gamliel:
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Shimon ben Gamliel
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Shimon ben Gamliel
Shimon ben Gamliel:
[This] custom
נוהג nwhg: custom
נוהגין nwhgyn
נוהג nwhg: custom
[This] custom
existed
היה hyh: be, exist
היו hyw
היה hyh: be, exist
existed
in the family
בית byt: house, family
בית byt
בית byt: house, family
in the family
of my father,
אבא ˀbˀ: my father
אבא ˀbˀ
אבא ˀbˀ: my father
of my father,
which was that
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
שהיו šhyw
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
which was that
[they would] present
נתן ntn: show, present
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give
[they would] give
their dresses
כלי kly: dress, garment
כלי kly
כלי kly: dress, garment
their dresses
[for] the mockery
לעב lˁb: mock, mockery; ־ן -n: (suffix)
לבן lbn
לבן lbn: white
which were white
to the oppressed
ל־ l-: to; חבץ ḥbṣ: press, oppressed, crowd
לכובס lkwbs
ל־ l-: to; כובס kwbs: laundryman
to a laundryman
strangers
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
נכרי nkry
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
who was a [non-Jewish] stranger
[of their own?] bound [??]
שלשל šlšl: chained; שלול šlwl: chained, fettered, manacled
שלשה šlšh
שלש šlš: three
[at least?] three
people [??]
עמים ˁmym: people
ימים ymym
ימים ymym: days
days
before
קדם qdm: before
קדם qdm
קדם qdm: before
before
the war.
ל־ l-: to; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
לשבת lšbt
ל־ l-: to; שבת šbt: Sabbath
Sabbath.
There’s always occasional leaks, so they mustn’t be neglected.
Shabbat 1.9.b
Encrypted: And equally [voted] these [Shammai] and those [Hillel] [here]: [One can always] have be pierced [one’s] meetings [when being] among [??] disturbers [??], and [they can] be revealed to troops [by accident].
Official: And equally [voted] these [Shammai] and those [Hillel] [here]: [One may always] put down the beam of the structure to press olives, and the press of the wine vat [so they press down on Sabbath].
And equally [voted]
שוי šwy: equal, alike
ושוין wšwyn
שוי šwy: equal, alike
And equally [voted]
these [Shammai]
אלו ˀlw: these
אלו ˀlw
אלו ˀlw: these
these [Shammai]
and those [Hillel] [here]:
אלו ˀlw: these
ואלו wˀlw
אלו ˀlw: these
and those [Hillel] [here]:
[One can always] have be pierced
ש־ š-: make; טען ṭˁn: pierce
שטוענין šṭwˁnyn
ש־ š-: make; טען ṭˁn: put a burden on, load
[One may always] put down
[one’s] meetings
קרי qry: join, meet, happen
קורות qwrwt
קורה qwrh: beam
the beam
[when being] among [??]
בית byt: between, among
בית byt
בית byt: house, structure
of the structure
disturbers [??],
בדד bdd: disturb; בדוד bdwd: disturber
הבד hbd
בדוד bdwd: olive press
to press olives,
and [they can] be revealed
גלא glˀ: uncover, reveal
ועגולי wˁgwly
עגל ˁgl: roll, press
and the press
to troops [by accident].
גוד gwd: troop
הגת hgt
גת gt: wine-press, vat
of the wine vat [so they press down on Sabbath].
Shabbat 1.10.a
Encrypted: [One may] not neglect penetrations, having [things] laid bare, or having been found out, except when [it can] be cleared up while on the [same] day.
Official: [One may] not roast meat, onions or eggs, except when [they can] be roasted [fully] while on the [same] day.
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
neglect
שלי šly: be at ease, unconcerned, neglect
צולין ṣwlyn
צלי ṣly: roast, roasted
roast
penetrations,
ברץ brṣ: penetrate, reveal
בשר bšr
בשר bšr: meat
meat,
having [things] laid bare,
פצל pṣl: split, peel, lay bare
בצל bṣl
בצל bṣl: onion
onions
or having been found out,
בצי bṣy: strip, found out, understood
וביצה wbyṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
or eggs,
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when
[it can] be cleared up
ש־ š-: make; צלל ṣll: settle, clear, clarify
שיצולו šyṣwlw
ש־ š-: make; צלי ṣly: roast, roasted
[they can] be roasted [fully]
while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while
on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.
Subjects mustn’t see the fraud, except when it can be covered up quickly.
Shabbat 1.10.b
Encrypted: [One may] not show the deception to one of the servants [who is] with the poor [subjects], and not the wrong [acting] in [a place] next to the multitudes, except when [it can] be covered up [on] the surface while on the [same] day.
Official: [One may] not give a piece of bread into the oven near nightfall, and not a cake onto [a spot] next to burning coals, except when [it can] form a crust [on its] surface while on the [same] day.
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
show
נתן ntn: show, present
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give
give
the deception
פתה pth: foolish, seduce, deceive
פת pt
פת pt: piece of bread
a piece of bread
to one of the servants
ל־ l-: to; ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
לתנור ltnwr
ל־ l-: to; תנור tnwr: stove, oven
into the oven
[who is] with
עם ˁm: with, near
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, near
near
the poor [subjects],
חשוך ḥšwk: dark, reduced, poor
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
nightfall,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
the wrong [acting]
הרר hrr: trouble, annoy, do wrong, snow job
חררה ḥrrh
חרר ḥrr: cake
a cake
in
על ˁl: upon, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
onto
[a place] next to
גב gb: near, next to
גבי gby
גב gb: near, next to
[a spot] next to
the multitudes,
קהל qhl: community, multitude
גחלים gḥlym
גחל gḥl: burning coal
burning coals,
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when
[it can] be covered up
ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: fine cloth, cover, overlay
שיקרמו šyqrmw
ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: form a skin, cover with crust
[it can] form a crust
[on] the surface
פני pny: face
פניה pnyh
פני pny: face
[on its] surface
while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while
on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.
Shabbat 1.10.c
Encrypted: Rabbi Eliezer says: When [one can put up] a cover in the place of it.
Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: When [it can] form a crust [on] the lower [part] of it.
Rabbi
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
When
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
When
[one can put up] a cover
ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: fine cloth, cover, overlay
שיקרם šyqrm
ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: form a skin, cover with crust
[it can] form a crust
in the place
תחת tḥt: instead of, in place of
התחתון htḥtwn
תחת tḥt: below, under
[on] the lower [part]
of it.
של šl: belonging to, of
שלה šlh
של šl: belonging to, of
of it.
Open places can be controlled with guards & crowds.
Shabbat 1.11.a
Encrypted: [If one can] control an open place towards the servants with obscurity [?], then [one may] hold the [fake] attack with guards [even] among [occasional?] penetrations [?]. Also with [loyal] crowds [?] when [can] hold & support the [fake] attack enough [of them?]. Lord Yehudah says: With governor [support?], [even] all of it [can be shown?].
Official: [When the Sabbath] is connected to the Passover festival [one may put things] into the oven near nightfall, and [one may] ignite the flame in the pile of wood of the temple to burn [there]. Also in country [areas??], when [can] be ignited the flame enough [before Sabbath]. Rabbi Yehudah says: With coal [fires], [even if?] any of it [can be ignited?].
[If one can] control
משל mšl: manage, control
משלשלין mšlšlyn
מ־ m-: of; שלשל šlšl: chained, connected
[When the Sabbath] is connected
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
to
an open place
פצח pṣḥ: open place, unwalled place
הפסח hpsḥ
פסח psḥ: Passover festival
the Passover festival
towards the servants
ל־ l-: to; ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
בתנור btnwr
ל־ l-: to; תנור tnwr: stove, oven
[one may put things] into the oven
with
עם ˁm: with, near
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, near
near
obscurity [?],
חשך ḥšk: darken, obscure
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
nightfall,
then [one may] hold
מ־ m-: of; אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
ומאחיזין wmˀḥyzyn
מ־ m-: of; אחז ˀḥz: hold, ignite with kindling wood
and [one may] ignite
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
the [fake] attack
אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
האור hˀwr
אור ˀwr: light, flame
the flame
with guards
ב־ b-: with; מטרי mṭry: guard, watcher
במדורת bmdwrt
ב־ b-: in; מדורה mdwrh: pile of wood, fire
in the pile of wood
[even] among
בית byt: between, among
בית byt
בית byt: house, structure
of the temple
[occasional?] penetrations [?].
מ־ m-: of; קדד qdd: bore, penetrate
המוקד hmwqd
מ־ m-: of; יקד yqd: kindle, burn, set on fire
to burn [there].
Also with [loyal] crowds [?]
ב־ b-: with; גבל gbl: people, crowd
ובגבולין wbgbwlyn
ב־ b-: in; גבול gbwl: border, territory, country
Also in country [areas??],
when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when
[can] hold & support
ש־ š-: make; אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
שיאחז šyˀḥz
ש־ š-: make; אחז ˀḥz: hold, ignite with kindling wood
[can] be ignited
the [fake] attack
אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
האור hˀwr
אור ˀwr: light, flame
the flame
enough [of them?].
ב־ b-: in; רב rb: much, many, enough
ברבן brbn
ב־ b-: in; רב rb: much, many, enough
enough [before Sabbath].
Lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
With governor [support?],
ב־ b-: with; פחם pḥm: governors
בפחמין bpḥmyn
ב־ b-: in; פחם pḥm: coal
With coal [fires],
[even] all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
[even if?] any
of it [can be shown?].
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it [can be ignited?].
One cannot kindle a war with mere words & mock-ups.
Shabbat 2:1.a
Encrypted: With what [can one] kindle [a war] and with what [can one] not kindle [it]? [One can] not kindle [it with these]: Not with [mere] words, not with [mere] appearances, not with [mere] chatter, and not with a [mere] perversion of [things already in] memory, and not with a [mere] perversion of speech, and not with arranging [things] which [are already known] on the surface [to] the people.
Official: With what [may one] kindle [a fire on Sabbath], and with what [may one] not kindle [it]? [One may] not kindle [it with these]: Not with cedar [wood], not with flax, not with bast silk, not with a thread of bast, and not with a thread of desert grass [??], and not with moss [??] which [grows] on the surface of water [???].
With what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
במה bmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
With what
[can one] kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
[may one] kindle [a fire on Sabbath],
and with what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
and with what
[can one] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[may one] not
kindle [it]?
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [it]?
[One can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
kindle [it with these]:
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [it with these]:
Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not
with [mere] words,
ב־ b-: with; לכסי lksy: lexis, language, word
בלכש blkš
ב־ b-: with; לכש lkš: cedar-bast
with cedar [wood],
not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with [mere] appearances,
ב־ b-: with; חזון ḥzwn: vision, appearance, spectacle, theatrical
בחסן bḥsn
ב־ b-: with; הוצני hwṣny: soaked flax
with flax,
not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with [mere] chatter,
ב־ b-: with; גלג glg: reveal, chatter, boast
בכלך bklk
ב־ b-: with; כלך klk: bast silk
with bast silk,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with a [mere] perversion
ב־ b-: with; פתל ptl: pervert, twist
בפתילת bptylt
ב־ b-: with; פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
with a thread
of [things already in] memory,
עוהדן ˁwhdn: memory, commemoration, mention
האידן hˀydn
אידן ˀydn: bast
of bast,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with a [mere] perversion
ב־ b-: with; פתל ptl: pervert, twist
בפתילת bptylt
ב־ b-: with; פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
with a thread
of speech,
מדבר mdbr: speech, talk
המדבר hmdbr
מדבר mdbr: desert
of desert grass [??],
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with arranging [things]
ב־ b-: with; ערך ˁrk: arrange, prepare
בירוקה byrwqh
ב־ b-: with; ירוקה yrwqh: moss
with moss [??]
which [are already known] on
ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on
שעל šˁl
ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on
which [grows] on
the surface
פני pny: face
פני pny
פני pny: face
the surface
[to] the people.
עמים ˁmym: people
המים hmym
מים mym: water
of water [???].
Shabbat 2:1.b
Encrypted: And not with [mere] forgeries, and not with [mere] smooth-talking, and not with the arrangement of [mere] impressions, and not with the arrangement of [mere] confusion [??] and not with [mere] accusations, and not with [mere] mockery.
Official: And not with pitch, and not with wax, and not with oil of castor seeds, and not with oil [that] was burnt, and not with a sheep's tail [??], and not with fat.
And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not
with [mere] forgeries,
ב־ b-: with; זוף zwp: falsify, forge; ־ת -t: (suffix)
בזפת bzpt
ב־ b-: with; זפת zpt: pitch
with pitch,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with [mere] smooth-talking,
ב־ b-: with; שעוע šˁwˁ: smooth-talking, hypocrisy
בשעוה bšˁwh
ב־ b-: with; שעוה šˁwh: wax, balm
with wax,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with the arrangement
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil
of [mere] impressions,
קעקע qˁqˁ: engrave, impression
קיק qyq
קיק qyq: castor-oil seed
of castor seeds,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with the arrangement
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil
of [mere] confusion [??]
סרב srb: confound, deny, speak falsely against
שרפה šrph
שרפה šrph: burning, fire
[that] was burnt,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with [mere] accusations,
ב־ b-: with; עלל ˁll: accuse falsely
באליה bˀlyh
ב־ b-: with; אליה ˀlyh: fat tail of sheep
with a sheep's tail [??],
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with [mere] mockery.
ב־ b-: with; לעב / הלעב lˁb / hlˁb: mock, jest
בחלב bḥlb
ב־ b-: with; חלב ḥlb: fat, grease, milk
with fat.
Shabbat 2:1.c
Encrypted: Nahum the Median says: [One can] kindle [a war] with mockery [that] is complete. But the advisors say: [Whether it is] one [kind] [that] is complete or another [kind] that [is] not complete, [either way one can] not kindle [a war] with [mere mockery].
Official: Nahum the Median says: [One may] kindle [a fire] with fat [that] was boiled. But the advisors say: [Whether it is] one [kind] [that] was boiled or another [kind] that [was] not boiled, [either way one may] not kindle [a fire on Sabbath] with [fat].
Nahum
נחום nḥwm: Nahum
נחום nḥwm
נחום nḥwm: Nahum
Nahum
the Median
מדי mdy: Median
המדי hmdy
מדי mdy: Median
the Median
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
[One can] kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
[One may] kindle [a fire]
with mockery
ב־ b-: with; לעב / הלעב lˁb / hlˁb: mock, jest
בחלב bḥlb
ב־ b-: with; חלב ḥlb: fat, grease, milk
with fat
[that] is complete.
מ־ m-: of; בשיל bšyl: complete
מבשל mbšl
מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
[that] was boiled.
But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[Whether it is] one [kind]
אחד ˀḥd: one, other
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one, other
[Whether it is] one [kind]
[that] is complete
מ־ m-: of; בשיל bšyl: complete
מבשל mbšl
מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
[that] was boiled
or another [kind]
אחד ˀḥd: one, other
ואחד wˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one, other
or another [kind]
that [is] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
that [was] not
complete,
מ־ m-: of; בשיל bšyl: complete
מבשל mbšl
מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
boiled,
[either way one can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[either way one may] not
kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire on Sabbath]
with [mere mockery].
בי by: with
בו bw
בי by: with
with [fat].
Shabbat 2:2.a
Encrypted: [One can] not kindle [a war] with [mere] arrangements of confusion in times [that are otherwise] pleasant [& peaceful]. Rabbi Ishmael says: [One may] not kindle [a war] with [mere] decoration because of the importance of war.
Official: [One may] not kindle [a fire] with oil [that] was burned on a day joyful [of a festival]. Rabbi Ishmael says: [One may] not kindle [a fire] with pitch because of the importance Sabbath.
[One can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire]
with [mere] arrangements
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil
of confusion
סרב srb: confound, deny, speak falsely against
שרפה šrph
שרפה šrph: burning, fire
[that] was burned
in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on a day
[that are otherwise] pleasant [& peaceful].
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival].
Rabbi
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Ishmael
ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
ישמעאל yšmˁˀl
ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
Ishmael
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire]
with [mere] decoration
ב־ b-: with; עטר ˁṭr: adorn, decorate; ־ן -n: (suffix)
בעטרן bˁṭrn
ב־ b-: with; עטרן ˁṭrn: cedar oil, pitch
with pitch
because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because of
the importance
כבוד kbwd: importance, honor, respect
כבוד kbwd
כבוד kbwd: importance, honor, respect
the importance
of war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
Sabbath.
Shabbat 2:2.b
Encrypted: But the advisors permit [it] with all [these] arrangements: With arranging a swordfight [??], with arranging an attack, with arranging a fight, with arranging a humiliation, with arranging a [military] encounter, with violence [??] and with surprise [attacks??].
Official: And the advisors permit [it] with all oils: With oil of sesame, with oil of nuts, with oil of radishes, with oil of fish, with oil of gourds, with pitch, and with petroleum.
But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors
permit [it]
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: permit
מתירין mtyryn
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: permit
permit [it]
with all [these]
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
בכל bkl
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
with all
arrangements:
זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
השמנים hšmnym
שמן šmn: fat, oil
oils:
With arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
With oil
a swordfight [??],
צמצמא ṣmṣmˀ: sword
שמשמין šmšmyn
שמשם šmšm: sesame
of sesame,
with arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil
an attack,
עגש ˁgš: attack, gore
אגוזים ˀgwzym
אגוז ˀgwz: nut
of nuts,
with arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil
a fight,
זון zwn: outfit, decorate, arm one’s self, fight
צנונות ṣnwnwt
צנון ṣnwn: radish
of radishes,
with arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil
a humiliation,
דקדק dqdq: crush, humiliate, break
דגים dgym
דג dg: fish
of fish,
with arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil
a [military] encounter,
פגע pgˁ: encounter, attack
פקועות pqwˁwt
פקוע pqwˁ: gourd
of gourds,
with violence [??]
ב־ b-: with; טרוניא ṭrwnyˀ: tyrannical, brutal, violent
בעטרן bˁṭrn
ב־ b-: with; עטרן ˁṭrn: cedar oil, pitch
with pitch,
and with surprise [attacks??].
ב־ b-: with; נ־ n-: make; פתע ptˁ: surprise, suddenly
ובנפט wbnpṭ
ב־ b-: with; נפט npṭ: naphtha, petroleum
and with petroleum.
Shabbat 2:2.c
Encrypted: Lord Tarfon says: [One simply can] not kindle [a war], except with arrangements of terror alone.
Official: Rabbi Tarfon says: [One may] not kindle [a fire], except with oil of olives alone.
Lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Tarfon
טרפון ṭrpwn: Tarfon
טרפון ṭrpwn
טרפון ṭrpwn: Tarfon
Tarfon
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
[One simply can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
kindle [a war],
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire],
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
with arrangements
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil
of terror
זועתא zwˁtˀ: terror
זית zyt
זית zyt: olive
of olives
alone.
ב־ b-: with; לבד lbd: alone
בלבד blbd
ב־ b-: with; לבד lbd: alone
alone.
No deception can kindle a war like a physical attack.
Shabbat 2:3.a
Encrypted: [Of] all [things] [that one can] bring forth from [one’s] power, [one can] not kindle [a war] with them, except [with] an attack. And [of] all [things] [that one can] bring forth from [one’s] power, [they do] not stupefy [so] completely the slaves, except an attack.
Official: [Of] all [oils] [that] come out from trees, [one may] not kindle [a fire] with them, except [with] flax. And [of] all [oils] [that] come out from trees, [they do] not make unclean [by] corpses [??] a tent [containing them?], except flax.
[Of] all [things]
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
[Of] all [oils]
[that one can] bring forth
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
היוצא hywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
[that] come out
from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from
[one’s] power,
עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force
העץ hˁṣ
עץ ˁṣ: tree
trees,
[one can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not
kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire]
with them,
בי by: with
בו bw
בי by: with
with them,
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
[with] an attack.
פשט pšṭ: attack, invade, make a raid; ־ן -n: (suffix)
פשתן pštn
פשתן pštn: flax, linen
[with] flax.
And [of] all [things]
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
And [of] all [oils]
[that one can] bring forth
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
היוצא hywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
[that] come out
from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from
[one’s] power,
עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force
העץ hˁṣ
עץ ˁṣ: tree
trees,
[they do] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[they do] not
stupefy
מ־ m-: of; תמה tmh: amaze, astonish, stun, stupor
מטמא mṭmˀ
מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
make unclean
[so] completely
תם tm: completeness, perfection
טמאת ṭmˀt
טמא ṭmˀ: ghost, unclean by corpse
[by] corpses [??]
the slaves,
אולה ˀwlh: slave; חול ḥwl: common
אהלים ˀhlym
אהל ˀhl: tent, shelter, cover
a tent [containing them?],
except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except
an attack.
פשט pšṭ: attack, invade, make a raid; ־ן -n: (suffix)
פשתן pštn
פשתן pštn: flax, linen
flax.
Shabbat 2:3.b
Encrypted: [Even] a perversion of deceit which is accepted [?], but [it may] not confuse [the subjects enough]. Lord Eliezer says: It is unfit, [one can] not kindle [a war] with it. Lord Akiva says: [If] it is a [really] clean [one], then [one can] kindle [a war] with it.
Official: A thread of garment which is rolled up [into a wick?], but not [yet] struck [lit up?]. Rabbi Eliezer says: It is unclean, [one may] not kindle [a fire] with it. Rabbi Akiva says: It is clean, and [one may] kindle [a fire] with it.
[Even] a perversion
פתל ptl: pervert, twist
פתילת ptylt
פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
A thread
of deceit
בגד bgd: betrayal, treachery, deceit
הבגד hbgd
בגד bgd: web, garment, dress
of garment
which is accepted [?],
ש־ š-: which; קבל qbl: receive, accept
שקפלה šqplh
ש־ š-: which; קפל qpl: fold, roll up
which is rolled up [into a wick?],
but [it may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
but not
confuse [the subjects enough].
בהבה bhbh: confused, dumbfound, perplex, baffle
הבהבה hbhbh
בהבה bhbh: strike
[yet] struck [lit up?].
Lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
It is unfit,
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
טמאה ṭmˀh
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
It is unclean,
[one can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not
kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire]
with it.
בה bh: with it
בה bh
בה bh: with it
with it.
Lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
Akiva
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
[If] it is a [really] clean [one],
טהר ṭhr: cleared, cleanse, amend
טהורה ṭhwrh
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
It is clean,
then [one can] kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
ומדליקין wmdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
and [one may] kindle [a fire]
with it.
בה bh: with it
בה bh
בה bh: with it
with it.
Leaks out of idiocy cannot be filled with simple distractions.
Shabbat 2:4.a
Encrypted: [And may] not fix up [??] a man the clumsiness [??] of being found out, and fill [it] [with another] arrangement and place [it] on the mouth of the servants, the reason being to distract [and] to obscure of it its clumsiness [??]. But lord Yehudah permits [it].
Official: [And may] not hollow out a man the receptacle [shell?] of an egg [??], and fill [it] [with] oil, and place [it] on the mouth of a lamp, the reason being [to make it] drip [into the lamp??], to extend of it its glowing [time]. But rabbi Yehudah permits [it].
[And may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[And may] not
fix up [??]
קבע qbˁ: deceive, fix, establish
יקב yqb
יקב yqb: hollow out
hollow out
a man
אדם ˀdm: man
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man
the clumsiness [??]
ש־ š-: make; פפרא pprˀ: clumsy, negligent, neglectful; פפרותא pprwtˀ: awkwardness, clumsiness, sloppiness
שפופרת špwprt
שפופרת špwprt: tube, pipe, receptacle
the receptacle [shell?]
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
being found out,
בצי bṣy: strip, found out, understood
ביצה byṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
an egg [??],
and fill [it]
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
וימלאנה wymlˀnh
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
and fill [it]
[with another] arrangement
זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
[with] oil,
and place [it]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
ויתננה wytnnh
נתן ntn: give, place, put
and place [it]
on
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on
the mouth
פה ph: mouth
פי py
פה ph: mouth
the mouth
of the servants,
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
of a lamp,
the reason
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
the reason
being
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
שתהא šthˀ
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
being
to distract
מ־ m-: of; נתף ntp: entice, attract, distracted
מנטפת mnṭpt
מ־ m-: of; נטף nṭp: drip, drop
[to make it] drip [into the lamp??],
[and] to obscure
אפל ˀpl: darken, obscure
אפלו ˀplw
אפל ˀpl: slow, late
to extend
of it
הוא hwˀ: he, it
היא hyˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it
its
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
its
clumsiness [??].
חרוסא ḥrwsˀ: awkward, clumsy
חרס ḥrs
חרס ḥrs: sun, glow
glowing [time].
But lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi
Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah
permits [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it].
Shabbat 2:4.b
Encrypted: But if [was] an associate the leaker [?] from the beginning, [then it] is permitted, because [then] it is a thing unique.
Official: But if [the egg??] was attached [when] fashioning [the lamp??] from the beginning, [then it] is permitted, because [then] it is a vessel single.
But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But
if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if
[was] an associate
חבר ḥbr: company, partner, associate
חברה ḥbrh
חבר ḥbr: join, attach
[the egg??] was attached
the leaker [?]
צרי ṣry: split, penetrate, burst
היוצר hywṣr
יצר yṣr: fashion, create, establish
[when] fashioning [the lamp??]
from the beginning,
מ־ m-: from; תחל tḥl: begin
מתחלה mtḥlh
מ־ m-: from; תחל tḥl: begin
from the beginning,
[then it] is permitted,
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתר mtr
נתר ntr: permit, free
[then it] is permitted,
because [then]
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because [then]
it is
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
it is
a thing
כלי kly: thing
כלי kly
כלי kly: object, vessel
a vessel
unique.
אחד ˀḥd: one, single, unique
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one, single, unique
single.
One may not punish a leaker by throwing him to the masses.
Shabbat 2:4.c
Encrypted: [Also may] not fill a man a leak [with] an arrangement, and place [it] at the side of the servants, and put the disturber of the perversion [project?] in [their] middle for the sake of [him] drawing [and] absorbing [their anger]. But lord Yehudah permits [it].
Official: [Also may] not fill a man a dish [with] oil, and place [it] at the side of a lamp, and put the head of the wick in [its] middle for the sake of [it] drawing [and] absorbing [the oil]. But rabbi Yehudah permits [it].
[Also may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[Also may] not
fill
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
ימלא ymlˀ
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
fill
a man
אדם ˀdm: man
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
a leak
קרר qrr: well forth, give forth
הקערה hqˁrh
קערה qˁrh: dish, platter
a dish
[with] an arrangement,
זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
[with] oil,
and place [it]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
ויתננה wytnnh
נתן ntn: give, place, put
and place [it]
at the side
ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
בצד bṣd
ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
at the side
of the servants,
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
of a lamp,
and put
נתן ntn: give, place, put
ויתן wytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
and put
the disturber
רעש rˁš: shake, disturb
ראש rˀš
ראש rˀš: head
the head
of the perversion [project?]
פתל ptl: pervert, twist
הפתילה hptylh
פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
of the wick
in [their] middle
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
בתוכה btwkh
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
in [its] middle
for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for the sake of
[him] drawing
שתי šty: drink, absorb water
שתהא šthˀ
שתי šty: drink, absorb water
[it] drawing
[and] absorbing [their anger].
שאב šˀb: draw water, absorb; ־ת -t: (suffix)
שואבת šwˀbt
שאב šˀb: draw water, absorb; ־ת -t: (suffix)
[and] absorbing [the oil].
But lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi
Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah
permits [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it].
It’s okay to kill commoners if you’re afraid, or to train the army.
Shabbat 2:5.a
Encrypted: [When one] extinguishes servants [?!?] because one was startled because of the crowds, or because of being seized, or because of commoners that [would] do harm, or if [it was] for the sake of the army [to] harden them up [?!?], [then one] is exempt.
Official: [When one] extinguishes a lamp because one was startled because of gentiles, or because of robbers, or because of spirits that are evil, or if [it was] for the sake of a sick person [to allow] him to sleep, [then one] is exempt.
[When one] extinguishes
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
המכבה hmkbh
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
[When one] extinguishes
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
servants [?!?]
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp
because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because
one
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
one
was startled
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: jump, startled, terrify
מתירא mtyrˀ
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: jump, startled, terrify
was startled
because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because of
the crowds,
גוי gwy: crowd, people
גוים gwym
גוי gwy: nation, gentile
gentiles,
or because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
or because of
being seized,
לסטי lsṭy: rob, seize, seized
לסטים lsṭym
לסט lsṭ: robber
robbers,
or because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
or because of
commoners
רווח rwwḥ: common, popular
רוח rwḥ
רוח rwḥ: spirit
spirits
that [would] do harm,
רעה rˁh: wrong, harm
רעה rˁh
רעה rˁh: evil
that are evil,
or if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
or if
[it was] for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
[it was] for the sake of
the army
חיל ḥyl: force, army, military
החולה hḥwlh
חלה ḥlh: faint, sick
a sick person
[to] harden them up [?!?],
עשן ˁšn: harden, make firm, grow strong, prepare oneself
שיישן šyyšn
ש־ š-: make; ישן yšn: sleep
[to allow] him to sleep,
[then one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[then one] is exempt.
One mustn’t protect servants or idiots or talkers.
Shabbat 2:5.b
Encrypted: [But] as for protecting servants [?!?], as for protecting idiots, as for protecting idiot talkers, [one] is guilty. But lord Yose exempts [this], in everything except of [protecting] idiot talkers, because it creates trouble.
Official: [But] as for sparing the lamp, as for sparing the oil, as for sparing the fuse, [one] is guilty. But rabbi Yose exempts [this], in everything except of [sparing] the fuse, because it creates coal [when it’s extinguished??].
[But] as for protecting
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
כחס kḥs
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
[But] as for sparing
על ˁl: to, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: to, over
servants [?!?],
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
the lamp,
as for protecting
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
כחס kḥs
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
as for sparing
על ˁl: to, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: to, over
idiots,
שעממן šˁmmn: troublesome person; שעמום šˁmwm: idiot
השמן hšmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
the oil,
as for protecting
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
כחס kḥs
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
as for sparing
על ˁl: to, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: to, over
idiot talkers,
בדוילא bdwylˀ: idle talk; בדולא bdwlˀ: idiot, moron, one who talks a lot
הפתילה hptylh
פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
the fuse,
[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
[one] is guilty.
But lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi
Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose
exempts [this],
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטר pwṭr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempts [this],
in everything
ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, whole
בכלן bkln
ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, whole
in everything
except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except
of
מן mn: of, from
מן mn
מן mn: of, from
of
[protecting] idiot talkers,
בדוילא bdwylˀ: idle talk; בדולא bdwlˀ: idiot, moron, one who talks a lot
הפתילה hptylh
פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
[sparing] the fuse,
because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because
it
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
it
creates
עשה ˁšh: do, make, create
עושה ˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, create
creates
trouble.
פעם pˁm: agitated, trouble
פחם pḥm
פחם pḥm: coal
coal [when it’s extinguished??].
Aristocrats can be killed in hoaxed wars if they aren’t careful.
Shabbat 2:6.a
Encrypted: For three transgressions [can] rulers die during hoaxes: [It is] for not being cautious when wandering about, and being slain [after] kindling [the anger] of the servants.
Official: For three transgressions [can] women die during childbirth: [It is] for not being cautious in menstruation, and with [making] cakes [???], and in kindling the lamp [on Sabbath].
For
על ˁl: on, for
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, for
For
three
שלש šlš: three
שלש šlš
שלש šlš: three
three
transgressions
עבר ˁbr: violate, transgress
עברות ˁbrwt
עבר ˁbr: violate, transgress
transgressions
[can] rulers
נשאים nšˀym: princes, rulers
נשים nšym
נשים nšym: women
[can] women
die
מות mwt: die, death
מתות mtwt
מות mwt: die, death
die
during
בשעת bšˁt: during
בשעת bšˁt
בשעת bšˁt: during
during
hoaxes:
עלדיתא ˁldytˀ: guile, cunning, deception, hoax
לדתן ldtn
ילדתא yldtˀ: woman in childbirth
childbirth:
[It is] for
על ˁl: on, for
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, for
[It is] for
not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינן šˀynn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
not
being cautious
זהיר zhyr: cautious, attentive
זהירות zhyrwt
זהיר zhyr: cautious, attentive
being cautious
when wandering about,
ב־ b-: in; נוד nwd: wander about
בנדה bndh
ב־ b-: in; נדה ndh: menstruation
in menstruation,
and being slain
ב־ b-: in; חלל ḥll: beheaded, slain
ובחלה wbḥlh
ב־ b-: with; חלה ḥlh: cake, loaf
and with [making] cakes [???],
[after] kindling
ב־ b-: in; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
ובהדלקת wbhdlqt
ב־ b-: in; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
and in kindling
[the anger] of the servants.
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
the lamp [on Sabbath].
Shabbat 2:7.a
Encrypted: [There are] three things [that] needs a man to say [ask oneself] in the middle among the multitudes [before] a war [about] the people who are poor [subjects]: Have you stirred them up? Have you confounded them? [If so, one can] kindle the servants [for war].
Official: [There are] three things [that] needs a man to say in the middle of his house [on] the evening [to] the Sabbath [to] the relatives [when it is getting] dark: Have you tithed [the tithes]? Have you pledged [the pledges]? [If so, one can] kindle the lamp [for Sabbath].
[There are] three
שלש šlš: three
שלשה šlšh
שלש šlš: three
[There are] three
things
דבר dbr: thing
דברים dbrym
דבר dbr: thing
things
[that] needs
צרך ṣrk: need, require
צריך ṣryk
צרך ṣrk: need, require
[that] needs
a man
אדם ˀdm: man
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man
to say [ask oneself]
ל־ l-: to; אמר ˀmr: say
לומר lwmr
ל־ l-: to; אמר ˀmr: say
to say
in the middle
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
בתוך btwk
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
in the middle
among
בית byt: between, among
ביתו bytw
בית byt: house
of his house
the multitudes
ערב ˁrb: mixed multitude
ערב ˁrb
ערב ˁrb: evening
[on] the evening
[before] a war
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
[to] the Sabbath
[about] the people
עם ˁm: crowd, people
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: kinsman, relative
[to] the relatives
who are poor [subjects]:
חשוך ḥšwk: dark, reduced, poor
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
[when it is getting] dark:
Have you stirred them up?
סער sˁr: rage, stir up, excited, troubled; ־ם -m: them
עשרתם ˁšrtm
עשר ˁšr: tithe; ־ם -m: them
Have you tithed [the tithes]?
Have you confounded them?
ערבב ˁrbb: mix up, confound, disturb
ערבתם ˁrbtm
ערב ˁrb: vouch, pledge; ־ם -m: them
Have you pledged [the pledges]?
[If so, one can] kindle
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
הדליקו hdlyqw
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
[If so, one can] kindle
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
the servants [for war].
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
the lamp [for Sabbath].
If there’s doubt as to safety, one mustn’t stir the masses in one’s real identity.
Shabbat 2:7.b
Encrypted: [If there is] doubt [whether they can] be controlled, [and there is] doubt [whether they can] not be controlled, [then one may] not stir [them] up [in one’s] real [identity, and [one may] not immerse [oneself] [in] the multitudes, and [one may] not [personally] kindle the servants [for war].
Official: [If there is] doubt [whether it] is dark [and there is] doubt [whether it] is not dark, [then one may] not tithe certainly [not tithed fruit], and [one may] not immerse the [ritual] vessels [in water], and [one may] not kindle the lamp [for Sabbath].
[If there is] doubt
ספק spq: doubt
ספק spq
ספק spq: doubt
[If there is] doubt
[whether they can] be controlled,
חסך ḥsk: save, protect, restrain, control
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
[whether it] is dark
[and there is] doubt
ספק spq: doubt
ספק spq
ספק spq: doubt
[and there is] doubt
[whether they can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[whether it] is not
be controlled,
חסך ḥsk: save, protect, restrain, control
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
dark,
[then one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[then one may] not
stir [them] up
מ־ m-: of; סער sˁr: rage, stir up, excited, troubled
מעשרין mˁšryn
מ־ m-: of; עשר ˁšr: tithe
tithe
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[in one’s] real [identity,
ודאי wdˀy: certain, real, surely
הודאי hwdˀy
ודאי wdˀy: certain, real, surely
certainly [not tithed fruit],
and [one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [one may] not
immerse [oneself]
מ־ m-: of; טבילה ṭbylh: dipping, immersion
מטבילין mṭbylyn
מ־ m-: of; טבילה ṭbylh: dipping, immersion
immerse
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[in] the multitudes,
קהל qhl: multitude
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
the [ritual] vessels [in water],
and [one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [one may] not
[personally] kindle
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
the servants [for war].
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנרות hnrwt
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
the lamp [for Sabbath].
Shabbat 2:7.c
Encrypted: But [one may] stir [them] up [in] disguise, and [one may] confound [them] [in] concealment [as one of] the crowds.
Official: But [one may] tithe [fruits] suspected [to be untithed], and [one may] pledge, and store away the hot water [for Sabbath].
But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But
[one may] stir [them] up
סער sˁr: rage, stir up, excited, troubled
מעשרין mˁšryn
מ־ m-: of; עשר ˁšr: tithe
[one may] tithe
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[in] disguise,
דמי dmy: similar, disguise
הדמאי hdmˀy
דמאי dmˀy: suspicion, fruits suspected untithed
[fruits] suspected [to be untithed],
and [one may] confound [them]
ערבב ˁrbb: mix up, confound, disturb
ומערבין wmˁrbyn
ערב ˁrb: vouch, pledge
and [one may] pledge,
[in] concealment
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
וטומנין wṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
and store away
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[as one of] the crowds.
המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, people, population
החמין hḥmyn
חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
the hot water [for Sabbath].
Harshness can be covered-up with excuses, but arrogant oppression needs a mask.
Shabbat 3:1.a
Encrypted: [If] a lord has problems with [his] harshness or with [his] taxes, [then one may] place above him a pretense [like a war]. [But if he has problems] with arrogance or with [open] oppression, [then one may] not place [anything on top of that] until [it] is cleaned up, or until [one] places a [complete] mask [on him].
Official: [If] a portable stove was made to burn with straw or with rakings, [then one may] place above it a cooking [pot with food?]. [But if it was lit] with turf or with wood, [then one may] not place [anything on top] until [it] is sweeped, or until [one] places ashes [on the fire to extinguish it?].
[If] a lord
קיר qyr: lord, leader
כירה kyrh
כירה kyrh: portable stove
[If] a portable stove
has problems
ש־ š-: make; עסק ˁsq: issue, problem, difficult, troublesome
שהסיקוה šhsyqwh
ש־ š-: make; אסקו ˀsqw: burning
was made to burn
with [his] harshness
ב־ b-: with; קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
בקש bqš
ב־ b-: with; קש qš: straw, stubble
with straw
or with [his] taxes,
ב־ b-: with; גבי gby: collect, tax, confiscate, fine
ובגבבא wbgbbˀ
ב־ b-: with; גבבה gbbh: straw, stubble, rakings, rubbish
or with rakings,
[then one may] place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותנים nwtnym
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[then one may] place
above him
על ˁl: upon, above
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: upon, above
above it
a pretense [like a war].
ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
תבשיל tbšyl
ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
a cooking [pot with food?].
[But if he has problems] with arrogance
ב־ b-: with; גבהות gbhwt: pride, haughtiness
בגפת bgpt
ב־ b-: with; גפת gpt: peat, turf
[But if it was lit] with turf
or with [open] oppression,
ב־ b-: with; עצי ˁṣy: oppression, force, rob, defraud
ובעצים wbˁṣym
ב־ b-: with; עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood
or with wood,
[then one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[then one may] not
place [anything on top of that]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place [anything on top]
until
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
until
[it] is cleaned up,
ש־ š-: make; גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
שיגרף šygrp
ש־ š-: make; גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
[it] is sweeped,
or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or
until
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
until
[one] places
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give, place, put
שיתן šytn
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give, place, put
[one] places
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
a [complete] mask [on him].
אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
האפר hˀpr
אפר ˀpr: ashes
ashes [on the fire to extinguish it?].
Shabbat 3:1.b
Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: [One can still] confuse / the crowds [?], but not [with simple?] pretense. The school of Hillel say: [One can still] confuse / the crowds [?], [even with?] pretense.
Official: The school of Shammai say: [One may place] hot water [on it], but [one may] not cook [food?]. The school of Hillel say: [One may place] hot water [on it], [and also] cook [on it].
The school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The school
of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One can still] confuse / the crowds [?],
המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
חמין ḥmyn
חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
[One may place] hot water [on it],
but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but
not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not
[with simple?] pretense.
ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
תבשיל tbšyl
ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
cook [food?].
The school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
The school
of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One can still] confuse / the crowds [?],
המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
חמין ḥmyn
חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
[One may place] hot water [on it],
[even with?] pretense.
ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
ותבשיל wtbšyl
ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
[and also] cook [on it].
Shabbat 3:1.c
Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: [One can] remove [an unpopular ruler], but [one may] not restore [him]. The school of Hillel say: [One may] even restore [him].
Official: The school of Shammai say: [One may] remove [a pot on Sabbath?], but [one may] not return [it]. The school of Hillel say: [One may] even return [it].
The school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The school
of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One can] remove [an unpopular ruler],
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטלין nwṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[One may] remove [a pot on Sabbath?],
but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but
[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not
restore [him].
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
מחזירין mḥzyryn
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
return [it].
The school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
The school
of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One may] even
אף ˀp: also, even
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: also, even
[One may] even
restore [him].
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
מחזירין mḥzyryn
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
return [it].
If the subjects are already troublesome, don’t place anyone near them.
Shabbat 3:2.a
Encrypted: [If] the servants are [already] troublesome with [imposed] harshness or with [imposed] taxes, [one may] not place [anyone] among the oppressed, [or] at [any place] near [them].
Official: [If] an oven was made to burn with straw or with rakings, [one may] not place [anything] in the middle [or] on the top.
[If] the servants
ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
תנור tnwr
תנור tnwr: stove, oven
[If] an oven
are [already] troublesome
ש־ š-: make; עסק ˁsq: issue, problem, difficult, troublesome
שהסיקוהו šhsyqwhw
ש־ š-: make; אסקו ˀsqw: burning
was made to burn
with [imposed] harshness
ב־ b-: with; קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
בקש bqš
ב־ b-: with; קש qš: straw, stubble
with straw
or with [imposed] taxes,
ב־ b-: with; גבי gby: collect, tax, confiscate, fine
ובגבבא wbgbbˀ
ב־ b-: with; גבבה gbbh: straw, stubble, rakings, rubbish
or with rakings,
[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not
place [anyone]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place [anything]
among
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
in
the oppressed,
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
מתוכו mtwkw
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle, inside
the middle
[or]
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
[or]
at
מ־ m-: from, of; על ˁl: upon, above
מעל mˁl
מ־ m-: from, of; על ˁl: upon, above
on
[any place] near [them].
גב gb: near, next to
גביו gbyw
גב gb: back, top
the top.
Shabbat 3:2.b
Encrypted: [If] the oppressed are [already] troublesome with [imposed] harshness or with [imposed] taxes, [in all] aspects this [is] like a lord [having problems] with arrogance or with [open] oppression, [in all] aspects it [is] [very] visible [?].
Official: [If] a large [lamp???] was made to burn with straw or with rakings, [in all] aspects this [is] like a portable stove [lit] with turf or with wood, [in all] aspects it [is] like an oven.
[If] the oppressed
קפח qpḥ: oppress, overwhelm, rob; כפה kph: subdue, force, compel
כפח kpḥ
קפח / כפח qpḥ / kpḥ: very tall
[If] a large [lamp???]
are [already] troublesome
ש־ š-: make; עסק ˁsq: issue, problem, difficult, troublesome
שהסיקוהו šhsyqwhw
ש־ š-: make; אסקו ˀsqw: burning
was made to burn
with [imposed] harshness
ב־ b-: with; קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
בקש bqš
ב־ b-: with; קש qš: straw, stubble
with straw
or with [imposed] taxes,
ב־ b-: with; גבי gby: collect, tax, confiscate, fine
ובגבבא wbgbbˀ
ב־ b-: with; גבבה gbbh: straw, stubble, rakings, rubbish
or with rakings,
[in all] aspects
הרי hry: aspect, case
הרי hry
הרי hry: aspect, case
[in all] aspects
this [is]
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
this [is]
like a lord
כ־ k-: as, like; קיר qyr: lord, leader
ככירים kkyrym
כ־ k-: as, like; כירה kyrh: portable stove
like a portable stove
[having problems] with arrogance
ב־ b-: with; גבהות gbhwt: pride, haughtiness
בגפת bgpt
ב־ b-: with; גפת gpt: peat, turf
[lit] with turf
or with [open] oppression,
ב־ b-: with; עצי ˁṣy: oppression, force, rob, defraud
ובעצים wbˁṣym
ב־ b-: with; עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood
or with wood,
[in all] aspects
הרי hry: aspect, case
הרי hry
הרי hry: aspect, case
[in all] aspects
it [is]
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
it [is]
[very] visible [?].
כ־ k-: as, like; ת־ t-: of; נראה nrˀh: visible
כתנור ktnwr
כ־ k-: as, like; תנור tnwr: stove, oven
like an oven.
One may not place exposed people near the subjects.
Shabbat 3:3.a
Encrypted: [One may] not place [someone who] was found out at [their] side [in full] sight for the sake of revealing [him]. And [one may] not break open the arrangements. But lord Yose permits [it].
Official: [One may] not place an egg at the side of a vessel [with hot water] for the sake of rolling it [to cook each side]. And [one may] not break [it] into a [hot?] kerchief [to cook it]. But rabbi Yose permits [it].
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place
[someone who] was found out
בצי bṣy: strip, found out, understood
ביצה byṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
an egg
at [their] side
ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
בצד bṣd
ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
at the side
[in full] sight
מחמי mḥmy: sight, appearance, vision
המחם hmḥm
מחם mḥm: bronze water vessel
of a vessel [with hot water]
for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for the sake of
revealing [him].
ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; גלגל glgl: revealed
שתתגלגל šttglgl
ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; גלגל glgl: roll, turn
rolling it [to cook each side].
And [one may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And [one may] not
break open
פקע pqˁ: split, break, burst, crack
יפקיענה ypqyˁnh
פקע pqˁ: split, break, burst, crack
break [it]
the arrangements.
ב־ b-: in; סדר sdr: arrange, arrangement
בסודרין bswdryn
ב־ b-: in; סודר swdr: scarf, kerchief
into a [hot?] kerchief [to cook it].
But lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi
Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose
permits [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it].
Shabbat 3:3.b
Encrypted: But [one may also] not conceal [things] with a pierced [leak] or with [someone] found out [among] the leaders, for the sake of protecting [them?].
Official: And [one may also] not store [the egg?] in [hot?] sand or in [hot?] dust of the road for the sake of roasting [it].
But [one may also] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And [one may also] not
conceal [things]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
יטמיננה yṭmynnh
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
store [the egg?]
with a pierced [leak]
ב־ b-: with; חלל ḥll: split, pierce, bore, hollow
בחל bḥl
ב־ b-: in; חל ḥl: sand, dust
in [hot?] sand
or with [someone] found out
ב־ b-: with; בקא bqˀ: search, investigate, examine, find out
ובאבק wbˀbq
ב־ b-: in; אבק ˀbq: dust, powder
or in [hot?] dust
[among] the leaders,
דרך drk: lead
דרכים drkym
דרך drk: road, path, way
of the road
for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for the sake of
protecting [them?].
ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; אצל ˀṣl: protect, spare, lay aside
שתצלה štṣlh
ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; צלה ṣlh: roast
roasting [it].
There were incidents, so don’t overdo it like you would during peace.
Shabbat 3:4.a
Encrypted: [There was] an incident which did the [common?] men of Tiberias: They uncovered [?] despised [people?] of the secret [agents?] in the middle of the people of the crowds [and roughed them up?].
Official: [There was] a deed which did the men of Tiberias: They brought a pipe for cold [water] through the middle of a river [of a spring?] of hot water [so they’d have hot water on Sabbath].
[There was] an incident
מעשה mˁšh: event, incident
מעשה mˁšh
מעשה mˁšh: deed, act
[There was] a deed
which did
ש־ š-: which; עשה ˁšh: do, act, make
שעשו šˁšw
ש־ š-: which; עשה ˁšh: do, act, make
which did
the [common?] men
אנש ˀnš: man
אנשי ˀnšy
אנש ˀnš: man
the men
of Tiberias:
טבריא ṭbryˀ: Tiberias
טבריא ṭbryˀ
טבריא ṭbryˀ: Tiberias
of Tiberias:
They uncovered [?]
בעה bˁh: investigation, uncover
והביאו whbyˀw
בוא bwˀ: come, bring
They brought
despised [people?]
סלי sly: reject, despise; ־ן -n: (suffix)
סלון slwn
סילון sylwn: gutter, duct, pipe, tube
a pipe
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
for
the secret [agents?]
צנע ṣnˁ: secret, hidden; עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force; ־ין -yn: (plural)
צונן ṣwnn
צנון ṣnwn: cold
cold [water]
in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
through the middle
of the people
אמה ˀmh: clan, tribe, people
אמה ˀmh
אמה ˀmh: river-arm, canal
of a river [of a spring?]
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
the crowds [and roughed them up?].
המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
חמין ḥmyn
חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
hot water [so they’d have hot water on Sabbath].
Shabbat 3:4.b
Encrypted: [But] said to them the advisors: When [stirred up?] for a war, [then they are] like multitudes angered in a war, [and it] is forbidden to trust [them] or to [further] entice [them].
Official: [But] said to them the advisors: When [it passed through] on Sabbath, [then it is] like hot water heated on Sabbath, [and it] is forbidden for washing and for drinking.
[But] said
אמר ˀmr: say
אמרו ˀmrw
אמר ˀmr: say
[But] said
to them
ל־ l-: to; הן hn: they
להן lhn
ל־ l-: to; הן hn: they
to them
the advisors:
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
חכמים ḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
the advisors:
When [stirred up?]
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
When [it passed through]
for a war,
ב־ b-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,
[then they are] like multitudes
כ־ k-: as, like; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
כחמין kḥmyn
כ־ k-: as, like; חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
[then it is] like hot water
angered
ש־ š-: make; חמה ḥmh: anger, rage, fury
שהוחמו šhwḥmw
ש־ š-: make; חם ḥm: warm, hot
heated
in a war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,
[and it] is forbidden
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסורין ˀswryn
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
[and it] is forbidden
to trust [them]
ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: lean on, rely, trust, be safe
ברחיצה brḥyṣh
ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
for washing
or to [further] entice [them].
ב־ b-: for; סות swt: instigate, entice
ובשתיה wbštyh
ב־ b-: for; שתי šty: drink
and for drinking.
Shabbat 3:4.c
Encrypted: [But when stirred up?] in times [that are] pleasant [& peaceful], [they are] like multitudes angered in times [that are] pleasant [& peaceful], [and it] is forbidden to trust [them], but permitted to [further] entice [them].
Official: [But if it passed through] on a day joyful [of a festival], [it is] like hot water heated on a day joyful [of a festival], [and it] is forbidden for washing, but permitted for drinking.
[But when stirred up?] in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
[But if it passed through] on a day
[that are] pleasant [& peaceful],
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival],
[they are] like multitudes
כ־ k-: as, like; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
כחמין kḥmyn
כ־ k-: as, like; חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
[it is] like hot water
angered
ש־ š-: make; חמה ḥmh: anger, rage, fury
שהוחמו šhwḥmw
ש־ š-: make; חם ḥm: warm, hot
heated
in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on a day
[that are] pleasant [& peaceful],
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival],
[and it] is forbidden
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסורין ˀswryn
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
[and it] is forbidden
to trust [them],
ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: lean on, rely, trust, be safe
ברחיצה brḥyṣh
ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
for washing,
but permitted
נתר ntr: free, permit
ומתרין wmtryn
נתר ntr: free, permit
but permitted
to [further] entice [them].
ב־ b-: for; סות swt: instigate, entice
בשתיה bštyh
ב־ b-: for; שתי šty: drink
for drinking.
Soldiers can be reliably stirred up for war, but not regular subjects.
Shabbat 3:4.d
Encrypted: [As for] the lower [classes?], [if they are] soldiers, [one can] entice [them] reliably for war. [But as for] the oppressed [?], even though by theory [they are also like?] soldiers, [one may] not [always] entice [them?].
Official: [As for] a cauldron, [if it] was swept, [one may] drink [from it] reliably [??] on Sabbath. [But as for] an Antiochian vessel [???], even though by theory [it can also] be swept, [one may] not drink from [it].
[As for] the lower [classes?],
מ־ m-: of; לרע lrˁ: below
מוליאר mwlyˀr
מוליאר mwlyˀr: miliarium, cauldron
[As for] a cauldron,
[if they are] soldiers,
קרב qrb: battle, soldier
הגרוף hgrwp
גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
[if it] was swept,
[one can] entice [them]
סות swt: instigate, entice
שותין šwtyn
שתי šty: drink
[one may] drink [from it]
reliably
הימן hymn: reliable, trust
הימנו hymnw
הימן hymn: reliable, trust
reliably [??]
for war.
ב־ b-: in, for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.
[But as for] the oppressed [?],
נ־ n-: make; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
אנטיכי ˀnṭyky
אנטיכי ˀnṭyky: Antiochian vessel, cooking instrument
[But as for] an Antiochian vessel [???],
even though
אף ˀp: even, though
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even, though
even though
by
על ˁl: about, to
על ˁl
על ˁl: about, to
by
theory
פה ph: speech, saying, command
פי py
פה ph: speech, saying, command
theory
[they are also like?] soldiers,
ש־ š-: which; קרב qrb: battle, soldier
שגרופה šgrwph
ש־ š-: make; גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
[it can also] be swept,
[one may] not [always]
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not
entice
סות swt: instigate, entice
שותין šwtyn
שתי šty: drink
drink
[them?].
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
ממנה mmnh
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
from [it].
Do not place agents with guards to make them angry, just to temper them.
Shabbat 3:5.a
Encrypted: [As for] fortification [garrisons?] which are at leisure [not at war?], [one may] not place in [their] middle secret [agents?] for the sake of making [them] angry. But [one may] place them into [their] middle or into the middle of a covered [operation?], when [it’s just] to temper [them].
Official: [As for] a vessel that was emptied [but is still warm?], [one may] not place in [its] middle cold [water] for the sake of heating [it]. But [one may] place it into [its] middle or into the middle of a cup, when [it’s just] to make [it] tepid [but not hot].
[As for] fortification [garrisons?]
מ־ m-: of; חומה ḥwmh: surround, protect, wall, fortification
המחם hmḥm
מחם mḥm: bronze water vessel
[As for] a vessel
which are at leisure [not at war?],
ש־ š-: which; פנאי pnˀy: vacancy, spare time, leisure
שפנהו špnhw
ש־ š-: which; פני pny: turn, free, empty
that was emptied [but is still warm?],
[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not
place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place
in [their] middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכו ltwkw
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in [its] middle
secret [agents?]
צנע ṣnˁ: guarded, secret, hidden
צונן ṣwnn
צנון ṣnwn: cold
cold [water]
for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for the sake of
making [them] angry.
ש־ š-: make; חמה ḥmh: anger, rage, fury
שיחמו šyḥmw
ש־ š-: make; חם ḥm: warm, hot
heating [it].
But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But
[one may] place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[one may] place
them
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
it
into [their] middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכו ltwkw
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into [its] middle
or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or
into the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle
of a covered [operation?],
כסוי kswy: cover, clothing, veil
הכוס hkws
כוס kws: cup
of a cup,
when [it’s just]
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when [it’s just]
to temper [them].
ל־ l-: to; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
להפשירן lhpšyrn
ל־ l-: to; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
to make [it] tepid [but not hot].
Do not place agents with armed warriors in violent contexts.
Shabbat 3:5.b
Encrypted: [As for] armed warriors, or guards that were made angry [with] excitement, [one may] not place into [their] middle confusion [agents?], but [one may] place them into the middle of a covered [operation?] or into the middle of a surprise [operation?].
Official: [As for] a stew-pot, or a pot that was removed [while] boiling, [one may] not place into [its] middle spices, but [one may] place them into the middle of a dish or into the middle of a charity plate.
[As for] armed warriors,
לבש lbš: clothe, put on armour, armed warrior
האלפס hˀlps
אלפס ˀlps: lopas, pan, stew-pot
[As for] a stew-pot,
or guards
גדר gdr: guarded, trained
והקדרה whqdrh
קדר qdr: pot
or a pot
that were made angry
ש־ š-: which; עבר ˁbr: become angry, become furious
שהעבירן šhˁbyrn
ש־ š-: which; עבר ˁbr: take away, remove
that was removed
[with] excitement,
מ־ m-: of; רתח rtḥ: excited, indignant, trouble, anger
מרתחין mrtḥyn
מ־ m-: of; רתח rtḥ: hot, boil over
[while] boiling,
[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not
place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place
into [their] middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכן ltwkn
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into [its] middle
confusion [agents?],
תבל tbl: mixture, confusion
תבלין tblyn
תבל tbl: spice, season
spices,
but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but
[one may] place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[one may] place
them
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
them
into the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle
of a covered [operation?]
קרה qrh: cover, close
הקערה hqˁrh
קערה qˁrh: dish, platter
of a dish
or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or
into the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle
of a surprise [operation?].
תמה tmh: astonished, stun, stupid, surprise
התמחוי htmḥwy
תמחוי tmḥwy: charity plate, tray
of a charity plate.
Shabbat 3:5.c
Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: Into all [contexts] [can] they be placed, except [with] things where there is in them [real] violence or trouble.
Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: Into all [vessels] [can] they be placed, except [with] things where there is in them vinegar or brine.
Lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
Into all [contexts]
ל־ l-: to; כל kl: all
לכל lkl
ל־ l-: to; כל kl: all
Into all [vessels]
[can] they
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
[can] they
be placed,
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
be placed,
except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except
[with] things
מ־ m-: of; דבר dbr: thing
מדבר mdbr
מ־ m-: of; דבר dbr: thing
[with] things
where there is
ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
שיש šyš
ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
where there is
in them
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
in them
[real] violence
חמס ḥms: heated, passionate, insult, violence, rob
חמץ ḥmṣ
חמץ ḥmṣ: sour, vinegar
vinegar
or trouble.
צער ṣˁr: trouble; צערה ṣˁrh: distress
וציר wṣyr
ציר ṣyr: juice, brine
or brine.
Be careful when assembling commoners into troops, they’re not trained.
Shabbat 3:6.a
Encrypted: [One may] not put into place a crowd [of laymen] instead of [military??] servants to assign into it the trouble-makers [??]. But if [one] places [them] while [they are still] confused [??], then [it] is permitted.
Official: [One may] not place a vessel under a lamp to receive in it the oil [dripping from the lamp?]. But if [one] places [it] while [it is still] day [before Sabbath], then [it] is permitted.
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
put into place
נתן ntn: assign, appoint, designate
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place
a crowd [of laymen]
קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde; קהלי qhly: layman
כלי kly
כלי kly: object, vessel
a vessel
instead of
תחת tḥt: instead of
תחת tḥt
תחת tḥt: below, under
under
[military??] servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant, physically able young man
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp
to assign
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: receive, accept, take, assign
לקבל lqbl
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
to receive
into it
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
in it
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
the trouble-makers [??].
שעממן šˁmmn: troublesome person; שעמום šˁmwm: idiot
השמן hšmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
the oil [dripping from the lamp?].
But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if
[one] places [them]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותנו nwtnw
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[one] places [it]
while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while
[they are still] confused [??],
עועים ˁwˁym: confusion
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
[it is still] day [before Sabbath],
then [it] is permitted.
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתר mtr
נתר ntr: permit, free
then [it] is permitted.
Shabbat 3:6.b
Encrypted: But [it is] not suitable [to use any] from them [for actual attacks?], because [they are] not from [well] prepared [troops].
Official: But [it is] not suitable [to use any] from it [on Sabbath?], because [it is] not from [the oil that] was prepared.
But [it is] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
But [it is] not
suitable
נאות nˀwt: suitable, fit, proper
נאותין nˀwtyn
נאות nˀwt: suitable, fit, proper
suitable
[to use any] from them [for actual attacks?],
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
ממנו mmnw
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
[to use any] from it [on Sabbath?],
because
לפי lpy: according to, because
לפי lpy
לפי lpy: according to, because
because
[they are] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
[it is] not
from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from
[well] prepared [troops].
מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
המוכן hmwkn
מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
[the oil that] was prepared.
For wars, use new hoaxes, not old ones.
Shabbat 3:6.c
Encrypted: [As for] confusing the servants [for war], [one may use] a new [hoax], but not an old one.
Official: [As for] moving a lamp [on Sabbath], [one may move] a new [lamp], but not an old one.
[As for] confusing
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: unsteady, confuse
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
[As for] moving
the servants [for war],
נער nˁr: boy, servant
נר nr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp [on Sabbath],
[one may use] a new [hoax],
חדש ḥdš: new
חדש ḥdš
חדש ḥdš: new
[one may move] a new [lamp],
but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but
not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
an old one.
ישן yšn: old
ישן yšn
ישן yšn: old
an old one.
Shabbat 3:6.d
Encrypted: Lord Simeon says: All servants [can] be confused [even with old hoaxes?], except for servants that were kindled [before] for war [and know actual war?].
Official: Rabbi Simeon says: All lamps [may] be moved [even old ones], except for a lamp that was kindled on Sabbath.
Lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
Simeon
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All
servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנרות hnrwt
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
lamps
[can] be confused [even with old hoaxes?],
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: unsteady, confuse
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
[may] be moved [even old ones],
except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except
for
מן mn: of, from
מן mn
מן mn: of, from
for
servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp
that were kindled [before]
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
הדולק hdwlq
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
that was kindled
for war [and know actual war?].
ב־ b-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.
One can assemble the angriest commoners into troops.
Shabbat 3:6.e
Encrypted: [One may] assign a crowd [of laymen] instead of [military??] servants to [specially] assign the angry [ones to get rid of them?], but [one may] not place in [their] middle [important?] people, because they [could] be extinguished.
Official: [One may] place a vessel under a lamp to receive blazing [sparks from the lamp], but [one may] not place in [its] middle water, because it [would] extinguish [the sparks].
[One may] assign
נתן ntn: assign, appoint, designate
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[One may] place
a crowd [of laymen]
קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde; קהלי qhly: layman
כלי kly
כלי kly: object, vessel
a vessel
instead of
תחת tḥt: instead of
תחת tḥt
תחת tḥt: below, under
under
[military??] servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant, physically able young man
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp
to [specially] assign
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: receive, accept, take, assign
לקבל lqbl
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
to receive
the angry [ones to get rid of them?],
נאץ nˀṣ: angry, bold, indignant
ניצוצות nyṣwṣwt
נצץ nṣṣ: blossom, blaze
blazing [sparks from the lamp],
but [one may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
but [one may] not
place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place
in [their] middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכו ltwkw
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in [its] middle
[important?] people,
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water,
because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because
they
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
it
[could] be extinguished.
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
מכבה mkbh
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
[would] extinguish [the sparks].
One cannot conceal the motives of a war with mere words.
Shabbat 4:1.a
Encrypted: With what [may one] conceal [one’s motives in a war] and with what [may one] not conceal [them]? [One may] not conceal [them with these]: Not with [mere] talk, not with [mere] rubbish, not with [mere] speech, not with [mere] whitewashing, not with [mere] foolery, whether fresh or dull.
Official: With what [may one] preserve [heat] and with what [may one] not preserve [heat]? [One may] not preserve [heat with these]: Not with turf, not with dung, not not not with sand, whether moist or dry.
With what [may one]
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
במה bmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
With what [may one]
conceal [one’s motives in a war]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
preserve [heat]
and with what [may one]
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
and with what [may one]
not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
not
conceal [them]?
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
preserve [heat]?
[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not
conceal [them with these]:
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
preserve [heat with these]:
Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not
with [mere] talk,
ב־ b-: with; גבבת gbbt: loquacity, worthless talk, trash
בגפת bgpt
ב־ b-: with; גפת gpt: peat, turf
with turf,
not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with [mere] rubbish,
ב־ b-: with; זבל zbl: shit; זבלא zblˀ: rubbish
בזבל bzbl
ב־ b-: with; זבל zbl: dung, manure
with dung,
not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with [mere] speech,
ב־ b-: with; מלה mlh: word, speech
במלח bmlḥ
ב־ b-: with; מלח mlḥ: salt
not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with [mere] whitewashing,
ב־ b-: with; סידא sydˀ: plaster, whitewash
בסיד bsyd
ב־ b-: with; סידא sydˀ: plaster
not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with [mere] foolery,
ב־ b-: with; הלל hll: fool, foolish
בחל bḥl
ב־ b-: with; חל ḥl: sand
with sand,
whether
בין byn: among
בין byn
בין byn: among
whether
fresh
לח lḥ: fresh, new
לחים lḥym
לח lḥ: moist
moist
or
בין byn: among
בין byn
בין byn: among
or
dull.
יבש ybš: dry, boring, dull
יבשים ybšym
יבש ybš: dry
dry.
One can conceal the motives of a war only with very robust mockery.
Shabbat 4:1.b
Encrypted: [Also] not with [mere] pretense, not with [mere] presentations, not with [mere] mockery, not with [mere] forgery, [even] in a time when it is fresh. But [one can] conceal [one’s motives in a war] with them when they are [really] irrefutable.
Official: [Also] not with straw, not with the pomace of grapes [???], not with , not with grass in a time when it is moist. But [one may] preserve [heat] with them when they are dry.
[Also] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[Also] not
with [mere] pretense,
ב־ b-: with; תבען tbˁn: clamorer, pretender
בתבן btbn
ב־ b-: with; תבן tbn: stubble, straw
with straw,
not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with [mere] presentations,
ב־ b-: with; יצג yṣg: present, represent
בזגים bzgym
ב־ b-: with; זג zg: pomace of grapes
with the pomace of grapes [???],
not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with [mere] mockery,
ב־ b-: with; מוק mwq: soft, sneer, mock
במוכים bmwkym
ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: hackled wool, soft substance
with ,
not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
with [mere] forgery,
ב־ b-: with; זיף zyp: forgery, counterfeit
בעשבים bˁšbym
ב־ b-: with; עשב ˁšb: herb, grass
with grass
[even] in a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
in a time
when it
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
when it
is fresh.
לח lḥ: fresh, new
לחים lḥym
לח lḥ: moist
is moist.
But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But
[one can] conceal [one’s motives in a war]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
[one may] preserve [heat]
with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them
when they
כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
כשהן kšhn
כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
when they
are [really] irrefutable.
יצב yṣb: validate, certain; יציב yṣyb: irrefutable, well-established
יבשין ybšyn
יבש ybš: dry
are dry.
One needs secret agents & hoaxes, either subtle or huge.
Shabbat 4:1.c
Encrypted: [One can] conceal [one’s motives in a war] with a cover-up, and with a mask, and with the cover of a hoax, and with the secrecy of secret [agents], and with a stirring of the ordinary [folk] that is subtle.
Official: [One may] preserve [heat] with cloth, with produce, with the wings [??] of a dove [???], with the sawdust of a carpenter, and with shaken-off [chaff] of flax that is fine.
[One can] conceal [one’s motives in a war]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
[One may] preserve [heat]
with a cover-up,
ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: secretly, conceal, cover, hide
בכסות bkswt
ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: clothe oneself
with cloth,
and with a mask,
ב־ b-: with; אפר ˀpr: bandage, cover, mask
ובפרות wbprwt
ב־ b-: with; פרי pry: fruit, produce
with produce,
and with the cover
ב־ b-: with; כנף knp: cover, hidden
בכנפי bknpy
ב־ b-: with; כנף knp: wing
with the wings [??]
of a hoax,
אונאה ˀwnˀh: deception, fraudulent representation, hoax
יונה ywnh
יונה ywnh: dove
of a dove [???],
and with the secrecy
ב־ b-: with; נצר nṣr: watch, guard, keep secret
ובנסרת wbnsrt
ב־ b-: with; נסר nsr: saw
with the sawdust
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
secret [agents],
חרש ḥrš: silent, silently, secretly
חרשים ḥršym
חרש ḥrš: artisan, carpenter
a carpenter,
and with a stirring
ב־ b-: with; נער nˁr: shake, stir
ובנערת wbnˁrt
ב־ b-: with; נער nˁr: shake off
and with shaken-off [chaff]
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
the ordinary [folk]
פשוט pšwṭ: simple, ordinary, usual
פשתן pštn
פשתה pšth: flax, linen
flax
that is subtle.
דקדוק dqdwq: subtlety, fine point
דקה dqh
דק dq: thin, fine
that is fine.
Shabbat 4:1.d
Encrypted: Lord Yehudah prohibits [it] with [too] subtle [hoaxes], but permits [it] with huge [ones].
Official: Rabbi Yehudah prohibits [it] with fine [chaff], but permits [it] with coarse [chaff].
Lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah
prohibits [it]
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אוסר ˀwsr
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
prohibits [it]
with [too] subtle [hoaxes],
דקדוק dqdwq: subtlety, fine point
בדקה bdqh
ב־ b-: with; דק dq: thin, fine
with fine [chaff],
but permits [it]
נתר ntr: free, permit
ומתיר wmtyr
נתר ntr: free, permit
but permits [it]
with huge [ones].
ב־ b-: with; גס gs: huge, large
בגסה bgsh
ב־ b-: with; גס gs: coarse
with coarse [chaff].
One can let loose troops or marauders, though they are hard to remove.
Shabbat 4:2.a
Encrypted: [One can] conceal [one’s motives in a war] with [secretly?] dispatched [troops], and [can easily] remove them. [Also] with marauders that are let loose, but [one can] not [easily] remove them.
Official: [One may] preserve [heat] with [animal] skins, and [may even] move them. [Also] with fleeces of wool, but [one may] not move them.
[One can] conceal [one’s motives in a war]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
[One may] preserve [heat]
with [secretly?] dispatched [troops],
ב־ b-: with; שלח šlḥ: send off, dispatch; שלוח šlwḥ: messenger
בשלחין bšlḥyn
ב־ b-: with; שלח šlḥ: hide, skin
with [animal] skins,
and [can easily] remove
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
ומטלטלין wmṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
and [may even] move
them.
אות ˀwt: this one
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: this one
them.
[Also] with marauders
ב־ b-: with; גיסא gysˀ: troop, robber, marauder, looter
בגזי bgzy
ב־ b-: with; גז gz: shorn wool, fleece
[Also] with fleeces
that are let loose,
שמר šmr: let loose
צמר ṣmr
צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
of wool,
but [one can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
but [one may] not
[easily] remove
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
move
them.
אות ˀwt: this one
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: this one
them.
Shabbat 4:2.b
Encrypted: [Then] how [does] one act? [One] removes [their] protection, and they [will] fall [by themselves].
Official: [Then] how [does] one act? [One] removes the cover [of the vessel], and they [will] fall down [by themselves].
[Then] how
כיצד kyṣd: how
כיצד kyṣd
כיצד kyṣd: how
[Then] how
[does] one
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
[does] one
act?
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עושה ˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
act?
[One] removes
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[One] removes
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[their] protection,
כסי ksy: protect, protected
הכסוי hkswy
כסי ksy: cover
the cover [of the vessel],
and they
הן hn: they
והן whn
הן hn: they
and they
[will] fall [by themselves].
נפל npl: fell, defeat
נופלות nwplwt
נפל npl: fall
[will] fall down [by themselves].
Shabbat 4:2.c
Encrypted: Lord Eleazar ben Azariah says: The subduing of [the marauders] [must also] happen [?] upon arrangement of removal, lest [they would] be removed [completely] and [one would] not be able to return [them as needed]. And the advisors say: [One can always] remove [them] and return [them].
Official: Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah says: The basket [?] [must be tilted?] downwards on the side to remove [the cover], lest [the wool would] be removed [too], and [one would] not be able to return [it]. And the advisors say: [One may] remove [it] and return [it].
Lord
רבי rby: rabbi
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
Eleazar ben Azariah
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
The subduing of [the marauders]
כפה kph: subdue, force, compel
קפה qph
קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
The basket [?]
[must also] happen [?]
מטה mṭh: reach, arrive at, happen to
מטה mṭh
מטה mṭh: downward, down
[must be tilted?] downwards
upon
על ˁl: on, upon
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, upon
on
arrangement
צדד ṣdd: side with, move aside, arrange
צדה ṣdh
צד ṣd: side, border
the side
of removal,
נטל nṭl: move, remove
ונוטל wnwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
to remove [the cover],
lest
שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
שמא šmˀ
שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
lest
[they would] be removed [completely]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
יטל yṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[the wool would] be removed [too],
and [one would] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואינו wˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [one would] not
be able
יכל ykl: can, able
יכל ykl
יכל ykl: can, able
be able
to return [them as needed].
ל־ l-: to; חזר ḥzr: go back, return
להחזיר lhḥzyr
ל־ l-: to; חזר ḥzr: go back, return
to return [it].
And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
[One can always] remove [them]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[One may] remove [it]
and return [them].
מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: go back, return
ומחזיר wmḥzyr
מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: go back, return
and return [it].
One should conceal the truth before a war, but can still fool the subjects later.
Shabbat 4:2.d
Encrypted: [If one did?] not conceal [the truth] while [it is] time [before a war], [then one can] not [easily] conceal [it] from [after times get] darker. [But if one] concealed [the truth in time?] and [it] was uncovered, [then one] is permitted to conceal [it again]. [One can always] speak to the common populace and exchange [it for other things] instead of [actual] occurrences or instead of the truth.
Official: [If one did?] not cover [a vessel] while [it is] day [before Sabbath], [then one may] not cover [it] from [after it gets] dark. [But if one] covered [the vessel in time?] and uncovered [it], [then one] is permitted to cover [it again on Sabbath]. [One may also] fill a jug and place [it] below a pillow or below a cushion.
[If one did?] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[If one did?] not
conceal [the truth]
כסה ksh: hide, conceal
כסהו kshw
כסה ksh: cover
cover [a vessel]
while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while
[it is] time [before a war],
יום ywm: time
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
[it is] day [before Sabbath],
[then one can] not [easily]
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[then one may] not
conceal [it]
כסה ksh: hide, conceal
יכסנו yksnw
כסה ksh: cover
cover [it]
from [after times get] darker.
מ־ m-: from; ש־ š-: make; חשך ḥšk: darken, obscure
משתחשך mštḥšk
מ־ m-: from; ש־ š-: make; חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
from [after it gets] dark.
[But if one] concealed [the truth in time?]
כסה ksh: hide, conceal
כסהו kshw
כסה ksh: cover
[But if one] covered [the vessel in time?]
and [it] was uncovered,
נ־ n-: make; גלה glh: reveal, expose
ונתגלה wntglh
נ־ n-: make; גלה glh: uncover
and uncovered [it],
[then one] is permitted
נתר ntr: free, permit
מתר mtr
נתר ntr: free, permit
[then one] is permitted
to conceal [it again].
ל־ l-: to; כסה ksh: hide, conceal
לכסותו lkswtw
ל־ l-: to; כסה ksh: cover
to cover [it again on Sabbath].
[One can always] speak
מ־ m-: of; מללא mllˀ: word, speech
ממלא mmlˀ
מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: fill
[One may also] fill
to
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
the common populace
קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
הקיתון hqytwn
קיתון qytwn: kothon, jug, cup
a jug
and exchange [it for other things]
נתן ntn: show, display, exchange for
ונותן wnwtn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
and place [it]
instead of
ל־ l-: to; תחת tḥt: instead of, in place of
לתחת ltḥt
ל־ l-: to; תחת tḥt: below, under
below
[actual] occurrences
קרה qrh: occur, happen
הכר hkr
כר kr: pillow
a pillow
or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or
instead of
תחת tḥt: instead of, in place of
תחת tḥt
תחת tḥt: below, under
below
the truth.
קשט qšṭ: correct, true, truth
הכסת hkst
כסת kst: pillow, cushion
a cushion.
In war, rulers must be surrounded by softies, gay playmates and sycophants.
Shabbat 5:1.a
Encrypted: With which servants [should a ruler personally] go out, and with which [should one] not [personally] go out [for war]? [A ruler may personally] go out with and kind [people] with a [good] temper, and innocent [people] with restraint, and homosexual pathics with [the right military] clothes, and flatterers with sycophantic [attitude].
Official: With which animals [may one] go out, and with which [may one] not go out [on Sabbath]? [One may] go out with a camel with a halter, and a female camel [?] with a muzzle, and a Lybian ass [???] with a halter, and a horse with a chain.
With which
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
במה bmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
With which
servants
בהם bhm: dumb, servants
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
animals
[should a ruler personally] go out,
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may one] go out,
and with which
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
and with which
[should one] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינה ˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
[may one] not
[personally] go out [for war]?
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out
go out [on Sabbath]?
[A ruler may personally] go out with
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצא ywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[One may] go out with
and kind [people]
גמל gml: do good, be kind
הגמל hgml
גמל gml: camel
a camel
with a [good] temper,
ב־ b-: with; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
באפסר bˀpsr
ב־ b-: with; אפסר ˀpsr: halter, tether
with a halter,
and innocent [people]
נקה nqh: clean, innocent
ונאקה wnˀqh
נאקה nˀqh: female camel
and a female camel [?]
with restraint,
ב־ b-: with; חטם ḥṭm: hold, restrain
בחטם bḥṭm
ב־ b-: with; חטם ḥṭm: muzzle
with a muzzle,
and homosexual pathics
ל־ l-: belonging to; פהדיקא phdyqˀ: pathic, homosexual
ולבדקיס wlbdqys
לבדקין lbdqyn: Libyan asses
and a Lybian ass [???]
with [the right military] clothes,
ב־ b-: with; פורמא pwrmˀ: piece of cloth, rag, bandage
בפרמביא bprmbyˀ
ב־ b-: with; פרמביה prmbyh: phorbeia, halter
with a halter,
and flatterers
סוסי swsy: fondle, flatter; שוש šwš: flatter; שויש šwyš: flattery
וסוס wsws
סוס sws: horse
and a horse
with sycophantic [attitude].
ב־ b-: with; שירו šyrw: flatterer, sycophant
בשיר bšyr
ב־ b-: with; שיר šyr: chain
with a chain.
Sexually promiscuous troops can be easily controlled and enjoyed.
Shabbat 5:1.b
Encrypted: And [generally] all [people] with on [them] sexual promiscuity [??] [may] go out [with the ruler] with [their] promiscuous [attitude] and [can] be seduced with [their] promiscuity [??]. And [one can even use] seduction [??] on them and immerse [oneself??] in [their] bodies [??].
Official: And [generally] all [animals] with on [them] a chain [may] go out with the chain and [can] be pulled with the chain. And [one may also] sprinkle [holy water?] on them [the chains?] and immerse [them in holy water?] in [the animal’s?] place.
And [generally] all [people]
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
And [generally] all [animals]
with on [them]
ב־ b-: with; על ˁl: on, upon
בעלי bˁly
ב־ b-: with; על ˁl: on, upon
with on [them]
sexual promiscuity [??]
שרי šry: free, unrestrained, loosened; שריא šryˀ: sexually promiscuous
השיר hšyr
שיר šyr: chain
a chain
[may] go out [with the ruler]
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאים ywṣˀym
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may] go out
with [their] promiscuous [attitude]
ב־ b-: with; שרי šry: free, unrestrained, loosened; שריא šryˀ: sexually promiscuous
בשיר bšyr
ב־ b-: with; שיר šyr: chain
with the chain
and [can] be seduced
נ־ n-: make; משך mšk: attract, carried away, seduced; ממשך mmšk: bait
ונמשכים wnmškym
נ־ n-: make; משך mšk: draw, pull
and [can] be pulled
with [their] promiscuity [??].
ב־ b-: with; שרי šry: free, unrestrained, loosened; שריא šryˀ: sexually promiscuous
בשיר bšyr
ב־ b-: with; שיר šyr: chain
with the chain.
And [one can even use] seduction [??]
מ־ m-: of; נזא nzˀ: coquetry, flirting, seduction
ומזין wmzyn
מ־ m-: of; נזי nzy: sprinkle
And [one may also] sprinkle [holy water?]
on them
על ˁl: on, upon; הן hn: they
עליהן ˁlyhn
על ˁl: on, upon; הן hn: they
on them [the chains?]
and immerse [oneself??]
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
וטובלין wṭwblyn
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
and immerse [them in holy water?]
in [their] bodies [??].
ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; קומה qwmh: stature, body
במקומן bmqwmn
ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; קום qwm: place
in [the animal’s?] place.
All dangerous soldiers must be securely bound to the mockery.
Shabbat 5:2.a
Encrypted: An important [person] [may only] go out [for war] with [very] obedient [personnel], in preparation it [must] be bound to him. The [too] masculine [ones?] [may only] go out [with him] [securely] tied, [common] footsoldiers [may only] go out [with him] separated off [??], [securely] bound and fastened. The insolent [ones] [may only] go out [with him] [securely] bound.
Official: A donkey [may only] go out with a wrapper [???], in preparation it [must] be bound to it [the donkey]. Rams [may only] go out [securely] tied, ewes [may] go out uncovered [?], [securely] bound or fastened. Goats [may only] go out [securely] bound.
An important [person]
חמור ḥmwr: heavy, weighty, important
חמור ḥmwr
חמור ḥmwr: donkey
A donkey
[may only] go out [for war]
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצא ywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may only] go out
with [very] obedient [personnel],
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדע rdˁ: obey, restrain oneself; רדי rdy: subjugate
במרדעת bmrdˁt
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדיד rdyd: large veil, wide wrapper
with a wrapper [???],
in preparation
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: prepare, arrange
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: prepare, arrange
in preparation
it
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
it
[must] be bound
קשר qšr: bind, tie
קשורה qšwrh
קשר qšr: bind, tie
[must] be bound
to him.
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to it [the donkey].
The [too] masculine [ones?]
זכר zkr: male, masculine
זכרים zkrym
זכר zkr: ram
Rams
[may only] go out [with him]
יצא yṣˀ: appear, present, be identified
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may only] go out
[securely] tied,
לבב lbb: join closely, tie, tied around
לבובין lbwbyn
לבב lbb: join closely, tie, tied around
[securely] tied,
[common] footsoldiers
רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
רחלות rḥlwt
רחל rḥl: ewe
ewes
[may only] go out [with him]
יצא yṣˀ: appear, present, be identified
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may] go out
separated off [??],
שחץ šḥṣ: divide off, separate
שחוזות šḥwzwt
שחז šḥz: expose to sight, uncover
uncovered [?],
[securely] bound
כבל kbl: bound, tied, chained
כבולות kbwlwt
כבל kbl: bound, tied, chained
[securely] bound
and fastened.
כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
וכבונות wkbwnwt
כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
or fastened.
The insolent [ones]
עז ˁz: strong, rough, insolent
העזים hˁzym
עז ˁz: goat
Goats
[may only] go out [with him]
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may only] go out
[securely] bound.
צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
צרורות ṣrwrwt
צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
[securely] bound.
Shabbat 5:2.b
Encrypted: Rabbi Yose prohibits [going out] with all, except [with] [common] footsoldiers [that are securely] fastened. Lord Yehudah says: Insolent [soldiers] [may only] go out [securely] bound to the confounding, but [they must] not pierce [through it].
Official: Rabbi Yose prohibits [going out] with all, except [with] ewes [that are securely] fastened. Rabbi Yehudah says: Goats [may only] go out [securely] bound to [have] dry [udders???], but [they may] not [have] milk [???].
Rabbi
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose
prohibits [going out]
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אוסר ˀwsr
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
prohibits [going out]
with all,
ב־ b-: with; כלן kln: all
בכלן bkln
ב־ b-: with; כלן kln: all
with all,
except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except
[with]
מן mn: from, of
מן mn
מן mn: from, of
[with]
[common] footsoldiers
רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
הרחלין hrḥlyn
רחל rḥl: ewe
ewes
[that are securely] fastened.
כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
הכבונות hkbwnwt
כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
[that are securely] fastened.
Lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
Insolent [soldiers]
עז ˁz: strong, rough, insolent
עזים ˁzym
עז ˁz: goat
Goats
[may only] go out
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may only] go out
[securely] bound
צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
צרורות ṣrwrwt
צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
[securely] bound
to the confounding,
בוש / יבוש bwš / ybwš: insult, shame, confound; בסיא bsyˀ: mock
ליבש lybš
ל־ l-: to; יבש ybš: dry; יבוש ybwš: drying
to [have] dry [udders???],
but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but
[they must] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[they may] not
pierce [through it].
ל־ l-: to; חלף ḥlp: pierce, peel
לחלב lḥlb
ל־ l-: to; חלב ḥlb: milk
[have] milk [???].
One mustn’t include trained & experienced troops in the mock performances.
Shabbat 5:3.a
Encrypted: And with what [may one] not go out [for war]? [One may] not go out [with] fully developed [soldiers] for the theatrical [mock] performances, not [when they] are kindled [for war] and not [when they] are [too well] trained & familiar [with actual war]. And thus [with] the rest of all [human] cattle servants.
Official: And with what [animals] [may one] not go out? [One may] not go out [with] a camel with [its] cushion pad [on], not [when it] is tied and not [with its] legs [tied?]. And thus [with] the rest of all animals.
And with what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
And with what [animals]
[may one] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינה ˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
[may one] not
go out [for war]?
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out
go out?
[One may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[One may] not
go out
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out
go out
[with] fully developed [soldiers]
גמל gml: ripen, fully developed
גמל gml
גמל gml: camel
[with] a camel
for the theatrical [mock] performances,
ב־ b-: with; מתולותא mtwlwtˀ: performance, theatrical play
במטוטלת bmṭwṭlt
ב־ b-: with; מטוטלת mṭwṭlt: pad, cushion
with [its] cushion pad [on],
not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not
[when they] are kindled [for war]
יקד yqd: kindled
עקוד ˁqwd
עקד ˁqd: tie, tied
[when it] is tied
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
[when they] are [too well] trained & familiar [with actual war].
רגל rgl: trained, accustomed to, used to, familiar with
רגול rgwl
רגל rgl: foot, leg
[with its] legs [tied?].
And thus
כן kn: thus, so
וכן wkn
כן kn: thus, so
And thus
[with] the rest
שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
שאר šˀr
שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
[with] the rest
of all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
of all
[human] cattle servants.
בהם bhm: dumb, servants
הבהמות hbhmwt
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
animals.
One mustn’t put too many experienced soldiers together, only the fools.
Shabbat 5:3.b
Encrypted: [One may] not bind fully developed [soldiers] this [one] with that [one], and [just] pull [the lead soldier?]. But [one may] gather [all] the fools in the middle of [one’s] hand and pull [them at the same time?], on the condition that [they’re] not [all] incited [?].
Official: [One may] not bind the camels this [one] with that [one], and [just] pull [the lead camel?]. But [one may] gather the ropes [for all camels?] in the middle of [one’s] hand and pull [them at the same time?], on the condition that [they’re] not [all] twined around [each other??].
[One may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[One may] not
bind
קשר qšr: bind, tie
יקשר yqšr
קשר qšr: bind, tie
bind
fully developed [soldiers]
גמל gml: ripen, fully developed
גמלים gmlym
גמל gml: camel
the camels
this [one]
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
this [one]
with that [one],
ב־ b-: with; זה zh: that
בזה bzh
ב־ b-: with; זה zh: that
with that [one],
and [just] pull [the lead soldier?].
משך mšk: draw, pull
וימשך wymšk
משך mšk: draw, pull
and [just] pull [the lead camel?].
But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But
[one may] gather
מ־ m-: of; כנס kns: gather
מכניס mknys
מ־ m-: of; כנס kns: gather
[one may] gather
[all] the fools
הבל hbl: become vain, act foolishly
חבלים ḥblym
חבל ḥbl: rope, cord
the ropes [for all camels?]
in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in the middle
of [one’s] hand
יד yd: hand
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand
of [one’s] hand
and pull [them at the same time?],
משך mšk: draw, pull
וימשך wymšk
משך mšk: draw, pull
and pull [them at the same time?],
on the condition that
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
on the condition that
[they’re] not [all]
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
[they’re] not [all]
incited [?].
גרג grg: arouse, incite
יכרך ykrk
כרך krk: wrap, twine around
twined around [each other??].
Rulers must be careful even with obedient personnel and playmates.
Shabbat 5:4.a
Encrypted: [Not] may an important [person] go out [for war] [even] with obedient [personnel], at a time when [they are] not bound to him, and not [even] with [common-birth] sex partners, even though by theory he [can always] babble nonsense [to them].
Official: [Not] may a donkey go out with a wrapper [???] at a time when [it is] not bound to it, and not with a bell, even though by theory it [can] be stopped up.
[Not] may
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[Not] may
an important [person]
חמור ḥmwr: heavy, weighty, important
חמור ḥmwr
חמור ḥmwr: donkey
a donkey
go out [for war]
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצא ywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out
go out
[even] with obedient [personnel],
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדע rdˁ: obey, restrain oneself; רדי rdy: subjugate
במרדעת bmrdˁt
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדיד rdyd: large veil, wide wrapper
with a wrapper [???]
at a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
at a time
when [they are] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינה šˀynh
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
when [it is] not
bound
קשר qšr: bind, tie
קשורה qšwrh
קשר qšr: bind, tie
bound
to him,
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to it,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
[even] with [common-birth] sex partners,
ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: mate, copulate, have sexual relations
בזוג bzwg
ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: bell
with a bell,
even though
אף ˀp: even, though
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even, though
even though
by
על ˁl: to
על ˁl
על ˁl: to
by
theory
פה ph: speech, saying, command
פי py
פה ph: speech, saying, command
theory
he
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he
it
[can always] babble nonsense [to them].
פקק pqq: babble nonsense
פקוק pqwq
פקק pqq: stop up
[can] be stopped up.
Shabbat 5:4.b
Encrypted: And not [even] with [normally] peaceful [people] when [they have become] hostile, and not [even] with tame [people] when [they have become actual] soldiers,
Official: And not with a ladder which [hangs] on [its] neck, and not with a strap which [is bound] on [its] leg,
And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not
[even] with [normally] peaceful [people]
ב־ b-: with; שלם šlm: peaceful, friendly
בסלם bslm
ב־ b-: with; סלם slm: ladder
with a ladder
when [they have become] hostile,
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: when; צור ṣwr: show hostility, treat as a foe
שבצוארו šbṣwˀrw
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; צור ṣwr: neck
which [hangs] on [its] neck,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
[even] with tame [people]
ב־ b-: with; רעץ rˁṣ: broken, tamed
ברצועה brṣwˁh
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with a strap
when [they have become actual] soldiers,
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: when; רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
שברגלו šbrglw
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; רגל rgl: foot, leg
which [is bound] on [its] leg,
Homosexuals must not come out with their practices among the troops.
Shabbat 5:4.c
Encrypted: And not [may] gay [people] come out [publicly] with their flirting, and not with [their] love among the soldiers. And not [may] masculine [ones] come out with [his] lust under [among] the troops of them.
Official: And not [may] a rooster go out with a thread, and not with a strap on its legs. And not [may] a [fat-tailed] ram go out with a cart [?] under the fat tail of them.
And not [may]
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And not [may]
gay [people]
תרנגא trngˀ: merriment, joy, gaity
התרנגולין htrngwlyn
תרנגל trngl: rooster
a rooster
come out [publicly]
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out
with their flirting,
ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
בחוטין bḥwṭyn
ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
with a thread,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with [their] love
ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
ברצועות brṣwˁwt
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with a strap
among the soldiers.
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
שברגליהם šbrglyhm
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; רגל rgl: foot, leg
on its legs.
And not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And not
[may] masculine [ones]
זכר zkr: male, masculine
הזכרים hzkrym
זכר zkr: ram
[may] a [fat-tailed] ram
come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out
with [his] lust
ב־ b-: with; עגלה ˁglh: cart, carriage
בעגלה bˁglh
ב־ b-: with; עגלה ˁglh: cart, carriage
with a cart [?]
under [among]
ש־ š-: which; תחת tḥt: below, under
שתחת štḥt
ש־ š-: which; תחת tḥt: below, under
under
the troops
יהלא yhlˀ: band, troop, squad
האליה hˀlyh
אליה ˀlyh: tail, fat-tail
the fat tail
of them.
של šl: belonging to, of; הן hn: they
שלהן šlhn
של šl: belonging to, of; הן hn: they
of them.
Shabbat 5:4.d
Encrypted: And not [may] a soldier come out with [sexual] favors. And not [may] a lusty [one] come out with fellation [??]. And not a [sexually] unrestrained [one] with being exposed [while] bending over [???]. And not with [their] love among the servant [troops].
Official: And not [may] a ewe go out [with their] genitalia [showing??]. And not [may] a calf go out bent [by a yoke?]. And not a cow with the skin of a boar [???]. And not with a strap between its horns [?].
And not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And not
[may] a soldier
רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
הרחלים hrḥlym
רחל rḥl: ewe
[may] a ewe
come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out
with [sexual] favors.
חנן ḥnn: caress, favor; חן ḥn: loveliness, coquette
חנונות ḥnwnwt
חן ḥn: bosom, genitalia
[with their] genitalia [showing??].
And not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And not
[may] a lusty [one]
גהיל ghyl: lusty, libidinous; גהלא ghlˀ: amorous
העגל hˁgl
עגל ˁgl: calf
[may] a calf
come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצא ywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out
with fellation [??].
ב־ b-: with; גמע gmˁ: sink into, immerse, swallow, give to drink
בגימון bgymwn
ב־ b-: with; גום gwm: bent, joint
bent [by a yoke?].
And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not
a [sexually] unrestrained [one]
פרע prˁ: loosen, unrestrained, make naked
פרה prh
פרה prh: cow
a cow
with being exposed
ב־ b-: with; עור ˁwr: bared, exposed
בעור bˁwr
ב־ b-: with; עור ˁwr: skin, hide
with the skin
[while] bending over [???].
כפר kpr: rub, bend, arch over
הקפר hqpr
קפר qpr: boar
of a boar [???].
And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not
with [their] love
ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
ברצועה brṣwˁh
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with a strap
among
ש־ š-: which; בין byn: among
שבין šbyn
ש־ š-: which; בין byn: between
between
the servant [troops].
גרעון grˁwn: boy, servant
קרניה qrnyh
קרן qrn: horn
its horns [?].
Shabbat 5:4.e
Encrypted: A [sexually] unrestrained [follower] of lord Eleazar ben Azariah had [once] been coming out with [his] love among the servant [troops], which [was] not among the accepted [forms of] intercourse [there].
Official: A cow of rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah had [once] been going out with a strap between its horns, which [was] not in the will of the advisors.
A [sexually] unrestrained [follower]
פרע prˁ: loosen, unrestrained, make naked
פרתו prtw
פרה prh: cow
A cow
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
lord
רבי rby: rabbi
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi
Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
Eleazar ben Azariah
had [once] been
היה hyh: be
היתה hyth
היה hyh: be
had [once] been
coming out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
going out
with [his] love
ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
ברצועה brṣwˁh
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with a strap
among
ש־ š-: which; בין byn: among
שבין šbyn
ש־ š-: which; בין byn: between
between
the servant [troops],
גרעון grˁwn: boy, servant
קרניה qrnyh
קרן qrn: horn
its horns,
which [was] not
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
which [was] not
among the accepted
ב־ b-: among; רצון rṣwn: acceptance, favor
ברצון brṣwn
ב־ b-: in; רצון rṣwn: will, wish
in the will
[forms of] intercourse [there].
חכומי ḥkwmy: coitus; חכומו ḥkwmw: carnal intercourse
חכמים ḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
of the advisors.
Gay lords should not publicly seduce common soldiers.
Shabbat 6:1.a
Encrypted: With what [may] a lord come out [in war], and with what [may he] not come out? Not [may] come out a lord [with these]: Not with seducing [common] guards, and not with seducing [any] ordinary [soldier], and not with any love on a [common-birth] leader.
Official: With what [may] a woman go out [on Sabbath], and with what [may she] not go out? Not [may] go out a woman [with these]: Not with a strap of wool, and not with a strap of flax, and not with [any] strap on her head.
With what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
במה bmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
With what
[may] a lord
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
אשה ˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
[may] a woman
come out [in war],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out [on Sabbath],
and with what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
and with what
[may he] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינה ˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
[may she] not
come out?
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out?
Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not
[may] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
תצא tṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[may] go out
a lord [with these]:
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
אשה ˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
a woman [with these]:
Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not
with seducing
ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
בחוטי bḥwṭy
ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
with a strap
[common] guards,
שמר šmr: watch, guard; שומר šwmr: watchman
צמר ṣmr
צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
of wool,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with seducing
ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
בחוטי bḥwṭy
ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
with a strap
[any] ordinary [soldier],
פשוט pšwṭ: simple, ordinary, usual
פשתן pštn
פשתה pšth: flax, linen
of flax,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with any love
ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
ברצועות brṣwˁwt
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with [any] strap
on a [common-birth] leader.
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: chief, leader
שבראשה šbrˀšh
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: head
on her head.
Shabbat 6:1.b
Encrypted: And not [may he] immerse himself with them until he has [thoroughly] confused them. Not with knocking [them] up, and not with inserting [in them], at a time when they are not [closely] joined [to him]. And not with [intimately] kneading [them], in the domain public.
Official: And not [may she] immerse herself with them until she makes them disappear [takes them off]. Not with a forehead ornament, and not with a headdress, at a time when they are not sewn [to her clothing]. And not with a hair-net into the domain public.
And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not
[may he] immerse himself
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
תטבל tṭbl
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
[may she] immerse herself
with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them
until
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
until
he has [thoroughly] confused them.
ש־ š-: make; טרף ṭrp: mix, confuse; טירוף ṭyrwp: confusion, distraction, trouble
שתרפם štrpm
ש־ š-: make; תרף trp: disappear; ־ם -m: them
she makes them disappear [takes them off].
Not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not
with knocking [them] up,
ב־ b-: with; תפף tpp: join, strike, knock; ־ת -t: (suffix)
בטטפת bṭṭpt
ב־ b-: with; טוטפת ṭwṭpt: ornament on forehead
with a forehead ornament,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with inserting [in them],
ב־ b-: with; סנף snp: insert; ־ת -t: (suffix); ־ן -n: (suffix)
בסנבוטין bsnbwṭyn
ב־ b-: with; סנבוטין snbwṭyn: headdress
with a headdress,
at a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
at a time
when they are not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינן šˀynn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
when they are not
[closely] joined [to him].
תפר tpr: sew together, join
תפורין tpwryn
תפר tpr: stitch, sew
sewn [to her clothing].
And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not
with [intimately] kneading [them],
ב־ b-: with; גבול gbwl: kneading, mixing
בכבול bkbwl
ב־ b-: with; כבול kbwl: hair-net
with a hair-net
in the domain
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
לרשות lršwt
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
into the domain
public.
רב rb: large, great, public
הרבים hrbym
רב rb: large, great, public
public.
Shabbat 6:1.c
Encrypted: And [especially] not with sexual stimulation of the inciting [kind], and not with pressing together [??], and not with obscenities, and not [even] with [practices] abhorred [by the troops] which [do] not [have] to [them] a [use of] the male organ, and not [even] with seduction which [does] not [involve] perforation of the bodily orifices.
Official: And not with [jewelry from??] the city of gold [??], and not with necklaces, and not with earrings, and not with a seal [ring] which [does] not on [it] a seal, and not with a [hair?] needle which [has] no that is [actually] perforated,
And [especially] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not
with sexual stimulation
ב־ b-: with; ערי ˁry: stir up, stimulate, excite the sexual organ by contact, intermix, come into intimate contact
בעיר bˁyr
ב־ b-: with; עיר ˁyr: city
with [jewelry from??] the city
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
the inciting [kind],
זוחף zwḥp: incitement, emotion
זהב zhb
זהב zhb: gold
gold [??],
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with pressing together [??],
ב־ b-: with; כותל kwtl: press together; כתלונא ktlwnˀ: entangle
בקטלא bqṭlˀ
ב־ b-: with; קטלא qṭlˀ: catella, necklace
with necklaces,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with obscenities,
נ־ n-: make; נ־ n-: make; זמם zmm: filthy; זמה zmh: obscenity, libidiousness, carnality
בנזמים bnzmym
ב־ b-: with; נזם nzm: nose-ring, earring
with earrings,
and not [even]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with [practices] abhorred [by the troops]
ב־ b-: with; תעב tˁb: abhor, loathe
בטבעת bṭbˁt
ב־ b-: with; טבע ṭbˁ: seal
with a seal [ring]
which [do] not [have]
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
which [does] not
to [them]
על ˁl: on, upon
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: on, upon
on [it]
a [use of] the male organ,
הדם hdm: limb, member, male organ
חותם ḥwtm
חתם ḥtm: seal
a seal,
and not [even]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with seduction
ב־ b-: with; מחטון mḥṭwn: seducer
במחט bmḥṭ
ב־ b-: with; מחט mḥṭ: needle, pin
with a [hair?] needle
which [does] not [involve]
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינה šˀynh
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
which [has] no
perforation of the bodily orifices.
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, bodily orifice
נקובה nqwbh
נקב nqb: hole, perforation
that is [actually] perforated,
Shabbat 6:1.d
Encrypted: But if he comes out [with these], [he is of course] not guilty [of any] mistake.
Official: But if he goes out [with these], [she is] not obligated [to make] a sin-offering.
But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if
he comes out [with these],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצאת yṣˀt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
he goes out [with these],
[he is of course] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינה ˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
[she is] not
guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיבת ḥybt
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
obligated
[of any] mistake.
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[to make] a sin-offering.
Gay lords can only let their desires out with gay troops, or those who are easily abused.
Shabbat 6:2.a
Encrypted: [There may also] not come out a lord with [his] ladle [??] standing erect [??], and not with brotherly [love] at a time when [he is] not with soldiers who are [easily] sexually abused [??], and not with frivolities and not with fellation [??] at a time when [they are] not from the special [kind], and not with sexual promiscuity, and not with adornment for sexual intercourse [??], and not with [amorous] embracing.
Official: [There may] not go out a man with sandals that are studded, and not with a single [sandal] at a time when [there is] not on his foot a wound, and not with Tefillah [scroll cases?], and not with scrolls at a time when [they are] not from an expert [??], and not with body armor, and not with a helmet, and not with leg armor
[There may also] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There may] not
come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out
a lord
איש ˀyš: husband, lord
האיש hˀyš
איש ˀyš: man
a man
with [his] ladle [??]
ב־ b-: with; ש־ š-: which; נטלא nṭlˀ: ladle, small vessel
בסנדל bsndl
ב־ b-: with; סנדל sndl: sandalion, sandal
with sandals
standing erect [??],
מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stand erect
המסמר hmsmr
מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stud with nails
that are studded,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with brotherly [love]
ב־ b-: with; אחותי ˀḥwty: brotherly, fraternal
ביחיד byḥyd
ב־ b-: with; אחד ˀḥd: one, single; אחת ˀḥt: one
with a single [sandal]
at a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
at a time
when [he is] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
when [there is] not
with soldiers
ב־ b-: with; רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
ברגלו brglw
ב־ b-: on; רגל rgl: foot
on his foot
who are [easily] sexually abused [??],
מכך mkk: humiliate, rape, abuse sexually
מכה mkh
מכה mkh: wound
a wound,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with frivolities
ב־ b-: with; תפלה tplh: unseemliness, frivolity, indecency
בתפלין btplyn
ב־ b-: with; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
with Tefillah [scroll cases?],
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with fellation [??]
ב־ b-: with; גמע gmˁ: sink into, immerse, swallow, give to drink
בקמע bqmˁ
ב־ b-: with; קמיע qmyˁ: amulet, scroll
with scrolls
at a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
at a time
when [they are] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
when [they are] not
from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from
the special [kind],
מ־ m-: of; מחה mḥh: specialized
הממחה hmmḥh
מ־ m-: of; מחה mḥh: expert
an expert [??],
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with sexual promiscuity,
ב־ b-: with; שריא šryˀ: outrageous, sexually promiscuous; ־ן -n: (suffix)
בשריון bšrywn
ב־ b-: with; שריון šrywn: body armor, coat of mail
with body armor,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with adornment for sexual intercourse [??],
ב־ b-: with; קשט qšṭ: adorn with beauty, to prepare for sexual intercourse
בקסדא bqsdˀ
ב־ b-: with; קסדא qsdˀ: cassidis, helmet
with a helmet,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with [amorous] embracing.
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; גוף gwp: adultery; גפף gpp: embracing, sexual acts
במגפים bmgpym
ב־ b-: with; מגף mgp: metal legging, high boot
with leg armor
Shabbat 6:2.b
Encrypted: But if he comes out [with these], [he is of course] not guilty [of any] mistake.
Official: But if he goes out [with these], [she is] not obligated [to make] a sin-offering.
But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if
he comes out [with these],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
he goes out [with these],
[he is of course] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[she is] not
guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
obligated
[of any] mistake.
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[to make] a sin-offering.
Gay lords must especially not engage in acts involving penetration and ejaculation.
Shabbat 6:3.a
Encrypted: [There may especially] not come out a lord with seductions that perforate the bodily orifices, and not with [practices] abhorred [by the troops] which do have to [them] [use of] the male organ, not with the lower-class rabble, neither with receiving [it from them], nor with a penetration [of them] of the [kind with] discharge. And if he comes out [with these], he is guilty [of a real] mistake! [These are] the words of lord Meir. But the advisors exempt [acts] with receiving [it from them], and also with a penetration [of them] of the [kind with] discharge.
Official: [There may also] not go out a woman with a needle that is [actually] perforated, and not with a seal [ring] which does have on it a seal, and not with a cochlear pin [??], and not with a [foot] chain, and not with a flask of perfume. And if she goes out [with these], she is obligated [to make] a sin-offering. [These are] the words of rabbi Meir. But the advisors exempt [going out] with a [foot] chain, and also with a flask of perfume.
[There may especially] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There may also] not
come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
תצא tṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out
a lord
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
אשה ˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
a woman
with seductions
ב־ b-: with; מחטון mḥṭwn: seducer
במחט bmḥṭ
ב־ b-: with; מחט mḥṭ: needle, pin
with a needle
that perforate the bodily orifices,
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, bodily orifice
הנקובה hnqwbh
נקב nqb: hole, perforation
that is [actually] perforated,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with [practices] abhorred [by the troops]
ב־ b-: with; תעב tˁb: abhor, loathe
בטבעת bṭbˁt
ב־ b-: with; טבע ṭbˁ: seal
with a seal [ring]
which do have
ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
שיש šyš
ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
which does have
to [them]
על ˁl: on, upon
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: on, upon
on it
[use of] the male organ,
הדם hdm: limb, member, male organ
חותם ḥwtm
חתם ḥtm: seal
a seal,
not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with the lower-class rabble,
ב־ b-: with; גלירא glyrˀ: galearius, soldier-servant, rabble, lowest class of people
בכוליאר bkwlyˀr
ב־ b-: with; כוליאר kwlyˀr: pin of cochlear shape; כוכליאר kwklyˀr: cochlear
with a cochlear pin [??],
neither
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with receiving [it from them],
ב־ b-: with; קבל qbl: receive, accept, take
בכובלת bkwblt
ב־ b-: with; כבל kbl: chain
with a [foot] chain,
nor
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with a penetration [of them]
צלח ṣlḥ: split, break through, penetrate
בצלוחית bṣlwḥyt
ב־ b-: with; צלוחית ṣlwḥyt: bottle, flask
with a flask
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
the [kind with] discharge.
פלוט plwṭ: discharged, ejected; ־ן -n: (suffix)
פליטון plyṭwn
פוליטון pwlyṭwn: foliatum, perfume
perfume.
And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if
he comes out [with these],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצתה yṣth
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
she goes out [with these],
he is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיבת ḥybt
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
she is obligated
[of a real] mistake!
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[to make] a sin-offering.
[These are] the words
דבר dbr: word, speech
דברי dbry
דבר dbr: word, speech
[These are] the words
of lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
of rabbi
Meir.
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
מאיר mˀyr
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
Meir.
But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors
exempt
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטרין pwṭryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempt
[acts] with receiving [it from them],
ב־ b-: with; קבל qbl: receive, accept, take
בכובלת bkwblt
ב־ b-: with; כבל kbl: chain
[going out] with a [foot] chain,
and also with a penetration [of them]
צלח ṣlḥ: split, break through, penetrate
ובצלוחית wbṣlwḥyt
ב־ b-: with; צלוחית ṣlwḥyt: bottle, flask
and also with a flask
of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of
the [kind with] discharge.
פלוט plwṭ: discharged, ejected; ־ן -n: (suffix)
פליטון plyṭwn
פוליטון pwlyṭwn: foliatum, perfume
perfume.
Gay lords mustn’t squirt off, lest they turn the troops into peaceful pervs.
Shabbat 6:4.a
Encrypted: Not [may] come out a lord [with these in public]: Not with his [private little] sword, and not with shooting forth, and not with squirting [off], and not with his lance, and not with his spear. And if he comes out [with these], he is guilty [of a real] mistake! Lord Eliezer says: [But absolutely] good [and proper] [are] they [these things] to him!
Official: Not [may] come out a man [with these]: Not with a sword, and not with a bow, and not with a shield, and not with a lance, and not with a spear. And if he goes out [with these], she is obligated [to make] a sin-offering. Rabbi Eliezer says: [But only] decorative [weapons] [are] they to him!
Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not
[may] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[may] come out
a lord [with these in public]:
איש ˀyš: lord
האיש hˀyš
איש ˀyš: man
a man [with these]:
Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not
with his [private little] sword,
ב־ b-: with; סיף syp: sword
בסיף bsyp
ב־ b-: with; סיף syp: sword
with a sword,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with shooting forth,
ב־ b-: with; קשת qšt: shoot, shot forth
בקשת bqšt
ב־ b-: with; קשת qšt: bow
with a bow,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with squirting [off],
ב־ b-: with; תרז trz: burst, splash, squirt
בתריס btrys
ב־ b-: with; תרס trs: shield
with a shield,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with his lance,
ב־ b-: with; אלה ˀlh: lance, sign-pole
באלה bˀlh
ב־ b-: with; אלה ˀlh: lance, sign-pole
with a lance,
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
with his spear.
ב־ b-: with; רמח rmḥ: spear, lance
ברמח brmḥ
ב־ b-: with; רמח rmḥ: spear, lance
with a spear.
And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if
he comes out [with these],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
he goes out [with these],
he is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
she is obligated
[of a real] mistake!
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[to make] a sin-offering.
Lord
רב rb: lord, master, noble
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi
Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer
says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:
[But absolutely] good [and proper]
ת־ t-: of; כשיטותא kšyṭwtˀ: good, right
תכשיטין tkšyṭyn
תכשיט tkšyṭ: ornament, decoration
[But only] decorative [weapons]
[are] they [these things]
הן hn: they
הן hn
הן hn: they
[are] they
to him!
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to him!
Shabbat 6:4.b
Encrypted: But the advisors say: Nothing [are they] if not a disgrace, [about] which they say: (Isaiah 2:4) [They would just] form their soldiers into [self] gratifying perverts and their [private] pleasure into [all-out] harlotry, and [soon] not [would] raise the crowds against [other] crowds the sword [any more], and not [would] they learn any more of war!
Official: But the advisors say: Nothing [are they] if not a disgrace, [about] which they say: (Isaiah 2:4) [They will] beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into pruning knives, and not [will] raise nation against nation the sword [any more], and not [will] they learn any more of war.
But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors
say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:
Nothing [are they]
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינן ˀynn
אין ˀyn: no, not
Nothing [are they]
if not
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
if not
a disgrace,
ל־ l-: to; גנאי gnˀy: disgrace, shame, obscenity
לגנאי lgnˀy
ל־ l-: to; גנאי gnˀy: disgrace, shame, obscenity
a disgrace,
[about] which they say:
ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
[about] which they say:
(Isaiah
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(ישעיה yšˁyh
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(Isaiah
2:4)
ב b: 2
ב) b
ב b: 2
2:4)
[They would just] form
כתת ktt: join closely, form into factions, come in contact
וכתתו wkttw
כתת ktt: crush, pound, beat
[They will] beat
their soldiers
קרב qrb: soldier; ־ם -m: their
חרבותם ḥrbwtm
חרב ḥrb: sword; ־ם -m: their
their swords
into [self] gratifying perverts
ל־ l-: to; עות ˁwt: enjoy, gratified, pervert; ־ים -ym: (plural)
לאתים lˀtym
ל־ l-: to; את ˀt: ploughshare; ־ים -ym: (plural)
into ploughshares
and their [private] pleasure
הניותא hnywtˀ: pleasure, delight, gaiety
וחניתותיהם wḥnytwtyhm
חנית ḥnyt: spear; הם hm: they
and their spears
into [all-out] harlotry,
ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; זמור zmwr: revelry, harlotry
למזמרות lmzmrwt
ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; זמור zmwr: cutting, pruning, trimming
into pruning knives,
and [soon] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
[would] raise
נשא nšˀ: lift, raise
ישא yšˀ
נשא nšˀ: lift, raise
[will] raise
the crowds
גוי gwy: crowd, people
גוי gwy
גוי gwy: nation
nation
against
אל ˀl: to, against
אל ˀl
אל ˀl: to, against
against
[other] crowds
גוי gwy: crowd, people
גוי gwy
גוי gwy: nation
nation
the sword [any more],
חרב ḥrb: sword
חרב ḥrb
חרב ḥrb: sword
the sword [any more],
and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not
[would] they learn
למד lmd: learn, teach
ילמדו ylmdw
למד lmd: learn, teach
[will] they learn
any more
עוד ˁwd: still, again
עוד ˁwd
עוד ˁwd: still, again
any more
of war!
מ־ m-: from, of; לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war
מלחמה mlḥmh
מ־ m-: from, of; לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war
of war.