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# Talmud: Peah

🏷 Hebrew text Talmud text interlinear spook law · text — by Gerry · Jan 2023 · 17002 words

Peah is the 2nd chapter of Mishnah & Talmud, after Berakhot. The face-value text is about donations from the פאה pˀh “corners” of a field, with long lists of grains & fruits. But the pun-encrypted text is really about how the rich & powerful conceal & downplay their פחה pḥh “nobility”, and the lists are really aristocratic titles & offices! The Peah tractate proves once again that spookery is all about disguising the aristocracy.

## Introduction

Like all Talmudic tractates, Peah doesn’t introduce or explain its topic. The implied topic is that landowners should donate the harvest from the פאה pˀh “corners” of each field to the poor. But that is never said explicitly.

The text starts with saying that charitable deeds have no definite measure. So in theory, there shouldn’t be too much legislature about this. But instead the text is a dizzying array of incredibly detailed rules about anything & everything, especially about when and how long the landowner is exempt from taxes, because of his donations. All this doesn’t sound very charitable. It doesn’t even sound religious.

The explanation is of course that the text is pun-encrypted: פאה pˀh “corners” puns with פחה pḥh “nobility” (see ˁAyin ≈ Ḥet). Spookery is simply crypto-aristocracy. And like all other encrypted texts, the Peah tractate is about aristocrats disguising their power. Unlike other texts, it doesn’t explain how to hide it completely, but how only a small part of the true aristocracy is shown to the subjects, as an acceptable official aristocracy. Specifically how the clans dissect, trade, and harvest nations is concealed by only ever showing one clan as official rulers.

The giveaway paragraph is 1:5, a lengthy list of arbitrary אילן ˀyln “trees”. This is really a list of אילין ˀylyn “leaders”: Every “tree” listed there puns with some leadership position. Read the full list, and judge yourself!

Other recurring encryption puns are שדה šdh “field” punning with שדה šdh “status”, מעשר mˁšr “tithe” punning with משרה mšrh “office”, מין myn “species” punning with מין myn “nation”. So all vocabulary is fitted to the “field harvest” topic. However, many of the “laws” still don’t make much sense in their literal meaning, but only in the encrypted meaning: They’re really about concealing how the “nobility” organize & trade their “status”, “offices” and “nations”!

### How to read this

- In the interlinear word-by-word translation, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
- Use the Pun Config to choose your level: Minimal for secret meaning only, Beginner for secret & official English texts, Intermediate for word-by-word vocabulary, Expert for original text & glyphs.
- Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
- Official meaning is marked with light green.
- Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
- Please read the introduction, the interchangeability rules, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
- Religious readers should proceed with care.

## When to hide nobility

### Nobility and official titles are not forbidden.

As usual with Talmud tractates, the Peah tractate doesn’t introduce or explain its topic. Instead, it starts with the claim that the pˀh “corners” of a field have no šˁr “measure”, that’s probably to say you can donate as much as you want.

So I assume this weird phrase is to encrypt the statement that pḥh “nobility” is not ˀsr “forbidden”. The spooks are right here, nobility is not forbidden. Though it should be. And if the common people had ever known the extent of the nobility’s malice & corruption, it would be.

Some of the other puns for “not forbidden” things here are letter-perfect ones: bkr means “first fruit”, but also “first rank”, and gml-ḥsd means “charity of devotion”, but also “accepted payments”. Generally, official power is not forbidden.

#### Peah 1:1.a

> Encrypted: These are things that are not by themselves forbidden: official nobility, being of first rank, rulership, payments that are socially accepted, and oppression by one’s official title & rank.

> Official: These are things that have not to them a definite measure: corners of a field, the first fruit, the appearance in the temple, the charitable deeds of devotion, and the study of the Torah.

> These [are]
> אלו ˀlw: these
> אלו ˀlw
> אלו ˀlw: these
> These [are]
> things
> דבר dbr: word, thing
> דברים dbrym
> דבר dbr: word, thing
> things
> that [are] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> that [have] not
> by themselves
> להם lhm: to them
> להם lhm
> להם lhm: to them
> to them
> forbidden:
> אסר ˀsr: forbidden, prohibited
> שעור šˁwr
> שער šˁr: measure, value
> [a definite] measure:
> [official] nobility,
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> הפאה hpˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corners [of a field],
> [being of] first rank,
> בכר bkr: first, birthright, lead; בכרא bkrˀ: first rank
> והבכורים whbkwrym
> בכר bkr: first fruits; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> the first fruit,
> rulership,
> רעה rˁh: ruler, lead, guide
> והראיון whrˀywn
> ראי rˀy: appear, appearance
> the appearance [in the temple],
> payments
> גמל gml: pay, reward
> וגמילות wgmylwt
> גמל gml: kind, charitable
> the charitable [deeds]
> [that are socially] accepted,
> חסד ḥsd: favor, acceptance
> חסדים ḥsdym
> חסד ḥsd: devotion
> of devotion,
> and oppression
> טלומותא ṭlwmwtˀ: oppression, tyranny
> ותלמוד wtlmwd
> תלמוד tlmwd: Talmud, study
> and the study
> [by one’s official] title & rank.
> תאר tˀr: title, degree, rank
> תורה twrh
> תורה twrh: Torah
> of the Torah.

> Peah 1:1.a

### But profits of suspicious dealings must be consumed in the hidden world.

Here come the things for which the larger part can only be consumed in the “other world”. For faithfuls, that is the ˁwlm-hbˀ “world to come”, i.e. the afterlife. For the spook aristocrats, it’s their own ˁwlm-ḥbˀ “hidden world”, that they have shielded from public view.

The fruits of what things may a spook not consume publicly? It’s kbd-ˀb-w-ˀm “the wealth of father & mother”, gml-ḥsd “shameful payments”, and šlwm-byn-ˀdm-l-ḥbr “payments between a man and his associates”. Basically, all profits that aristocrats make by misusing their official offices, and their family relationships.

#### Peah 1:1.b

> Encrypted: By contrast, these are things for which a man can consume some profits in the world this one, but for which the principal must remain to them in the world that is hidden: the riches of one’s father and mother, payments that are shameful & suspect, and bringing payments & bribes between a man and his associate. And such secrets, having them breached is like confessing them all.

> Official: By contrast, these are things for which a man can consume the fruits in the world this one, but for which the principal remains to them in the world that is to come: Honoring one’s father and mother, the charitable deeds of devotion, and bringing peace between a man and his friend. And the study of the Torah extends to them all.

> [By contrast,] these [are]
> אלו ˀlw: these
> אלו ˀlw
> אלו ˀlw: these
> [By contrast,] these [are]
> things
> דבר dbr: word, thing
> דברים dbrym
> דבר dbr: word, thing
> things
> [for] which a man
> ש־ š-: which; אדם ˀdm: man
> שאדם šˀdm
> ש־ š-: which; אדם ˀdm: man
> [for] which a man
> [can] consume
> אכל ˀkl: consume
> אוכל ˀwkl
> אכל ˀkl: consume
> [can] consume
> [some] profits
> פרות prwt: profit
> פרותיהן prwtyhn
> פרות prwt: fruit
> the fruits
> in the world
> ב־ b-: in; עולם ˁwlm: world
> בעולם bˁwlm
> ב־ b-: in; עולם ˁwlm: world
> in the world
> this one,
> זה zh: this
> הזה hzh
> זה zh: this
> this one,
> but [for which] the principal
> קרן qrn: principal
> והקרן whqrn
> קרן qrn: principal
> but [for which] the principal
> [must] remain
> קום qwm: stand, remain
> קימת qymt
> קום qwm: stand, remain
> remains
> to them
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to them
> in the world
> ל־ l-: to; עולם ˁwlm: world
> לעולם lˁwlm
> ל־ l-: to; עולם ˁwlm: world
> in the world
> that is hidden:
> חבא ḥbˀ: conceal, hide, hidden
> הבא hbˀ
> הבא hbˀ: bring, come
> that is to come:
> the riches
> כבד kbd: rich, make rich; כבדה kbdh: wealth, riches
> כבוד kbwd
> כבד kbd: heavy, honor
> Honoring
> of [one’s] father
> אב ˀb: father
> אב ˀb
> אב ˀb: father
> [one’s] father
> and mother,
> אם ˀm: mother
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: mother
> and mother,
> payments
> גמל gml: pay, reward
> וגמילות wgmylwt
> גמל gml: kind, charitable
> the charitable [deeds]
> [that are] shameful & suspect,
> חסד ḥsd: shame; חשד ḥšd: suspect, suspicion
> חסדים ḥsdym
> חסד ḥsd: devotion
> of devotion,
> and bringing
> בוא bwˀ: come, bring
> והבאת whbˀt
> בוא bwˀ: come, bring
> and bringing
> payments & bribes
> שלום šlwm: reward, payment, bribe
> שלום šlwm
> שלום šlwm: peace
> peace
> between
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> between
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man
> a man
> and his associate.
> ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: friend, partner, associate
> לחברו lḥbrw
> ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: friend, partner, associate
> and his friend.
> And [such] secrets,
> תעלומה tˁlwmh: hidden, secret; ־ות -wt: (suffix)
> ותלמוד wtlmwd
> תלמוד tlmwd: Talmud, study
> And the study
> having [them] breached
> תורע twrˁ: breaking through; תריע tryˁ: breach, breached
> תורה twrh
> תורה twrh: Torah
> of the Torah
> [is] like confessing
> כ־ k-: like, as; נגד ngd: confess, declare, announce, testify
> כנגד kngd
> כ־ k-: like, as; נגד ngd: stretch, extend, rule
> extends [?]
> them all.
> כל kl: all; ־ם -m: them
> כלם klm
> כל kl: all; ־ם -m: them
> [to] them all.

> Peah 1:1.b

### Hide your rank according to the poor people’s suffering.

Here they say that donations must be done according to the “number of poor people”, and accoring to the “greatness of their suffering”. That is correct for aristocratic disguises as well: If they rule many poor people, and those people suffer greatly, it would spell trouble for the aristocrats if their subjects knew how much profit they rake in through their corrupt dealings, on top of their official earnings. That’s why spookery was invented. Spookery is keeping one’s true power & wealth a secret.

#### Peah 1:2

> Encrypted: So one should not let break through one’s nobility rank just out of flattery & pride. And even though it is said that it is not being a nobleman forbidden, everything must be done according to the greatness of one’s office & status, and according to how numerous are the poor people under one’s rule, and according to how great is their suffering under one’s rule.

> Official: One should not lessen the corner of the field to less than one-sixtieth. And even though it is said that there is not to the corner of the field a definite measure, everything must be done according to the greatness of the field, and according to how numerous are the poor people living off it, and according to how great is their suffering.

> [So one should] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One should] not
> let break through
> פחת pḥt: penetrate, broken through
> פוחתין pwḥtyn
> פחת pḥt: lessen, diminish
> lessen
> [one’s] nobility [rank]
> ל־ l-: to; פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> לפאה lpˀh
> ל־ l-: to; פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> the corner [of the field]
> [just] out of flattery & pride.
> מ־ m-: from, out of; שוש šwš: flatter; זוזי zwzy: pride, boast; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> מששים mššym
> מ־ m-: than; שש šš: six; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> [to less] than one-sixtieth [??].
> And even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> ואף על פי wˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> And even though
> [it is] said
> ש־ š-: which; אמר ˀmr: say
> שאמרו šˀmrw
> ש־ š-: which; אמר ˀmr: say
> [it is] said
> [that it is] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [that there is] not
> [being] a nobleman
> ל־ l-: to; פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> לפאה lpˀh
> ל־ l-: to; פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> to the corner [of the field]
> forbidden,
> אסר ˀsr: forbidden, prohibited
> שעור šˁwr
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity
> a [definite] measure,
> everything
> כל kl: all, everything
> הכל hkl
> כל kl: all, everything
> everything
> [must be done] according
> לפי lpy: according to
> לפי lpy
> לפי lpy: according to
> [must be done] according
> [to] the greatness
> גדל gdl: greatness
> גדל gdl
> גדל gdl: greatness
> [to] the greatness
> of [one’s] office & status,
> שדה šdh: position, office, status
> השדה hšdh
> שדה šdh: field, land
> of the field,
> and according to
> לפי lpy: according to
> ולפי wlpy
> לפי lpy: according to
> and according to
> [how] numerous [are]
> רב rb: great, much, many, numerous
> רב rb
> רב rb: great, much, many, numerous
> [how] numerous [are]
> the poor people [under one’s rule],
> עני ˁny: poor; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> העניים hˁnyym
> עני ˁny: poor; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> the poor people [living off it],
> and according to
> לפי lpy: according to
> ולפי wlpy
> לפי lpy: according to
> and according to
> [how] great [is]
> רב rb: great, much, many, numerous
> רב rb
> רב rb: great, much, many, numerous
> [how] great [is]
> [their] suffering [under one’s rule].
> ענה ˁnh: poor, suffer, oppressed
> הענוה hˁnwh
> ענה ˁnh: poor, suffer, oppressed
> [their] suffering.

> Peah 1:2

### Nobility may only be revealed from the lower & middle ranks.

Here the official text says you may give from the beginning, middle, but not the end of the šdh “field”. There are no matching puns, so I assume the spook words are the same: If a spook publicly reveals himself to be of noble šdh “status”, then he may only reveal to be from the lower, middle, but not the upper end of the aristocratic ladder.

The last part about the mšwm-h-pqr “viewpoint of being abandoned” may mean that if a spook may only reveal his aristocratic roots when publicly claiming he has “renounced” all the privileges (while of course he really hasn’t), or he has to smk “prop things up” in some other way.

#### Peah 1:3

> Encrypted: One may show to be a nobleman from the initiate ranks of aristocratic status, or from the middle ranks. Lord Shimon says: Only on the condition that one would also show to be from the upper end according to the prohibitions. Lord Yehudah says: If one leaves such a revelation of nobility, then one must somehow prop it up on this from the point of view that it was simply an error. And if not, then one does not show it, or only from the point of view of claiming to have renounced the privileges.

> Official: One may give from the corners of the field from the beginning of the harvest of the field, or from the middle. Rabbi Shimon says: Only on the condition that one gives at the end according to the quantity. Rabbi Yehudah says: If one leaves a stalk just one, then one can rely on this from the point of view of fulfilling the law about the corners of the field. And if not, then one does not give, but only from the point of view of fulfilling the law about ownerless produce.

> [One may] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give
> [One may] give
> [to be] a nobleman
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [from] the corners [of the field]
> from the initiate [ranks]
> מ־ m-: from; תחל tḥl: begin, initiate
> מתחלת mtḥlt
> מ־ m-: from; תחל tḥl: begin, initiate
> from the beginning
> of [aristocratic] status,
> שדה šdh: position, office, status
> השדה hšdh
> שדה šdh: field, land
> of [the harvest of] the field,
> or from the middle [ranks].
> מ־ m-: from; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
> ומאמצעה wmˀmṣˁh
> מ־ m-: from; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
> or from the middle.
> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Shimon
> שמעון šmˁwn: Shimon
> שמעון šmˁwn
> שמעון šmˁwn: Shimon
> Shimon
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [Only] on the condition
> בלבד blbd: alone, on condition
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: alone, on condition
> [Only] on the condition
> that [one would also?] show
> ש־ š-: that; נתן ntn: show, display
> שיתן šytn
> ש־ š-: that; נתן ntn: give
> that [one] gives
> to be [from the upper] end
> ב־ b-: in; סוף swp: end
> בסוף bswp
> ב־ b-: in; סוף swp: end
> at the end
> according to the prohibitions.
> כ־ k-: as; אסר ˀsr: forbidden, prohibited
> כשעור kšˁwr
> כ־ k-: as; שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity
> according to the quantity.
> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> If
> אם ˀm: if
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if
> If
> [one] leaves
> שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> שיר šyr
> שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> [one] leaves
> [such] a revelation
> גלח glḥ: stretch out, reveal
> קלח qlḥ
> קלח qlḥ: stem, stalk
> a stalk
> of nobility,
> אחד ˀḥd: command, rule; אחידא ˀḥydˀ: nobleman
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> [just] one,
> [then one must somehow] prop it up
> סמך smk: support, prop up, back up, rescue
> סומך swmk
> סמך smk: uphold, rely
> [then one can] rely
> on this
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> on this
> from the point of view
> משום mšwm: from point of view
> משום mšwm
> משום mšwm: from point of view
> from the point of view
> [that it was simply] an error.
> פהיו phyw: error
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [of fulfilling the law about] the corners [of the field].
> And if
> אם ˀm: if
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if
> And if
> not,
> לא lˀ: not
> לאו lˀw
> לא lˀ: not
> not,
> [then one does] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [then one does] not
> show [it],
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> give,
> [or] only
> אלא ˀlˀ: only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: only
> [but] only
> from the point of view
> משום mšwm: from point of view
> משום mšwm
> משום mšwm: from point of view
> from the point of view
> [of claiming] to have renounced [the privileges].
> פקר pqr: abandoned, forfeit, irreverent, renounce
> הפקר hpqr
> פקר pqr: free, ownerless
> [of fulfilling the law about] ownerless [produce?].

> Peah 1:3

### Nobility laws concern all who stand above the masses, even inferiors.

Here they say that these laws apply to all that gdl-mn-ˀrṣ “grow from the land”, but that phrase puns with gdl-mn-rṣṣ “being greater than the oppressed”. So all who are greater than the oppressed are included, even minor offices. In the explanation that follows, the spooks use their number 1 pun: ˀḥd “one” puns with ˀḥd “ruler” in Aramaic spelling.

#### Peah 1:4

> Encrypted: Generally it is said: As for the definition of nobility, all who have power, or are guardians, or are greater than the oppressed folk, or collecting taxes like a nobleman, or receiving an official position, they are legally subject to the law about nobility. Even followers and inferiors are generally in this category.

> Official: Generally it is said: As for the law about the corners of the field, all that is to food and is guarded and grows from the land, and is harvested as one field, and is stored for storage, it is legally obligated to the law about the corners of the field. Grain and legumes are generally in this category.

> Generally
> כלל kll: all, general
> כלל kll
> כלל kll: all, general
> Generally
> [it is] said:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמרו ˀmrw
> אמר ˀmr: say
> [it is] said:
> [As for the definition of] nobility,
> ב־ b-: among; פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> בפאה bpˀh
> ב־ b-: in; פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [As for the law about] the corners [of the field],
> all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all
> who
> ש־ š-: who; הוא hwˀ: he, who
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it, who
> that [is]
> have power,
> יכל ykl: have power, entrust, empowered
> אכל ˀkl
> אכל ˀkl: consume, food
> [to] food
> or are guardians,
> נ־ n-: make; שמר šmr: keep, guard, protect
> ונשמר wnšmr
> נ־ n-: make; שמר šmr: keep, guard, protect
> and is guarded
> or are greater
> גדל gdl: greatness, dignity, majesty
> וגדוליו wgdwlyw
> גדל gdl: becoming great, growing
> and grows
> than
> מן mn: than
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> the oppressed [folk],
> רצץ rṣṣ: oppress, oppressed
> הארץ hˀrṣ
> ארץ ˀrṣ: land, ground
> the land,
> or collecting [taxes?]
> לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect
> ולקיטתו wlqyṭtw
> לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect
> and is harvested
> like a nobleman,
> כ־ k-: like; אחד ˀḥd: command, rule; אחידא ˀḥydˀ: nobleman
> כאחת kˀḥt
> כ־ k-: as; אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> as one [field],
> or receiving
> מ־ m-: of; כנס kns: enter, receive
> ומכניסו wmknysw
> מכנס mkns: storing up, stock
> and is stored
> an [official] position,
> ל־ l-: to; קום qwm: station, position
> לקיום lqywm
> ל־ l-: to; קום qwm: stand, last, remain
> for storage,
> [they are] legally subject
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> חיב ḥyb
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> [it is] legally obligated
> to [the law about] nobility.
> ב־ b-: among; פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> בפאה bpˀh
> ב־ b-: in; פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> to [the law about] the corners [of the field].
> [Even] followers
> תבועא tbwˁˀ: supporter, tax-gatherer; תבעא tbˁˀ: follower
> והתבואה whtbwˀh
> תבואה tbwˀh: grain, provision
> Grain
> and inferiors
> קטן qṭn: small, inferior
> והקטניות whqṭnywt
> קיטני qyṭny: legumes
> and legumes
> are generally in
> ב־ b-: in; כלל kll: all, general
> בכלל bkll
> ב־ b-: in; כלל kll: all, general
> are generally in
> this [category].
> זה zh: this
> הזה hzh
> זה zh: this
> this [category].

> Peah 1:4

### Leaders in this sense are nobles, but also treasurers and tax-collectors.

Here comes one of those “lengthy lists of arbitrary things” that you often find in ancient encrypted texts.

The authors say that this law also applies to ˀyln “trees”, namely ˀwg “sumacs”, ḥrb “carobs”, ˀgwz “nuts”, šqd “almonds”, gpn “grapevines”, rmwn “pomegranates”, zyt “olives”, and tmr “dates”. But if it’s a law about the corners of a field, why does it apply to trees? And if it applies to trees, why not just say “applies to all trees”?

The solution is that this list is an encryption for ˀylyn “leaders”, namely ˀwgyn “nobles”, qrb “military”, gwz “eunuchs”, sqṭ “tax-collectors”, gbynˀ “creditors”, rmyn “high ranks”, zhywtˀ “distinguished ones”, and ṭmr “treasurers”.

Unlike the official list, the spook list is not a contradiction to the previous section, but complements it: Rulership does not only include nobility in the strict sense, but all positions of power, even the lower ones. (Tax collectors are also specifically mentioned as an example in the 12 tribes parable.) So the laws of spookery cover all such positions, which are listed here.

Whenever you encounter seemingly arbitrary things listed together for no good reason, be suspicious. It might be an encryption.

#### Peah 1:5

> Encrypted: Among leaders: nobility, high-level military, court eunuchs, tax collectors, creditors, high-ranking people, distinguished ones, and treasurers are legally obligated to the laws of nobility.

> Official: Among trees: sumac, carobs, nuts, almonds, grapevines, pomegranates, olives and date palms are legally obligated to the law of corners of the field.

> Among leaders:
> ב־ b-: among; איל ˀyl: leader, chief, despot, power; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> ובאילן wbˀyln
> ב־ b-: among; אילן ˀyln: tree
> Among trees:
> nobility,
> אוגין ˀwgyn: noble
> האוג hˀwg
> אוג ˀwg: sumac
> sumac,
> [high-level] military,
> חרב ḥrb: sword; קרביא qrbyˀ: military
> והחרובין whḥrwbyn
> חרב ḥrb: carob
> carobs,
> [court] eunuchs,
> גוז gwz: cut off, eunuch
> והאגוזים whˀgwzym
> אגוז ˀgwz: nut
> nuts,
> tax collectors,
> סקט sqṭ: lictor, collector of taxes
> והשקדים whšqdym
> שקד šqd: almond
> almonds,
> creditors,
> גבינא gbynˀ: collector; גבי gby: creditor, lictor, tax-gatherer; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> והגפנים whgpnym
> גפן gpn: vine, tendril
> grapevines,
> high-ranking [people],
> רם rm: elevated, supreme, high, high-ranking; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> והרמונים whrmwnym
> רמון rmwn: pomegranate
> pomegranates,
> distinguished [ones],
> זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility; זיותן zywtn: distinguished, noble, imposing
> והזיתים whzytym
> זית zyt: olive
> olives
> and treasurers
> טמר ṭmr: hidden wealth; טמרא ṭmrˀ: treasure
> והתמרים whtmrym
> תמר tmr: date palm
> and date palms
> are legally obligated
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> חיבין ḥybyn
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> are legally obligated
> to [the laws] of nobility.
> ב־ b-: among; פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> בפאה bpˀh
> ב־ b-: in; פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> to [the law] of corners [of the field].

> Peah 1:5

## Exclude compromised masks from office

### He who admits his nobility is excluded from office, until it is smoothened up.

The literal text says that when you are donating, then you are excluded from mˁšr “tithing”, until the harvest stack has been mrḥ “smoothened”, i.e. finished.

The spook text says that when a spook is permitted to reveal his nobility, then he is excluded from mšrh “government offices”, until things have been mrḥ “smoothened up”, i.e. covered up so that the public doesn’t understand he got his office through aristocratic nepotism.

#### Peah 1:6.a

> Encrypted: Always may one show it from the point of view of an individual nobleman, but then be excluded from government offices, until things have been smoothened & plastered up. If one shows it even from the point of view of claiming to have renounced the privileges, then one is excluded from government offices, until things have been smoothened & plastered up. If one reveals it to human cattle, to farmers, or to workers, then one is excluded from government offices, until things have been smoothened & plastered up.

> Official: Always may one give from the corners from the point of view of the law about the corners of the field, and be exempt from tithing, until the stack of produce has been smoothened finished. If one gives from the point of view of the law about ownerless produce, then one is exempt from tithing, until the stack of produce has been smoothened finished. One may feed cattle, wild beasts and birds, and is exempt from tithing, until the stack of produce has been smoothened finished.

> Always
> לעולם lˁwlm: always
> לעולם lˁwlm
> לעולם lˁwlm: always
> Always
> [may] one
> הוא hwˀ: he
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he
> [may] one
> show [it]
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> give [from the corners?]
> from the point of view
> משום mšwm: from point of view
> משום mšwm
> משום mšwm: from point of view
> from the point of view
> [of an individual?] nobleman,
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [of the law about] the corners [of the field],
> but then be excluded
> פטר pṭr: dismiss, remove
> ופטור wpṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> and be exempt
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> government offices,
> משרה mšrh: rule, government, office
> המעשרות hmˁšrwt
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> tithing,
> until
> עד ˁd: until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: until
> until
> [things] have been smoothened & plastered up.
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smear, plaster
> שימרח šymrḥ
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smoothen pile of grain, finish
> [the stack of produce] has been smoothened [finished].
> [If one] shows [it]
> נתן ntn: show, display
> ונותן wnwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [If one] gives
> [even] from the point of view
> משום mšwm: from point of view
> משום mšwm
> משום mšwm: from point of view
> from the point of view
> [of claiming] to have renounced [the privileges],
> פקר pqr: abandoned, forfeit, irreverent, renounce
> הפקר hpqr
> פקר pqr: free, ownerless
> [of the law about] ownerless [produce?],
> [then one] is excluded
> פטר pṭr: dismiss, remove
> ופטור wpṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then one] is exempt
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> government offices,
> משרה mšrh: rule, government, office
> המעשרות hmˁšrwt
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> tithing,
> until
> עד ˁd: until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: until
> until
> [things] have been smoothened & plastered up.
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smear, plaster
> שימרח šymrḥ
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smoothen pile of grain, finish
> [the stack of produce] has been smoothened [finished].
> [If one] reveals [it]
> מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal; גלע glˁ: disclose, lay open
> ומאכיל wmˀkyl
> מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat, food, feed
> [One may] feed
> to [human] cattle,
> ל־ l-: to; בהם bhm: dumb, servant
> לבהמה lbhmh
> ל־ l-: to; בהמה bhmh: cattle
> cattle,
> to farmers,
> ל־ l-: to; חואי ḥwˀy: farmer
> ולחיה wlḥyh
> ל־ l-: to; חיה ḥyh: beast
> wild beasts
> or to workers,
> ל־ l-: to; עוף ˁwp: weak; עיף ˁyp: working
> ולעופות wlˁwpwt
> ל־ l-: to; עוף ˁwp: wing, bird
> and birds,
> then [one] is excluded
> פטר pṭr: dismiss, remove
> ופטור wpṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> and is exempt
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> government offices,
> משרה mšrh: rule, government, office
> המעשרות hmˁšrwt
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> tithing,
> until
> עד ˁd: until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: until
> until
> [things] have been smoothened & plastered up.
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smear, plaster
> שימרח šymrḥ
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smoothen pile of grain, finish
> [the stack of produce] has been smoothened [finished].

> Peah 1:6.a

### He who takes a wife from the plebs is excluded from office, exept the highest ranks.

Here the literal text says that if someone nṭl “takes” from the grn “threshing floor”, he is excluded from mˁšr “tithing”, until the stack is mrḥ “smoothened”. The only exeption are khn “priests” and lwy “Levites”.

The spook text says that when a spook nṭl “marries” someone from the grˁwn “servants”, then he is excluded from mšrh “government offices”, presumably because his spouse might find out things and could tell her common-birth family. The only exeption here are khn “rulers” and ˁlyw “majesties”, because the top-level corruptocrats are of course above all laws.

#### Peah 1:6.b

> Encrypted: If one was takes as a wife one from the servants for offspring, then one is excluded from government offices, until things have been smoothened & plastered up. Those are the words of lord Akiva. Only if a ruler or a supreme majesty takes as a wife a servant girl, then their office is still theirs until things have been smoothened & plastered up. And when a betrothed is divorced, then one is again deserving of one’s office, as long as things have been smoothened & plastered up by one’s superiors.

> Official: If one takes from the threshing floor for having seeds, then one is exempt from tithing, until the stack of produce has been smoothened finished. Those are the words of rabbi Akiva. If a priest or Levite buys produce from a threshing floor, then the tithe is theirs to pay until the stack of produce has been smoothened finished. If one had dedicated one’s produce to the temple but sells it, then one is legally obligated for tithing until the stack of produce has been smoothened finished by the treasurer of the temple.

> [If one] was takes [as a wife]
> נטל nṭl: carry away, marry
> ונוטל wnwṭl
> נטל nṭl: receive, take
> [If one] takes
> [one] from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> the servants
> גרעון grˁwn: servant
> הגרן hgrn
> גרן grn: threshing floor, barn
> the threshing floor
> for offspring,
> זרע zrˁ: semen, offspring, sexual potential
> וזורע wzwrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: seed
> for [having] seeds,
> [then one] is excluded
> פטר pṭr: dismiss, remove
> ופטור wpṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then one] is exempt
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> government offices,
> משרה mšrh: rule, government, office
> המעשרות hmˁšrwt
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> tithing,
> until
> עד ˁd: until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: until
> until
> [things] have been smoothened & plastered up.
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smear, plaster
> שימרח šymrḥ
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smoothen pile of grain, finish
> [the stack of produce] has been smoothened [finished].
> [Those are] the words
> דבר dbr: word
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: word
> [Those are] the words
> of lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> of rabbi
> Akiva.
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva.
> [Only if] a ruler
> כהן khn: stationed, officer, prince, ruler
> כהן khn
> כהן khn: priest
> [If] a priest
> or a supreme majesty
> עליו ˁlyw: majesty; עלי ˁly: higher, supreme
> ולוי wlwy
> לוי lwy: Levite
> or Levite
> takes as a wife
> ש־ š-: make; לקיחה lqyḥh: taking to wife, marrying
> שלקחו šlqḥw
> ש־ š-: make; לקח lqḥ: take, buy
> buys [?]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a servant [girl],
> גרעון grˁwn: servant, beneath one’s dignity
> הגרן hgrn
> גרן grn: threshing floor, barn
> [produce from?] a threshing floor,
> [then their] office
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> המעשרות hmˁšrwt
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> [then] the tithe
> is [still] theirs
> ש־ š-: which; להם lhm: to them
> שלהם šlhm
> ש־ š-: which; להם lhm: to them
> is theirs [to pay?]
> until
> עד ˁd: until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: until
> until
> [things] have been smoothened & plastered up.
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smear, plaster
> שימרח šymrḥ
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smoothen pile of grain, finish
> [the stack of produce] has been smoothened [finished].
> [And when] a betrothed
> מקדש mqdš: betrothed
> המקדיש hmqdyš
> מקדש mqdš: dedicated, consecrated
> [If one had] dedicated [one’s produce to the temple??]
> is divorced,
> פדה pdh: release, liberate, cut loose
> ופודה wpwdh
> פדה pdh: sell, redeem
> but sells [it?],
> [then one is again] deserving
> חיב ḥyb: deserving, liable
> חיב ḥyb
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> [then one is] legally obligated
> of [one’s] office,
> ב־ b-: with; משרה mšrh: rule, government, office
> במעשרות bmˁšrwt
> ב־ b-: with; מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> for tithing
> as long as
> עד ˁd: until, while, as long as
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: until, while, as long as
> until
> [things] have been smoothened & plastered up
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smear, plaster
> שימרח šymrḥ
> ש־ š-: make; מרח mrḥ: smooth, smoothen pile of grain, finish
> [the stack of produce] has been smoothened [finished]
> [by one’s] superiors.
> גזברא gzbrˀ: commander, steward
> הגזבר hgzbr
> גזבר gzbr: manager, treasurer
> [by] the treasurer [of the temple???].

> Peah 1:6.b

## Feigning separation of powers

### Possession, ranks and succession should be separated off.

#### Peah 2:1.a

This paragraph lists things that “separate” a field for taxation purposes, most notably drk “roads”, šbyl “paths”, and zrˁ “seeds”.

The encrypted meaning is probably that profits must be “separated” in the public view from nepotist connections, namely drg “ranks” of nobility, šbl “leadership” titles, and being zrˁ “offspring” of some corrupt bigwig.

> Encrypted: These should be separated off from public view for the nobility: possession & inheritance, ruling & dominion, a rank that is hidden, a rank that is public, leadership that is public, even leadership that is hidden, if one is permanently among the people observing and among the people being a spy, being offspring of someone prosperous, and being offspring of a nobleman.

> Official: These divide a field for corner donations: a stream, a pond, a road of one person, a road of many persons, a path of many persons, even a path of just one person, if it is permanently used in times of heat and in times of rains, a field that is ploughed, and seed that is different.

> These
> אלו ˀlw: these
> ואלו wˀlw
> אלו ˀlw: these
> These
> [should be] separated off [from public view]
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: cut off, sever connection
> מפסיקין mpsyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: divide, split, separate
> divide [a field]
> for the nobility:
> ל־ l-: for; פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> לפאה lpˀh
> ל־ l-: for; פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> for corner [donations]:
> possession & inheritance,
> נחל nḥl: possession, inherit; נחלה nḥlh: right of succession
> הנחל hnḥl
> נחל nḥl: torrent, stream
> a stream,
> ruling & dominion,
> שליט šlyṭ: ruler, commander; שלט šlṭ: rule, master, dominion
> והשלולית whšlwlyt
> שלולית šlwlyt: pool, pond
> a pond,
> a rank
> דרגא drgˀ: degree, rank, status, office
> ודרך wdrk
> דרך drk: way, road
> a road
> [that] is hidden,
> אחד ˀḥd: closed up, hidden
> היחיד hyḥyd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> of one [person],
> a rank
> דרגא drgˀ: degree, rank, status, office
> ודרך wdrk
> דרך drk: way, road
> a road
> [that] is public,
> רבים rbym: public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people
> of many [persons],
> leadership
> שבל šbl: lead, leader
> ושביל wšbyl
> שביל šbyl: way, path
> a path
> [that] is public,
> רבים rbym: public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people
> of many [persons],
> [even] leadership
> שבל šbl: lead, leader
> ושביל wšbyl
> שביל šbyl: way, path
> [even] a path
> [that] is hidden,
> אחד ˀḥd: closed up, hidden
> היחיד hyḥyd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> of [just] one [person],
> [if one is] permanently
> קבוע qbwˁ: permanent
> הקבוע hqbwˁ
> קבוע qbwˁ: permanent
> [if it is] permanently [used]
> among the people
> ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
> בימות bymwt
> ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: time
> in times
> observing
> חמה ḥmh: see, observe
> החמה hḥmh
> חמה ḥmh: heat
> of heat
> and among the people
> ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
> ובימות wbymwt
> ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: time
> and in times
> being a spy,
> גשש gšš: spy, scout; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> הגשמים hgšmym
> גשם gšm: rain; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> of rains,
> being offspring
> בר br: son, offspring
> והבור whbwr
> בר br: field
> a field
> [of someone] prosperous,
> ניר nyr: splendor, prosperity; נאור nˀwr: glorious
> והניר whnyr
> ניר nyr: broken, ploughed
> [that is] ploughed,
> and being offspring
> זרע zrˁ: offspring, family
> וזרע wzrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: seed
> and seed
> of a nobleman.
> חר ḥr: nobleman
> אחר ˀḥr
> אחר ˀḥr: different, other
> [that is] different.

> Peah 2:1.a

### Simple oppression must only be separated if it really has to be secret.

Here’s a dispute whether šḥt “fodder” must always be “separated”, or only if it’s ḥrš “plowed”. This really makes no sense.

The encrypted text probably says that šḥt “oppression” only needs to be “separated” if there’s a need for special ḥrš “secrecy”.

#### Peah 2:1.b

> Encrypted: If one harvests by simple corruption & squeezing out the people, then that must be separated off, says lord Meir. But the advisors say: It does not have to be separated off, except if it is done too roughly.

> Official: If one harvests for animal fodder, then that field divides the others, says rabbi Meir. But the sages say: It does not divide, except if it is plowed.

> [If one] harvests
> קצר qṣr: cut, harvest
> והקוצר whqwṣr
> קצר qṣr: cut, harvest
> [If one] harvests
> [by simple] corruption & squeezing out [the people],
> ל־ l-: for; שחת šḥt: corruption; שחט šḥṭ: corrupt, squeeze, press out
> לשחת lšḥt
> ל־ l-: for; שחת šḥt: green fodder
> for [animal] fodder,
> [then that must be] separated off,
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: cut off, divide off, sever connection
> מפסיק mpsyq
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: divide, split, separate
> [then that field] divides [the others?],
> says
> דבר dbr: say, word
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: say, word
> says
> lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Meir.
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> מאיר mˀyr
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> Meir.
> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the sages
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [It does] not [have to]
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [It does] not
> be separated off,
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: cut off, divide off, sever connection
> מפסיק mpsyq
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: divide, split, separate
> divide,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: except, but, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: except, but, only
> except
> if
> אם ˀm: if
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if
> if
> [it]
> כן kn: thus
> כן kn
> כן kn: thus
> [it]
> [is done too] roughly.
> חרוס ḥrws: rough, coarse; חרוסא ḥrwsˀ: harsh, clumsy
> חרש ḥrš
> חרש ḥrš: plough
> is plowed.

> Peah 2:1.b

### When the human cattle cannot overcome your goons, you can harvest profits openly.

Here’s a funny one: The literal text says that if bqr “cattle” with their kly “tools” cannot ˁbr “overcome” a hr “hill” that is ˁdr “hoed” with a ˁdr “hoe”, then separation laws can be waived. Totally senseless and cryptic.

But the encrypted text says that if (human) bqr “cattle” with their simple kly “tools” cannot ˁbr “overcome” a ḥr “nobleman” that is ˀdr “surrounded” by (armed) ˁdr “helpers”, then the separation laws can be waived for him. Because the human cattle cannot do anything anyway. That is the third-world model, where the regional governors commit many corruption crimes more or less openly, but in turn have to be defended by a larger army of goons.

#### Peah 2:2

> Encrypted: When there are resistant people which make it not possible to harvest profits like a true nobleman, lord Yehudah says: then that should be separated off. But all noblemen who with helpers are surrounded, though it must be those which not the human cattle is capable to overcome with their tools, then they can show official nobility for everything.

> Official: When there is a body of water which makes it not possible to harvest the field as one field, rabbi Yehudah says: then it divides. But all hills which can with a hoe be hoed, even though it is which not the cattle is capable to pass over with harnessed tools, it is to give one donation from the corners for all of the divided fields.

> When
> אמתי ˀmty: when, whenever
> אמת ˀmt
> אמתי ˀmty: when, whenever
> When
> [there are resistant] people
> עמים ˁmym: people
> המים hmym
> מים mym: water
> [there is a body of] water
> which [make it] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינה šˀynh
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> which [makes it] not
> possible
> יכול ykwl: capable, able
> יכולה ykwlh
> יכול ykwl: capable, able
> possible
> to harvest [profits]
> ל־ l-: to; קצר qṣr: cut, harvest
> להקצר lhqṣr
> ל־ l-: to; קצר qṣr: cut, harvest
> to harvest
> like a [true] nobleman,
> כ־ k-: like; אחד ˀḥd: command, rule; אחידא ˀḥydˀ: nobleman
> כאחת kˀḥt
> כ־ k-: as; אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> [the field] as one [field],
> lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [then that should] be separated off.
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: cut off, sever connection
> מפסקת mpsqt
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: divide, split, separate
> [then it] divides.
> But all
> כל kl: all
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all
> But all
> noblemen
> חר ḥr: nobleman; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> ההרים hhrym
> הר hr: hill; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> hills
> who
> אשר ˀšr: that, which, who
> אשר ˀšr
> אשר ˀšr: that, which, who
> which
> with helpers
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; עדר ˁdr: help, helper, assist
> במעדר bmˁdr
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; עדר ˁdr: hoe, pick
> [can] with a hoe
> are surrounded,
> אדר ˀdr: surround
> יעדרון yˁdrwn
> עדר ˁdr: hoe, pick
> be hoed,
> though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> [it must be those] which not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [it is] which not
> the [human] cattle
> בהם bhm: dumb, servant
> הבקר hbqr
> בקר bqr: cattle, herd
> the cattle
> is capable
> יכול ykwl: capable, able
> יכול ykwl
> יכול ykwl: capable, able
> is capable
> to overcome
> ל־ l-: to; עבר ˁbr: violate, remove, overcome
> לעבר lˁbr
> ל־ l-: to; עבר ˁbr: cross, pass over
> to pass over
> with [their] tools,
> ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: vessel, utensil, tool
> בכליו bklyw
> ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: vessel, utensil, tool
> with [harnessed] tools,
> [then] they
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it
> [can] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [is to] give
> [official] nobility
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [one donation from] the corners
> for everything.
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> לכל lkl
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> for all [of the divided fields??].

> Peah 2:2

### Family should be separated, military nobles can be visible.

Here the literal text says that zrˁ “seeds” must be separated, but ˀyln “trees” do not when they have šˁr-ktš “touching crowns”, or when they are ḥrb “carobs”. However, zyt “olives” need to be separated according to their rwḥ “directions” they are facing.

The encrypted text seems to say that zrˁ “family” must be separated (from public offices), but ˀylyn “leaders” do not when they are šr-ktš “fighting noblemen”, i.e. when they are qrb “soldiers” (of high rank). That’s probably because the subjects always easily believed the lie that nobles would actually fight for them, instead of against them. Public separation is then only needed for zhywtˀ “nobles” according to their rwḥ “profitable” business.

#### Peah 2:3.a

> Encrypted: All those should be separated off for the family, but do not have to be separated off for the leaders themselves, except when they must be walled off completely. If there are noblemen of the fighting forces, then this does not have to be separated off, but they may publicly show to be noblemen for them all.

> Official: All those divide a field planted with seeds, but do not divide a field for trees, except with a fence. If there are crowns of trees touching over the fence, then it does not divide the field, but one gives one donation for the corners for all of the field.

> All [those]
> כל kl: all
> הכל hkl
> כל kl: all
> All [those]
> [should] be separated off
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: cut off, divide off, sever connection
> מפסיק mpsyq
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: divide, split, separate
> divide [a field]
> for the family,
> ל־ l-: for; זרע zrˁ: offspring, family; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> לזרעים lzrˁym
> ל־ l-: for; זרע zrˁ: seed; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> [planted] with seeds,
> but do not [have to be]
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואינו wˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> but [do] not
> separated off
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: cut off, divide off, sever connection
> מפסיק mpsyq
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: divide, split, separate
> divide [a field]
> for the leaders [themselves],
> ל־ l-: for; איל ˀyl: leader, chief, despot, power; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> לאילן lˀyln
> ל־ l-: for; אילן ˀyln: tree
> for trees,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: except, but, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: except, but, only
> except
> [when they must] be walled off [completely].
> גדר gdr: wall, fence, fence in, enclose
> גדר gdr
> גדר gdr: wall, fence, fence in, enclose
> [with] a fence.
> If
> אם ˀm: if
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if
> If
> [there] are
> היה hyh: be
> היה hyh
> היה hyh: be
> [there] are
> noblemen
> שר šr: ruler, prince, nobleman
> שער šˁr
> שער šˁr: crown of tree, stem
> crowns [of trees]
> [of] the fighting [forces?],
> כתש ktš: fight, contest
> כותש kwtš
> כתש ktš: touch
> touching [over the fence?],
> [then this] does not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [then it] does not
> [have to] be separated off,
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: cut off, divide off, sever connection
> מפסיק mpsyq
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: divide, split, separate
> divide [the field],
> but
> אלא ˀlˀ: except, but, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: except, but, only
> but
> [they may publicly] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> one gives
> to be noblemen
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [one donation for] the corners
> for [them] all.
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> לכל lkl
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> for all [of the field?].

> Peah 2:3.a

#### Peah 2:4.a

> Encrypted: As for military ranks, all that are associates this one to that one.

> Official: As for carob trees, all that see each other this one to that one.

> As for military [ranks],
> ל־ l-: for; חרב ḥrb: sword, war; קרב qrb: soldier; קרביא qrbyˀ: military
> ולחרובין wlḥrwbyn
> ל־ l-: for; חרב ḥrb: carob
> As for carob [trees],
> all [that]
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all [that]
> are associates
> רע rˁ: comrade, associate
> הרואין hrwˀyn
> ראה rˀh: see, show
> see [each other]
> this [one]
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> this [one]
> to
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> to
> that [one].
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> that [one].

> Peah 2:4.a

#### Peah 2:4.b

> Encrypted: Says lord Gamliel: This custom existed in the house of my father: We would show the nobility as one family for each group of nobles which would be to them in each profitable business, and for the military ranks one for all that were associates this one to that one.

> Official: Says rabban Gamliel: This custom existed in the house of my father: We would give of the corners one donation for each group of olive trees which would be to them in each direction, and for the carob trees one for all that saw this one to that one.

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> rabban
> Gamliel:
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> גמליאל gmlyˀl
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> Gamliel:
> [This] custom
> נוהג nwhg: custom
> נוהגין nwhgyn
> נוהג nwhg: custom
> [This] custom
> existed
> היה hyh: be, exist
> היו hyw
> היה hyh: be, exist
> existed
> [in] the house
> בית byt: house
> בית byt
> בית byt: house
> [in] the house
> of my father:
> אב ˀb: father
> אבא ˀbˀ
> אב ˀb: father
> of my father:
> [We would] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give
> [We would] give
> the nobility
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [of] the corners
> [as] one [family?]
> אחד ˀḥd: closed up, hidden
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> one [donation?]
> for [each group] of nobles
> זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility; זיותן zywtn: distinguished, noble, imposing; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> לזיתים lzytym
> ל־ l-: for; זית zyt: olive; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> for [each group] of olive [trees]
> which [would] be
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> שהיו šhyw
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> which [would] be
> to them
> להם lhm: to them
> להם lhm
> להם lhm: to them
> to them
> in each
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, each
> בכל bkl
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, each
> in each
> profitable [business],
> רוח rwḥ: profit, gain
> רוח rwḥ
> רוח rwḥ: wind, direction
> direction,
> and for the military [ranks]
> ל־ l-: for; חרב ḥrb: sword, war; קרב qrb: soldier; קרביא qrbyˀ: military
> ולחרובין wlḥrwbyn
> ל־ l-: for; חרב ḥrb: carob
> and for the carob [trees]
> [one for?] all
> כל kl: all, each
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, each
> [one for?] all
> [that were] associates
> רע rˁ: comrade, associate
> הרואין hrwˀyn
> ראה rˀh: see, show
> [that] saw
> this [one]
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> this [one]
> to
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> to
> that [one].
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> that [one].

> Peah 2:4.b

#### Peah 2:4.c

> Encrypted: Lord Eliezer son of lord Zadoq said in his name: Even for the military ranks which were to them in the whole city.

> Official: Rabbi Eliezer son of rabbi Zadoq said in his name: Even for the carob trees which were to them in the whole city.

> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> son of lord
> בר br: son; רב rb: lord, master, noble
> ברבי brby
> בר br: son; רבי rby: rabbi
> son of rabbi
> Zadoq
> צדוק ṣdwq: Zadoq
> צדוק ṣdwq
> צדוק ṣdwq: Zadoq
> Zadoq
> said
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> said
> in his name:
> מ־ m-: by, of; שם šm: name
> משמו mšmw
> מ־ m-: by, of; שם šm: name
> in his name:
> Even
> אף ˀp: even, though
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even, though
> Even
> for the military [ranks]
> ל־ l-: for; חרב ḥrb: sword, war; קרב qrb: soldier; קרביא qrbyˀ: military
> לחרובין lḥrwbyn
> ל־ l-: for; חרב ḥrb: carob
> for the carob [trees]
> which were
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> שהיו šhyw
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> which were
> to them
> להם lhm: to them
> להם lhm
> להם lhm: to them
> to them
> in the whole
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, whole
> בכל bkl
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, whole
> in the whole
> city.
> עיר ˁyr: city
> העיר hˁyr
> עיר ˁyr: city
> city.

> Peah 2:4.c

## Feigning separation of nations

### Government offices of two nations must be shown as two noble clans.

Here the literal text discusses whether a šdh “field” with one or two myn “kinds” of zrˁ “seed” must be “separated”, when the owner ˁšh “makes” one or two grn “threshing floors”.

The encrypted text seems to discuss whether šdh “offices” of one or two myn “nations” run by several zrˁ “families” must be publicly “separated”, when they ˁšh “act” as one or two krn “clans”.

The rule seems to be that one “family” should be shown per “nation”. The subjects wouldn’t like it if they knew that one aristocratic clan had taken over several nations, city-states, trades or industries. And apparently, it also wouldn’t look good if several clans publicly nested inside the same government of the same nation. Both cases occur regularly in reality though, to the present day, and Miles has often encountered this in his research. Globalized nepotism is what nobility is all about.

#### Peah 2:5.a

> Encrypted: If one has family with offices of a nation a single one, even though that one is secretly acting as two clans one shows a family of nobility only a single one.

> Official: If one plants the field of a kind a single one, even though that one is making two threshing floors full of grain, one gives corner donation only one.

> [If one has] family
> זרע zrˁ: offspring, family
> הזורע hzwrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: plant, seed
> [If one] plants
> with
> את ˀt: with
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> offices
> שדה šdh: position, office, status
> שדהו šdhw
> שדה šdh: field, land
> the field
> [of] a nation
> מין myn: nation, people
> מין myn
> מין myn: kind, species
> [of] a kind
> a single one,
> אחד ˀḥd: single, one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: single, one
> a single one,
> even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> that one
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> that one
> is [secretly] acting [as]
> עשה ˁšh: act, perform
> עושהו ˁwšhw
> עשה ˁšh: do, make
> is making
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> clans
> כרן krn: clan, nation
> גרנות grnwt
> גרן grn: threshing floor, barn
> threshing floors [full of grain?],
> [one] shows
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [one] gives
> a [family] of nobility
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corner [donation]
> [only] a single one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> [only] one.

> Peah 2:5.a

#### Peah 2:5.b

> Encrypted: If one has family owning two nations, even though that one is secretly acting as a clan a single one, one must show two noble families.

> Official: If one plants two kinds of seeds, even though that one is making a threshing floor one, one must give two corner donations.

> [If one has] family
> זרע zrˁ: offspring, family
> זרעה zrˁh
> זרע zrˁ: plant, seed
> [If one] plants
> [owning] two
> שני šny: two
> שני šny
> שני šny: two
> two
> nations,
> מין myn: nation, people
> מינין mynyn
> מין myn: kind, species
> kinds [of seeds],
> even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> that [one is secretly] acting [as]
> ש־ š-: which; עשה ˁšh: act, perform
> שעשאן šˁšˀn
> ש־ š-: which; עשה ˁšh: do, make
> that [one] is making
> a clan
> כרן krn: clan, nation
> גרן grn
> גרן grn: threshing floor, barn
> a threshing floor
> a single one,
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> one,
> [one must] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [one must] give
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> noble [families].
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאות pˀwt
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corner [donations].

> Peah 2:5.b

### To show one clan for two nations, one can claim the members were just adopted.

Here follow a strange paragraph where two rby “rabbis” have a šdh “field” with two myn “kinds” of ḥṭyn “wheat”, but want to ˁšh “make” just one grn “threshing floor” for donations. They’re then told to follow a tradition which was in turn qbl “received” by a long chain of rabbis. The tradition is simply that for one grn “threshing floor” it’s one donation, and for two grn “threshing floors” it’s two donations. Some tradition.

The encrypted text seems to say that two rb “lordly” families hold šdh “offices” in two myn “nations”, but are ḥtn “allied by marriage”, and thus want to officially ˁšh “act” as one grn “clan”. They’re then told to follow a tradition where nobles are officially qbl “adopted” in long chains, concealing that they were a single family all along. That way, they can act as one grn “clan” in some respects, but for the two populations of grˁwn “servants” it’s still two clans.

#### Peah 2:5.c

> Encrypted: If one has a family with offices of two nations and is allied by marriages, if one wanted to act as a clan a single one, one would want to show a noble family a single one. But for the two sets of servants, one must show two noble families.

> Official: One who plants the field of two kinds of wheat, if one makes a threshing floor one, one gives a corner donation one. But for two threshing floors one gives two corner donations.

> [If one has] a family
> זרע zrˁ: offspring, family
> הזורע hzwrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: plant, seed
> [One who] plants
> with
> את ˀt: with
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> offices
> שדה šdh: position, office, status
> שדהו šdhw
> שדה šdh: field, land
> the field
> [of] two
> שני šny: two
> שני šny
> שני šny: two
> [of] two
> nations
> מין myn: nation, people
> מיני myny
> מין myn: kind, species
> kinds
> [and is] allied by marriages,
> חתן ḥtn: tie, connect, ally by marriage
> חטין ḥṭyn
> חטה ḥṭh: wheat; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> of wheat,
> [if one wanted] to act [as]
> עשה ˁšh: act, perform
> עשאן ˁšˀn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make
> [if one] makes
> a clan
> כרן krn: clan, nation
> גרן grn
> גרן grn: threshing floor, barn
> a threshing floor
> a single one,
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> one,
> [one would want] to show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [one] gives
> a noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> a corner [donation]
> a single one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> one.
> [But for] the two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> [But for] two
> [sets of] servants,
> גרעון grˁwn: servant
> גרנות grnwt
> גרן grn: threshing floor, barn
> threshing floors
> [one must] show
> נתן ntn: give
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [one] gives
> two
> שני šny: two
> שתי šty
> שני šny: two
> two
> noble [families].
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאות pˀwt
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corner [donations].

> Peah 2:5.c

#### Peah 2:6.a

> Encrypted: It happened that had such a family lord Shimon man of Mitspah toward lord Gamliel. They went up to the chamber of disappearance and asked how to proceed. Said Nahum the secretary:

> Official: It happened that planted two kinds rabbi Shimon man of Mitspah, and went before rabban Gamliel. They went up to the chamber of cut stones and asked how to proceed. Said Nahum the scribe:

> It happened
> מעשה mˁšh: event, happening
> מעשה mˁšh
> מעשה mˁšh: event, happening
> It happened
> that [had such] a family
> ש־ š-: that; זרע zrˁ: offspring, family
> שזרע šzrˁ
> ש־ š-: that; זרע zrˁ: plant, seed
> that planted [two kinds]
> lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Shimon
> שמעון šmˁwn: Shimon
> שמעון šmˁwn
> שמעון šmˁwn: Shimon
> Shimon
> man of
> איש ˀyš: man
> איש ˀyš
> איש ˀyš: man
> man of
> Mitspah
> מצפה mṣph: watchman
> המצפה hmṣph
> מצפה mṣph: Mitspah, watchtower
> Mitspah,
> toward
> ל־ l-: to; פני pny: turn toward
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> [and went] before
> lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> rabban
> Gamliel.
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> גמליאל gmlyˀl
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> Gamliel.
> [They] went up
> עלה ˁlh: go up
> ועלו wˁlw
> עלה ˁlh: go up
> [They] went up
> to the chamber
> ל־ l-: to; לשך lšk: chamber
> ללשכת llškt
> ל־ l-: to; לשך lšk: chamber
> to the chamber
> of disappearance [?]
> גוז gwz: cut off, disappear, make to vanish
> הגזית hgzyt
> גוז gwz: cut
> of cut [stones?]
> and asked [how to proceed].
> שאל šˀl: ask
> ושאלו wšˀlw
> שאל šˀl: ask
> and asked [how to proceed].
> Said
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Said
> Nahum
> נחום nḥwm: Nahum
> נחום nḥwm
> נחום nḥwm: Nahum
> Nahum
> the secretary:
> לבלר lblr: scribe, clerk, secretary
> הלבלר hlblr
> לבלר lblr: scribe, clerk, secretary
> the scribe:

> Peah 2:6.a

#### Peah 2:6.b

> Encrypted: This is a tradition I got from lord Meyasha, who was claimed to be adopted by a nobleman, who was claimed to be adopted by one who married a noblewoman, who was claimed to be adopted by one who was officially offspring of nobility. So this is a traditional way for mighty people of disguising their aristocratic roots.

> Official: This is a tradition I got from rabbi Meyasha, who received it from Abba, who received it from a pair of sages, who received it from the prophets. So this is a traditional law attributed to Moses from Sinai.

> [This is] a tradition
> מקבל mqbl: accepted, traditional
> מקבל mqbl
> מקבל mqbl: accepted, traditional
> [This is] a tradition
> I [got]
> אני ˀny: I
> אני ˀny
> אני ˀny: I
> I [got]
> from lord
> מ־ m-: from; רב rb: lord
> מרבי mrby
> מ־ m-: from; רבי rby: rabbi
> from rabbi
> Meyasha,
> מיאשא myˀšˀ: Meyasha
> מיאשא myˀšˀ
> מיאשא myˀšˀ: Meyasha
> Meyasha,
> who was [claimed] to be adopted
> ש־ š-: who; קבל qbl: adopt; קובל qwbl: adoption
> שקבל šqbl
> ש־ š-: who; קבל qbl: receive
> who received [it]
> by a nobleman,
> מ־ m-: by; אבי ˀby: patrician, noble
> מאבא mˀbˀ
> מ־ m-: from; אבא ˀbˀ: Abba
> from Abba,
> who was [claimed] to be adopted
> ש־ š-: who; קבל qbl: adopt; קובל qwbl: adoption
> שקבל šqbl
> ש־ š-: which; קבל qbl: receive
> who received [it]
> by
> מן mn: by
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> [one who] married [a noblewoman],
> זוג zwg: couple, join, marriage
> הזוגות hzwgwt
> זוג zwg: pair
> a pair [of sages?],
> who was [claimed] to be adopted
> ש־ š-: who; קבל qbl: adopt; קובל qwbl: adoption
> שקבלו šqblw
> ש־ š-: who; קבל qbl: receive
> who received [it]
> by
> מן mn: by
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> [one who was officially] offspring [of nobility].
> נבע nbˁ: have offspring
> הנביאים hnbyˀym
> נביא nbyˀ: prophet
> the prophets.
> [So this is] a traditional way
> הלכה hlkh: traditional law
> הלכה hlkh
> הלכה hlkh: traditional law
> [So this is] a traditional law
> for mighty [people]
> ל־ l-: for; אמץ ˀmṣ: strength, might
> למשה lmšh
> ל־ l-: to; משה mšh: Moses
> [attributed?] to Moses
> of disguising [their aristocratic roots].
> מ־ m-: of; שני šny: disguise
> מסיני msyny
> מ־ m-: from; סיני syny: Sinai
> from Sinai.

> Peah 2:6.b

#### Peah 2:6.c

> Encrypted: If one has families with offices of two nations and is allied by marriages, and if one wants to act as a clan a single one, one can show a noble family a single one with these claims of adoption. And for the two sets of servants, one still shows two noble families at the same time.

> Official: If one plants the field of two kinds of grains, but if one still makes a threshing floor one, one gives a corner donation one. But for two threshing floors, one gives two corner donations.

> [If one has] families
> זרע zrˁ: offspring, family
> בזורע bzwrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: plant, seed
> [If one] plants
> with
> את ˀt: with
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> offices
> שדה šdh: position, office, status
> שדהו šdhw
> שדה šdh: field, land
> the field
> [of] two
> שני šny: two
> שני šny
> שני šny: two
> [of] two
> nations
> מין myn: nation, people
> מיני myny
> מין myn: kind, species
> kinds
> [and is] allied by marriages,
> חתן ḥtn: tie, connect, ally by marriage
> חטין ḥṭyn
> חטה ḥṭh: wheat; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> of grains,
> [and] if
> אם ˀm: if
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if
> [but] if
> [one wants to] act [as]
> עשה ˁšh: act, perform
> עשאן ˁšˀn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make
> [one still] makes
> a clan
> כרן krn: clan, nation
> גרן grn
> גרן grn: threshing floor, barn
> a threshing floor
> a single one,
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> one,
> [one can] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [one] gives
> a noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> a corner [donation]
> a single one [with these claims of adoption].
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one; אחד ˀḥd: one
> one.
> [And for] the two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> [But for] two
> [sets of] servants,
> גרעון grˁwn: servant
> גרנות grnwt
> גרן grn: threshing floor, barn
> threshing floors,
> [one still] shows
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [one] gives
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> noble [families at the same time].
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאות pˀwt
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corner [donations].

> Peah 2:6.c

### Plundering nobles may hide their ownership of the land, as the nobility stands for stability.

#### Peah 2:7.a

> Encrypted: A land which is being harvested for profit in agreement, or harvested by plundering, or cut up by a creditor, or broken into pieces for profit or for the human cattle, it is excempt from these rules.

> Official: A field which was harvested by Cutheans, or harvested by thieves, or gnawed by ants, or broken down by the wind or by cattle, it is excempt from donations.

> A land
> שדה šdh: position, office, status
> שדה šdh
> שדה šdh: field, land
> A field
> which is being harvested [for profit]
> ש־ š-: which; קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> שקצרוה šqṣrwh
> ש־ š-: which; קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> which was harvested
> in agreement,
> כות kwt: like, in agreement with
> כותים kwtym
> כותי kwty: Cuthean, Samaritan
> [by] Cutheans,
> [or] harvested
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> קצרוה qṣrwh
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> [or] harvested
> [by] plundering [?],
> לסטא lsṭˀ: rob, plunder, ransack
> לסטים lsṭym
> לסט lsṭ: robber, thief
> [by] thieves,
> [or] cut up
> קרסם qrsm: cut off, cut up
> קרסמוה qrsmwh
> קרסם qrsm: gnaw
> [or] gnawed
> [by] a creditor [?],
> מלוה mlwh: loan, creditor
> נמלים nmlym
> נמלה nmlh: ant
> [by] ants,
> [or] broken into pieces
> שבר šbr: break into pieces
> שברתה šbrth
> שבר šbr: break down, crush
> [or] broken down
> [for] profit
> רוח rwḥ: profit, gain
> הרוח hrwḥ
> רוח rwḥ: wind
> [by] the wind
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> [for] the [human] cattle,
> בהם bhm: dumb, servant
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: cattle
> [by] cattle,
> [it is] excempt [from these rules].
> פטר pṭr: dismiss, remove
> פטורה pṭwrh
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [it is] excempt [from donations].

> Peah 2:7.a

#### Peah 2:7.b

> Encrypted: If one harvests normally half of it, and harvests by plundering the other half, then one is exempt from these rules, because the official obligation of the nobility is in superficial stability.

> Official: If one harvested half of it, and harvested thieves the other half, then one is exempt from donations, because the obligation of corner donations is in the standing grain stalks.

> [If one] harvests [normally]
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> קצר qṣr
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> [If one] harvested
> half [of it],
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> חציה ḥṣyh
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> half [of it],
> and harvests
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> וקצרו wqṣrw
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> and harvested
> [by] plundering [?]
> לסטא lsṭˀ: rob, plunder, ransack
> לסטים lsṭym
> לסט lsṭ: robber, thief
> thieves
> [the other] half,
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> חציה ḥṣyh
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> [the other] half,
> [then one is] exempt [from these rules],
> פטר pṭr: dismiss, remove
> פטורה pṭwrh
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then one is] exempt [from donations],
> [because] the [official] obligation
> ש־ š-: that; חובה ḥwbh: obligation, duty, debt
> שחובת šḥwbt
> ש־ š-: that; חובה ḥwbh: obligation, duty, debt
> [because] the obligation
> [of] the nobility
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> הפאה hpˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [of] corner [donations]
> [is] in [superficial] stability.
> ב־ b-: in; קום qwm: be identified, stability, constancy
> בקמה bqmh
> ב־ b-: in; קום qwm: stand
> [is] in the standing [grain stalks].

> Peah 2:7.b

#### Peah 2:8.a

> Encrypted: If one harvested by plundering a half, and harvested normally by oneself the other half, then one shows a noble family for what one is harvesting by oneself.

> Official: If harvested robbers a half, and harvested one the other half, then one gives corner donations from what one has harvested.

> If [one] harvested
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> קצרוה qṣrwh
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> If harvested
> [by] plundering [?]
> לסטא lsṭˀ: rob, plunder, ransack
> לסטים lsṭym
> לסט lsṭ: robber, thief
> robbers
> a half,
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> חציה ḥṣyh
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> a half,
> and harvested
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> וקצר wqṣr
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> and harvested
> [normally by oneself]
> הוא hwˀ: he
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he
> [one]
> [the other] half,
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> חציה ḥṣyh
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> [the other] half,
> [then one] shows
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [then one] gives
> a noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corner [donations]
> for what
> מ־ m-: for; מה mh: what
> ממה mmh
> מ־ m-: from; מה mh: what
> from what
> [one] is harvesting [by oneself].
> ש־ š-: which; קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> שקצר šqṣr
> ש־ š-: which; קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> [one] has harvested.

> Peah 2:8.a

### Nobles who buy parts of a nation must be shown as from the family who owns it.

#### Peah 2:8.b

> Encrypted: If one harvests half of it, and sells the other half, he who buys it must be shown as being of the noble family for the whole.

> Official: If one harvests half of it, and sells the other half, he who buys it must give corner donations for the whole.

> [If one] harvests
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> קצר qṣr
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> [If one] harvests
> half [of it],
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> חציה ḥṣyh
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> half [of it],
> and sells
> מכר mkr: sell
> ומכר wmkr
> מכר mkr: sell
> and sells
> [the other] half,
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> חציה ḥṣyh
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> [the other] half,
> [he who] buys [it]
> לקח lqḥ: take, buy
> הלוקח hlwqḥ
> לקח lqḥ: take, buy
> [he who] buys [it]
> [must] be shown
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [must] give
> [as being of] the noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corner [donations]
> for the whole.
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> לכל lkl
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> for the whole.

> Peah 2:8.b

#### Peah 2:8.c

> Encrypted: If one harvests half and designates as mortgage the other half, he who redeems it immediately when he gets it from the treasurer, he must be shown as being of the noble family for the whole.

> Official: If one harvests half and dedicates the other half, he who redeems it immediately when he gets it from the temple treasurer, he must give corner donations for the whole.

> [If one] harvests
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> קצר qṣr
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> [If one] harvests
> half
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> חציה ḥṣyh
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> half
> and designates [as mortgage?]
> קדש qdš: dedicate, designate, cut off
> והקדיש whqdyš
> קדש qdš: dedicate, designate, cut off
> and dedicates
> [the other] half,
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> חציה ḥṣyh
> חצי ḥṣy: half
> [the other] half,
> [he who] redeems [it]
> פדה pdh: release, liberate, cut loose
> הפודה hpwdh
> פדה pdh: sell, redeem
> [he who] redeems [it]
> immediately [when he gets it]
> מיד myd: immediately
> מיד myd
> מיד myd: immediately
> immediately [when he gets it]
> [from the] treasurer,
> גזבר gzbr: manager, treasurer
> הגזבר hgzbr
> גזבר gzbr: manager, treasurer
> [from the temple] treasurer,
> he
> הוא hwˀ: he
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he
> he
> [must] be shown
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [must] give
> [as being of] the noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corner [donations]
> for the whole.
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> לכל lkl
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> for the whole.

> Peah 2:8.c

### With individual plots of profiteering, one can show one or many noble clans.

#### Peah 3:1.a

> Encrypted: As for plots of profit among the nobility: The school of Shammai say: One needs to show a noble family for each one and every one. The school of Hillel say: From one for the whole.

> Official: As for plots of grain among olive trees: The school of Shammai say: One needs to give corner donations from each one and every one. The school of Hillel say: From one for the whole.

> [As for] plots
> מלבן mlbn: frame, mould, plot
> מלבנות mlbnwt
> מלבן mlbn: frame, mould, plot
> [As for] plots
> of profit
> תבואה tbwˀh: yield, product, income, revenue, profit
> התבואה htbwˀh
> תבואה tbwˀh: grain
> of grain
> among
> ש־ š-: which; בין byn: among
> שבין šbyn
> ש־ š-: which; בין byn: among
> among
> the nobility:
> זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility; זיותן zywtn: distinguished, noble, imposing
> הזיתים hzytym
> זית zyt: olive
> olive [trees]:
> The school
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The school
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One needs to show] a noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [One needs to give] corner [donations]
> for each
> מ־ m-: for; כל kl: all, each
> מכל mkl
> מ־ m-: from; כל kl: all, each
> from each
> one
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one
> and [every] one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> ואחת wˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> and [every] one.
> The school
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The school
> of Hillel
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> From one
> מ־ m-: from; אחד ˀḥd: one
> מאחד mˀḥd
> מ־ m-: from; אחד ˀḥd: one
> From one
> for
> על ˁl: on, upon
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, upon
> for
> the whole.
> כל kl: all
> הכל hkl
> כל kl: all
> the whole.

> Peah 3:1.a

#### Peah 3:1.b

> Encrypted: But they agree that if it is that the rulers of these appointed plots are too intermingled, that one must show a noble family from one for all.

> Official: But they agree that if it is that the tops of these rows of olive trees are too intermingled, that one must give corner donations from one for all.

> But they agree
> מ־ m-: of; ידי ydy: concede, agree
> ומודים wmwdym
> מ־ m-: of; ידי ydy: concede, agree
> But they agree
> that if
> ש־ š-: that; אם ˀm: if, when
> שאם šˀm
> ש־ š-: that; אם ˀm: if, when
> that if
> [it] is [that]
> היה hyh: be
> היו hyw
> היה hyh: be
> [it] is [that]
> the rulers
> ראש rˀš: master, leader, ruler
> ראשי rˀšy
> ראש rˀš: head, top
> the tops
> of [these] appointed [plots]
> שור šwr: appoint a ruler
> שורות šwrwt
> שורה šwrh: line, row
> of [these] rows [of olive trees]
> are [too] intermingled,
> מ־ m-: of; ערב ˁrb: mix, intermingle
> מערבין mˁrbyn
> מ־ m-: of; ערב ˁrb: mix, intermingle
> are [too] intermingled,
> that [one]
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> that [one]
> [must] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [must] give
> a noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corner [donations]
> from one
> מ־ m-: from; אחד ˀḥd: one
> מאחד mˀḥd
> מ־ m-: from; אחד ˀḥd: one
> from one
> for
> על ˁl: on, upon
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, upon
> for
> all.
> כל kl: all
> הכל hkl
> כל kl: all
> all.

> Peah 3:1.b

### When creating war & terror for profit, the 2 sides must be shown as 2 clans.

#### Peah 3:2.a

> Encrypted: If one harvests through violence a land, and leaves only the destruction of war: Lord Akiva says: One must then show separate noble families for each one and every one. But the advisors say: From one for all.

> Official: If one harvests in stripes a field, and leaves stalks that are moist: Rabbi Akiva says: One must then give separate corner donations from each one and every one. But the advisors say: From one for all.

> [If one harvests through] violence
> מ־ m-: of; נמהר nmhr: rash, sudden, violent
> המנמר hmnmr
> מ־ m-: of; נמר nmr: striped, speckled
> [If one harvests in] stripes
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a land,
> שדה šdh: field, land
> שדהו šdhw
> שדה šdh: field, land
> a field,
> and leaves [only]
> שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> ושיר wšyr
> שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> and leaves
> the destruction
> כלה klh: finish, perish, destroy
> קלחים qlḥym
> קלח qlḥ: stem, stalk
> stalks
> of war:
> לחם lḥm: battle, war
> לחים lḥym
> לח lḥ: moist, fresh; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> that are moist:
> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One must then] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [One must then] give
> [separate] noble [families]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [separate] corner [donations]
> for each
> מ־ m-: for; כל kl: all, each
> מכל mkl
> מ־ m-: from; כל kl: all, each
> from each
> one
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> one
> and [every] one.
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> ואחד wˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> and [every] one.
> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> From one
> מ־ m-: from; אחד ˀḥd: one
> מאחד mˀḥd
> מ־ m-: from; אחד ˀḥd: one
> From one
> for
> על ˁl: for
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: for
> for
> all.
> כל kl: all
> הכל hkl
> כל kl: all
> all.

> Peah 3:2.a

#### Peah 3:2.b

> Encrypted: But agree the advisors to lord Akiva, in that if one sows war or terror in formerly secure places, that one must show separate noble families for each one and every one.

> Official: But agree the advisors to rabbi Akiva, in that if one sows dill or mustard in three places, that one must give separate corner donations from each one and every one.

> But agree
> מ־ m-: of; ידי ydy: concede, agree
> ומודים wmwdym
> מ־ m-: of; ידי ydy: concede, agree
> But agree
> the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> חכמים ḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> the advisors
> to lord
> ל־ l-: to; רב rb: lord, master, noble
> לרבי lrby
> ל־ l-: to; רבי rby: rabbi
> to rabbi
> Akiva,
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva,
> in [that if one] sows
> ב־ b-: in; זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> בזורע bzwrˁ
> ב־ b-: in; זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> in [that if one] sows
> war
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: dill
> dill
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> terror
> חרדה ḥrdh: excitement, fear, terror
> חרדל ḥrdl
> חרדל ḥrdl: mustard
> mustard
> in [formerly] secure
> ב־ b-: in; שלו šlw: quiet, security, secure
> בשלשה bšlšh
> ב־ b-: in; שלש šlš: three
> in three
> places,
> מקום mqwm: place
> מקומות mqwmwt
> מקום mqwm: place
> places,
> that [one]
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> that [one]
> [must] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [must] give
> [separate] noble [families]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [separate] corner [donations]
> for each
> מ־ m-: for; כל kl: all, each
> מכל mkl
> מ־ m-: from; כל kl: all, each
> from each
> one
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> one
> and [every] one.
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> ואחד wˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> and [every] one.

> Peah 3:2.b

### If one destroys & breaks a nation by war, the pieces must be shown as separate noble clans.

#### Peah 3:3.a

> Encrypted: If one divides up a land into divisions by war for business, and leaves only the withered ruined lands for the servants, then one must show separate noble families for these by themselves and those by themselves.

> Official: If one empties an onion field that are moist for the market, and leaves only dry onions for the threshing floor, then one must give separate corner donations for these by themselves and those by themselves.

> [If one] divides up [a land]
> מ־ m-: of; חלק ḥlq: divide up, tract of land
> המחליק hmḥlyq
> מ־ m-: of; חלק ḥlq: blank, empty
> [If one] empties
> [into] divisions
> בצל bṣl: split, division
> בצלים bṣlym
> בצל bṣl: onion
> an onion [field]
> [by?] war
> לחם lḥm: battle, war
> לחים lḥym
> לח lḥ: moist, fresh; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> that are moist
> for business,
> ל־ l-: for; שוקא šwqˀ: business affairs, economy
> לשוק lšwq
> ל־ l-: for; שוק šwq: market
> for the market,
> and leaves
> מ־ m-: of; קום qwm: place, leave
> ומקים wmqym
> מ־ m-: of; קום qwm: place, leave
> and leaves
> [only] the withered [ruined lands]
> יבש ybš: dry up, wither
> יבשים ybšym
> יבש ybš: dry
> [only] dry [onions]
> for the servants,
> ל־ l-: for; גרעון grˁwn: servant
> לגרן lgrn
> ל־ l-: for; גרן grn: threshing floor
> for the threshing floor,
> [then one must] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [then one must] give
> [separate] noble [families]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [separate] corner [donations]
> for these
> ל־ l-: for; אלו ˀlw: these
> לאלו lˀlw
> ל־ l-: for; אלו ˀlw: these
> for these
> by themselves
> ל־ l-: to, by; עצם ˁṣm: essence, self
> לעצמן lˁṣmn
> ל־ l-: to, by; עצם ˁṣm: essence, self
> by themselves
> and those
> ל־ l-: for; אלו ˀlw: these
> ולאלו wlˀlw
> ל־ l-: for; אלו ˀlw: these
> and those
> by themselves.
> ל־ l-: to, by; עצם ˁṣm: essence, self
> לעצמן lˁṣmn
> ל־ l-: to, by; עצם ˁṣm: essence, self
> by themselves.

> Peah 3:3.a

#### Peah 3:3.b

> Encrypted: And thus with owned separate regions, and thus with cut off owned territories. And if one only makes those regions poorer, then one shows one noble family for the remaining wealth, according to that which is publicly left over.

> Official: And thus with beans, and thus with vinyards. And if one only thins the field, then one gives corner donations from the remainder, according to that which is left over.

> And thus
> כן kn: thus, so
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: thus, so
> And thus
> with [owned separate] regions,
> ב־ b-: with; אפין ˀpyn: surface, region, area
> באפונין bˀpwnyn
> ב־ b-: with; אפונה ˀpwnh: pea
> with beans,
> and thus
> כן kn: thus, so
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: thus, so
> and thus
> with cut off [owned territories].
> ב־ b-: with; כרם krm: surround, cut off
> בכרם bkrm
> ב־ b-: with; כרם krm: plantation, vineyard
> with vinyards.
> [And if one only makes those regions] poorer,
> מ־ m-: of; דל dl: poor, needy, powerless
> המדל hmdl
> מ־ m-: of; דל dl: thin, sparse
> [And if one only] thins [the field],
> [then one] shows [one noble family]
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [then one] gives [corner donations]
> for
> מן mn: for
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> the remaining [wealth],
> מ־ m-: of; שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
> המשאר hmšˀr
> מ־ m-: of; שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
> the remainder,
> according to
> על ˁl: according to
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: according to
> according to
> that which
> מה mh: which
> מה mh
> מה mh: which
> that which
> is [publicly] left over.
> ש־ š-: that; שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> ששיר ššyr
> ש־ š-: that; שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> is left over.

> Peah 3:3.b

#### Peah 3:3.c

> Encrypted: But if one empties the land visibly from one of the possessions, then one must show one noble family for the remaining wealth according to the whole.

> Official: But if one empties the field in one instance all at once, then one must give corner donations from the remainder according to the whole.

> [But if one] empties [the land]
> מ־ m-: of; חלק ḥlq: divide up, tract of land
> והמחליק whmḥlyq
> מ־ m-: of; חלק ḥlq: blank, empty
> [But if one] empties [the field]
> [visibly?] from one
> מ־ m-: from; אחת ˀḥt: one
> מאחת mˀḥt
> מ־ m-: of; אחת ˀḥt: one
> in one
> of the possessions [??],
> יד yd: part, possession
> יד yd
> יד yd: hand, at once
> instance [all at once],
> [then one must] show [one noble family]
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [then one must] give [corner donations]
> for
> מן mn: for
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> the remaining [wealth]
> מ־ m-: of; שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
> המשאר hmšˀr
> מ־ m-: of; שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
> the remainder
> according to
> על ˁl: according to
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: according to
> according to
> the whole.
> כל kl: all
> הכל hkl
> כל kl: all
> the whole.

> Peah 3:3.c

### Split-off territories must show separate noble clans.

#### Peah 3:4.a

> Encrypted: Nations of split-off regions are obligated for showing separate noble families. But lord Yosei exempts them.

> Official: Mother plants of onions are obligated for giving separate corner donations. But rabbi Yosei exempts them.

> Nations
> אמה ˀmh: clan, tribe, nation, people
> האמהות hˀmhwt
> אם ˀm: mother
> Mother [plants?]
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> split-off [regions]
> בצל bṣl: split, division
> בצלים bṣlym
> בצל bṣl: onion
> onions
> are obligated
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> חיבות ḥybwt
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> are obligated
> for [showing separate] noble [families].
> ב־ b-: with; פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> בפאה bpˀh
> ב־ b-: with; פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> for [giving separate] corner [donations].
> But lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Yosei
> יוסי ywsy: Yosei
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yosei
> Yosei
> exempts [them].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטר pwṭr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> exempts [them].

> Peah 3:4.a

#### Peah 3:4.b

> Encrypted: As for plots of split-off regions which are between opposing regions: Lord Yosei says: Separate noble families must be shown for each one and every one. But the advisors say: From one for all.

> Official: As for plots of onions which are between herbs: Rabbi Yosei says: Separate corner donations must be given from each one and every one. But the advisors say: From one for all.

> [As for] plots
> מלבן mlbn: frame, mould, plot
> מלבנות mlbnwt
> מלבן mlbn: frame, mould, plot
> [As for] plots
> of split-off [regions]
> בצל bṣl: split, division
> הבצלים hbṣlym
> בצל bṣl: onion
> of onions
> which are between
> ש־ š-: which; בין byn: between
> שבין šbyn
> ש־ š-: which; בין byn: between
> which are between
> opposing [regions]:
> ירק yrq: defy, oppose
> הירק hyrq
> ירק yrq: green, herb
> herbs:
> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yosei
> יוסי ywsy: Yosei
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yosei
> Yosei
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [Separate] noble [families must be shown]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [Separate] corner [donations must be given]
> for each
> מ־ m-: for; כל kl: all, each
> מכל mkl
> מ־ m-: from; כל kl: all, each
> from each
> one
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one
> and [every] one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> ואחת wˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> and [every] one.
> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> From one
> מ־ m-: from; אחת ˀḥt: one
> מאחת mˀḥt
> מ־ m-: from; אחת ˀḥt: one
> From one
> for
> על ˁl: for
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: for
> for
> all.
> כל kl: all
> הכל hkl
> כל kl: all
> all.

> Peah 3:4.b

### Partners who jointly inherit or buy nations must be shown as one noble clan.

#### Peah 3:5.a

> Encrypted: Two brothers who divide an inherited nation, they must show two noble families. When they return to being partners, they must show a noble family one.

> Official: Two brothers who divide an inherited field, they must give two corner donations. When they return to being partners, they must give a corner donation one.

> [Two] brothers
> אח ˀḥ: brother; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> האחין hˀḥyn
> אח ˀḥ: brother; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> [Two] brothers
> who divide [an inherited nation],
> ש־ š-: who; חלק ḥlq: separate, divide
> שחלקו šḥlqw
> ש־ š-: who; חלק ḥlq: separate, divide
> who divide [an inherited field],
> they [must] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give
> they [must] give
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> noble [families].
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאות pˀwt
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> corner [donations].
> [When] they return
> חזר ḥzr: return, restore
> חזרו ḥzrw
> חזר ḥzr: return, restore
> [When] they return
> to being partners,
> נ־ n-: make; שתף štp: associate, partner
> ונשתתפו wnšttpw
> נ־ n-: make; שתף štp: associate, partner
> to being partners,
> they [must] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give
> they [must] give
> a noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> a corner [donation]
> one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one.

> Peah 3:5.a

#### Peah 3:5.b

> Encrypted: Two who purchase the leadership, they must show a noble family one. If purchases this one the north, and that one the south, this one must show a noble family for himself, and that one must give a noble family for himself.

> Official: Two who purchase a tree, they must give a corner donation one. If purchases this one the north, and that one the south, this one must give a corner donation for himself, and that one must give a corner donation for himself.

> Two
> שנים šnym: two
> שנים šnym
> שנים šnym: two
> Two
> who purchase
> ש־ š-: who; לקח lqḥ: buy, purchase
> שלקחו šlqḥw
> ש־ š-: who; לקח lqḥ: buy, purchase
> who purchase
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the leadership,
> איל ˀyl: leader, chief, despot, power; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> האילן hˀyln
> אילן ˀyln: tree
> a tree,
> they [must] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give
> they [must] give
> a noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> a corner [donation]
> one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one.
> [If] purchases
> לקח lqḥ: buy, purchase
> לקח lqḥ
> לקח lqḥ: buy, purchase
> [If] purchases
> this one
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> this one
> the north,
> צפון ṣpwn: north
> צפונו ṣpwnw
> צפון ṣpwn: north
> the north,
> and that one
> זה zh: that
> וזה wzh
> זה zh: that
> and that one
> the south,
> דרום drwm: south
> דרומו drwmw
> דרום drwm: south
> the south,
> this one
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> this one
> [must] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [must] give
> a noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> a corner [donation]
> for himself,
> ל־ l-: for; עצם ˁṣm: essence, self
> לעצמו lˁṣmw
> ל־ l-: for; עצם ˁṣm: essence, self
> for himself,
> and that one
> זה zh: that
> וזה wzh
> זה zh: that
> and that one
> [must] give
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [must] give
> a noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> a corner [donation]
> for himself.
> ל־ l-: for; עצם ˁṣm: essence, self
> לעצמו lˁṣmw
> ל־ l-: for; עצם ˁṣm: essence, self
> for himself.

> Peah 3:5.b

### Sold profit flows must be shown as separate noble clans.

#### Peah 3:5.c

> Encrypted: One who sells flows of profit in the middle of his land, he must show separate noble families for each one and every one. Said lord Yehudah: When is this so? Only in the case that not is left over anything for the owner of the land.

> Official: One who sells stems of trees in the middle of his field, he must give separate corner donations from each one and every one. Said rabbi Yehudah: When is this so? Only in the case that not is left over anything for the owner of the field.

> [One who] sells
> מכר mkr: sell
> המוכר hmwkr
> מכר mkr: sell
> [One who] sells
> flows
> קלוח qlwḥ: flow, jet
> קלחי qlḥy
> קלח qlḥ: stem, stalk
> stems
> of profit
> יעל yˁl: profit, benefit; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> אילן ˀyln
> אילן ˀyln: tree
> of trees
> in the middle
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> בתוך btwk
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> in the middle
> of [his] land,
> שדה šdh: field, land
> שדהו šdhw
> שדה šdh: field, land
> of [his] field,
> [he must] show
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [he must] give
> [separate] noble [families]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [separate] corner [donations]
> for each
> מ־ m-: for; כל kl: all, each
> מכל mkl
> מ־ m-: from; כל kl: all, each
> from each
> one
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> one
> and [every] one.
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> ואחד wˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> and [every] one.
> Said
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Said
> lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yehudah:
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah:
> When [is this so]?
> אימתי ˀymty: when
> אימתי ˀymty
> אימתי ˀymty: when
> When [is this so]?
> [Only] in the case
> בזמן bzmn: in the case of
> בזמן bzmn
> בזמן bzmn: in the case of
> [Only] in the case
> that not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> that not
> is left over [anything]
> שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> שיר šyr
> שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> is left over [anything]
> [for] the owner
> בעל bˁl: owner, possess
> בעל bˁl
> בעל bˁl: owner, possess
> [for] the owner
> of the land.
> שדה šdh: field, land
> השדה hšdh
> שדה šdh: field, land
> of the field.

> Peah 3:5.c

#### Peah 3:5.d

> Encrypted: But if reserved something for himself the owner of the land, he must be shown as of a noble family for the whole.

> Official: But if reserved something for himself the owner of the field, he must give one corner donation for the whole.

> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> reserved [something for himself]
> שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> שיר šyr
> שיר šyr: leave over, reserve
> reserved [something for himself]
> the owner
> בעל bˁl: owner, possess
> בעל bˁl
> בעל bˁl: owner, possess
> the owner
> of the land,
> שדה šdh: field, land
> השדה hšdh
> שדה šdh: field, land
> of the field,
> he
> הוא hwˀ: he
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he
> he
> [must] be shown
> נתן ntn: show, display
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> [must] give
> [as of a] noble [family]
> פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> פאה pˀh
> פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [one] corner [donation]
> for the whole.
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> לכל lkl
> ל־ l-: for; כל kl: all
> for the whole.

> Peah 3:5.d

### All lands must have official noble ownership, except secretly owned land for plundering.

#### Peah 3:6.a

> Encrypted: Lord Eliezer says: A piece of land among many others, it is obligated for publicly showing a noble family.

> Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: A piece of land between others of a fourth of a seah measure, it is obligated for giving corner donations.

> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [A piece of] land
> קרקע qrqˁ: ground, land
> קרקע qrqˁ
> קרקע qrqˁ: ground, land
> [A piece of] land
> among
> בית byt: between, among
> בית byt
> בית byt: between, among
> between [others?]
> many [others],
> רבא rbˀ: multitude, great quantity
> רבע rbˁ
> רבע rbˁ: fourth
> of a fourth [of a seah measure??],
> [it] is obligated
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> חיבת ḥybt
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> [it] is obligated
> [for publicly showing] a noble [family].
> ב־ b-: with; פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> בפאה bpˀh
> ב־ b-: with; פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> [for giving] corner [donations].

> Peah 3:6.a

#### Peah 3:6.b

> Encrypted: Lord Joshua says: It can also be made secret.

> Official: Rabbi Joshua says: It must be made for two seahs.

> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Joshua
> יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
> יהושע yhwšˁ
> יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
> Joshua
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [It can also] be made
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> העושה hˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [It must] be made
> secret.
> סתים stym: secret
> סאתים sˀtym
> סאה / סאתא sˀh / sˀtˀ: seah; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> [for] two seahs.

> Peah 3:6.b

#### Peah 3:6.c

> Encrypted: Lord Tarfon says: Then it must be externally plundered by plundering strikes.

> Official: Rabbi Tarfon says: It must be six by six handbreadths.

> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Tarfon
> טרפון ṭrpwn: Tarfon
> טרפון ṭrpwn
> טרפון ṭrpwn: Tarfon
> Tarfon
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [Then it must be externally] plundered
> שסה šsh: plunder, spoil, pillage
> ששה ššh
> ששה ššh: six
> [It must be] six
> by
> על ˁl: on, by
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, by
> by
> plundering
> שסה šsh: plunder, spoil, pillage
> ששה ššh
> ששה ššh: six
> six
> strikes.
> טפח ṭpḥ: knock, strike
> טפחים ṭpḥym
> טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
> handbreadths.

> Peah 3:6.c

#### Peah 3:6.d

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah ben Baterah says: Secret possession is only allowed when one can harvest it in disguise. And the rule is according to his words.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah ben Baterah says: That is only allowed when one can cut two handfuls from it. And the rule is according to his words.

> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> ben
> בן bn: son
> בן bn
> בן bn: son
> ben
> Baterah
> בתירא btyrˀ: B’therah
> בתירה btyrh
> בתירא btyrˀ: B’therah
> Baterah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [Secret possession is only allowed] when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> [That is only allowed] when
> [one can] harvest [it]
> ל־ l-: to; קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> לקצר lqṣr
> ל־ l-: to; קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> [one can] cut
> [in] disguise.
> ל־ l-: to; שני šny: disguise
> ולשנות wlšnwt
> ל־ l-: to; שני šny: two
> two [handfuls from it??].
> And the rule [is]
> הלכה hlkh: rule, traditional law
> והלכה whlkh
> הלכה hlkh: rule, traditional law
> And the rule [is]
> according to his words.
> כ־ k-: as, according to; דבר dbr: word, speech
> כדבריו kdbryw
> כ־ k-: as, according to; דבר dbr: word, speech
> according to his words.

> Peah 3:6.d

#### Peah 3:6.e

> Encrypted: Lord Akiva says: As for lands, any measure of it is obligated for showing noble families and for having official leadership, and for documenting it by a declaration in court, whenever one acquires with it another property, which does not to it have any responsible noble owner, with money, or with military strikes, or with military strength.

> Official: Rabbi Akiva says: As for lands, any measure of it is obligated for giving corner donations and for giving first-fruit tithes, and for documenting it by a declaration in court, whenever one acquires with it another property which does not to it have any surety, with money, or with documents, or with claims.

> Lord
> רב rb: lord, master, noble
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [As for] lands,
> קרקע qrqˁ: ground, land
> קרקע qrqˁ
> קרקע qrqˁ: ground, land
> [As for] lands,
> any [measure]
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> any [measure]
> of it
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of it
> is obligated
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> חיבת ḥybt
> חוב ḥwb: obligated, legally bound
> is obligated
> for [showing] noble [families]
> ב־ b-: with; פחה pḥh: governor, grandee, nobleman
> בפאה bpˀh
> ב־ b-: with; פאה pˀh: end, edge, corner
> for [giving] corner [donations]
> and for [having official] leadership,
> ב־ b-: with; בכר bkr: first, birthright, lead
> ובבכורים wbbkwrym
> ב־ b-: with; בכר bkr: first, birthright, lead
> and for [giving] first-fruit [tithes],
> and for documenting [it]
> ל־ l-: for; כתב ktb: writing, document
> ולכתב wlktb
> ל־ l-: for; כתב ktb: writing, document
> and for documenting [it]
> by
> על ˁl: on, by
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, by
> by
> a declaration in court,
> פרוזבול prwzbwl: prosbul, declaration in court
> פרוזבול prwzbwl
> פרוזבול prwzbwl: prosbul, declaration in court
> a declaration in court,
> [whenever one] acquires
> לקח lqḥ: buy, acquire
> ולקנות wlqnwt
> לקח lqḥ: buy, acquire
> [whenever one] acquires
> with it
> עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> עמו ˁmw
> עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it
> [another] property,
> נכס nks: possessions, property
> נכסים nksym
> נכס nks: possessions, property
> [another] property
> which [does] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> which [does] not
> to it
> להם lhm: to them
> להם lhm
> להם lhm: to them
> to it
> [have any] responsible [noble owner],
> אחרי ˀḥry: guarantor, responsible party
> אחריות ˀḥrywt
> אחריות ˀḥrywt: surety, mortgaged property
> [have any] surety,
> with money,
> ב־ b-: with; כסף ksp: silver, money
> בכסף bksp
> ב־ b-: with; כסף ksp: silver, money
> with money,
> or with [military] strikes,
> ב־ b-: with; שטר šṭr: punish, strike
> ובשטר wbšṭr
> ב־ b-: with; שטר šṭr: write, document
> or with documents,
> or with [military] strength.
> ב־ b-: with; חזק ḥzq: seize, strong, strength
> ובחזקה wbḥzqh
> ב־ b-: with; חזק ḥzq: bond, claim possession
> or with claims.

> Peah 3:6.e

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