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# Talmud: Shabbat

🏷 Hebrew text Talmud text interlinear spook law · text — by Gerry · Sep 2023 · 125928 words

The Shabbat chapter of Mishnah & Talmud specifies countless things you may do or not do on Sabbath, since work is forbidden on that day. But šbt “Sabbath” puns with ṣbˀwt “war”, and secretly the very long chapter is really about how to manufacture a war: How to hoax up fake reasons for war, how to stir up the masses for violence, and how palace-bred aristocratic cowards can mingle with the cannonfodder troops without giving away that they’re just pathetic fraudsters.

## Introduction

In Hebrew, šbˁt “seven” puns with šbt “rest”. That’s why God rests from work on the seventh day, named šbt Sabbath for the “rest”, which has been made a custom for everyone. I am personally very grateful for this tradition.

But as usual, the Talmud exaggerates this useful law into the weird & ridiculous. The tractate Shabbat lists countless small household actions which are forbidden as “work”, like heating water or lighting lamps. Plus even more particularizations & exemptions. Like, you cannot light candles on Sabbath with “cedar-bast” or “desert-grass”, but only with the “wings of a dove”. Strangeness abounds.

And as usual, the reason is secret pun-encryption: šbt for “rest” puns with ṣbˀwt for “war”. The Shabbat chapter is really about waging a fake war, and profiteering from it. Seeing how there’s no advice on real external threats, I’d say most wars in history were fakes. The Shabbat chapter explains how the ruling scum can set up such a scam:

- Inside and outside actions must be combined, then rulers can take & impose taxes at whim, while appearing guiltless.
- Wars cannot be kindled with mere words, only with an attack or a convincing hoax thereof.
- Wars are dangerous even for rulers, so they should naver mingle with battle-hardened stirred-up troops, but instead surround themselves with squads of sycophants & gay playmates.
- Killing commoners is deemed okay, and rulers also shouldn’t protects idiots of any kind. If some moronic spookling gets himself killed, then so be it.

This is all encrypted through tedious laws saying what work one mustn’t do on Sabbath, or mustn’t start right before Sabbath. Very frequently, the “kindling” of fires on Sabbath is used to encrypt the “kindling” of a war. Greek loanwords are also used. These are the most important puns:

- The initial law says that “inside & outside” actions must be combined to yṣˀ šbt “bring out things on Sabbath”, between a bˁl byt “house owner” and a ˁny “poor” person.
- The secret law says that “inside & outside” actions must be combined to yṣˀ šbt “bring out a war”, between the bˁl byt “ruler of a land” and a superficially ˁwny “guilty” party. 🡻
- Officially, a ˀdm “man” mustn’t kns “enter” various places on Sabbath. One must “stop” to qry qryˀ šmˁ “recite a Shema verse”, but not for the tplh “Tefillah” prayer.
- Secretly, the dmˀ “disguise” of war mustn’t skn “endanger” aristocrats. But if started, one must only “stop” to qry qryˀ šˁmwm “cover up accidents of idiots”, and doesn’t need to stop for the tplh “fools” themselves. 🡻
- Officially, nšym “women” can die during yldtˀ “childbirth”, when they’re not “cautious” during ndh “menstruation”.
- Secretly, nšˀym “rulers” can die even during ˁldytˀ “hoaxed” wars, when they’re not “cautious” while nwd “wandering about”. 🡻
- Officially, one mustn’t “kindle” a fire on Sabbath with lkš “cedar-bast”, or a ptyl mdbr “thread of desert grass”.
- Secretly, one can’t “kindle” a war just with lksy “words”, or a ptl mdbr “perversion of speech”. 🡻
- Officially, one can “kindle” a fire with the knp ywnh “wings of a dove”, and with the nsr ḥrš “sawdust of a carpenter”.
- Secretly, one can “kindle” a war with the knp ˀwnˀh “cover of a hoax”, and with the nṣr ḥrš “secrecy of secret” agents. 🡻
- Officially, an aristocrat child is not mhl “circumcised” until the šmnh “eighth” day, or until he’s bry “healthy”. But he may not ˀkl “eat” of trwmh “gift-offerings” if he still has his bšr “flesh”, because of the bad rˀy “appearance”.
- Secretly, an aristocrat child is not mˁwly “introduced” to all this fraud until the šmnh “eighth” year, or until he’s of bry “firm” character. One may not glˀ “reveal” all the trmh “deception” to him if he’s too bsry “immature”, because of the bad rˀy “appearance” of it all. 🡻
- Officially, one can only go out on Sabbath with gml “camels” & nˀqh “female camels”, lbdqyn “Lybian donkeys” and sws “horses”, but not with animals with tied rgl “legs”.
- Secretly, a ruler can only go out on a war with gml “kind” & nqh “innocent” soldiers, l-phdyqˀ “pathic” playmates and šwš “flatterers”, but not with rgl “experienced” troops. 🡻
- Officially, a trngl “rooster” may not come out with a ḥwṭ “thread” or rṣwˁh “strap” on his rgl “legs”, and a man not with a ˀḥd “single” sandal.
- Secretly, a trngˀ “gay” ruler may not come out with ḥwṭˀ “flirting” or rṣh “desire” towards his rglˀ “soldiers”, and generally not with his ˀḥwty “brotherly” love. 🡻
- Officially, one mustn’t come out with a trs “shield”, as all ḥrb “swords” will be turned into ˀt “ploughshares” soon, and no gwy “nation” will attack another.
- Secretly, a ruler mustn’t come out trz “squirting” off, as his example could turn all qrb “soldiers” into happy self ˁwt “gratifiers”, and then no gwy “crowd” would attack another! 🡻

That gay rulers prefer to surround themselves with gay soldiers is a pattern that’s still observable today, as proven by Miles: Key roles in manufactured wars are typically played by visibly gay “special” forces, like Mussolini’s shirtless blackshirts or the Enola Gay crew in tight shorts.

### How to read this

- In the interlinear word-by-word translation, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
- Use the Pun Config to choose your level: Minimal for secret meaning only, Beginner for secret & official English texts, Intermediate for word-by-word vocabulary, Expert for original text & glyphs.
- Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
- Official meaning is marked with light green.
- Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
- Please read the introduction, the interchangeability rules, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
- Religious readers should proceed with care.

## Profiteering from wars

### For a war, one needs deceptions on the inside & outside.

#### Shabbat 1.1.a

> Encrypted: To bring forth a war, one needs deceptions which are combined from the inside, and deceptions which are combined from the outside.

> Official: The things that can be brought on Sabbath are two kinds, which are four when being inside, and two kinds which are four when being outside.

> To bring forth
> יצא yṣˀ: bring forth, appear
> יציאות yṣyˀwt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> The [things that can] be brought
> a war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath, rest
> on Sabbath
> [one needs] deceptions
> סטיה sṭyh: deviation, deceit; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> שתים štym
> שתים / שתי štym / šty: two
> [are] two [kinds],
> which are
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> שהן šhn
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> which are
> combined
> ערב ˁrb: mix, combine, confuse
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> [from] the inside,
> ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
> בפנים bpnym
> ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
> [when being] inside,
> and deceptions
> סטיה sṭyh: deviation, deceit; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> ושתים wštym
> שתים / שתי štym / šty: two
> and two [kinds]
> which are
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> שהן šhn
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> which are
> combined
> ערב ˁrb: mix, combine, confuse
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> [from] the outside.
> ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> בחוץ bḥwṣ
> ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> [when being] outside.

> Shabbat 1.1.a

### If a guilty party seemingly invades, the local ruler appears innocent.

#### Shabbat 1.1.b

> Encrypted: How so? A blameworthy party is set up outside, and the ruler of the affected land is inside. If extends the blameworthy party its hand inside and shows itself in the middle of the possessions of the ruler of the land, or takes something from the inside and carries it out, then the blameworthy party appears responsible, and the ruler of the land appears free from guilt when he wages war.

> Official: How so? A poor person stands outside, and the owner of the house inside. If extends the poor person his hand inside and gives something into the middle of the hand of the owner of the house, or takes something from the middle and carries it outside, then the poor person is guilty and the owner of the house is exempt from guilt for working on Sabbath.

> How so?
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> כיצד kyṣd
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> How so?
> A blameworthy [party]
> אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
> העני hˁny
> עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
> A poor [person]
> is set up
> עמד ˁmd: establish, set up, present
> עומד ˁwmd
> עמד ˁmd: stand
> stands
> outside,
> ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> בחוץ bḥwṣ
> ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> outside,
> and the ruler
> בעל bˁl: lord, master, rule
> ובעל wbˁl
> בעל bˁl: owner
> and the owner
> of the [affected] land
> ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
> הבית hbyt
> בית byt: house
> of the house
> is inside.
> ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
> בפנים bpnym
> ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
> inside.
> [If] extends
> פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
> פשט pšṭ
> פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
> [If] extends
> the blameworthy [party]
> אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
> העני hˁny
> עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
> the poor [person]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> its hand
> יד yd: hand, reach
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand, reach
> his hand
> inside
> ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
> לפנים lpnym
> ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
> inside
> and shows itself
> נתן ntn: show, display
> ונתן wntn
> נתן ntn: give
> and gives [something]
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of the possessions
> יד yd: power, possession, borders
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand, reach
> of the hand
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the ruler
> בעל bˁl: owner
> בעל bˁl
> בעל bˁl: owner
> the owner
> of the land,
> ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
> הבית hbyt
> בית byt: house
> of the house,
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> takes [something]
> ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
> שנטל šnṭl
> ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
> takes [something]
> from the inside
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
> מתוכה mtwkh
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
> from the middle
> and carries [it] out,
> יצא yṣˀ: carry out
> והוציא whwṣyˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: carry out
> and carries [it] outside,
> [then] the blameworthy [party]
> אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
> העני hˁny
> עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
> [then] the poor [person]
> [appears] responsible,
> חוב ḥwb: guilty, responsible
> חיב ḥyb
> חוב ḥwb: guilty, responsible
> is guilty
> and the ruler
> בעל bˁl: owner
> ובעל wbˁl
> בעל bˁl: owner
> and the owner
> of the land
> ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
> הבית hbyt
> בית byt: house
> of the house
> [appears] free [from guilt when he wages war].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> is exempt [from guilt for working on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 1.1.b

#### Shabbat 1.1.c

> Encrypted: But if would extend the ruler of the land his power outside and show himself in the middle of the possessions of the other power, or take something from the middle by initiative, then the ruler of the land would appear responsible, and the other power would appear free from guilt.

> Official: If extends the owner of the house his hand outside and gives something into the middle of the hand of the poor person, or takes something from the middle carrying it in, then the owner of the house is guilty and the poor person is exempt from guilt.

> [But if would] extend
> פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
> פשט pšṭ
> פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
> [If] extends
> the ruler
> בעל bˁl: owner
> בעל bˁl
> בעל bˁl: owner
> the owner
> of the land
> ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
> הבית hbyt
> בית byt: house
> of the house
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> his power
> יד yd: power, possession, borders
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand, reach
> his hand
> outside
> ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> לחוץ lḥwṣ
> ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> outside
> and show himself
> נתן ntn: show, display
> ונתן wntn
> נתן ntn: give
> and gives [something]
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of the possessions
> יד yd: power, possession, borders
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand, reach
> of the hand
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the [other] power,
> אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
> עני ˁny
> עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
> the poor [person],
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> take [something]
> ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
> שנטל šnṭl
> ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
> takes [something]
> from the middle
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
> מתוכה mtwkh
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
> from the middle
> by initiative,
> כנס kns: enter, gather, initiate
> והכניס whknys
> כנס kns: bring home, bring in
> carrying [it] in,
> [then] the ruler
> בעל bˁl: owner
> בעל bˁl
> בעל bˁl: owner
> [then] the owner
> of the land
> ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
> הבית hbyt
> בית byt: house
> of the house
> [would appear] responsible,
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> is guilty
> and the [other] power
> אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
> והעני whˁny
> עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
> and the poor [person]
> [would appear] free [from guilt].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> is exempt [from guilt].

> Shabbat 1.1.c

### With a war, the ruler appears innocent with new burdens & taxes.

#### Shabbat 1.1.d

> Encrypted: And if extends the blameworthy party his power inside, and if then imposes burdens the owner of the land from the oppressed, or imposes paying of new taxes onto the oppressed for alleged costs, then both these actions appear free from guilt.

> Official: And if extends the poor person his hand inside, and if then takes the owner of the house from the middle, or gives something into the middle and the poor person carries it out, then both of them are exempt from guilt.

> [And if] extends
> פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
> פשט pšṭ
> פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
> [And if] extends
> the blameworthy [party]
> אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
> העני hˁny
> עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
> the poor [person]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> his power
> יד yd: power, possession, borders
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand, reach
> his hand
> inside,
> ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
> לפנים lpnym
> ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
> inside,
> and [if then] imposes burdens
> נטל nṭl: lift, impose, burden
> ונטל wnṭl
> נטל nṭl: receive, take
> and [if then] takes
> the owner
> בעל bˁl: owner
> בעל bˁl
> בעל bˁl: owner
> the owner
> of the land
> ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
> הבית hbyt
> בית byt: house
> of the house
> from the oppressed,
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> מתוכה mtwkh
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
> from the middle,
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> imposes paying [of new taxes]
> ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: pay, impose
> שנתן šntn
> ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give
> gives [something]
> onto the oppressed
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוכה ltwkh
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> [for alleged] costs,
> הוצאה hwṣˀh: expenditure, cost, transfer
> והוציא whwṣyˀ
> הוצאה hwṣˀh: carrying out
> and [the poor person?] carries [it] out,
> [then] both [these actions]
> שני šny: both; הם hm: them
> שניהם šnyhm
> שני šny: both; הם hm: them
> [then] both [of them]
> [appear] free [from guilt].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטורין pṭwryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> are exempt [from guilt].

> Shabbat 1.1.d

#### Shabbat 1.1.e

> Encrypted: Likewise, if extends the ruler of the land his power outside, and imposes new burdens the other power from its own oppressed, or imposes paying of new taxes onto the oppressed for revenue, then both these actions appear free from guilt.

> Official: Likewise, if extends the owner of the house his hand outside, and takes the poor person from the middle, or gives something into the middle carrying it in, then both of them are exempt from guilt.

> [Likewise, if] extends
> פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
> פשט pšṭ
> פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
> [Likewise, if] extends
> the ruler
> בעל bˁl: owner
> בעל bˁl
> בעל bˁl: owner
> the owner
> of the land
> ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
> הבית hbyt
> בית byt: house
> of the house
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> his power
> יד yd: power, possession, borders
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand, reach
> his hand
> outside,
> ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> לחוץ lḥwṣ
> ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> outside,
> and imposes [new] burdens
> נטל nṭl: lift, impose, burden
> ונטל wnṭl
> נטל nṭl: receive, take
> and takes
> the [other] power
> אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
> העני hˁny
> עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
> the poor [person]
> from [its own] oppressed,
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> מתוכה mtwkh
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
> from the middle,
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> imposes paying [of new taxes]
> ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: pay, impose
> שנתן šntn
> ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give
> gives [something]
> onto the oppressed
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוכה ltwkh
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> [for] revenue,
> הכנסה hknsh: income, revenue
> והכניס whknys
> הכנסה hknsh: carrying in, putting in
> carrying [it] in,
> [then] both [these actions]
> שני šny: both; הם hm: them
> שניהם šnyhm
> שני šny: both; הם hm: them
> [then] both of them
> [appear] free [from guilt].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטורין pṭwryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> are exempt [from guilt].

> Shabbat 1.1.e

## Considering safety for the nobles

### One mustn’t stage this too close to abodes of noble families.

#### Shabbat 1.2.a

> Encrypted: However, one must not put into place this disguised party turning toward the border too close to the dwelling places for the noble families.

> Official: There must not sit a man before a barber from close to the Minhah prayer until the Tefillah prayer.

> [However, one must] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [There must] not
> put into place
> ישב yšb: put in place
> ישב yšb
> ישב yšb: sit, place
> sit
> this disguised [party]
> דמא dmˀ: resemble, appear in disguise
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man
> a man
> turning toward [??]
> ל־ l-: to; פני pny: face, front, appearance, turn toward
> לפני lpny
> ל־ l-: to; פני pny: face, front
> before
> the border [??]
> ספר spr: border, border region, boundary, frontier
> הספר hspr
> ספר spr: barber
> a barber
> [too] close
> סמך smk: close, adjoining
> סמוך smwk
> סמך smk: close, adjoining
> [from?] close
> to the dwelling places
> ל־ l-: to; מנחה mnḥh: resting place, dwelling place
> למנחה lmnḥh
> ל־ l-: to; מנחה mnḥh: Minhah; מ־ m-: of; נחה nḥh: rest, relief
> to the Minhah prayer
> for
> עד ˁd: to, in behalf of, for
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: until, while
> until
> the [noble] families.
> ש־ š-: which; טפלא ṭplˀ: children, family, household
> שיתפלל šytpll
> ש־ š-: which; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
> the Tefillah prayer.

> Shabbat 1.2.a

### One mustn’t endanger peers, but if idiots still get hurt, cover it up and proceed.

#### Shabbat 1.2.b

> Encrypted: There must generally not endanger this disguise any entrusted man, and not any comrade and not any spouse, and not any lord. But if one has already started, one does not need to stop just for safety. One must stop to cover up the accidents of idiots, but does not stop for the fools themselves.

> Official: There must also not enter a man a bathhouse, and not a tannery, and not start eating, and not sit down for judgement. But if one has already started, one does not need to stop. One must stop to recite the verse of the Shema prayer, but does not have to stop for the Tefillah prayer.

> [There must generally] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [There must also] not
> endanger
> סכן skn: danger, endanger
> יכנס ykns
> כנס kns: go in, enter
> enter
> this disguise
> דמא dmˀ: resemble, appear in disguise
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man
> a man
> [any] entrusted [man],
> ל־ l-: to; מרחץ mrḥṣ: allow, permit; מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: trust, rely, safe
> למרחץ lmrḥṣ
> ל־ l-: to; מרחץ mrḥṣ: bath
> a bathhouse,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [any] comrade
> ל־ l-: to; בר זוג br zwg: comrade, colleague, mate, spouse
> לברסקי lbrsqy
> ל־ l-: to; ברסקי brsqy: byrsikos, tannery
> a tannery [???],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [any] spouse,
> ל־ l-: to; כלה klh: bride, daughter-in-law
> לאכל lˀkl
> ל־ l-: to; אכל ˀkl: eat
> [start?] eating [??],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [any] lord.
> ל־ l-: to; אדון ˀdwn: master, lord, possessor, guardian
> לדין ldyn
> ל־ l-: to; דין dyn: judgement
> [sit down for] judgement.
> But if [one]
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> But if [one]
> has [already] started,
> תחלה tḥlh: start
> התחילו htḥylw
> תחלה tḥlh: start
> has [already] started,
> [one does] not [need to]
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one does] not [need to]
> stop [just for safety].
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
> מפסיקין mpsyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
> stop.
> [One must] stop
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
> מפסיקים mpsyqym
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
> [One must] stop
> to cover up
> ל־ l-: to; קרי qry: cover
> לקרות lqrwt
> ל־ l-: to; קרי qry: call, recite
> to recite
> the accidents
> קריא qryˀ: accident, incident, misfortune, mishap
> קריאת qryˀt
> קריא qryˀ: verse
> the verse
> of idiots,
> שעמום šˁmwm: idiocy, idiot
> שמע šmˁ
> שמע šmˁ: Shema
> of the Shema prayer,
> but does not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> but does not [have to]
> stop
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
> מפסיקים mpsyqym
> מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
> stop
> for the fools [themselves].
> ל־ l-: for; תפלה tplh: folly; תפל tpl: foolish
> לתפלה ltplh
> ל־ l-: for; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
> for the Tefillah prayer.

> Shabbat 1.2.b

## Preparing false flag hoaxes

### Don’t let outsiders see the dress-up or the costumes.

#### Shabbat 1.3.a

> Encrypted: There must also not come out the guilty party with their strike too close to the poor subjects, as perhaps someone would see them coming out from a domestic base. Also should not see any outsider the cloaking process. Also one may not allow anyone to scrutinize the dress-up.

> Official: There must also not come out a tailor with his needle too close to falling darkness to the eve before Sabbath, as perhaps he may forget he brought it out and’d still have it on Sabbath. Also not a scribe with his writing pen. Also one may not delouse one’s garments.

> [There must also] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [There must also] not
> come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יצא yṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> come out
> the guilty [party]
> חטי ḥṭy: guilty; חטא ḥṭˀ: guilt
> החיט hḥyṭ
> חיט ḥyṭ: tailor
> a tailor
> with their strike
> ב־ b-: with; מחתא mḥtˀ: stroke, blow
> במחטו bmḥṭw
> ב־ b-: with; מחט mḥṭ: needle
> with his needle
> [too] close
> סמך smk: close, adjoining
> סמוך smwk
> סמך smk: close, adjoining
> [too] close
> to the poor [subjects?],
> ל־ l-: to; חשוך ḥšwk: dark, reduced, poor
> לחשכה lḥškh
> ל־ l-: to; חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
> to falling darkness [to the eve before Sabbath],
> as perhaps
> שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
> שמא šmˀ
> שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
> as perhaps
> [someone would] see
> סכה skh: look, see
> ישכח yškḥ
> שכח škḥ: forget
> he [may] forget
> them coming out [from a domestic base].
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> ויצא wyṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> he brought [it] out [and’d still have it on Sabbath].
> [Also should] not [see]
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [Also] not
> any outsider
> ל־ l-: to; לבר lbr: outside, secular world
> הלבלר hlblr
> לבלר lblr: scribe, clerk
> a scribe
> the cloaking [process?].
> ב־ b-: with; כלמוס klmws: chlamys, officer’s cloak; קלמסמס qlmsms: kalamis, hair decorations
> בקלמוסו bqlmwsw
> ב־ b-: with; קולמוס qwlmws: kalamos, scribal pen, writing pen
> with his writing pen.
> Also [one may] not [allow anyone]
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Also [one may] not
> to scrutinize
> פלי ply: question, scrutinize
> יפלה yplh
> פלי ply: search, cleanse of lice
> delouse
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the dress-up.
> כלי kly: dress, garment
> כליו klyw
> כלי kly: dress, garment
> [one’s] garments.

> Shabbat 1.3.a

### A ruler may watch the show, but not join himself.

#### Shabbat 1.3.b

> Encrypted: Also a ruler may not join the fake attack visibly. In truth they say: A high-level officer may see where the special dressings & arrangements are happening, but he himself may not join as he could be recognized.

> Official: Also one may not read by the light of a candle. In truth they say: The supervisor may see where in the textbook the children are reading, but he himself may not read on Sabbath.

> Also [a ruler may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Also [one may] not
> join
> קרי qry: join, meet
> יקרא yqrˀ
> קרי qry: call, read
> read
> the [fake] attack
> ל־ l-: to; אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
> לאור lˀwr
> ל־ l-: to; אור ˀwr: light
> by the light
> visibly.
> נראה nrˀh: visible; נ־ n-: make; ראה rˀh: see
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> of a candle.
> In truth
> ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
> באמת bˀmt
> ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
> In truth
> [they] say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמרו ˀmrw
> אמר ˀmr: say
> [they] say:
> A [high-level] officer
> חזן ḥzn: officer, superintendent
> החזן hḥzn
> חזן ḥzn: cantor, school governor
> The supervisor
> [may] see
> ראה rˀh: see
> רואה rwˀh
> ראה rˀh: see
> [may] see
> where
> היכן hykn: where
> היכן hykn
> היכן hykn: where
> where [in the textbook]
> the special dressings & arrangements
> תקון tqwn: dress, fancy garb; תקן tqn: prepared, arranged, special dress
> תינוקות tynwqwt
> תנוק tnwq: boy, child
> the children
> are happening,
> קרי qry: meet, happen
> קוראים qwrˀym
> קרי qry: call, read
> are reading,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> he himself
> הוא hwˀ: he
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he
> he himself
> [may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [may] not
> join [as he could be recognized].
> קרי qry: join, meet
> יקרא yqrˀ
> קרי qry: call, read
> read [on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 1.3.b

#### Shabbat 1.3.c

> Encrypted: As was brought out to it this law: There may not be revealed the truth with a war, because would become familiar with it the outsiders.

> Official: As was brought out to it this law: There may not eat one afflicted with gonorrhea together with his woman afflicted with gonorrhea, because they would become used to the transgression.

> As was brought out
> כ־ k-: as, like; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> כיוצא kywṣˀ
> כ־ k-: as, like; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> As was brought out
> to it [this law]:
> בו bw: in it
> בו bw
> בו bw: in it
> to it [this law]:
> [There may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [There may] not
> be revealed
> גלא glˀ: reveal
> יאכל yˀkl
> אכל ˀkl: eat
> eat
> the truth
> יצבה yṣbh: truth
> הזב hzb
> זב zb: flux, gonorrhea
> [one afflicted with] gonorrhea
> with
> עם ˁm: with, near
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with, near
> [together] with
> a war,
> צבא ṣbˀ: army, war, warfare
> הזבה hzbh
> זב zb: flux, gonorrhea
> [his woman afflicted with] gonorrhea,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> [would become] familiar with [it]
> רגל rgl: accustomed to, used to, make familiar
> הרגל hrgl
> רגל rgl: accustomed to, used to, make familiar
> [they would become] used to
> the outsiders.
> ברא brˀ: outside; בריה bryh: man, people
> עברה ˁbrh
> עברה ˁbrh: transgression, sin
> the transgression.

> Shabbat 1.3.c

### Do not let commoners see the fraud, all must be finished in one day.

#### Shabbat 1.4.a

> Encrypted: And these were among the laws which were declared in the upper chambers of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon when other lords went up to visit him.

> Official: And these were among the laws which were declared in the upper chamber of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon when other sages went up to visit him.

> And these [were]
> אלו ˀlw: these
> ואלו wˀlw
> אלו ˀlw: these
> And these [were]
> among
> מן mn: from, among
> מן mn
> מן mn: from, among
> among
> the laws
> הלכה hlkh: law, rule
> ההלכות hhlkwt
> הלכה hlkh: law, rule
> the laws
> which were declared
> ש־ š-: which; אמר ˀmr: speak, say
> שאמרו šˀmrw
> ש־ š-: which; אמר ˀmr: speak, say
> which were declared
> in the upper chambers
> ב־ b-: in; עליתא ˁlytˀ: upper chamber, upper story, loft
> בעלית bˁlyt
> ב־ b-: in; עליתא ˁlytˀ: upper chamber, upper story, loft
> in the upper chamber
> of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
> חנניה בן חזקיה בן גריון ḥnnyh bn ḥzqyh bn grywn: Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
> חנניה בן חזקיה בן גריון ḥnnyh bn ḥzqyh bn grywn
> חנניה בן חזקיה בן גריון ḥnnyh bn ḥzqyh bn grywn: Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
> of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
> when [other lords] went up
> כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: go up
> כשעלו kšˁlw
> כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: go up
> when [other sages] went up
> to visit [him].
> ל־ l-: to; בקר bqr: attend, visit
> לבקרו lbqrw
> ל־ l-: to; בקר bqr: attend, visit
> to visit [him].

> Shabbat 1.4.a

#### Shabbat 1.4.b

> Encrypted: There numbered more the school of Shammai than the school of Hillel, and in a meeting of rulers those things they decreed there on that day.

> Official: There numbered more the school of Shammai than the school of Hillel, and eight and ten things they decreed there on that day.

> [There] numbered
> נ־ n-: make; מנה mnh: count, number
> נמנו nmnw
> נ־ n-: make; מנה mnh: count, number
> [There] numbered
> more
> רב rb: much, many
> ורבו wrbw
> רב rb: much, many
> more
> the school
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> the school
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> than
> על ˁl: to, than
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: to, than
> than
> the school
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> the school
> of Hillel,
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel,
> and [in] a meeting [?]
> זמן zmn: assemble, meet, plot together
> ושמנה wšmnh
> שמנה šmnh: eight
> and eight
> of rulers [?]
> עצר ˁṣr: rule; עוצר ˁwṣr: ruler, sovereign
> עשר ˁšr
> עשר ˁšr: ten
> and ten
> [those] things
> דבר dbr: speech, matter, thing
> דברים dbrym
> דבר dbr: speech, matter, thing
> things
> they decreed
> גזר gzr: determine, decree
> גזרו gzrw
> גזר gzr: determine, decree
> they decreed
> there
> בו bw: in it
> בו bw
> בו bw: in it
> there
> on that day.
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
> on that day.

> Shabbat 1.4.b

#### Shabbat 1.5.a

> Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: One may not let loose too much misery and horror and destruction, except when it can all be put on while on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

> Official: The school of Shammai say: One may not soak ink powder and dye powder and vetches on the eve to Sabbat, except when it still gets soaked right while on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

> The school
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The school
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> let loose [too much]
> שרה šrh: release, let loose
> שורין šwryn
> שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
> soak
> misery
> דוי dwy: grief, affliction, weaken, miserable
> דיו dyw
> דיו dyw: fluid, writing ink
> ink [powder?]
> and horror
> שממון šmmwn: appalment, horror; שמם šmm: destroy, ruin
> וסממנים wsmmnym
> סממן smmn: paint, dye, colors
> and dye [powder?]
> and destruction,
> קורצין qwrṣyn: destruction
> וכרשינים wkršynym
> כרשינה kršynh: vetch, horse-bean
> and vetches [on the eve to Sabbat],
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it can all] be put on
> ש־ š-: make; יסר ysr: tie, put on
> שישורו šyšwrw
> ש־ š-: make; ישר yšr: smooth, straight, right
> [it still gets soaked] right
> while
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> מבעוד mbˁwd
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> while
> on the [same] day.
> יום ywm: time
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> on the [same] day.
> But the school
> בית byt: house, school
> ובית wbyt
> בית byt: house, school
> But the school
> of Hillel
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel
> permit [it].
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתירין mtyryn
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permit [it].

> Shabbat 1.5.a

#### Shabbat 1.6.a

> Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: One may not show the fraud to one of the ordinary oppressed folk of servitude, except when they can be confused about it while on the same day.

> Official: The house of Shammai say: One may not give wet bundles of flax into the middle of the oven, except when they can be steamed out while on the same day.

> The house
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The house
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> show
> נתן ntn: show, present
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give, take
> give
> the fraud
> אונאה ˀwnˀh: wrong, fraudulent representation
> אונין ˀwnyn
> אונין ˀwnyn: bundles of wet flax
> wet bundles
> [to one] of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the ordinary
> פשוט pšwṭ: simple, ordinary, usual
> פשתן pštn
> פשתה pšth: flax, linen
> flax
> oppressed [folk]
> ל־ l-: belonging to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of servitude,
> ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
> התנור htnwr
> תנור tnwr: stove, oven
> of the oven,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> they [can] be confused [about it]
> ש־ š-: make; בלל bll: confuse, confound
> שיהבילו šyhbylw
> ש־ š-: which; הביל hbyl: steamy, humid
> they [can] be steamed out [?]
> while
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> מבעוד mbˁwd
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> while
> on the [same] day.
> יום ywm: day
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> on the [same] day.

> Shabbat 1.6.a

#### Shabbat 1.6.b

> Encrypted: And one may also not show it like this to guards of the city, except when they really absorb the deception. But the school of Hillel permit it.

> Official: And one may also not give like this wool into the kettle, except when it can absorb the colored look on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

> And [one may also] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And [one may also] not
> [show it like this]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [give like this]
> [to] guards
> שמר šmr: watch, guard; שומר šwmr: watchman
> הצמר hṣmr
> צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
> wool
> of the city,
> ל־ l-: belonging to; עיר ˁyr: town, city
> ליורה lywrh
> ל־ l-: to; יורה ywrh: boiler, kettle
> into the kettle,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [they really] absorb
> ש־ š-: make; קלט qlṭ: absorb
> שיקלט šyqlṭ
> ש־ š-: make; קלט qlṭ: absorb
> [it can] absorb
> the deception.
> אונאה ˀwnˀh: deception, deceit, fraud
> העין hˁyn
> עין ˁyn: eye, appearance, color
> the colored look [on the same day].
> But the school
> בית byt: house, school
> ובית wbyt
> בית byt: house, school
> But the school
> of Hillel
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel
> permit [it].
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתירין mtyryn
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permit [it].

> Shabbat 1.6.b

### For the actors, use camps that can be quickly taken down.

#### Shabbat 1.6.c

> Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: One may not spread out camps for the show people and the veiled people and secret watchmen, except when they can still be emptied while on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

> Official: The house of Shammai say: One may not spread out nets & traps for beasts and birds and fish, except when they can still be caught while on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

> The house
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The house
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> spread out
> פרש prš: spread out
> פורשין pwršyn
> פרש prš: spread out
> spread out
> camps
> מצודה mṣwdh: fort, fortress, stronghold
> מצודות mṣwdwt
> מצודה mṣwdh: net, trap
> nets & traps
> [for] the show [people]
> חוה ḥwh: show
> חיה ḥyh
> חיה ḥyh: beast
> [for] beasts
> and the veiled [people]
> עפף ˁpp: double, wrapping; עיפא ˁypˀ: cover, veil
> ועופות wˁwpwt
> עוף ˁwp: bird
> and birds
> and [secret] watchmen,
> דק dq: thin curtain; דיק dyq: watchman
> ודגים wdgym
> דג dg: fish
> and fish,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [they can still] be emptied
> ש־ š-: make; צדי ṣdy: deserted, destroyed, empty
> שיצודו šyṣwdw
> ש־ š-: make; צוד ṣwd: hunt, catch
> [they can still] be caught
> while
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> מבעוד mbˁwd
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> while
> on the [same] day.
> יום ywm: day
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> on the [same] day.
> But the school
> בית byt: house, school
> ובית wbyt
> בית byt: house, school
> But the school
> of Hillel
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel
> permit [it].
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתירין mtyryn
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permit [it].

> Shabbat 1.6.c

### Strangers may not know about the fake, except if they’re rulers.

#### Shabbat 1.7.a

> Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: One may not make all this known to an outsider, and may not tell anything to him, and may not choose a role in the fake on him, except when he is raised to be ruler of the place of the war. But the school of Hillel permit it.

> Official: The house of Shammai say: One may not sell something to a non-Jewish stranger, and may not make him carry something with him, and may not lift something on him, except when the toil of carrying is to a place nearby. But the school of Hillel permit it.

> The house
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The house
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> [make all this] known
> מכר mkr: known, recognized, acquainted
> מוכרין mwkryn
> מכר mkr: sell, sold
> sell [something]
> to an outsider,
> ל־ l-: to; נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
> לנכרי lnkry
> ל־ l-: to; נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
> to a [non-Jewish?] stranger,
> and [may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [may] not
> tell [anything]
> תנא tnˀ: tell, relate, teach
> טוענין ṭwˁnyn
> טען ṭˁn: carry, burden, load
> make him carry [something]
> to him,
> עם ˁm: with
> עמו ˁmw
> עם ˁm: with
> with him,
> and [may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [may] not
> choose [a role in the fake?]
> מ־ m-: of; גבי gby: choose, select
> מגביהין mgbyhyn
> מ־ m-: of; גבה gbh: raise, high, lift
> lift [something]
> on him,
> על ˁl: on, upon
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, upon
> on him,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [he is] raised to be ruler
> ש־ š-: make; גאי gˀy: rise, exalted, lord it; גאה gˀh: ruler
> שיגיע šygyˁ
> ש־ š-: make; יגע ygˁ: toil, weary
> the toil [of carrying]
> of the place
> ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
> למקום lmqwm
> ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
> [is] to a place
> of the war.
> קרב qrb: war, battle, soldier
> קרוב qrwb
> קרוב qrwb: near, close
> nearby.
> But the school
> בית byt: house, school
> ובית wbyt
> בית byt: house, school
> But the school
> of Hillel
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel
> permit [it].
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתירין mtyryn
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permit [it].

> Shabbat 1.7.a

### Do not show the dress-up costumes to servants, except your own.

#### Shabbat 1.8.a

> Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: One may not show the dress-up skins to a worker, and not the fake dresses to an oppressed who is an outsider, except when any suspicion can still be smoothened out while on the same day. But in all these, the school of Hillel permit it with one’s own servants.

> Official: The house of Shammai say: One may not give animal skins to a non-Jewish worker, and not dresses to a laundryman who is a non-Jewish stranger, except when they can still be smoothened out while on the same day. But in all these, the school of Hillel permit it with the sun still being up.

> The house
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The house
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> show
> נתן ntn: show, present
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give
> give
> the [dress-up] skins
> עור ˁwr: skin, hide
> עורות ˁwrwt
> עור ˁwr: skin, hide
> [animal] skins
> to a worker,
> ל־ l-: to; עבד ˁbd: work, labor, servant
> לעבדן lˁbdn
> ל־ l-: to; עבד ˁbd: work, labor, servant
> to a [non-Jewish?] worker,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> the [fake] dresses
> כלי kly: dress, garment
> כלים klym
> כלי kly: dress, garment
> dresses
> to an oppressed
> ל־ l-: to; חבץ ḥbṣ: press, oppressed, crowd
> לכובס lkwbs
> ל־ l-: to; כובס kwbs: laundryman
> to a laundryman
> who is an outsider,
> נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
> נכרי nkry
> נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
> who is a [non-Jewish?] stranger,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [any suspicion can still] be smoothened out
> שעשע šˁšˁ: smooth
> שיעשו šyˁšw
> שעשע šˁšˁ: smooth
> [they can still] be smoothened out
> while
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> מבעוד mbˁwd
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> while
> on the [same] day.
> יום ywm: day
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> on the [same] day.
> But in all [these],
> ב־ b-: in; כלן kln: all
> ובכלן wbkln
> ב־ b-: in; כלן kln: all
> But in all [these],
> the school
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> the school
> of Hillel
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel
> permit [it]
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתירין mtyryn
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permit [it]
> with
> עם ˁm: with, near
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with, near
> with
> [one’s own] servants.
> שמש šmš: serve, servant
> השמש hšmš
> שמש šmš: sun
> the sun [still being up?].

> Shabbat 1.8.a

#### Shabbat 1.9.a

> Encrypted: Says lord Simeon ben Gamliel: This custom existed in the family of my father, which was that they would present their dresses for the mockery to the oppressed outsiders of their own bound people before the war.

> Official: Says rabban Simeon ben Gamliel: This custom existed in the family of my father, which was that they would give their dresses which were white to a laundryman who was a non-Jewish stranger at least three days before Sabbath.

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> rabban
> Simeon ben Gamliel:
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
> Simeon ben Gamliel:
> [This] custom
> נוהג nwhg: custom
> נוהגין nwhgyn
> נוהג nwhg: custom
> [This] custom
> existed
> היה hyh: be, exist
> היו hyw
> היה hyh: be, exist
> existed
> in the family
> בית byt: house, family
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, family
> in the family
> of my father,
> אבא ˀbˀ: my father
> אבא ˀbˀ
> אבא ˀbˀ: my father
> of my father,
> which was that
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> שהיו šhyw
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> which was that
> [they would] present
> נתן ntn: show, present
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give
> [they would] give
> their dresses
> כלי kly: dress, garment
> כלי kly
> כלי kly: dress, garment
> their dresses
> [for] the mockery
> לעב lˁb: mock, mockery; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> לבן lbn
> לבן lbn: white
> which were white
> to the oppressed
> ל־ l-: to; חבץ ḥbṣ: press, oppressed, crowd
> לכובס lkwbs
> ל־ l-: to; כובס kwbs: laundryman
> to a laundryman
> outsiders
> נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
> נכרי nkry
> נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
> who was a [non-Jewish] stranger
> [of their own?] bound [??]
> שלשל šlšl: chained; שלול šlwl: chained, fettered, manacled
> שלשה šlšh
> שלש šlš: three
> [at least?] three
> people [??]
> עמים ˁmym: people
> ימים ymym
> ימים ymym: days
> days
> before
> קדם qdm: before
> קדם qdm
> קדם qdm: before
> before
> the war.
> ל־ l-: to; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> לשבת lšbt
> ל־ l-: to; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> Sabbath.

> Shabbat 1.9.a

### There’s always occasional leaks, so they mustn’t be neglected.

#### Shabbat 1.9.b

> Encrypted: And equally voted these of Shammai and those of Hillel here: One can always have be pierced one’s meetings when being among disturbers, and they can be revealed to troops by accident.

> Official: And equally voted these of Shammai and those of Hillel here: One may always put down the beam of the structure to press olives, and the press of the wine vat so they press down on Sabbath.

> And equally [voted]
> שוי šwy: equal, alike
> ושוין wšwyn
> שוי šwy: equal, alike
> And equally [voted]
> these [of Shammai]
> אלו ˀlw: these
> אלו ˀlw
> אלו ˀlw: these
> these [of Shammai]
> and those [of Hillel] [here]:
> אלו ˀlw: these
> ואלו wˀlw
> אלו ˀlw: these
> and those [of Hillel] [here]:
> [One can always] have be pierced
> ש־ š-: make; טען ṭˁn: pierce
> שטוענין šṭwˁnyn
> ש־ š-: make; טען ṭˁn: put a burden on, load
> [One may always] put down
> [one’s] meetings
> קרי qry: join, meet, happen
> קורות qwrwt
> קורה qwrh: beam
> the beam
> [when being] among [??]
> בית byt: between, among
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, structure
> of the structure
> disturbers [??],
> בדד bdd: disturb; בדוד bdwd: disturber
> הבד hbd
> בדוד bdwd: olive press
> to press olives,
> and [they can] be revealed
> גלא glˀ: uncover, reveal
> ועגולי wˁgwly
> עגל ˁgl: roll, press
> and the press
> to troops [by accident].
> גוד gwd: troop
> הגת hgt
> גת gt: wine-press, vat
> of the wine vat [so they press down on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 1.9.b

#### Shabbat 1.10.a

> Encrypted: One may not neglect penetrations, having things laid bare, or having been found out, except when it can be cleared up while on the same day.

> Official: One may not roast meat, onions or eggs, except when they can be roasted fully while on the same day.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> neglect
> שלי šly: be at ease, unconcerned, neglect
> צולין ṣwlyn
> צלי ṣly: roast, roasted
> roast
> penetrations,
> ברץ brṣ: penetrate, reveal
> בשר bšr
> בשר bšr: meat
> meat,
> having [things] laid bare,
> פצל pṣl: split, peel, lay bare
> בצל bṣl
> בצל bṣl: onion
> onions
> or having been found out,
> בצי bṣy: strip, found out, understood
> וביצה wbyṣh
> ביצה byṣh: egg
> or eggs,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it can] be cleared up
> ש־ š-: make; צלל ṣll: settle, clear, clarify
> שיצולו šyṣwlw
> ש־ š-: make; צלי ṣly: roast, roasted
> [they can] be roasted [fully]
> while
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> מבעוד mbˁwd
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> while
> on the [same] day.
> יום ywm: day
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> on the [same] day.

> Shabbat 1.10.a

### Subjects mustn’t see the fraud, except when it can be covered up quickly.

#### Shabbat 1.10.b

> Encrypted: One may not show the deception to one of the servants who is with the poor subjects, and not the wrong acting in a place next to the multitudes, except when it can be covered up on the surface while on the same day.

> Official: One may not give a piece of bread into the oven near nightfall, and not a cake onto a spot next to burning coals, except when it can form a crust on its surface while on the same day.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> show
> נתן ntn: show, present
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give
> give
> the deception
> פתה pth: foolish, seduce, deceive
> פת pt
> פת pt: piece of bread
> a piece of bread
> to one of the servants
> ל־ l-: to; ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
> לתנור ltnwr
> ל־ l-: to; תנור tnwr: stove, oven
> into the oven
> [who is] with
> עם ˁm: with, near
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with, near
> near
> the poor [subjects],
> חשוך ḥšwk: dark, reduced, poor
> חשכה ḥškh
> חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
> nightfall,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> the wrong [acting]
> הרר hrr: trouble, annoy, do wrong, snow job
> חררה ḥrrh
> חרר ḥrr: cake
> a cake
> in
> על ˁl: upon, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> onto
> [a place] next to
> גב gb: near, next to
> גבי gby
> גב gb: near, next to
> [a spot] next to
> the multitudes,
> קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde
> גחלים gḥlym
> גחל gḥl: burning coal
> burning coals,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it can] be covered up
> ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: fine cloth, cover, overlay
> שיקרמו šyqrmw
> ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: form a skin, cover with crust
> [it can] form a crust
> [on] the surface
> פני pny: face
> פניה pnyh
> פני pny: face
> [on its] surface
> while
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> מבעוד mbˁwd
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> while
> on the [same] day.
> יום ywm: day
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> on the [same] day.

> Shabbat 1.10.b

#### Shabbat 1.10.c

> Encrypted: Rabbi Eliezer says: When one can put up a cover in the place of it.

> Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: When it can form a crust on the lower part of it.

> Rabbi
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> When
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> When
> [one can put up] a cover
> ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: fine cloth, cover, overlay
> שיקרם šyqrm
> ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: form a skin, cover with crust
> [it can] form a crust
> in the place
> תחת tḥt: instead of, in place of
> התחתון htḥtwn
> תחת tḥt: below, under
> [on] the lower [part]
> of it.
> של šl: belonging to, of
> שלה šlh
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of it.

> Shabbat 1.10.c

### Open places can be controlled with guards & crowds.

#### Shabbat 1.11.a

> Encrypted: If one can control even an open place towards the servants with obscurity, then one may hold the fake attack with guards even among occasional penetrations. Also with crowds of agents when can hold & support the fake attack enough of them. Lord Yehudah says: With governor support, even all of it can be shown.

> Official: When the Sabbath is connected to the Passover festival one may put things into the oven near nightfall, and one may ignite the flame in the pile of wood of the temple to burn there. Also in country areas, when can be ignited the flame enough before Sabbath. Rabbi Yehudah says: With coal fires, even if any of it can be ignited.

> [If one can] control
> משל mšl: manage, control
> משלשלין mšlšlyn
> מ־ m-: of; שלשל šlšl: chained, connected
> [When the Sabbath] is connected
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> to
> [even] an open place [?]
> פצח pṣḥ: open place, unwalled place
> הפסח hpsḥ
> פסח psḥ: Passover festival
> the Passover festival
> towards the servants
> ל־ l-: to; ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
> בתנור btnwr
> ל־ l-: to; תנור tnwr: stove, oven
> [one may put things] into the oven
> with
> עם ˁm: with, near
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with, near
> near
> obscurity [?],
> חשך ḥšk: darken, obscure
> חשכה ḥškh
> חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
> nightfall,
> then [one may] hold
> מ־ m-: of; אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
> ומאחיזין wmˀḥyzyn
> מ־ m-: of; אחז ˀḥz: hold, ignite with kindling wood
> and [one may] ignite
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the [fake] attack
> אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
> האור hˀwr
> אור ˀwr: light, flame
> the flame
> with guards
> ב־ b-: with; מטרי mṭry: guard, watcher
> במדורת bmdwrt
> ב־ b-: in; מדורה mdwrh: pile of wood, fire
> in the pile of wood
> [even] among
> בית byt: between, among
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, structure
> of the temple
> [occasional?] penetrations [?].
> מ־ m-: of; קדד qdd: bore, penetrate
> המוקד hmwqd
> מ־ m-: of; יקד yqd: kindle, burn, set on fire
> to burn [there].
> Also with crowds [of agents?]
> ב־ b-: with; גבל gbl: people, crowd
> ובגבולין wbgbwlyn
> ב־ b-: in; גבול gbwl: border, territory, country
> Also in country [areas??],
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [can] hold & support
> ש־ š-: make; אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
> שיאחז šyˀḥz
> ש־ š-: make; אחז ˀḥz: hold, ignite with kindling wood
> [can] be ignited
> the [fake] attack
> אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
> האור hˀwr
> אור ˀwr: light, flame
> the flame
> enough [of them?].
> ב־ b-: in; רב rb: much, many, enough
> ברבן brbn
> ב־ b-: in; רב rb: much, many, enough
> enough [before Sabbath].
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> With governor [support?],
> ב־ b-: with; פחם pḥm: governors
> בפחמין bpḥmyn
> ב־ b-: in; פחם pḥm: coal
> With coal [fires],
> [even] all
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> [even if?] any
> of it [can be shown?].
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of it [can be ignited?].

> Shabbat 1.11.a

## Kindling the subjects for war

### One cannot kindle a war with mere words & mock-ups.

#### Shabbat 2:1.a

> Encrypted: With what can one kindle a war and with what can one not kindle it? One can not kindle it with these: Not with mere words, not with mere appearances, not with mere chatter, and not with a mere perversion of things already in memory, and not with a mere perversion of speech, and not with arranging things which are already known on the surface to the people.

> Official: With what may one kindle a fire on Sabbath, and with what may one not kindle it? One may not kindle it with these: Not with cedar wood, not with flax, not with bast silk, not with a thread of bast, and not with a thread of desert grass, and not with moss which grows on the surface of water.

> With what
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> במה bmh
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> With what
> [can one] kindle [a war]
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> [may one] kindle [a fire on Sabbath],
> and with what
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> ובמה wbmh
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> and with what
> [can one] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [may one] not
> kindle [it]?
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindle [it]?
> [One can] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> kindle [it with these]:
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindle [it with these]:
> Not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Not
> with [mere] words,
> ב־ b-: with; לכסי lksy: lexis, language, word
> בלכש blkš
> ב־ b-: with; לכש lkš: cedar-bast
> with cedar [wood],
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [mere] appearances,
> ב־ b-: with; חזון ḥzwn: vision, appearance, spectacle, theatrical
> בחסן bḥsn
> ב־ b-: with; הוצני hwṣny: soaked flax
> with flax,
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [mere] chatter,
> ב־ b-: with; גלג glg: reveal, chatter, boast
> בכלך bklk
> ב־ b-: with; כלך klk: bast silk
> with bast silk,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with a [mere] perversion
> ב־ b-: with; פתל ptl: pervert, twist
> בפתילת bptylt
> ב־ b-: with; פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
> with a thread
> of [things already in] memory,
> עוהדן ˁwhdn: memory, commemoration, mention
> האידן hˀydn
> אידן ˀydn: bast
> of bast,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with a [mere] perversion
> ב־ b-: with; פתל ptl: pervert, twist
> בפתילת bptylt
> ב־ b-: with; פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
> with a thread
> of speech,
> מדבר mdbr: speech, talk
> המדבר hmdbr
> מדבר mdbr: desert
> of desert grass [??],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with arranging [things]
> ב־ b-: with; ערך ˁrk: arrange, prepare
> בירוקה byrwqh
> ב־ b-: with; ירוקה yrwqh: moss
> with moss [??]
> which [are already known] on
> ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on
> שעל šˁl
> ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on
> which [grows] on
> the surface
> פני pny: face
> פני pny
> פני pny: face
> the surface
> [to] the people.
> עמים ˁmym: people
> המים hmym
> מים mym: water
> of water [???].

> Shabbat 2:1.a

#### Shabbat 2:1.b

> Encrypted: And not with mere forgeries, and not with mere smooth-talking, and not with the arrangement of mere impressions, and not with the arrangement of mere confusion and not with mere accusations, and not with mere mockery.

> Official: And not with pitch, and not with wax, and not with oil of castor seeds, and not with oil that was burnt, and not with a sheep's tail, and not with fat.

> And not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And not
> with [mere] forgeries,
> ב־ b-: with; זוף zwp: falsify, forge; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> בזפת bzpt
> ב־ b-: with; זפת zpt: pitch
> with pitch,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with [mere] smooth-talking,
> ב־ b-: with; שעוע šˁwˁ: smooth-talking, hypocrisy
> בשעוה bšˁwh
> ב־ b-: with; שעוה šˁwh: wax, balm
> with wax,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with the arrangement
> ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> בשמן bšmn
> ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> with oil
> of [mere] impressions,
> קעקע qˁqˁ: engrave, impression
> קיק qyq
> קיק qyq: castor-oil seed
> of castor seeds,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with the arrangement
> ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> בשמן bšmn
> ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> with oil
> of [mere] confusion [??]
> סרב srb: confound, deny, speak falsely against
> שרפה šrph
> שרפה šrph: burning, fire
> [that] was burnt,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with [mere] accusations,
> ב־ b-: with; עלל ˁll: accuse falsely
> באליה bˀlyh
> ב־ b-: with; אליה ˀlyh: fat tail of sheep
> with a sheep's tail [??],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with [mere] mockery.
> ב־ b-: with; לעב / הלעב lˁb / hlˁb: mock, jest
> בחלב bḥlb
> ב־ b-: with; חלב ḥlb: fat, grease, milk
> with fat.

> Shabbat 2:1.b

#### Shabbat 2:1.c

> Encrypted: Nahum the Median says: One can kindle a war with mockery that is perfect. But the advisors say: Whether it is one kind that is perfect or another kind that is not perfect, either way one can not kindle a war with mere mockery.

> Official: Nahum the Median says: One may kindle a fire with fat that was boiled. But the advisors say: Whether it is one kind that was boiled or another kind that was not boiled, either way one may not kindle a fire on Sabbath with fat.

> Nahum
> נחום nḥwm: Nahum
> נחום nḥwm
> נחום nḥwm: Nahum
> Nahum
> the Median
> מדי mdy: Median
> המדי hmdy
> מדי mdy: Median
> the Median
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One can] kindle [a war]
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> [One may] kindle [a fire]
> with mockery
> ב־ b-: with; לעב / הלעב lˁb / hlˁb: mock, jest
> בחלב bḥlb
> ב־ b-: with; חלב ḥlb: fat, grease, milk
> with fat
> [that] is perfect.
> מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: mature, perfect
> מבשל mbšl
> מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
> [that] was boiled.
> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [Whether it is] one [kind]
> אחד ˀḥd: one, other
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one, other
> [Whether it is] one [kind]
> [that] is perfect
> מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: mature, perfect
> מבשל mbšl
> מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
> [that] was boiled
> or another [kind]
> אחד ˀḥd: one, other
> ואחד wˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one, other
> or another [kind]
> that [is] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינו šˀynw
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> that [was] not
> perfect,
> מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: mature, perfect
> מבשל mbšl
> מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
> boiled,
> [either way one can] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [either way one may] not
> kindle [a war]
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindle [a fire on Sabbath]
> with [mere mockery].
> בי by: with
> בו bw
> בי by: with
> with [fat].

> Shabbat 2:1.c

#### Shabbat 2:2.a

> Encrypted: One can not kindle a war with mere arrangements of confusion in times that are otherwise pleasant & peaceful. Rabbi Ishmael says: One may not kindle a war with mere decoration, because of the importance of war.

> Official: One may not kindle a fire with oil that was burned on a day joyful of a festival. Rabbi Ishmael says: One may not kindle a fire with pitch, because of the importance Sabbath.

> [One can] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> kindle [a war]
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindle [a fire]
> with [mere] arrangements
> ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> בשמן bšmn
> ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> with oil
> of confusion
> סרב srb: confound, deny, speak falsely against
> שרפה šrph
> שרפה šrph: burning, fire
> [that] was burned
> in times
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> on a day
> [that are otherwise] pleasant [& peaceful].
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival].
> Rabbi
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Ishmael
> ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
> ישמעאל yšmˁˀl
> ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
> Ishmael
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> kindle [a war]
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindle [a fire]
> with [mere] decoration,
> ב־ b-: with; עטר ˁṭr: adorn, decorate; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> בעטרן bˁṭrn
> ב־ b-: with; עטרן ˁṭrn: cedar oil, pitch
> with pitch,
> because of
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because of
> the importance
> כבוד kbwd: importance, honor, respect
> כבוד kbwd
> כבוד kbwd: importance, honor, respect
> the importance
> of war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> Sabbath.

> Shabbat 2:2.a

#### Shabbat 2:2.b

> Encrypted: But the advisors permit it with all these arrangements: With arranging a swordfight, with arranging an attack, with arranging a fight, with arranging a humiliation, with arranging a military encounter, with violence and with surprise attacks.

> Official: And the advisors permit it with all oils: With oil of sesame, with oil of nuts, with oil of radishes, with oil of fish, with oil of gourds, with pitch, and with petroleum.

> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> permit [it]
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: permit
> מתירין mtyryn
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: permit
> permit [it]
> with all [these]
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
> בכל bkl
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
> with all
> arrangements:
> זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> השמנים hšmnym
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> oils:
> With arranging
> ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> בשמן bšmn
> ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> With oil
> a swordfight [??],
> צמצמא ṣmṣmˀ: sword
> שמשמין šmšmyn
> שמשם šmšm: sesame
> of sesame,
> with arranging
> ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> בשמן bšmn
> ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> with oil
> an attack,
> עגש ˁgš: attack, gore
> אגוזים ˀgwzym
> אגוז ˀgwz: nut
> of nuts,
> with arranging
> ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> בשמן bšmn
> ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> with oil
> a fight,
> זון zwn: outfit, decorate, arm one’s self, fight
> צנונות ṣnwnwt
> צנון ṣnwn: radish
> of radishes,
> with arranging
> ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> בשמן bšmn
> ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> with oil
> a humiliation,
> דקדק dqdq: crush, humiliate, break
> דגים dgym
> דג dg: fish
> of fish,
> with arranging
> ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> בשמן bšmn
> ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> with oil
> a [military] encounter,
> פגע pgˁ: encounter, attack
> פקועות pqwˁwt
> פקוע pqwˁ: gourd
> of gourds,
> with violence [??]
> ב־ b-: with; טרוניא ṭrwnyˀ: tyrannical, brutal, violent
> בעטרן bˁṭrn
> ב־ b-: with; עטרן ˁṭrn: cedar oil, pitch
> with pitch,
> and with surprise [attacks??].
> ב־ b-: with; נ־ n-: make; פתע ptˁ: surprise, suddenly
> ובנפט wbnpṭ
> ב־ b-: with; נפט npṭ: naphtha, petroleum
> and with petroleum.

> Shabbat 2:2.b

#### Shabbat 2:2.c

> Encrypted: Lord Tarfon says: One simply can not kindle a war, except with arrangements of terror alone.

> Official: Rabbi Tarfon says: One may not kindle a fire, except with oil of olives alone.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Tarfon
> טרפון ṭrpwn: Tarfon
> טרפון ṭrpwn
> טרפון ṭrpwn: Tarfon
> Tarfon
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One simply can] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> kindle [a war],
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindle [a fire],
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> with arrangements
> ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> בשמן bšmn
> ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> with oil
> of terror
> זועתא zwˁtˀ: terror
> זית zyt
> זית zyt: olive
> of olives
> alone.
> ב־ b-: with; לבד lbd: alone
> בלבד blbd
> ב־ b-: with; לבד lbd: alone
> alone.

> Shabbat 2:2.c

### No deception can kindle a war like a physical attack.

#### Shabbat 2:3.a

> Encrypted: With all things that one can bring forth from one’s power, one can not kindle a war with them, except with an attack. And of all things that one can bring forth from one’s power, they do not stupefy so completely the slaves, except an attack.

> Official: With all oils that come out from trees, one may not kindle a fire with them, except with flax. And of all oils that come out from trees, they do not make unclean by corpses a tent containing them, except flax.

> [With] all [things]
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> [With] all [oils]
> [that one can] bring forth
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
> היוצא hywṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
> [that] come out
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> [one’s] power,
> עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force
> העץ hˁṣ
> עץ ˁṣ: tree
> trees,
> [one can] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one may] not
> kindle [a war]
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindle [a fire]
> with them,
> בי by: with
> בו bw
> בי by: with
> with them,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> [with] an attack.
> פשט pšṭ: attack, invade, make a raid; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> פשתן pštn
> פשתן pštn: flax, linen
> [with] flax.
> And [of] all [things]
> כל kl: all
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all
> And [of] all [oils]
> [that one can] bring forth
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
> היוצא hywṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
> [that] come out
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> [one’s] power,
> עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force
> העץ hˁṣ
> עץ ˁṣ: tree
> trees,
> [they do] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [they do] not
> stupefy
> מ־ m-: of; תמה tmh: amaze, astonish, stun, stupor
> מטמא mṭmˀ
> מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> make unclean
> [so] completely
> תם tm: completeness, perfection
> טמאת ṭmˀt
> טמא ṭmˀ: ghost, unclean by corpse
> [by] corpses [??]
> the slaves,
> אולה ˀwlh: slave; חול ḥwl: common
> אהלים ˀhlym
> אהל ˀhl: tent, shelter, cover
> a tent [containing them?],
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> an attack.
> פשט pšṭ: attack, invade, make a raid; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> פשתן pštn
> פשתן pštn: flax, linen
> flax.

> Shabbat 2:3.a

#### Shabbat 2:3.b

> Encrypted: Even a perversion of deceit which is accepted, but it may not confuse the subjects enough. Lord Eliezer says: It is unfit, one can not kindle a war with it. Lord Akiva says: If it is a really clean one, then one can kindle a war with it.

> Official: A thread of garment which is rolled up into a wick, but not yet struck lit up. Rabbi Eliezer says: It is unclean, one may not kindle a fire with it. Rabbi Akiva says: It is clean, and one may kindle a fire with it.

> [Even] a perversion
> פתל ptl: pervert, twist
> פתילת ptylt
> פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
> A thread
> of deceit
> בגד bgd: betrayal, treachery, deceit
> הבגד hbgd
> בגד bgd: web, garment, dress
> of garment
> which is accepted [?],
> ש־ š-: which; קבל qbl: receive, accept
> שקפלה šqplh
> ש־ š-: which; קפל qpl: fold, roll up
> which is rolled up [into a wick?],
> but [it may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> but not
> confuse [the subjects enough].
> בהבה bhbh: confused, dumbfound, perplex, baffle
> הבהבה hbhbh
> בהבה bhbh: strike
> [yet] struck [lit up?].
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> It is unfit,
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> טמאה ṭmˀh
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> It is unclean,
> [one can] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one may] not
> kindle [a war]
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindle [a fire]
> with it.
> בה bh: with it
> בה bh
> בה bh: with it
> with it.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [If] it is a [really] clean [one],
> טהר ṭhr: cleared, cleanse, amend
> טהורה ṭhwrh
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> It is clean,
> then [one can] kindle [a war]
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> ומדליקין wmdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> and [one may] kindle [a fire]
> with it.
> בה bh: with it
> בה bh
> בה bh: with it
> with it.

> Shabbat 2:3.b

### Leaks out of idiocy cannot be filled with simple distractions.

#### Shabbat 2:4.a

> Encrypted: And may not fix up a man the clumsiness of being found out, and fill it with another arrangement and place it on the mouth of the servants, the reason being to distract and to obscure of it its clumsiness. But lord Yehudah permits it.

> Official: And may not hollow out a man the receptacle shell of an egg, and fill it with oil, and place it on the mouth of a lamp, the reason being to make it drip into the lamp, to extend of it its glowing time. But rabbi Yehudah permits it.

> [And may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [And may] not
> fix up [??]
> קבע qbˁ: deceive, fix, establish
> יקב yqb
> יקב yqb: hollow out
> hollow out
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man
> a man
> the clumsiness [??]
> ש־ š-: make; פפרא pprˀ: clumsy, negligent, neglectful; פפרותא pprwtˀ: awkwardness, clumsiness, sloppiness
> שפופרת špwprt
> שפופרת špwprt: tube, pipe, receptacle
> the receptacle [shell?]
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> being found out,
> בצי bṣy: strip, found out, understood
> ביצה byṣh
> ביצה byṣh: egg
> an egg [??],
> and fill [it]
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> וימלאנה wymlˀnh
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> and fill [it]
> [with another] arrangement
> זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> שמן šmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> [with] oil,
> and place [it]
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> ויתננה wytnnh
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> and place [it]
> on
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> the mouth
> פה ph: mouth
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth
> the mouth
> of the servants,
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> of a lamp,
> the reason
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> the reason
> being
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> שתהא šthˀ
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> being
> to distract
> מ־ m-: of; נתף ntp: entice, attract, distracted
> מנטפת mnṭpt
> מ־ m-: of; נטף nṭp: drip, drop
> [to make it] drip [into the lamp??],
> [and] to obscure
> אפל ˀpl: darken, obscure
> אפלו ˀplw
> אפל ˀpl: slow, late
> to extend
> of it
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> היא hyˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of it
> its
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> its
> clumsiness [??].
> חרוסא ḥrwsˀ: awkward, clumsy
> חרס ḥrs
> חרס ḥrs: sun, glow
> glowing [time].
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> permits [it].
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permits [it].

> Shabbat 2:4.a

#### Shabbat 2:4.b

> Encrypted: But if was an associate the leaker from the beginning, then it is permitted, because then it is a thing unique.

> Official: But if the egg was attached when fashioning the lamp from the beginning, then it is permitted, because then it is a vessel single.

> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> [was] an associate
> חבר ḥbr: company, partner, associate
> חברה ḥbrh
> חבר ḥbr: join, attach
> [the egg??] was attached
> the leaker [?]
> צרי ṣry: split, penetrate, burst
> היוצר hywṣr
> יצר yṣr: fashion, create, establish
> [when] fashioning [the lamp??]
> from the beginning,
> מ־ m-: from; תחל tḥl: begin
> מתחלה mtḥlh
> מ־ m-: from; תחל tḥl: begin
> from the beginning,
> [then it] is permitted,
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתר mtr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> [then it] is permitted,
> because [then]
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because [then]
> it is
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it is
> a thing
> כלי kly: thing
> כלי kly
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> a vessel
> unique.
> אחד ˀḥd: one, single, unique
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one, single, unique
> single.

> Shabbat 2:4.b

### One may not punish a leaker by throwing him to the masses.

#### Shabbat 2:4.c

> Encrypted: Also may not fill a man a leak with an arrangement, and place it at the side of the servants, and put the disturber of the perversion project in their middle for the sake of him drawing and absorbing their anger. But lord Yehudah permits it.

> Official: Also may not fill a man a dish with oil, and place it at the side of a lamp, and put the head of the wick in its middle for the sake of it drawing and absorbing the oil. But rabbi Yehudah permits it.

> [Also may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [Also may] not
> fill
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> ימלא ymlˀ
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> fill
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man
> a man
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a leak
> קרר qrr: well forth, give forth
> הקערה hqˁrh
> קערה qˁrh: dish, platter
> a dish
> [with] an arrangement,
> זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
> שמן šmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> [with] oil,
> and place [it]
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> ויתננה wytnnh
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> and place [it]
> at the side
> ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
> בצד bṣd
> ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
> at the side
> of the servants,
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> of a lamp,
> and put
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> ויתן wytn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> and put
> the disturber
> רעש rˁš: shake, disturb
> ראש rˀš
> ראש rˀš: head
> the head
> of the perversion [project?]
> פתל ptl: pervert, twist
> הפתילה hptylh
> פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
> of the wick
> in [their] middle
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> בתוכה btwkh
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> in [its] middle
> for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for the sake of
> [him] drawing
> שתי šty: drink, absorb water
> שתהא šthˀ
> שתי šty: drink, absorb water
> [it] drawing
> [and] absorbing [their anger].
> שאב šˀb: draw water, absorb; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> שואבת šwˀbt
> שאב šˀb: draw water, absorb; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> [and] absorbing [the oil].
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> permits [it].
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permits [it].

> Shabbat 2:4.c

## Safety & killings in war

### It’s okay to kill commoners if you’re afraid, or to train the army.

#### Shabbat 2:5.a

> Encrypted: When one extinguishes servants because one was startled because of the crowds, or because of being seized, or because of commoners that would do harm, or if it was for the sake of the army to harden them up, then one is exempt.

> Official: When one extinguishes a lamp because one was startled because of gentiles, or because of robbers, or because of spirits that are evil, or if it was for the sake of a sick person to allow him to sleep, then one is exempt.

> [When one] extinguishes
> מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> המכבה hmkbh
> מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> [When one] extinguishes
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> servants [?!?]
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> a lamp
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> one
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> one
> was startled
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: jump, startled, terrify
> מתירא mtyrˀ
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: jump, startled, terrify
> was startled
> because of
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because of
> the crowds,
> גוי gwy: crowd, people
> גוים gwym
> גוי gwy: nation, gentile
> gentiles,
> or because of
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> or because of
> being seized,
> לסטי lsṭy: rob, seize, seized
> לסטים lsṭym
> לסט lsṭ: robber
> robbers,
> or because of
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> or because of
> commoners
> רווח rwwḥ: common, popular
> רוח rwḥ
> רוח rwḥ: spirit
> spirits
> that [would] do harm,
> רעה rˁh: wrong, harm
> רעה rˁh
> רעה rˁh: evil
> that are evil,
> or if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> or if
> [it was] for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> [it was] for the sake of
> the army
> חיל ḥyl: force, army, military
> החולה hḥwlh
> חלה ḥlh: faint, sick
> a sick person
> [to] harden them up [?!?],
> עשן ˁšn: harden, make firm, grow strong, prepare oneself
> שיישן šyyšn
> ש־ š-: make; ישן yšn: sleep
> [to allow] him to sleep,
> [then one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then one] is exempt.

> Shabbat 2:5.a

### One mustn’t protect servants or idiots or talkers.

#### Shabbat 2:5.b

> Encrypted: But as for protecting servants, as for protecting idiots, as for protecting idiot talkers, one is guilty. But lord Yose exempts this, in everything except of protecting idiot talkers, because they really create trouble.

> Official: But as for sparing the lamp, as for sparing the oil, as for sparing the fuse, one is guilty. But rabbi Yose exempts this, in everything except of sparing the fuse, because it creates coal when it’s extinguished.

> [But] as for protecting
> כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
> כחס kḥs
> כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
> [But] as for sparing
> על ˁl: to, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: to, over
> servants [?!?],
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> the lamp,
> as for protecting
> כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
> כחס kḥs
> כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
> as for sparing
> על ˁl: to, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: to, over
> idiots,
> שעממן šˁmmn: troublesome person; שעמום šˁmwm: idiot
> השמן hšmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> the oil,
> as for protecting
> כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
> כחס kḥs
> כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
> as for sparing
> על ˁl: to, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: to, over
> idiot talkers,
> בדוילא bdwylˀ: idle talk; בדולא bdwlˀ: idiot, moron, one who talks a lot
> הפתילה hptylh
> פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
> the fuse,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> [one] is guilty.
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> exempts [this],
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטר pwṭr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> exempts [this],
> in everything
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, whole
> בכלן bkln
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, whole
> in everything
> except
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> except
> of
> מן mn: of, from
> מן mn
> מן mn: of, from
> of
> [protecting] idiot talkers,
> בדוילא bdwylˀ: idle talk; בדולא bdwlˀ: idiot, moron, one who talks a lot
> הפתילה hptylh
> פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
> [sparing] the fuse,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> they
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it
> [really] create
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, create
> עושה ˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, create
> creates
> trouble.
> פעם pˁm: agitated, trouble
> פחם pḥm
> פחם pḥm: coal
> coal [when it’s extinguished??].

> Shabbat 2:5.b

### Aristocrats can be killed in hoaxed wars if they aren’t careful.

#### Shabbat 2:6.a

> Encrypted: For three transgressions can rulers die during hoaxes: It is for not being cautious when wandering about, and getting slain, and kindling the anger of the servants.

> Official: For three transgressions can women die during childbirth: It is for not being cautious in menstruation, and with making cakes, and in kindling the lamp on Sabbath.

> For
> על ˁl: on, for
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, for
> For
> three
> שלש šlš: three
> שלש šlš
> שלש šlš: three
> three
> transgressions
> עבר ˁbr: violate, transgress
> עברות ˁbrwt
> עבר ˁbr: violate, transgress
> transgressions
> [can] rulers
> נשאים nšˀym: princes, rulers
> נשים nšym
> נשים nšym: women
> [can] women
> die
> מות mwt: die, death
> מתות mtwt
> מות mwt: die, death
> die
> during
> בשעת bšˁt: during
> בשעת bšˁt
> בשעת bšˁt: during
> during
> hoaxes:
> עלדיתא ˁldytˀ: guile, cunning, deception, hoax
> לדתן ldtn
> ילדתא yldtˀ: woman in childbirth
> childbirth:
> [It is] for
> על ˁl: on, for
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, for
> [It is] for
> not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינן šˀynn
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> not
> being cautious
> זהיר zhyr: cautious, attentive
> זהירות zhyrwt
> זהיר zhyr: cautious, attentive
> being cautious
> when wandering about,
> ב־ b-: in; נוד nwd: wander about
> בנדה bndh
> ב־ b-: in; נדה ndh: menstruation
> in menstruation,
> and [getting] slain,
> ב־ b-: in; חלל ḥll: beheaded, slain
> ובחלה wbḥlh
> ב־ b-: with; חלה ḥlh: cake, loaf
> and with [making] cakes [???],
> and kindling
> ב־ b-: in; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> ובהדלקת wbhdlqt
> ב־ b-: in; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> and in kindling
> [the anger] of the servants.
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> the lamp [on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 2:6.a

#### Shabbat 2:7.a

> Encrypted: There are three things that needs a man to say ask oneself in the middle among the multitudes before a war about the people who are poor subjects: Have you stirred them up? Have you confounded them? If so, one can kindle the servants for war.

> Official: There are three things that needs a man to say in the middle of his house on the evening to the Sabbath to the relatives when it is getting dark: Have you tithed the tithes? Have you pledged the pledges? If so, one can kindle the lamp for Sabbath.

> [There are] three
> שלש šlš: three
> שלשה šlšh
> שלש šlš: three
> [There are] three
> things
> דבר dbr: thing
> דברים dbrym
> דבר dbr: thing
> things
> [that] needs
> צרך ṣrk: need, require
> צריך ṣryk
> צרך ṣrk: need, require
> [that] needs
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man
> a man
> to say [ask oneself]
> ל־ l-: to; אמר ˀmr: say
> לומר lwmr
> ל־ l-: to; אמר ˀmr: say
> to say
> in the middle
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> בתוך btwk
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> in the middle
> among
> בית byt: between, among
> ביתו bytw
> בית byt: house
> of his house
> the multitudes
> ערב ˁrb: mixed multitude
> ערב ˁrb
> ערב ˁrb: evening
> [on] the evening
> [before] a war
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> [to] the Sabbath
> [about] the people
> עם ˁm: crowd, people
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: kinsman, relative
> [to] the relatives
> who are poor [subjects]:
> חשוך ḥšwk: dark, reduced, poor
> חשכה ḥškh
> חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
> [when it is getting] dark:
> Have you stirred them up?
> סער sˁr: rage, stir up, excited, troubled; ־ם -m: them
> עשרתם ˁšrtm
> עשר ˁšr: tithe; ־ם -m: them
> Have you tithed [the tithes]?
> Have you confounded them?
> ערבב ˁrbb: mix up, confound, disturb
> ערבתם ˁrbtm
> ערב ˁrb: vouch, pledge; ־ם -m: them
> Have you pledged [the pledges]?
> [If so, one can] kindle
> דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> הדליקו hdlyqw
> דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> [If so, one can] kindle
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the servants [for war].
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> the lamp [for Sabbath].

> Shabbat 2:7.a

### If there’s doubt as to safety, one mustn’t stir the masses in one’s real identity.

#### Shabbat 2:7.b

> Encrypted: If there is doubt whether they can be controlled, and there is doubt whether they can not be controlled, then one may not stir them up in one’s real identity, and one may not immerse oneself in the multitudes, and one may not personally kindle the servants for war.

> Official: If there is doubt whether it is dark and there is doubt whether it is not dark, then one may not tithe certainly not tithed fruit, and one may not immerse the ritual vessels in water, and one may not kindle the lamp for Sabbath.

> [If there is] doubt
> ספק spq: doubt
> ספק spq
> ספק spq: doubt
> [If there is] doubt
> [whether they can] be controlled,
> חסך ḥsk: save, protect, restrain, control
> חשכה ḥškh
> חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
> [whether it] is dark
> [and there is] doubt
> ספק spq: doubt
> ספק spq
> ספק spq: doubt
> [and there is] doubt
> [whether they can] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [whether it] is not
> be controlled,
> חסך ḥsk: save, protect, restrain, control
> חשכה ḥškh
> חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
> dark,
> [then one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [then one may] not
> stir [them] up
> מ־ m-: of; סער sˁr: rage, stir up, excited, troubled
> מעשרין mˁšryn
> מ־ m-: of; עשר ˁšr: tithe
> tithe
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [in one’s] real [identity,
> ודאי wdˀy: certain, real, surely
> הודאי hwdˀy
> ודאי wdˀy: certain, real, surely
> certainly [not tithed fruit],
> and [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [one may] not
> immerse [oneself]
> מ־ m-: of; טבילה ṭbylh: dipping, immersion
> מטבילין mṭbylyn
> מ־ m-: of; טבילה ṭbylh: dipping, immersion
> immerse
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [in] the multitudes,
> קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> the [ritual] vessels [in water],
> and [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [one may] not
> [personally] kindle
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> מדליקין mdlyqyn
> מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindle
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the servants [for war].
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנרות hnrwt
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> the lamp [for Sabbath].

> Shabbat 2:7.b

#### Shabbat 2:7.c

> Encrypted: But one may stir them up in disguise, and one may confound them in concealment as one of the crowds.

> Official: But one may tithe fruits suspected to be untithed, and one may pledge, and store away the hot water for Sabbath.

> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> [one may] stir [them] up
> סער sˁr: rage, stir up, excited, troubled
> מעשרין mˁšryn
> מ־ m-: of; עשר ˁšr: tithe
> [one may] tithe
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [in] disguise,
> דמי dmy: similar, disguise
> הדמאי hdmˀy
> דמאי dmˀy: suspicion, fruits suspected untithed
> [fruits] suspected [to be untithed],
> and [one may] confound [them]
> ערבב ˁrbb: mix up, confound, disturb
> ומערבין wmˁrbyn
> ערב ˁrb: vouch, pledge
> and [one may] pledge,
> [in] concealment
> טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
> וטומנין wṭwmnyn
> טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
> and store away
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [as one of] the crowds.
> המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, people, population
> החמין hḥmyn
> חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> the hot water [for Sabbath].

> Shabbat 2:7.c

### Harshness can be covered-up with excuses, but arrogant oppression needs a mask.

#### Shabbat 3:1.a

> Encrypted: If a lord has problems only with his harshness or with his taxes, then one may place above him a pretense like a war. But if he has problems with arrogance or with open oppression, then one may not place anything on top of that until it is cleaned up, or until one places a complete mask on him.

> Official: If a portable stove was made to burn with straw or with rakings, then one may place above it a cooking pot with food. But if it was lit with turf or with wood, then one may not place anything on top until it is sweeped, or until one places ashes on the fire to extinguish it.

> [If] a lord
> קיר qyr: lord, leader
> כירה kyrh
> כירה kyrh: portable stove
> [If] a portable stove
> has problems
> ש־ š-: make; עסק ˁsq: issue, problem, difficult, troublesome
> שהסיקוה šhsyqwh
> ש־ š-: make; אסקו ˀsqw: burning
> was made to burn
> [only] with [his] harshness
> ב־ b-: with; קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
> בקש bqš
> ב־ b-: with; קש qš: straw, stubble
> with straw
> or with [his] taxes,
> ב־ b-: with; גבי gby: collect, tax, confiscate, fine
> ובגבבא wbgbbˀ
> ב־ b-: with; גבבה gbbh: straw, stubble, rakings, rubbish
> or with rakings,
> [then one may] place
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> נותנים nwtnym
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> [then one may] place
> above him
> על ˁl: upon, above
> עליה ˁlyh
> על ˁl: upon, above
> above it
> a pretense [like a war].
> ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
> תבשיל tbšyl
> ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
> a cooking [pot with food?].
> [But if he has problems] with arrogance
> ב־ b-: with; גבהות gbhwt: pride, haughtiness
> בגפת bgpt
> ב־ b-: with; גפת gpt: peat, turf
> [But if it was lit] with turf
> or with [open] oppression,
> ב־ b-: with; עצי ˁṣy: oppression, force, rob, defraud
> ובעצים wbˁṣym
> ב־ b-: with; עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood
> or with wood,
> [then one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [then one may] not
> place [anything on top of that]
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> יתן ytn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> place [anything on top]
> until
> עד ˁd: while, until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: while, until
> until
> [it] is cleaned up,
> ש־ š-: make; גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
> שיגרף šygrp
> ש־ š-: make; גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
> [it] is sweeped,
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> until
> עד ˁd: while, until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: while, until
> until
> [one] places
> ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give, place, put
> שיתן šytn
> ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give, place, put
> [one] places
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a [complete] mask [on him].
> אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
> האפר hˀpr
> אפר ˀpr: ashes
> ashes [on the fire to extinguish it?].

> Shabbat 3:1.a

#### Shabbat 3:1.b

> Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: One can still confuse the crowds, but not with simple pretense. The school of Hillel say: One can still confuse the crowds, even with pretense.

> Official: The school of Shammai say: One may place hot water on it, but one may not cook food. The school of Hillel say: One may place hot water on it, and also cook on it.

> The school
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The school
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One can still] confuse [the crowds?],
> המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
> חמין ḥmyn
> חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> [One may place] hot water [on it],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> [with simple?] pretense.
> ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
> תבשיל tbšyl
> ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
> cook [food?].
> The school
> בית byt: house, school
> ובית wbyt
> בית byt: house, school
> The school
> of Hillel
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One can still] confuse [the crowds?],
> המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
> חמין ḥmyn
> חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> [One may place] hot water [on it],
> [even with?] pretense.
> ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
> ותבשיל wtbšyl
> ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
> [and also] cook [on it].

> Shabbat 3:1.b

#### Shabbat 3:1.c

> Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: One can remove an unpopular ruler, but one may not restore him. The school of Hillel say: One may even restore him.

> Official: The school of Shammai say: One may remove a pot on Sabbath, but one may not return it. The school of Hillel say: One may even return it.

> The school
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The school
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One can] remove [an unpopular ruler],
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נוטלין nwṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [One may] remove [a pot on Sabbath?],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> restore [him].
> חזר ḥzr: restore, return
> מחזירין mḥzyryn
> חזר ḥzr: restore, return
> return [it].
> The school
> בית byt: house, school
> ובית wbyt
> בית byt: house, school
> The school
> of Hillel
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One may] even
> אף ˀp: also, even
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: also, even
> [One may] even
> restore [him].
> חזר ḥzr: restore, return
> מחזירין mḥzyryn
> חזר ḥzr: restore, return
> return [it].

> Shabbat 3:1.c

### If the subjects are already troublesome, don’t place anyone near them.

#### Shabbat 3:2.a

> Encrypted: If the servants are already troublesome with imposed harshness or with imposed taxes, one may not place anyone among the oppressed, or at any place near them.

> Official: If an oven was made to burn with straw or with rakings, one may not place anything in the middle or on the top.

> [If] the servants
> ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
> תנור tnwr
> תנור tnwr: stove, oven
> [If] an oven
> are [already] troublesome
> ש־ š-: make; עסק ˁsq: issue, problem, difficult, troublesome
> שהסיקוהו šhsyqwhw
> ש־ š-: make; אסקו ˀsqw: burning
> was made to burn
> with [imposed] harshness
> ב־ b-: with; קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
> בקש bqš
> ב־ b-: with; קש qš: straw, stubble
> with straw
> or with [imposed] taxes,
> ב־ b-: with; גבי gby: collect, tax, confiscate, fine
> ובגבבא wbgbbˀ
> ב־ b-: with; גבבה gbbh: straw, stubble, rakings, rubbish
> or with rakings,
> [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> place [anyone]
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> יתן ytn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> place [anything]
> among
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> in
> the oppressed,
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> מתוכו mtwkw
> מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle, inside
> the middle
> [or]
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> [or]
> at
> מ־ m-: from, of; על ˁl: upon, above
> מעל mˁl
> מ־ m-: from, of; על ˁl: upon, above
> on
> [any place] near [them].
> גב gb: near, next to
> גביו gbyw
> גב gb: back, top
> the top.

> Shabbat 3:2.a

#### Shabbat 3:2.b

> Encrypted: If the oppressed are already troublesome with imposed harshness or with imposed taxes, in all aspects this is like a lord having problems with arrogance or with open oppression, in all aspects it is very visible.

> Official: If a large lamp was made to burn with straw or with rakings, in all aspects this is like a portable stove lit with turf or with wood, in all aspects it is like an oven.

> [If] the oppressed
> קפח qpḥ: oppress, overwhelm, rob; כפה kph: subdue, force, compel
> כפח kpḥ
> קפח / כפח qpḥ / kpḥ: very tall
> [If] a large [lamp???]
> are [already] troublesome
> ש־ š-: make; עסק ˁsq: issue, problem, difficult, troublesome
> שהסיקוהו šhsyqwhw
> ש־ š-: make; אסקו ˀsqw: burning
> was made to burn
> with [imposed] harshness
> ב־ b-: with; קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
> בקש bqš
> ב־ b-: with; קש qš: straw, stubble
> with straw
> or with [imposed] taxes,
> ב־ b-: with; גבי gby: collect, tax, confiscate, fine
> ובגבבא wbgbbˀ
> ב־ b-: with; גבבה gbbh: straw, stubble, rakings, rubbish
> or with rakings,
> [in all] aspects
> הרי hry: aspect, case
> הרי hry
> הרי hry: aspect, case
> [in all] aspects
> this [is]
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> this [is]
> like a lord
> כ־ k-: as, like; קיר qyr: lord, leader
> ככירים kkyrym
> כ־ k-: as, like; כירה kyrh: portable stove
> like a portable stove
> [having problems] with arrogance
> ב־ b-: with; גבהות gbhwt: pride, haughtiness
> בגפת bgpt
> ב־ b-: with; גפת gpt: peat, turf
> [lit] with turf
> or with [open] oppression,
> ב־ b-: with; עצי ˁṣy: oppression, force, rob, defraud
> ובעצים wbˁṣym
> ב־ b-: with; עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood
> or with wood,
> [in all] aspects
> הרי hry: aspect, case
> הרי hry
> הרי hry: aspect, case
> [in all] aspects
> it [is]
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it [is]
> [very] visible [?].
> כ־ k-: as, like; ת־ t-: of; נראה nrˀh: visible
> כתנור ktnwr
> כ־ k-: as, like; תנור tnwr: stove, oven
> like an oven.

> Shabbat 3:2.b

### One may not place exposed people near the subjects.

#### Shabbat 3:3.a

> Encrypted: One may not place someone who was found out at their side in full sight for the sake of revealing him. And one may not break open the arrangements. But lord Yose permits it.

> Official: One may not place an egg at the side of a vessel with hot water for the sake of rolling it to cook each side. And one may not break it into a hot kerchief to cook it. But rabbi Yose permits it.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> place
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> place
> [someone who] was found out
> בצי bṣy: strip, found out, understood
> ביצה byṣh
> ביצה byṣh: egg
> an egg
> at [their] side
> ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
> בצד bṣd
> ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
> at the side
> [in full] sight
> מחמי mḥmy: sight, appearance, vision
> המחם hmḥm
> מחם mḥm: bronze water vessel
> of a vessel [with hot water]
> for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for the sake of
> revealing [him].
> ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; גלגל glgl: revealed
> שתתגלגל šttglgl
> ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; גלגל glgl: roll, turn
> rolling it [to cook each side].
> And [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And [one may] not
> break open
> פקע pqˁ: split, break, burst, crack
> יפקיענה ypqyˁnh
> פקע pqˁ: split, break, burst, crack
> break [it]
> the arrangements.
> ב־ b-: in; סדר sdr: arrange, arrangement
> בסודרין bswdryn
> ב־ b-: in; סודר swdr: scarf, kerchief
> into a [hot?] kerchief [to cook it].
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> permits [it].
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permits [it].

> Shabbat 3:3.a

#### Shabbat 3:3.b

> Encrypted: But one may also not conceal things with a pierced leak or with someone found out among the leaders, for the sake of protecting them.

> Official: And one may also not store the egg in hot sand or in hot dust of the road for the sake of roasting it.

> But [one may also] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And [one may also] not
> conceal [things]
> טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
> יטמיננה yṭmynnh
> טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
> store [the egg?]
> with a pierced [leak]
> ב־ b-: with; חלל ḥll: split, pierce, bore, hollow
> בחל bḥl
> ב־ b-: in; חל ḥl: sand, dust
> in [hot?] sand
> or with [someone] found out
> ב־ b-: with; בקא bqˀ: search, investigate, examine, find out
> ובאבק wbˀbq
> ב־ b-: in; אבק ˀbq: dust, powder
> or in [hot?] dust
> [among] the leaders,
> דרך drk: lead
> דרכים drkym
> דרך drk: road, path, way
> of the road
> for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for the sake of
> protecting [them?].
> ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; אצל ˀṣl: protect, spare, lay aside
> שתצלה štṣlh
> ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; צלה ṣlh: roast
> roasting [it].

> Shabbat 3:3.b

### There were incidents, so don’t overdo it like you would during peace.

#### Shabbat 3:4.a

> Encrypted: There was an incident which did common men that were angry: They uncovered despised people of the secret agents in the middle of the people of the crowds and roughed them up.

> Official: There was a deed which did the men of Tiberias: They brought a pipe for cold water through the middle of a river of a spring of hot water so they’d have hot water on Sabbath.

> [There was] an incident
> מעשה mˁšh: event, incident
> מעשה mˁšh
> מעשה mˁšh: deed, act
> [There was] a deed
> which did
> ש־ š-: which; עשה ˁšh: do, act, make
> שעשו šˁšw
> ש־ š-: which; עשה ˁšh: do, act, make
> which did
> [common?] men
> אנש ˀnš: man
> אנשי ˀnšy
> אנש ˀnš: man
> the men
> that were angry:
> עבר / התעבר ˁbr / htˁbr: angry, violate
> טבריא ṭbryˀ
> טבריא ṭbryˀ: Tiberias
> of Tiberias:
> They uncovered [?]
> בעה bˁh: investigation, uncover
> והביאו whbyˀw
> בוא bwˀ: come, bring
> They brought
> despised [people?]
> סלי sly: reject, despise; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> סלון slwn
> סילון sylwn: gutter, duct, pipe, tube
> a pipe
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> for
> the secret [agents?]
> צנע ṣnˁ: secret, hidden; עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> צונן ṣwnn
> צנון ṣnwn: cold
> cold [water]
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> through the middle
> of the people
> אמה ˀmh: clan, tribe, people
> אמה ˀmh
> אמה ˀmh: river-arm, canal
> of a river [of a spring?]
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the crowds [and roughed them up?].
> המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
> חמין ḥmyn
> חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> hot water [so they’d have hot water on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 3:4.a

#### Shabbat 3:4.b

> Encrypted: But said to them the advisors: When stirred up for a war, then they are like multitudes angered in a war, and it is forbidden to trust them or to further entice them.

> Official: But said to them the advisors: When it passed through on Sabbath, then it is like hot water heated on Sabbath, and it is forbidden for washing and for drinking.

> [But] said
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמרו ˀmrw
> אמר ˀmr: say
> [But] said
> to them
> ל־ l-: to; הן hn: they
> להן lhn
> ל־ l-: to; הן hn: they
> to them
> the advisors:
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> חכמים ḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> the advisors:
> When [stirred up?]
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> When [it passed through]
> for a war,
> ב־ b-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> [then they are] like multitudes
> כ־ k-: as, like; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
> כחמין kḥmyn
> כ־ k-: as, like; חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> [then it is] like hot water
> angered
> ש־ š-: make; חמה ḥmh: anger, rage, fury
> שהוחמו šhwḥmw
> ש־ š-: make; חם ḥm: warm, hot
> heated
> in a war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> [and it] is forbidden
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> אסורין ˀswryn
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> [and it] is forbidden
> to trust [them]
> ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: lean on, rely, trust, safe
> ברחיצה brḥyṣh
> ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
> for washing
> or to [further] entice [them].
> ב־ b-: for; סות swt: instigate, entice
> ובשתיה wbštyh
> ב־ b-: for; שתי šty: drink
> and for drinking.

> Shabbat 3:4.b

#### Shabbat 3:4.c

> Encrypted: But when stirred up in times that are pleasant & peaceful, they are like multitudes angered in times that are pleasant & peaceful, and it is forbidden to trust them, but permitted to further entice them.

> Official: But if it passed through on a day joyful of a festival, it is like hot water heated on a day joyful of a festival, and it is forbidden for washing, but permitted for drinking.

> [But when stirred up?] in times
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> [But if it passed through] on a day
> [that are] pleasant [& peaceful],
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival],
> [they are] like multitudes
> כ־ k-: as, like; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
> כחמין kḥmyn
> כ־ k-: as, like; חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> [it is] like hot water
> angered
> ש־ š-: make; חמה ḥmh: anger, rage, fury
> שהוחמו šhwḥmw
> ש־ š-: make; חם ḥm: warm, hot
> heated
> in times
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> on a day
> [that are] pleasant [& peaceful],
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival],
> [and it] is forbidden
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> אסורין ˀswryn
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> [and it] is forbidden
> to trust [them],
> ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: lean on, rely, trust, safe
> ברחיצה brḥyṣh
> ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
> for washing,
> but permitted
> נתר ntr: free, permit
> ומתרין wmtryn
> נתר ntr: free, permit
> but permitted
> to [further] entice [them].
> ב־ b-: for; סות swt: instigate, entice
> בשתיה bštyh
> ב־ b-: for; שתי šty: drink
> for drinking.

> Shabbat 3:4.c

### Soldiers can be reliably stirred up for war, but not regular subjects.

#### Shabbat 3:4.d

> Encrypted: As for the lower classes, if they are soldiers, one can entice them safely for war. But as for the oppressed, even though they are also like soldiers, one may not always entice them.

> Official: As for a cauldron, if it was swept, one may drink from it safely on Sabbath. But as for an Antiochian vessel, even though it can also be swept, one may not drink from it.

> [As for] the lower [classes?],
> מ־ m-: of; לרע lrˁ: below
> מוליאר mwlyˀr
> מוליאר mwlyˀr: miliarium, cauldron
> [As for] a cauldron,
> [if they are] soldiers,
> קרב qrb: battle, soldier
> הגרוף hgrwp
> גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
> [if it] was swept,
> [one can] entice [them]
> סות swt: instigate, entice
> שותין šwtyn
> שתי šty: drink
> [one may] drink [from it]
> safely
> הימן hymn: reliable, trust
> הימנו hymnw
> הימן hymn: reliable, trust
> safely [??]
> for war.
> ב־ b-: in, for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.
> [But as for] the oppressed [?],
> נ־ n-: make; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> אנטיכי ˀnṭyky
> אנטיכי ˀnṭyky: Antiochian vessel, cooking instrument
> [But as for] an Antiochian vessel [???],
> even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> [they are also like?] soldiers,
> ש־ š-: which; קרב qrb: battle, soldier
> שגרופה šgrwph
> ש־ š-: make; גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
> [it can also] be swept,
> [one may] not [always]
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one may] not
> entice
> סות swt: instigate, entice
> שותין šwtyn
> שתי šty: drink
> drink
> [them?].
> מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
> ממנה mmnh
> מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
> from [it].

> Shabbat 3:4.d

### Do not place agents with guards to make them angry, just to temper them.

#### Shabbat 3:5.a

> Encrypted: As for fortification garrisons which are at leisure not at war, one may not place in their middle secret agents for the sake of making them angry. But one may place them into their middle or into the middle of a covered operation, when it’s just to temper them.

> Official: As for a vessel that was emptied but is still warm, one may not place in its middle cold water for the sake of heating it. But one may place it into its middle or into the middle of a cup, when it’s just to make it tepid but not hot.

> [As for] fortification [garrisons?]
> מ־ m-: of; חומה ḥwmh: surround, protect, wall, fortification
> המחם hmḥm
> מחם mḥm: bronze water vessel
> [As for] a vessel
> which are at leisure [not at war?],
> ש־ š-: which; פנאי pnˀy: vacancy, spare time, leisure
> שפנהו špnhw
> ש־ š-: which; פני pny: turn, free, empty
> that was emptied [but is still warm?],
> [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> place
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> יתן ytn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> place
> in [their] middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוכו ltwkw
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> in [its] middle
> secret [agents?]
> צנע ṣnˁ: guarded, secret, hidden
> צונן ṣwnn
> צנון ṣnwn: cold
> cold [water]
> for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for the sake of
> making [them] angry.
> ש־ š-: make; חמה ḥmh: anger, rage, fury
> שיחמו šyḥmw
> ש־ š-: make; חם ḥm: warm, hot
> heating [it].
> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> [one may] place
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> [one may] place
> them
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it
> into [their] middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוכו ltwkw
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into [its] middle
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> into the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of a covered [operation?],
> כסוי kswy: cover, clothing, veil
> הכוס hkws
> כוס kws: cup
> of a cup,
> when [it’s just]
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when [it’s just]
> to temper [them].
> ל־ l-: to; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
> להפשירן lhpšyrn
> ל־ l-: to; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
> to make [it] tepid [but not hot].

> Shabbat 3:5.a

### Do not place agents with armed warriors in violent contexts.

#### Shabbat 3:5.b

> Encrypted: As for armed warriors, or guards that were made angry with excitement, one may not place into their middle confusion agents, but one may place them into the middle of a covered operation or into the middle of a surprise operation.

> Official: As for a stew-pot, or a pot that was removed while boiling, one may not place into its middle spices, but one may place them into the middle of a dish or into the middle of a charity plate.

> [As for] armed warriors,
> לבש lbš: clothe, put on armour, armed warrior
> האלפס hˀlps
> אלפס ˀlps: lopas, pan, stew-pot
> [As for] a stew-pot,
> or guards
> גדר gdr: guarded, trained
> והקדרה whqdrh
> קדר qdr: pot
> or a pot
> that were made angry
> ש־ š-: which; עבר ˁbr: become angry, become furious
> שהעבירן šhˁbyrn
> ש־ š-: which; עבר ˁbr: take away, remove
> that was removed
> [with] excitement,
> מ־ m-: of; רתח rtḥ: excited, indignant, trouble, anger
> מרתחין mrtḥyn
> מ־ m-: of; רתח rtḥ: hot, boil over
> [while] boiling,
> [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> place
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> יתן ytn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> place
> into [their] middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוכן ltwkn
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into [its] middle
> confusion [agents?],
> תבל tbl: mixture, confusion
> תבלין tblyn
> תבל tbl: spice, season
> spices,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may] place
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> [one may] place
> them
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> them
> into the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of a covered [operation?]
> קרה qrh: cover, close
> הקערה hqˁrh
> קערה qˁrh: dish, platter
> of a dish
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> into the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of a surprise [operation?].
> תמה tmh: astonished, stun, stupid, surprise
> התמחוי htmḥwy
> תמחוי tmḥwy: charity plate, tray
> of a charity plate.

> Shabbat 3:5.b

#### Shabbat 3:5.c

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: Into all contexts can they be placed, except with things where there is in them real violence or trouble.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: Into all vessels can they be placed, except with things where there is in them vinegar or brine.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Into all [contexts]
> ל־ l-: to; כל kl: all
> לכל lkl
> ל־ l-: to; כל kl: all
> Into all [vessels]
> [can] they
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> [can] they
> be placed,
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> be placed,
> except
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> except
> [with] things
> מ־ m-: of; דבר dbr: thing
> מדבר mdbr
> מ־ m-: of; דבר dbr: thing
> [with] things
> where there is
> ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
> שיש šyš
> ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
> where there is
> in them
> בו bw: in it
> בו bw
> בו bw: in it
> in them
> [real] violence
> חמס ḥms: heated, passionate, insult, violence, rob
> חמץ ḥmṣ
> חמץ ḥmṣ: sour, vinegar
> vinegar
> or trouble.
> צער ṣˁr: trouble; צערה ṣˁrh: distress
> וציר wṣyr
> ציר ṣyr: juice, brine
> or brine.

> Shabbat 3:5.c

### Be careful when assembling commoners into troops, they’re not trained.

#### Shabbat 3:6.a

> Encrypted: One may not put into place a crowd of laymen instead of military servants to assign into it the trouble-makers. But if one places them while they are still confused, then it is permitted.

> Official: One may not place a vessel under a lamp to receive in it the oil dripping from the lamp. But if one places it while it is still day before Sabbath, then it is permitted.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> put into place
> נתן ntn: assign, appoint, designate
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> place
> a crowd [of laymen]
> קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde; קהלי qhly: layman
> כלי kly
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> a vessel
> instead of
> תחת tḥt: instead of
> תחת tḥt
> תחת tḥt: below, under
> under
> [military??] servants
> נער nˁr: boy, servant, physically able young man
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> a lamp
> to assign
> ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: accept, assign
> לקבל lqbl
> ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
> to receive
> into it
> בו bw: in it
> בו bw
> בו bw: in it
> in it
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the trouble-makers [??].
> שעממן šˁmmn: troublesome person; שעמום šˁmwm: idiot
> השמן hšmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> the oil [dripping from the lamp?].
> But if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> But if
> [one] places [them]
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> נותנו nwtnw
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> [one] places [it]
> while
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> מבעוד mbˁwd
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> while
> [they are still] confused [??],
> עועים ˁwˁym: confusion
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> [it is still] day [before Sabbath],
> then [it] is permitted.
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתר mtr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> then [it] is permitted.

> Shabbat 3:6.a

#### Shabbat 3:6.b

> Encrypted: But it is not suitable to use any from them for actual attacks, because they are not from well prepared troops.

> Official: But it is not suitable to use any from it on Sabbath, because it is not from the oil that was prepared.

> But [it is] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> But [it is] not
> suitable
> נאות nˀwt: suitable, fit, proper
> נאותין nˀwtyn
> נאות nˀwt: suitable, fit, proper
> suitable
> [to use any] from them [for actual attacks?],
> מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
> ממנו mmnw
> מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
> [to use any] from it [on Sabbath?],
> because
> לפי lpy: according to, because
> לפי lpy
> לפי lpy: according to, because
> because
> [they are] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינו šˀynw
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [it is] not
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> [well] prepared [troops].
> מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
> המוכן hmwkn
> מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
> [the oil that] was prepared.

> Shabbat 3:6.b

### For wars, use new troops, not old ones.

#### Shabbat 3:6.c

> Encrypted: As for confusing the servants for war, one should use new troops, but not old experienced ones.

> Official: As for moving a lamp on Sabbath, one may move a new lamp, but not an old one.

> [As for] confusing
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: unsteady, confuse
> מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
> [As for] moving
> the servants [for war],
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> נר nr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> a lamp [on Sabbath],
> [one should use] new [troops],
> חדש ḥdš: new
> חדש ḥdš
> חדש ḥdš: new
> [one may move] a new [lamp],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> old [experienced?] ones.
> ישן yšn: old
> ישן yšn
> ישן yšn: old
> an old one.

> Shabbat 3:6.c

#### Shabbat 3:6.d

> Encrypted: Lord Simeon says: All servants can be confused for a new war, except for servants that were kindled before for war and know actual war.

> Official: Rabbi Simeon says: All lamps may be moved even old ones, except for a lamp that was kindled on Sabbath.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> Simeon
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> All
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All
> servants
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנרות hnrwt
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> lamps
> [can] be confused [for a new war?],
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: unsteady, confuse
> מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
> [may] be moved [even old ones],
> except
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> except
> for
> מן mn: of, from
> מן mn
> מן mn: of, from
> for
> servants
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> a lamp
> that were kindled [before]
> דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> הדולק hdwlq
> דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> that was kindled
> for war [and know actual war?].
> ב־ b-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 3:6.d

### One can assemble the angriest commoners into special troops.

#### Shabbat 3:6.e

> Encrypted: One may assign a crowd of laymen instead of military servants to specially assign the angry ones to get rid of them, but one may not place in their middle important people, because they could be extinguished.

> Official: One may place a vessel under a lamp to receive blazing sparks from the lamp, but one may not place in its middle water, because it would extinguish the sparks.

> [One may] assign
> נתן ntn: assign, appoint, designate
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> [One may] place
> a crowd [of laymen]
> קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde; קהלי qhly: layman
> כלי kly
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> a vessel
> instead of
> תחת tḥt: instead of
> תחת tḥt
> תחת tḥt: below, under
> under
> [military??] servants
> נער nˁr: boy, servant, physically able young man
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> a lamp
> to [specially] assign
> ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: accept, assign
> לקבל lqbl
> ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
> to receive
> the angry [ones to get rid of them?],
> נאץ nˀṣ: angry, bold, indignant
> ניצוצות nyṣwṣwt
> נצץ nṣṣ: blossom, blaze
> blazing [sparks from the lamp],
> but [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> but [one may] not
> place
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> יתן ytn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> place
> in [their] middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
> לתוכו ltwkw
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> in [its] middle
> [important?] people,
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> they
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it
> [could] be extinguished.
> מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> מכבה mkbh
> מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> [would] extinguish [the sparks].

> Shabbat 3:6.e

## Concealing one’s motives in war

### One cannot conceal the motives of a war with mere words.

#### Shabbat 4:1.a

> Encrypted: With what may one conceal one’s motives in a war and with what may one not conceal them? One may not conceal them with these: Not with mere talk, not with mere rubbish, not with mere speech, not with mere whitewashing, not with mere foolery, whether fresh or dull.

> Official: With what may one preserve heat and with what may one not preserve heat? One may not preserve heat with these: Not with turf, not with dung, not with salt, not with plaster, not with sand, whether moist or dry.

> With what [may one]
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> במה bmh
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> With what [may one]
> conceal [one’s motives in a war]
> טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
> טומנין ṭwmnyn
> טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
> preserve [heat]
> and with what [may one]
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> ובמה wbmh
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> and with what [may one]
> not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> not
> conceal [them]?
> טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
> טומנין ṭwmnyn
> טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
> preserve [heat]?
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> conceal [them with these]:
> טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
> טומנין ṭwmnyn
> טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
> preserve [heat with these]:
> Not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Not
> with [mere] talk,
> ב־ b-: with; גבבת gbbt: loquacity, worthless talk, trash
> בגפת bgpt
> ב־ b-: with; גפת gpt: peat, turf
> with turf,
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [mere] rubbish,
> ב־ b-: with; זבל zbl: shit; זבלא zblˀ: rubbish
> בזבל bzbl
> ב־ b-: with; זבל zbl: dung, manure
> with dung,
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [mere] speech,
> ב־ b-: with; מלה mlh: word, speech
> במלח bmlḥ
> ב־ b-: with; מלח mlḥ: salt
> with salt,
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [mere] whitewashing,
> ב־ b-: with; סידא sydˀ: plaster, whitewash
> בסיד bsyd
> ב־ b-: with; סידא sydˀ: plaster
> with plaster,
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [mere] foolery,
> ב־ b-: with; הלל hll: fool, foolish
> בחל bḥl
> ב־ b-: with; חל ḥl: sand
> with sand,
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> fresh
> לח lḥ: fresh, new
> לחים lḥym
> לח lḥ: moist
> moist
> or
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> dull.
> יבש ybš: dry, boring, dull
> יבשים ybšym
> יבש ybš: dry
> dry.

> Shabbat 4:1.a

### One can conceal the motives of a war only with very robust mockery.

#### Shabbat 4:1.b

> Encrypted: Also not with mere pretense, not with mere presentations, not with mere mockery, not with mere forgery, even in a time when it is fresh. But one can conceal one’s motives in a war with them when they are really irrefutable.

> Official: Also not with straw, not with the pomace of grapes, not with hackled wool, not with grass in a time when it is moist. But one may preserve heat with them when they are dry.

> [Also] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [Also] not
> with [mere] pretense,
> ב־ b-: with; תבען tbˁn: clamorer, pretender
> בתבן btbn
> ב־ b-: with; תבן tbn: stubble, straw
> with straw,
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [mere] presentations,
> ב־ b-: with; יצג yṣg: present, represent
> בזגים bzgym
> ב־ b-: with; זג zg: pomace of grapes
> with the pomace of grapes [???],
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [mere] mockery,
> ב־ b-: with; מוק mwq: soft, sneer, mock
> במוכים bmwkym
> ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: hackled wool, soft substance
> with hackled wool [???],
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [mere] forgery,
> ב־ b-: with; זיף zyp: forgery, counterfeit
> בעשבים bˁšbym
> ב־ b-: with; עשב ˁšb: herb, grass
> with grass
> [even] in a time
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> בזמן bzmn
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> in a time
> when it
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> שהן šhn
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> when it
> is fresh.
> לח lḥ: fresh, new
> לחים lḥym
> לח lḥ: moist
> is moist.
> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> [one can] conceal [one’s motives in a war]
> טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
> טומנין ṭwmnyn
> טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
> [one may] preserve [heat]
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> when they
> כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> כשהן kšhn
> כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> when they
> are [really] irrefutable.
> יצב yṣb: validate, certain; יציב yṣyb: irrefutable, well-established
> יבשין ybšyn
> יבש ybš: dry
> are dry.

> Shabbat 4:1.b

### One needs secret agents & hoaxes, either subtle or huge.

#### Shabbat 4:1.c

> Encrypted: One can conceal one’s motives in a war with a cover-up, and with a mask, and with the cover of a hoax, and with the secrecy of secret agents, and with a stirring of the ordinary folk that is subtle.

> Official: One may preserve heat with cloth, with produce, with the wings of a dove, with the sawdust of a carpenter, and with shaken-off chaff of flax that is fine.

> [One can] conceal [one’s motives in a war]
> טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
> טומנין ṭwmnyn
> טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
> [One may] preserve [heat]
> with a cover-up,
> ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: secretly, conceal, cover, hide
> בכסות bkswt
> ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: clothe oneself
> with cloth,
> and with a mask,
> ב־ b-: with; אפר ˀpr: bandage, cover, mask
> ובפרות wbprwt
> ב־ b-: with; פרי pry: fruit, produce
> with produce,
> and with the cover
> ב־ b-: with; כנף knp: cover, hidden
> בכנפי bknpy
> ב־ b-: with; כנף knp: wing
> with the wings [??]
> of a hoax,
> אונאה ˀwnˀh: deception, fraudulent representation, hoax
> יונה ywnh
> יונה ywnh: dove
> of a dove [???],
> and with the secrecy
> ב־ b-: with; נצר nṣr: watch, guard, keep secret
> ובנסרת wbnsrt
> ב־ b-: with; נסר nsr: saw
> with the sawdust
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> secret [agents],
> חרש ḥrš: silent, silently, secretly
> חרשים ḥršym
> חרש ḥrš: artisan, carpenter
> a carpenter,
> and with a stirring
> ב־ b-: with; נער nˁr: shake, stir
> ובנערת wbnˁrt
> ב־ b-: with; נער nˁr: shake off
> and with shaken-off [chaff]
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the ordinary [folk]
> פשוט pšwṭ: simple, ordinary, usual
> פשתן pštn
> פשתה pšth: flax, linen
> flax
> that is subtle.
> דקדוק dqdwq: subtlety, fine point
> דקה dqh
> דק dq: thin, fine
> that is fine.

> Shabbat 4:1.c

#### Shabbat 4:1.d

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah prohibits it with too subtle hoaxes, but permits it with huge ones.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah prohibits it with fine chaff, but permits it with coarse chaff.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> prohibits [it]
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אוסר ˀwsr
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> prohibits [it]
> with [too] subtle [hoaxes],
> ב־ b-: with; דקדוק dqdwq: subtlety, fine point
> בדקה bdqh
> ב־ b-: with; דק dq: thin, fine
> with fine [chaff],
> but permits [it]
> נתר ntr: free, permit
> ומתיר wmtyr
> נתר ntr: free, permit
> but permits [it]
> with huge [ones].
> ב־ b-: with; גס gs: huge, large
> בגסה bgsh
> ב־ b-: with; גס gs: coarse
> with coarse [chaff].

> Shabbat 4:1.d

### One can let loose troops or marauders, though they are hard to remove.

#### Shabbat 4:2.a

> Encrypted: One can conceal one’s motives in a war with secretly dispatched troops, and can easily remove them. Also with marauders that are let loose, but one can not easily remove them.

> Official: One may preserve heat with animal skins, and may even move them. Also with fleeces of wool, but one may not move them.

> [One can] conceal [one’s motives in a war]
> טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
> טומנין ṭwmnyn
> טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
> [One may] preserve [heat]
> with [secretly?] dispatched [troops],
> ב־ b-: with; שלח šlḥ: send off, dispatch; שלוח šlwḥ: messenger
> בשלחין bšlḥyn
> ב־ b-: with; שלח šlḥ: hide, skin
> with [animal] skins,
> and [can easily] remove
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
> ומטלטלין wmṭlṭlyn
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
> and [may even] move
> them.
> אות ˀwt: this one
> אותן ˀwtn
> אות ˀwt: this one
> them.
> [Also] with marauders
> ב־ b-: with; גיסא gysˀ: troop, robber, marauder, looter
> בגזי bgzy
> ב־ b-: with; גז gz: shorn wool, fleece
> [Also] with fleeces
> that are let loose,
> שמר šmr: let loose
> צמר ṣmr
> צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
> of wool,
> but [one can] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> but [one may] not
> [easily] remove
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
> מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
> move
> them.
> אות ˀwt: this one
> אותן ˀwtn
> אות ˀwt: this one
> them.

> Shabbat 4:2.a

#### Shabbat 4:2.b

> Encrypted: Then how does one act? One removes their protection, and they will fall by themselves.

> Official: Then how does one act? One removes the cover of the vessel, and they will fall down by themselves.

> [Then] how
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> כיצד kyṣd
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> [Then] how
> [does] one
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> [does] one
> act?
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עושה ˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> act?
> [One] removes
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נוטל nwṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [One] removes
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [their] protection,
> כסי ksy: protect, protected
> הכסוי hkswy
> כסי ksy: cover
> the cover [of the vessel],
> and they
> הן hn: they
> והן whn
> הן hn: they
> and they
> [will] fall [by themselves].
> נפל npl: fell, defeat
> נופלות nwplwt
> נפל npl: fall
> [will] fall down [by themselves].

> Shabbat 4:2.b

#### Shabbat 4:2.c

> Encrypted: Lord Eleazar ben Azariah says: The subduing of the marauders must also happen upon an arranged removal, lest they would be removed completely and one would not be able to restore them as needed. And the advisors say: One can always remove them and restore them.

> Official: Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah says: The basket must be tilted downwards on the side to remove the cover, lest the wool would be removed too, and one would not be able to return it. And the advisors say: One may remove it and return it.

> Lord
> רבי rby: rabbi
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eleazar ben Azariah
> אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
> אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh
> אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
> Eleazar ben Azariah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> The subduing of [the marauders]
> כפה kph: subdue, force, compel
> קפה qph
> קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
> The basket [?]
> [must also] happen [?]
> מטה mṭh: reach, arrive at, happen to
> מטה mṭh
> מטה mṭh: downward, down
> [must be tilted?] downwards
> upon
> על ˁl: on, upon
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, upon
> on
> an arranged
> צדד ṣdd: side with, move aside, arrange
> צדה ṣdh
> צד ṣd: side, border
> the side
> removal,
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> ונוטל wnwṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> to remove [the cover],
> lest
> שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
> שמא šmˀ
> שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
> lest
> [they would] be removed [completely]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> יטל yṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [the wool would] be removed [too],
> and [one would] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואינו wˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [one would] not
> be able
> יכל ykl: can, able
> יכל ykl
> יכל ykl: can, able
> be able
> to restore [them as needed].
> ל־ l-: to; חזר ḥzr: go back, return, restore
> להחזיר lhḥzyr
> ל־ l-: to; חזר ḥzr: go back, return, restore
> to return [it].
> And the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One can always] remove [them]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נוטל nwṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [One may] remove [it]
> and restore [them].
> מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: go back, return, restore
> ומחזיר wmḥzyr
> מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: go back, return, restore
> and return [it].

> Shabbat 4:2.c

### One should conceal the truth before a war, but can still fool the subjects later.

#### Shabbat 4:2.d

> Encrypted: If one did not conceal the truth while it is time before a war, then one can not easily conceal it starting from after times get darker. But if one concealed the truth in time and it was uncovered, then one is permitted to conceal it again. One can always speak to the common populace and exchange it for other things instead of actual occurrences or instead of the truth.

> Official: If one did not cover a vessel while it is day before Sabbath, then one may not cover it starting from after it gets dark. But if one covered the vessel in time and uncovered it, then one is permitted to cover it again on Sabbath. One may also fill a jug and place it below a pillow or below a cushion.

> [If one did?] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [If one did?] not
> conceal [the truth]
> כסה ksh: hide, conceal
> כסהו kshw
> כסה ksh: cover
> cover [a vessel]
> while
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> מבעוד mbˁwd
> מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
> while
> [it is] time [before a war],
> יום ywm: time
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> [it is] day [before Sabbath],
> [then one can] not [easily]
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [then one may] not
> conceal [it]
> כסה ksh: hide, conceal
> יכסנו yksnw
> כסה ksh: cover
> cover [it]
> [starting] from [after times get] darker.
> מ־ m-: from; ש־ š-: make; חשך ḥšk: darken, obscure
> משתחשך mštḥšk
> מ־ m-: from; ש־ š-: make; חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
> [starting] from [after it gets] dark.
> [But if one] concealed [the truth in time?]
> כסה ksh: hide, conceal
> כסהו kshw
> כסה ksh: cover
> [But if one] covered [the vessel in time?]
> and [it] was uncovered,
> נ־ n-: make; גלה glh: reveal, expose
> ונתגלה wntglh
> נ־ n-: make; גלה glh: uncover
> and uncovered [it],
> [then one] is permitted
> נתר ntr: free, permit
> מתר mtr
> נתר ntr: free, permit
> [then one] is permitted
> to conceal [it again].
> ל־ l-: to; כסה ksh: hide, conceal
> לכסותו lkswtw
> ל־ l-: to; כסה ksh: cover
> to cover [it again on Sabbath].
> [One can always] speak
> מ־ m-: of; מללא mllˀ: word, speech
> ממלא mmlˀ
> מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: fill
> [One may also] fill
> to
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the common populace
> קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> הקיתון hqytwn
> קיתון qytwn: kothon, jug, cup
> a jug
> and exchange [it for other things]
> נתן ntn: show, display, exchange for
> ונותן wnwtn
> נתן ntn: give, place, put
> and place [it]
> instead of
> ל־ l-: to; תחת tḥt: instead of, in place of
> לתחת ltḥt
> ל־ l-: to; תחת tḥt: below, under
> below
> [actual] occurrences
> קרה qrh: occur, happen
> הכר hkr
> כר kr: pillow
> a pillow
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> instead of
> תחת tḥt: instead of, in place of
> תחת tḥt
> תחת tḥt: below, under
> below
> the truth.
> קשט qšṭ: correct, true, truth
> הכסת hkst
> כסת kst: pillow, cushion
> a cushion.

> Shabbat 4:2.d

## Placing nobles with the right troops

### In war, rulers must be surrounded by softies, gay playmates and sycophants.

#### Shabbat 5:1.a

> Encrypted: With which servants should a ruler personally go out, and with which should one not personally go out for war? A ruler may personally go out with kind people with a good temper, and innocent people with restraint, and homosexual pathics with a well bridled attitude, and flatterers with sycophantic attitude.

> Official: With which animals may one go out, and with which may one not go out on Sabbath? One may go out with a camel with a halter, and a female camel with a muzzle, and a Lybian ass with a bridle, and a horse with a chain.

> With which
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> במה bmh
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> With which
> servants
> בהם bhm: dumb, servants
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> animals
> [should a ruler personally] go out,
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יוצאה ywṣˀh
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> [may one] go out,
> and with which
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> ובמה wbmh
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> and with which
> [should one] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינה ˀynh
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [may one] not
> [personally] go out [for war]?
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יוצאה ywṣˀh
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> go out [on Sabbath]?
> [A ruler may personally] go out with
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יוצא ywṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> [One may] go out with
> kind [people]
> גמל gml: do good, be kind
> הגמל hgml
> גמל gml: camel
> a camel
> with a [good] temper,
> ב־ b-: with; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
> באפסר bˀpsr
> ב־ b-: with; אפסר ˀpsr: halter, tether
> with a halter,
> and innocent [people]
> נקה nqh: clean, innocent
> ונאקה wnˀqh
> נאקה nˀqh: female camel
> and a female camel [?]
> with restraint,
> ב־ b-: with; חטם ḥṭm: hold, restrain
> בחטם bḥṭm
> ב־ b-: with; חטם ḥṭm: muzzle
> with a muzzle,
> and homosexual pathics
> ל־ l-: belonging to; פהדיקא phdyqˀ: pathic, homosexual
> ולבדקיס wlbdqys
> לבדקין lbdqyn: Libyan asses
> and a Lybian ass [???]
> with a [well] bridled [attitude],
> ב־ b-: with; פרומביא prwmbyˀ: phorbeia, halter, bridle
> בפרמביא bprmbyˀ
> ב־ b-: with; פרומביא prwmbyˀ: phorbeia, halter, bridle
> with a bridle,
> and flatterers
> סוסי swsy: fondle, flatter; שוש šwš: flatter; שויש šwyš: flattery
> וסוס wsws
> סוס sws: horse
> and a horse
> with sycophantic [attitude].
> ב־ b-: with; שירו šyrw: flatterer, sycophant
> בשיר bšyr
> ב־ b-: with; שיר šyr: chain
> with a chain.

> Shabbat 5:1.a

### Sexually promiscuous troops can be easily controlled and enjoyed.

#### Shabbat 5:1.b

> Encrypted: And generally all people with on them sexual promiscuity may go out with the ruler with their promiscuous attitude and can be seduced with their promiscuity. And one can even use seduction on them and immerse oneself in their bodies.

> Official: And generally all animals with on them a chain may go out with the chain and can be pulled with the chain. And one may also sprinkle holy water on them the chains and immerse them in holy water in the animal’s place.

> And [generally] all [people]
> כל kl: all
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all
> And [generally] all [animals]
> with on [them]
> ב־ b-: with; על ˁl: on, upon
> בעלי bˁly
> ב־ b-: with; על ˁl: on, upon
> with on [them]
> sexual promiscuity [??]
> שרי šry: free, unrestrained, loosened; שריא šryˀ: sexually promiscuous
> השיר hšyr
> שיר šyr: chain
> a chain
> [may] go out [with the ruler]
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יוצאים ywṣˀym
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> [may] go out
> with [their] promiscuous [attitude]
> ב־ b-: with; שרי šry: free, unrestrained, loosened; שריא šryˀ: sexually promiscuous
> בשיר bšyr
> ב־ b-: with; שיר šyr: chain
> with the chain
> and [can] be seduced
> נ־ n-: make; משך mšk: attract, carried away, seduced; ממשך mmšk: bait
> ונמשכים wnmškym
> נ־ n-: make; משך mšk: draw, pull
> and [can] be pulled
> with [their] promiscuity [??].
> ב־ b-: with; שרי šry: free, unrestrained, loosened; שריא šryˀ: sexually promiscuous
> בשיר bšyr
> ב־ b-: with; שיר šyr: chain
> with the chain.
> And [one can even use] seduction [??]
> מ־ m-: of; נזא nzˀ: coquetry, flirting, seduction
> ומזין wmzyn
> מ־ m-: of; נזי nzy: sprinkle
> And [one may also] sprinkle [holy water?]
> on them
> על ˁl: on, upon; הן hn: they
> עליהן ˁlyhn
> על ˁl: on, upon; הן hn: they
> on them [the chains?]
> and immerse [oneself??]
> טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> וטובלין wṭwblyn
> טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> and immerse [them in holy water?]
> in [their] bodies [??].
> ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; קומה qwmh: stature, body
> במקומן bmqwmn
> ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; קום qwm: place
> in [the animal’s?] place.

> Shabbat 5:1.b

### All dangerous soldiers must be securely bound to the mockery.

#### Shabbat 5:2.a

> Encrypted: An important person may only go out for war with very obedient personnel, in preparation it must be bound to him. The too masculine ones may only go out with him securely tied, common footsoldiers may only go out with him separated off, securely bound and fastened. The insolent ones may only go out with him securely bound.

> Official: A donkey may only go out with a wrapper, in preparation it must be bound to it the donkey. Rams may only go out securely tied, ewes may go out uncovered, securely bound or fastened. Goats may only go out securely bound.

> An important [person]
> חמור ḥmwr: heavy, weighty, important
> חמור ḥmwr
> חמור ḥmwr: donkey
> A donkey
> [may only] go out [for war]
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יוצא ywṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> [may only] go out
> with [very] obedient [personnel],
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדע rdˁ: obey, restrain oneself; רדי rdy: subjugate
> במרדעת bmrdˁt
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדיד rdyd: large veil, wide wrapper
> with a wrapper [???],
> in preparation
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: prepare, arrange
> בזמן bzmn
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: prepare, arrange
> in preparation
> it
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
> שהיא šhyˀ
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
> it
> [must] be bound
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> קשורה qšwrh
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> [must] be bound
> to him.
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to it [the donkey].
> The [too] masculine [ones?]
> זכר zkr: male, masculine
> זכרים zkrym
> זכר zkr: ram
> Rams
> [may only] go out [with him]
> יצא yṣˀ: appear, present, be identified
> יוצאין ywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> [may only] go out
> [securely] tied,
> לבב lbb: join closely, tie, tied around
> לבובין lbwbyn
> לבב lbb: join closely, tie, tied around
> [securely] tied,
> [common] footsoldiers
> רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
> רחלות rḥlwt
> רחל rḥl: ewe
> ewes
> [may only] go out [with him]
> יצא yṣˀ: appear, present, be identified
> יוצאות ywṣˀwt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> [may] go out
> separated off [??],
> שחץ šḥṣ: divide off, separate
> שחוזות šḥwzwt
> שחז šḥz: expose to sight, uncover
> uncovered [?],
> [securely] bound
> כבל kbl: bound, tied, chained
> כבולות kbwlwt
> כבל kbl: bound, tied, chained
> [securely] bound
> and fastened.
> כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
> וכבונות wkbwnwt
> כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
> or fastened.
> The insolent [ones]
> עז ˁz: strong, rough, insolent
> העזים hˁzym
> עז ˁz: goat
> Goats
> [may only] go out [with him]
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יוצאות ywṣˀwt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> [may only] go out
> [securely] bound.
> צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
> צרורות ṣrwrwt
> צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
> [securely] bound.

> Shabbat 5:2.a

#### Shabbat 5:2.b

> Encrypted: Rabbi Yose prohibits going out with all, except with common footsoldiers that are securely fastened. Lord Yehudah says: Insolent soldiers may only go out securely bound to the confounding, but they must not pierce through it.

> Official: Rabbi Yose prohibits going out with all, except with ewes that are securely fastened. Rabbi Yehudah says: Goats may only go out securely bound to have dry udders, but they may not have milk.

> Rabbi
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> prohibits [going out]
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אוסר ˀwsr
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> prohibits [going out]
> with all,
> ב־ b-: with; כלן kln: all
> בכלן bkln
> ב־ b-: with; כלן kln: all
> with all,
> except
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> except
> [with]
> מן mn: from, of
> מן mn
> מן mn: from, of
> [with]
> [common] footsoldiers
> רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
> הרחלין hrḥlyn
> רחל rḥl: ewe
> ewes
> [that are securely] fastened.
> כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
> הכבונות hkbwnwt
> כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
> [that are securely] fastened.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Insolent [soldiers]
> עז ˁz: strong, rough, insolent
> עזים ˁzym
> עז ˁz: goat
> Goats
> [may only] go out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יוצאות ywṣˀwt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> [may only] go out
> [securely] bound
> צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
> צרורות ṣrwrwt
> צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
> [securely] bound
> to the confounding,
> בוש / יבוש bwš / ybwš: insult, shame, confound; בסיא bsyˀ: mock
> ליבש lybš
> ל־ l-: to; יבש ybš: dry; יבוש ybwš: drying
> to [have] dry [udders???],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [they must] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [they may] not
> pierce [through it].
> ל־ l-: to; חלף ḥlp: pierce, peel
> לחלב lḥlb
> ל־ l-: to; חלב ḥlb: milk
> [have] milk [???].

> Shabbat 5:2.b

### One mustn’t include trained & experienced troops in the mock performances.

#### Shabbat 5:3.a

> Encrypted: And with what may one not go out for war? One may not go out with fully developed soldiers for the theatrical mock performances, not when they are kindled for war and not when they are too well trained & familiar with actual war. And thus with the rest of all human cattle servants.

> Official: And with what animals may one not go out? One may not go out with a camel with its cushion pad on, not when it is tied and not with its legs tied. And thus with the rest of all animals.

> And with what
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> ובמה wbmh
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> And with what [animals]
> [may one] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינה ˀynh
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [may one] not
> go out [for war]?
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יוצאה ywṣˀh
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> go out?
> [One may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [One may] not
> go out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יצא yṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> go out
> [with] fully developed [soldiers]
> גמל gml: ripen, fully developed
> גמל gml
> גמל gml: camel
> [with] a camel
> for the theatrical [mock] performances,
> ב־ b-: with; מתולותא mtwlwtˀ: performance, theatrical play
> במטוטלת bmṭwṭlt
> ב־ b-: with; מטוטלת mṭwṭlt: pad, cushion
> with [its] cushion pad [on],
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> [when they] are kindled [for war]
> יקד yqd: kindled
> עקוד ˁqwd
> עקד ˁqd: tie, tied
> [when it] is tied
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [when they] are [too well] trained & familiar [with actual war].
> רגל rgl: trained, accustomed to, used to, familiar with
> רגול rgwl
> רגל rgl: foot, leg
> [with its] legs [tied?].
> And thus
> כן kn: thus, so
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: thus, so
> And thus
> [with] the rest
> שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
> שאר šˀr
> שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
> [with] the rest
> of all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> of all
> [human] cattle servants.
> בהם bhm: dumb, servants
> הבהמות hbhmwt
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> animals.

> Shabbat 5:3.a

### One mustn’t put too many experienced soldiers together, only the fools.

#### Shabbat 5:3.b

> Encrypted: One may not bind fully developed soldiers this one with that one, and just pull the lead soldier. But one may gather all the fools in the middle of one’s hand and pull them at the same time, on the condition that they’re not all incited.

> Official: One may not bind the camels this one with that one, and just pull the lead camel. But one may gather the ropes for all camels in the middle of one’s hand and pull them at the same time, on the condition that they’re not all twined around each other.

> [One may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [One may] not
> bind
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> יקשר yqšr
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> bind
> fully developed [soldiers]
> גמל gml: ripen, fully developed
> גמלים gmlym
> גמל gml: camel
> the camels
> this [one]
> זה zh: this, that
> זה zh
> זה zh: this, that
> this [one]
> with that [one],
> ב־ b-: with; זה zh: this, that
> בזה bzh
> ב־ b-: with; זה zh: this, that
> with that [one],
> and [just] pull [the lead soldier?].
> משך mšk: draw, pull
> וימשך wymšk
> משך mšk: draw, pull
> and [just] pull [the lead camel?].
> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> [one may] gather
> מ־ m-: of; כנס kns: gather
> מכניס mknys
> מ־ m-: of; כנס kns: gather
> [one may] gather
> [all] the fools
> הבל hbl: become vain, act foolishly
> חבלים ḥblym
> חבל ḥbl: rope, cord
> the ropes [for all camels?]
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> in the middle
> of [one’s] hand
> יד yd: hand
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand
> of [one’s] hand
> and pull [them at the same time?],
> משך mšk: draw, pull
> וימשך wymšk
> משך mšk: draw, pull
> and pull [them at the same time?],
> on the condition that
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> on the condition that
> [they’re] not [all]
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> [they’re] not [all]
> incited [?].
> גרג grg: arouse, incite
> יכרך ykrk
> כרך krk: wrap, twine around
> twined around [each other??].

> Shabbat 5:3.b

### Rulers must be careful even with obedient personnel and playmates.

#### Shabbat 5:4.a

> Encrypted: Not may an important person go out for war even with obedient personnel, at a time when they are not bound to him, and not even with common-birth sex partners, even though he can always babble nonsense to them.

> Official: Not may a donkey go out with a wrapper at a time when it is not bound to it, and not with a bell, even though it can be stopped up.

> [Not] may
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [Not] may
> an important [person]
> חמור ḥmwr: heavy, weighty, important
> חמור ḥmwr
> חמור ḥmwr: donkey
> a donkey
> go out [for war]
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> יוצא ywṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out
> go out
> [even] with obedient [personnel],
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדע rdˁ: obey, restrain oneself; רדי rdy: subjugate
> במרדעת bmrdˁt
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדיד rdyd: large veil, wide wrapper
> with a wrapper [???]
> at a time
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> בזמן bzmn
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> at a time
> when [they are] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינה šˀynh
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> when [it is] not
> bound
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> קשורה qšwrh
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> bound
> to him,
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to it,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [even] with [common-birth] sex partners,
> ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: mate, copulate, have sexual relations
> בזוג bzwg
> ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: bell
> with a bell,
> even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> he
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it
> [can always] babble nonsense [to them].
> פקק pqq: babble nonsense
> פקוק pqwq
> פקק pqq: stop up
> [can] be stopped up.

> Shabbat 5:4.a

#### Shabbat 5:4.b

> Encrypted: And not even with normally peaceful people when they have become hostile, and not even with tame people when they have become actual soldiers,

> Official: And not with a ladder which hangs on its neck, and not with a strap which is bound on its leg,

> And not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And not
> [even] with [normally] peaceful [people]
> ב־ b-: with; שלם šlm: peaceful, friendly
> בסלם bslm
> ב־ b-: with; סלם slm: ladder
> with a ladder
> when [they have become] hostile,
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: when; צור ṣwr: show hostility, treat as a foe
> שבצוארו šbṣwˀrw
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; צור ṣwr: neck
> which [hangs] on [its] neck,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [even] with tame [people]
> ב־ b-: with; רעץ rˁṣ: broken, tamed
> ברצועה brṣwˁh
> ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
> with a strap
> when [they have become actual] soldiers,
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: when; רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
> שברגלו šbrglw
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; רגל rgl: foot, leg
> which [is bound] on [its] leg,

> Shabbat 5:4.b

## Gay sex in the army

### Homosexuals must not come out with their practices among the troops.

#### Shabbat 5:4.c

> Encrypted: And not may gay people come out publicly with their flirting, and not with their love among the soldiers. And not may masculine ones come out with his lust under among the troops of them.

> Official: And not may a rooster go out with a thread, and not with a strap on its legs. And not may a fat-tailed ram go out with a cart under the fat tail of them.

> And not [may]
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> And not [may]
> gay [people]
> תרנגא trngˀ: merriment, joy, gaity
> התרנגולין htrngwlyn
> תרנגל trngl: rooster
> a rooster
> come out [publicly]
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאין ywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out
> with their flirting,
> ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
> בחוטין bḥwṭyn
> ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
> with a thread,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with [their] love
> ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
> ברצועות brṣwˁwt
> ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
> with a strap
> among the soldiers.
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
> שברגליהם šbrglyhm
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; רגל rgl: foot, leg
> on its legs.
> And not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> And not
> [may] masculine [ones]
> זכר zkr: male, masculine
> הזכרים hzkrym
> זכר zkr: ram
> [may] a [fat-tailed] ram
> come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאין ywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out
> with [his] lust
> ב־ b-: with; עגלה ˁglh: cart, carriage
> בעגלה bˁglh
> ב־ b-: with; עגלה ˁglh: cart, carriage
> with a cart [?]
> under [among]
> ש־ š-: which; תחת tḥt: below, under
> שתחת štḥt
> ש־ š-: which; תחת tḥt: below, under
> under
> the troops
> יהלא yhlˀ: band, troop, squad
> האליה hˀlyh
> אליה ˀlyh: tail, fat-tail
> the fat tail
> of them.
> של šl: belonging to, of; הן hn: they
> שלהן šlhn
> של šl: belonging to, of; הן hn: they
> of them.

> Shabbat 5:4.c

#### Shabbat 5:4.d

> Encrypted: And not may a soldier come out with sexual favors. And not may a lusty one come out with fellation. And not a sexually unrestrained one with being exposed while bending over. And not with their love among the servant troops.

> Official: And not may a ewe go out with their genitalia showing. And not may a calf go out bent by a yoke. And not a cow with the skin of a boar. And not with a strap between its horns.

> And not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> And not
> [may] a soldier
> רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
> הרחלים hrḥlym
> רחל rḥl: ewe
> [may] a ewe
> come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאות ywṣˀwt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out
> with [sexual] favors.
> חנן ḥnn: caress, favor; חן ḥn: loveliness, coquette
> חנונות ḥnwnwt
> חן ḥn: bosom, genitalia
> [with their] genitalia [showing??].
> And not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> And not
> [may] a lusty [one]
> גהיל ghyl: lusty, libidinous; גהלא ghlˀ: amorous
> העגל hˁgl
> עגל ˁgl: calf
> [may] a calf
> come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצא ywṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out
> with fellation [??].
> ב־ b-: with; גמע gmˁ: sink into, immerse, swallow, give to drink
> בגימון bgymwn
> ב־ b-: with; גום gwm: bent, joint
> bent [by a yoke?].
> And not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And not
> a [sexually] unrestrained [one]
> פרע prˁ: loosen, unrestrained, make naked
> פרה prh
> פרה prh: cow
> a cow
> with being exposed
> ב־ b-: with; עור ˁwr: bared, exposed
> בעור bˁwr
> ב־ b-: with; עור ˁwr: skin, hide
> with the skin
> [while] bending over [???].
> כפר kpr: rub, bend, arch over
> הקפר hqpr
> קפר qpr: boar
> of a boar [???].
> And not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And not
> with [their] love
> ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
> ברצועה brṣwˁh
> ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
> with a strap
> among
> ש־ š-: which; בין byn: among
> שבין šbyn
> ש־ š-: which; בין byn: between
> between
> the servant [troops].
> גרעון grˁwn: boy, servant
> קרניה qrnyh
> קרן qrn: horn
> its horns [?].

> Shabbat 5:4.d

#### Shabbat 5:4.e

> Encrypted: A sexually unrestrained follower of lord Eleazar ben Azariah had once been coming out with his love among the servant troops, which was not among the accepted forms of intercourse there.

> Official: A cow of rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah had once been going out with a strap between its horns, which was not in the will of the advisors.

> A [sexually] unrestrained [follower]
> פרע prˁ: loosen, unrestrained, make naked
> פרתו prtw
> פרה prh: cow
> A cow
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> lord
> רבי rby: rabbi
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Eleazar ben Azariah
> אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
> אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh
> אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
> Eleazar ben Azariah
> had [once] been
> היה hyh: be
> היתה hyth
> היה hyh: be
> had [once] been
> coming out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאה ywṣˀh
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> going out
> with [his] love
> ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
> ברצועה brṣwˁh
> ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
> with a strap
> among
> ש־ š-: which; בין byn: among
> שבין šbyn
> ש־ š-: which; בין byn: between
> between
> the servant [troops],
> גרעון grˁwn: boy, servant
> קרניה qrnyh
> קרן qrn: horn
> its horns,
> which [was] not
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> which [was] not
> among the accepted
> ב־ b-: among; רצון rṣwn: acceptance, favor
> ברצון brṣwn
> ב־ b-: in; רצון rṣwn: will, wish
> in the will
> [forms of] intercourse [there].
> חכומי ḥkwmy: coitus; חכומו ḥkwmw: carnal intercourse
> חכמים ḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> of the advisors.

> Shabbat 5:4.e

### Gay lords mustn’t seduce common soldiers, but only gay or easily abusable troops.

#### Shabbat 6:1.a

> Encrypted: With what may a lord come out in war, and with what may he not come out? Not may come out a lord with these: Not with seducing common guards, and not with seducing any ordinary soldier, and not with any love on a common-birth leader.

> Official: With what may a woman go out on Sabbath, and with what may she not go out? Not may go out a woman with these: Not with a strap of wool, and not with a strap of flax, and not with any strap on her head.

> With what
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> במה bmh
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> With what
> [may] a lord
> שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
> אשה ˀšh
> אשה ˀšh: woman
> [may] a woman
> come out [in war],
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאה ywṣˀh
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out [on Sabbath],
> and with what
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> ובמה wbmh
> ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
> and with what
> [may he] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינה ˀynh
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [may she] not
> come out?
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאה ywṣˀh
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out?
> Not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Not
> [may] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> תצא tṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [may] go out
> a lord [with these]:
> שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
> אשה ˀšh
> אשה ˀšh: woman
> a woman [with these]:
> Not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Not
> with seducing
> ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
> בחוטי bḥwṭy
> ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
> with a strap
> [common] guards,
> שמר šmr: watch, guard; שומר šwmr: watchman
> צמר ṣmr
> צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
> of wool,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with seducing
> ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
> בחוטי bḥwṭy
> ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
> with a strap
> [any] ordinary [soldier],
> פשוט pšwṭ: simple, ordinary, usual
> פשתן pštn
> פשתה pšth: flax, linen
> of flax,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with any love
> ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
> ברצועות brṣwˁwt
> ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
> with [any] strap
> on a [common-birth] leader.
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: chief, leader
> שבראשה šbrˀšh
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: head
> on her head.

> Shabbat 6:1.a

#### Shabbat 6:1.b

> Encrypted: And not may he immerse himself with them until he has thoroughly confused them. Not with knocking them up, and not with inserting in them, at a time when they are not closely joined to him. And not with intimately kneading them, in the domain public.

> Official: And not may she immerse herself with them until she makes them disappear by taking them off. Not with a forehead ornament, and not with a headdress, at a time when they are not sewn to her clothing. And not with a hair-net into the domain public.

> And not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And not
> [may he] immerse himself
> טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> תטבל tṭbl
> טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> [may she] immerse herself
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> until
> עד ˁd: while, until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: while, until
> until
> he has [thoroughly] confused them.
> ש־ š-: make; טרף ṭrp: mix, confuse; טירוף ṭyrwp: confusion, distraction, trouble
> שתרפם štrpm
> ש־ š-: make; תרף trp: disappear; ־ם -m: them
> she makes them disappear [by taking them off].
> Not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Not
> with knocking [them] up,
> ב־ b-: with; תפף tpp: join, strike, knock; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> בטטפת bṭṭpt
> ב־ b-: with; טוטפת ṭwṭpt: ornament on forehead
> with a forehead ornament,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with inserting [in them],
> ב־ b-: with; סנף snp: insert; ־ת -t: (suffix); ־ן -n: (suffix)
> בסנבוטין bsnbwṭyn
> ב־ b-: with; סנבוטין snbwṭyn: headdress
> with a headdress,
> at a time
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> בזמן bzmn
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> at a time
> when they are not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינן šˀynn
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> when they are not
> [closely] joined [to him].
> תפר tpr: sew together, join
> תפורין tpwryn
> תפר tpr: stitch, sew
> sewn [to her clothing].
> And not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And not
> with [intimately] kneading [them],
> ב־ b-: with; גבול gbwl: kneading, mixing
> בכבול bkbwl
> ב־ b-: with; כבול kbwl: hair-net
> with a hair-net
> in the domain
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> לרשות lršwt
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> into the domain
> public.
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> public.

> Shabbat 6:1.b

#### Shabbat 6:1.c

> Encrypted: And especially not with sexual stimulation of the inciting kind, and not with pressing together, and not with obscenities, and not even with desires which do not use in them the male organ, and not even with seduction which does not involve perforation of the bodily orifices.

> Official: And not with jewelry from the city of gold, and not with necklaces, and not with earrings, and not with a seal ring which does not on it a seal, and not with a hair needle which has no that is actually perforated,

> And [especially] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> And not
> with sexual stimulation
> ב־ b-: with; ערי ˁry: stir up, stimulate, excite the sexual organ by contact, intermix, come into intimate contact
> בעיר bˁyr
> ב־ b-: with; עיר ˁyr: city
> with [jewelry from??] the city
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the inciting [kind],
> זוחף zwḥp: incitement, emotion
> זהב zhb
> זהב zhb: gold
> gold [??],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with pressing together [??],
> ב־ b-: with; כותל kwtl: press together; כתלונא ktlwnˀ: entangle
> בקטלא bqṭlˀ
> ב־ b-: with; קטלא qṭlˀ: catella, necklace
> with necklaces,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with obscenities,
> נ־ n-: make; זמם zmm: filthy; זמה zmh: obscenity, libidiousness, carnality
> בנזמים bnzmym
> ב־ b-: with; נזם nzm: nose-ring, earring
> with earrings,
> and not [even]
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with desires
> ב־ b-: with; תאב tˀb: desire
> בטבעת bṭbˁt
> ב־ b-: with; טבע ṭbˁ: seal
> with a seal [ring]
> which [do] not [use]
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> which [does] not
> in [them]
> על ˁl: on, upon
> עליה ˁlyh
> על ˁl: on, upon
> on [it]
> the male organ,
> הדם hdm: limb, member, male organ
> חותם ḥwtm
> חתם ḥtm: seal
> a seal,
> and not [even]
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with seduction
> ב־ b-: with; מחטון mḥṭwn: seducer
> במחט bmḥṭ
> ב־ b-: with; מחט mḥṭ: needle, pin
> with a [hair?] needle
> which [does] not [involve]
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינה šˀynh
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> which [has] no
> perforation of the bodily orifices.
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, bodily orifice
> נקובה nqwbh
> נקב nqb: hole, perforation
> that is [actually] perforated,

> Shabbat 6:1.c

#### Shabbat 6:1.d

> Encrypted: But if he comes out with these, he is of course not guilty of any mistake.

> Official: But if he goes out with these, she is not obligated to make a sin-offering.

> But if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> But if
> he comes out [with these],
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יצאת yṣˀt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> he goes out [with these],
> [he is of course] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינה ˀynh
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [she is] not
> guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיבת ḥybt
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> obligated
> [of any] mistake.
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> [to make] a sin-offering.

> Shabbat 6:1.d

#### Shabbat 6:2.a

> Encrypted: There may also not come out a lord with his ladle standing erect, and not with brotherly love at a time when he is not with soldiers who are easily sexually abused, and not with frivolities and not with fellation at a time when they are not from the special kind, and not with sexual promiscuity, and not with adornment for sexual intercourse, and not with amorous embracing.

> Official: There may not go out a man with sandals that are studded, and not with a single sandal at a time when there is not on his foot a wound, and not with Tefillah scroll cases, and not with scrolls at a time when they are not from an expert, and not with body armor, and not with a helmet, and not with leg armor

> [There may also] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [There may] not
> come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יצא yṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out
> a lord
> איש ˀyš: husband, lord
> האיש hˀyš
> איש ˀyš: man
> a man
> with [his] ladle [??]
> ב־ b-: with; ש־ š-: that; נטלא nṭlˀ: ladle, small vessel
> בסנדל bsndl
> ב־ b-: with; סנדל sndl: sandalion, sandal
> with sandals
> standing erect [??],
> מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stand erect
> המסמר hmsmr
> מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stud with nails
> that are studded,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with brotherly [love]
> ב־ b-: with; אחותי ˀḥwty: brotherly, fraternal
> ביחיד byḥyd
> ב־ b-: with; אחד ˀḥd: one, single; אחת ˀḥt: one
> with a single [sandal]
> at a time
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> בזמן bzmn
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> at a time
> when [he is] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> when [there is] not
> with soldiers
> ב־ b-: with; רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
> ברגלו brglw
> ב־ b-: on; רגל rgl: foot
> on his foot
> who are [easily] sexually abused [??],
> מכך mkk: humiliate, rape, abuse sexually
> מכה mkh
> מכה mkh: wound
> a wound,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with frivolities
> ב־ b-: with; תפלה tplh: unseemliness, frivolity, indecency
> בתפלין btplyn
> ב־ b-: with; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
> with Tefillah [scroll cases?],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with fellation [??]
> ב־ b-: with; גמע gmˁ: sink into, immerse, swallow, give to drink
> בקמע bqmˁ
> ב־ b-: with; קמיע qmyˁ: amulet, scroll
> with scrolls
> at a time
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> בזמן bzmn
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> at a time
> when [they are] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינו šˀynw
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> when [they are] not
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> the special [kind],
> מ־ m-: of; מחה mḥh: specialized
> הממחה hmmḥh
> מ־ m-: of; מחה mḥh: expert
> an expert [??],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with sexual promiscuity,
> ב־ b-: with; שריא šryˀ: outrageous, sexually promiscuous; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> בשריון bšrywn
> ב־ b-: with; שריון šrywn: body armor, coat of mail
> with body armor,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with adornment for sexual intercourse [??],
> ב־ b-: with; קשט qšṭ: adorn with beauty, to prepare for sexual intercourse
> בקסדא bqsdˀ
> ב־ b-: with; קסדא qsdˀ: cassidis, helmet
> with a helmet,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with [amorous] embracing.
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; גוף gwp: adultery; גפף gpp: embracing, sexual acts
> במגפים bmgpym
> ב־ b-: with; מגף mgp: metal legging, high boot
> with leg armor

> Shabbat 6:2.a

#### Shabbat 6:2.b

> Encrypted: But if he comes out with these, he is of course not guilty of any mistake.

> Official: But if he goes out with these, she is not obligated to make a sin-offering.

> But if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> But if
> he comes out [with these],
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יצא yṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> he goes out [with these],
> [he is of course] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [she is] not
> guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> obligated
> [of any] mistake.
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> [to make] a sin-offering.

> Shabbat 6:2.b

### Gay lords mustn’t screw around & squirt off, lest they turn the troops into peaceful pervs.

#### Shabbat 6:3.a

> Encrypted: There may especially not come out a lord with seductions that perforate the bodily orifices, and not with practices abhorred by the troops which do have to them use of the male organ, not with the lower-class rabble, neither with receiving it from them, nor with a penetration of them of the kind with discharge. And if he comes out with these, he is guilty of a real mistake! These are the words of lord Meir. But the advisors exempt acts with receiving it from them, and also with a penetration of them of the kind with discharge.

> Official: There may also not go out a woman with a needle that is actually perforated, and not with a seal ring which does have on it a seal, and not with a cochlear pin, and not with a foot chain, and not with a flask of perfume. And if she goes out with these, she is obligated to make a sin-offering. These are the words of rabbi Meir. But the advisors exempt going out with a foot chain, and also with a flask of perfume.

> [There may especially] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [There may also] not
> come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> תצא tṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out
> a lord
> שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
> אשה ˀšh
> אשה ˀšh: woman
> a woman
> with seductions
> ב־ b-: with; מחטון mḥṭwn: seducer
> במחט bmḥṭ
> ב־ b-: with; מחט mḥṭ: needle, pin
> with a needle
> that perforate the bodily orifices,
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, bodily orifice
> הנקובה hnqwbh
> נקב nqb: hole, perforation
> that is [actually] perforated,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with [practices] abhorred [by the troops]
> ב־ b-: with; תעב tˁb: abhor, loathe
> בטבעת bṭbˁt
> ב־ b-: with; טבע ṭbˁ: seal
> with a seal [ring]
> which do have
> ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
> שיש šyš
> ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
> which does have
> to [them]
> על ˁl: on, upon
> עליה ˁlyh
> על ˁl: on, upon
> on it
> [use of] the male organ,
> הדם hdm: limb, member, male organ
> חותם ḥwtm
> חתם ḥtm: seal
> a seal,
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with the lower-class rabble,
> ב־ b-: with; גלירא glyrˀ: galearius, soldier-servant, rabble, lowest class of people
> בכוליאר bkwlyˀr
> ב־ b-: with; כוליאר kwlyˀr: pin of cochlear shape; כוכליאר kwklyˀr: cochlear
> with a cochlear pin [??],
> neither
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with receiving [it from them],
> ב־ b-: with; קבל qbl: receive, accept, take
> בכובלת bkwblt
> ב־ b-: with; כבל kbl: chain
> with a [foot] chain,
> nor
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with a penetration [of them]
> ב־ b-: with; צלח ṣlḥ: split, break through, penetrate
> בצלוחית bṣlwḥyt
> ב־ b-: with; צלוחית ṣlwḥyt: bottle, flask
> with a flask
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the [kind with] discharge.
> פלוט plwṭ: discharged, ejected; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> פליטון plyṭwn
> פוליטון pwlyṭwn: foliatum, perfume
> perfume.
> And if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And if
> he comes out [with these],
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יצתה yṣth
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> she goes out [with these],
> he is guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיבת ḥybt
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> she is obligated
> [of a real] mistake!
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> [to make] a sin-offering.
> [These are] the words
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> [These are] the words
> of lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> of rabbi
> Meir.
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> מאיר mˀyr
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> Meir.
> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> exempt
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטרין pwṭryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> exempt
> [acts] with receiving [it from them],
> ב־ b-: with; קבל qbl: receive, accept, take
> בכובלת bkwblt
> ב־ b-: with; כבל kbl: chain
> [going out] with a [foot] chain,
> and also with a penetration [of them]
> ב־ b-: with; צלח ṣlḥ: split, break through, penetrate
> ובצלוחית wbṣlwḥyt
> ב־ b-: with; צלוחית ṣlwḥyt: bottle, flask
> and also with a flask
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the [kind with] discharge.
> פלוט plwṭ: discharged, ejected; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> פליטון plyṭwn
> פוליטון pwlyṭwn: foliatum, perfume
> perfume.

> Shabbat 6:3.a

#### Shabbat 6:4.a

> Encrypted: Not may come out a lord with these in public: Not with his private little sword, and not with shooting forth, and not with squirting off, and not with his lance, and not with his spear. And if he comes out with these, he is guilty of a real mistake! Lord Eliezer says: But absolutely right and proper are they these things to him!

> Official: Not may come out a man with these: Not with a sword, and not with a bow, and not with a shield, and not with a lance, and not with a spear. And if he goes out with these, she is obligated to make a sin-offering. Rabbi Eliezer says: But only decorative weapons are they to him!

> Not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Not
> [may] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יצא yṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [may] come out
> a lord [with these in public]:
> איש ˀyš: lord
> האיש hˀyš
> איש ˀyš: man
> a man [with these]:
> Not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Not
> with his [private little] sword,
> ב־ b-: with; סיף syp: sword
> בסיף bsyp
> ב־ b-: with; סיף syp: sword
> with a sword,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with shooting forth,
> ב־ b-: with; קשת qšt: shoot, shot forth
> בקשת bqšt
> ב־ b-: with; קשת qšt: bow
> with a bow,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with squirting [off],
> ב־ b-: with; תרז trz: burst, splash, squirt
> בתריס btrys
> ב־ b-: with; תרס trs: shield
> with a shield,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with his lance,
> ב־ b-: with; אלה ˀlh: lance, sign-pole
> באלה bˀlh
> ב־ b-: with; אלה ˀlh: lance, sign-pole
> with a lance,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> with his spear.
> ב־ b-: with; רמח rmḥ: spear, lance
> ברמח brmḥ
> ב־ b-: with; רמח rmḥ: spear, lance
> with a spear.
> And if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And if
> he comes out [with these],
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יצא yṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> he goes out [with these],
> he is guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> she is obligated
> [of a real] mistake!
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> [to make] a sin-offering.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [But absolutely] right [and proper]
> ת־ t-: of; כשיטותא kšyṭwtˀ: good, right
> תכשיטין tkšyṭyn
> תכשיט tkšyṭ: ornament, decoration
> [But only] decorative [weapons]
> [are] they [these things]
> הן hn: they
> הן hn
> הן hn: they
> [are] they
> to him!
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to him!

> Shabbat 6:4.a

#### Shabbat 6:4.b

> Encrypted: But the advisors say: Nothing are they if not a disgrace, about which it is said: (Isaiah 2:4) They would just form their soldiers into self gratifying perverts and their private pleasure into all-out harlotry, and soon not would raise the crowds against other crowds the sword any more, and not would they want to learn any more of war!

> Official: But the advisors say: Nothing are they if not a disgrace, about which it is said: (Isaiah 2:4) They will beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into pruning knives, and not will raise nation against nation the sword any more, and not will they want to learn any more of war.

> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> Nothing [are they]
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינן ˀynn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> Nothing [are they]
> if not
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> if not
> a disgrace,
> ל־ l-: to; גנאי gnˀy: disgrace, shame, obscenity
> לגנאי lgnˀy
> ל־ l-: to; גנאי gnˀy: disgrace, shame, obscenity
> a disgrace,
> [about] which it is said:
> ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
> [about] which it is said:
> (Isaiah
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (ישעיה yšˁyh
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (Isaiah
> 2:4)
> ב b: 2
> ב) b
> ב b: 2
> 2:4)
> [They would just] form
> כתת ktt: join closely, form into factions, come in contact
> וכתתו wkttw
> כתת ktt: crush, pound, beat
> [They will] beat
> their soldiers
> קרב qrb: soldier; ־ם -m: their
> חרבותם ḥrbwtm
> חרב ḥrb: sword; ־ם -m: their
> their swords
> into [self] gratifying perverts
> ל־ l-: to; עות ˁwt: enjoy, gratified, pervert; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> לאתים lˀtym
> ל־ l-: to; את ˀt: ploughshare; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> into ploughshares
> and their [private] pleasure
> הניותא hnywtˀ: pleasure, delight, gaiety; הם hm: they
> וחניתותיהם wḥnytwtyhm
> חנית ḥnyt: spear; הם hm: they
> and their spears
> into [all-out] harlotry,
> ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; זמור zmwr: revelry, harlotry
> למזמרות lmzmrwt
> ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; זמור zmwr: cutting, pruning, trimming
> into pruning knives,
> and [soon] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [would] raise
> נשא nšˀ: lift, raise
> ישא yšˀ
> נשא nšˀ: lift, raise
> [will] raise
> the crowds
> גוי gwy: crowd, people
> גוי gwy
> גוי gwy: nation
> nation
> against
> אל ˀl: to, against
> אל ˀl
> אל ˀl: to, against
> against
> [other] crowds
> גוי gwy: crowd, people
> גוי gwy
> גוי gwy: nation
> nation
> the sword [any more],
> חרב ḥrb: sword
> חרב ḥrb
> חרב ḥrb: sword
> the sword [any more],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [would] they [want to] learn
> למד lmd: learn, teach
> ילמדו ylmdw
> למד lmd: learn, teach
> [will] they [want to] learn
> any more
> עוד ˁwd: still, again
> עוד ˁwd
> עוד ˁwd: still, again
> any more
> of war!
> מ־ m-: from, of; לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war
> מלחמה mlḥmh
> מ־ m-: from, of; לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war
> of war.

> Shabbat 6:4.b

#### Shabbat 6:4.c

> Encrypted: So as for any superficial practice, if it is clean, a lord may come out with it among the army. But as for practices where it is received, they are unclean to the troops, so not may he come out with them among the army.

> Official: As for a garter, if it is clean, a woman my go out with it on Sabbath. But as for chains, they are unclean, so not may she go out with them on Sabbath.

> [So as for any] superficial [practice],
> בריאית bryˀyt: outwardly; בראית brˀyt: superficially
> בירית byryt
> בירית byryt: garter
> [As for] a garter,
> [if it] is clean,
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> טהורה ṭhwrh
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> [if it] is clean,
> [a lord may] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> ויוצאין wywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [a woman my] go out
> with it
> בה bh: with it
> בה bh
> בה bh: with it
> with it
> among the army.
> ב־ b-: in, among; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.
> [But as for practices where it] is received,
> קבל qbl: receive, accept, take
> כבלים kblym
> כבל kbl: bound, tied, chained
> [But as for] chains,
> [they] are unclean [to the troops],
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> טמאין ṭmˀyn
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> [they] are unclean,
> so not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> so not
> [may he] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאין ywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [may she] go out
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
> בהם bhm
> ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
> with them
> among the army.
> ב־ b-: in, among; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 6:4.c

### Chaste relation are OK, but fornication must be veiled.

#### Shabbat 6:5.a

> Encrypted: But may come out a lord with a seduction that is chaste & disciplined whether it is among those troops belonging to himself, among those of a friend, or among those of the human cattle servants, even with knocking them up, and with inserting, at a time when they are closely joined to him.

> Official: But may go out a woman with threads of false hair, whether they are among those of herself, among those of a friend, or among those of an animal, and with a forehead ornament, and with a headdress, at a time when they are sewn to her clothing.

> [But may] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאה ywṣˀh
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [But may] go out
> a lord
> שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
> אשה ˀšh
> אשה ˀšh: woman
> a woman
> with a seduction
> ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
> בחוטי bḥwṭy
> ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
> with threads
> that is chaste & disciplined
> יסר ysr: bind self, chasten, discipline
> שער šˁr
> שער šˁr: hair
> of [false] hair,
> [whether it is] among
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> [whether they are] among
> [those troops belonging] to himself,
> מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
> משלה mšlh
> מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
> [those] of herself,
> among
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> among
> [those] of
> מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
> משל mšl
> מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
> [those] of
> a friend,
> חבר ḥbr: friend, companion, associate
> חברתה ḥbrth
> חבר ḥbr: friend, companion, associate
> a friend,
> [or] among
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> [or] among
> [those] of
> מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
> משל mšl
> מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
> [those] of
> the [human] cattle servants,
> בהם bhm: dumb, servants
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> an animal,
> [even] with knocking [them up],
> ב־ b-: with; תפף tpp: join, strike, knock; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> ובטטפת wbṭṭpt
> ב־ b-: with; טוטפת ṭwṭpt: ornament on forehead
> and with a forehead ornament,
> and with inserting,
> ב־ b-: with; סנף snp: insert; ־ת -t: (suffix); ־ן -n: (suffix)
> ובסנבוטין wbsnbwṭyn
> ב־ b-: with; סנבוטין snbwṭyn: headdress
> and with a headdress,
> at a time
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> בזמן bzmn
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> at a time
> when they are
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> שהן šhn
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> when they are
> [closely] joined [to him].
> תפר tpr: sew together, join
> תפורין tpwryn
> תפר tpr: stitch, sew
> sewn [to her clothing].

> Shabbat 6:5.a

#### Shabbat 6:5.b

> Encrypted: But with kneading them intimately he must be in a veil feigning to be another for his courting. Even with the lower ones which are among his own armed troops, and with the lower ones which are among his supporters, and with the lower ones which he installed especially for the filthy stuff.

> Official: And with a hair-net and with braids that are false, but only into the courtyard. Also with wool rags which are on her ears, and with wool rags which are in her sandals, and with wool rags which she placed especially for her menstruation.

> [But] with kneading [them intimately]
> ב־ b-: with; גבול gbwl: kneading, mixing
> בכבול bkbwl
> ב־ b-: with; כבול kbwl: hair-net
> [And] with a hair-net
> [he must be] in a veil
> ב־ b-: in; עפה ˁph: wrap; עיפא ˁypˀ: cover, veil
> ובפאה wbpˀh
> ב־ b-: with; פאה pˀh: braid
> and with braids
> feigning to be another
> נכר nkr: feign to be another
> נכרית nkryt
> נכר nkr: dissemble
> that are false,
> for his courting.
> ל־ l-: for; חזור ḥzwr: going around, courting; חזרו ḥzrw: desire
> לחצר lḥṣr
> ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard
> [but only] into the courtyard.
> [Even] with the lower [ones]
> ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: lay under, lower, poor
> במוך bmwk
> ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: hackled wool, rag
> [Also] with wool rags
> which are among [his own] armed [troops],
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; זין zyn: weapon, arms, armor
> שבאזנה šbˀznh
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; אזן ˀzn: ear
> which are on her ears,
> and with the lower [ones]
> ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: lay under, lower, poor
> ובמוך wbmwk
> ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: hackled wool, rag
> and with wool rags
> which are among [his] supporters,
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; סנד snd: assist, support
> שבסנדלה šbsndlh
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; סנדל sndl: sandalion, sandal
> which are in her sandals,
> and with the lower [ones]
> ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: lay under, lower, poor
> ובמוך wbmwk
> ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: hackled wool, rag
> and with wool rags
> which [he] installed [especially]
> ש־ š-: which; תקן tqn: install, establish
> שהתקינה šhtqynh
> ש־ š-: which; תקן tqn: place, prepare, arrange
> which she placed [especially]
> for the filthy [stuff].
> ל־ l-: for; נדה ndh: filth, impure thing
> לנדתה lndth
> ל־ l-: for; נדה ndh: menstrual period
> for her menstruation.

> Shabbat 6:5.b

#### Shabbat 6:5.c

> Encrypted: Also with sprinkling around, and with gargling the juice, and with all things where he places it in the middle of someone’s mouth, on the condition that he did not place it with them already before the beginning of the war. And if he sprinkles it on them, they may not return it.

> Official: And with pepper, and with grains of salt, and with all things where she places them in the middle of her mouth, on the condition that she did not place them there at the beginning of the Sabbath. And if they fall out, she may not replace them.

> [Also] with sprinkling [around],
> ב־ b-: with; פלפל plpl: sprinkle
> בפלפל bplpl
> ב־ b-: with; פלפל plpl: pepper
> [And] with pepper,
> and with gargling
> ב־ b-: with; גרגר grgr: gargle, pour down the throat
> ובגרגיר wbgrgyr
> ב־ b-: with; גרגר grgr: grain
> and with grains
> the juice,
> מהל mhl: thin secretion, sap, juice
> מלח mlḥ
> מלח mlḥ: salt
> of salt,
> and with all
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
> ובכל wbkl
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
> and with all
> things
> דבר dbr: thing, object
> דבר dbr
> דבר dbr: thing, object
> things
> where he places [it]
> ש־ š-: which; נתן ntn: put, place
> שתתן šttn
> ש־ š-: which; נתן ntn: put, place
> where she places [them]
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> in the middle
> of [someone’s] mouth [?!?],
> פה ph: orifice
> פיה pyh
> פה ph: mouth
> of her mouth [???],
> on the condition that
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> on the condition that
> [he did] not
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> [she did] not
> place [it with them]
> נתן ntn: put, place
> תתן ttn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> place [them there]
> [already before] the beginning
> ל־ l-: to; כ־ k-: as; תחלה tḥlh: beginning
> לכתחלה lktḥlh
> ל־ l-: to; כ־ k-: as; תחלה tḥlh: beginning
> at the beginning
> of the war.
> ב־ b-: on; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of the Sabbath.
> And if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And if
> [he] sprinkles [it on them?],
> נ־ n-: make; פלל pll: sprinkle
> נפל npl
> נפל npl: fall
> [they] fall out,
> [they may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [she may] not
> return [it].
> חזר ḥzr: restore, return
> תחזיר tḥzyr
> חזר ḥzr: restore, return
> replace [them].

> Shabbat 6:5.c

#### Shabbat 6:5.c

> Encrypted: Fornication of true desire, or fornication out of true emotions, lord HaNasi permits it, but the advisors prohibit even this.

> Official: A false tooth that was inserted, or a tooth of gold, rabbi HaNasi permits it, but the advisors prohibit this.

> Fornication
> זני zny: adultery, fornication
> שן šn
> שן šn: tooth
> A [false] tooth
> of [true] desire,
> תאב tˀb: desire; תיובתא tywbtˀ: desire
> תותבת twtbt
> תותב twtb: inserted, fixed
> that was inserted,
> or fornication
> שן šn: tooth
> ושן wšn
> שן šn: tooth
> or a tooth
> [out] of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> [true] emotions,
> זוחף zwḥp: incitement, emotion
> זהב zhb
> זהב zhb: gold
> gold,
> lord [HaNasi]
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi [HaNasi]
> permits [it],
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permits [it],
> but the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> but the advisors
> prohibit [even this].
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אוסרים ˀwsrym
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> prohibit [this].

> Shabbat 6:5.c

### Nobles need a mask even for discreet relations, if they didn’t have one before the war.

#### Shabbat 6:6.a

> Encrypted: A lord may come out with lewd swinging when it is put on in a discreet way. Among the common masses he may of course come out with flirting, and even with carnal acts which are fornication.

> Official: A woman may go out with a sela coin when it is put on her as an adornment. Girls who are young may come out with straps, and even with splinters which are in their ears for piercings.

> [A lord may] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאה ywṣˀh
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [A woman may] go out
> with lewd [swinging]
> ב־ b-: with; סלל sll: swinging, commit lewdness
> בסלע bslˁ
> ב־ b-: with; סלע slˁ: sela coin, drachma
> with a sela coin [???]
> when [it is] put on
> ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on, upon
> שעל šˁl
> ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on, upon
> when [it is] put on [her?]
> in a discreet [way].
> צניע ṣnyˁ: modest, chaste, hidden; צנוע ṣnwˁ: discreet
> הצינית hṣynyt
> צין ṣyn: adorn one’s self
> [as an] adornment.
> Among
> בינות bynwt: between, among
> הבנות hbnwt
> בנות bnwt: daughters, maidens
> Girls
> the common masses
> קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> קטנות qṭnwt
> קטן qṭn: young
> who are young
> [he may of course] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאות ywṣˀwt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [may] come out
> with flirting,
> ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
> בחוטין bḥwṭyn
> ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
> with straps,
> and even
> אפלו ˀplw: even
> ואפלו wˀplw
> אפלו ˀplw: even
> and even
> with carnal [acts]
> ב־ b-: with; גשם gšm: body, make carnate
> בקסמין bqsmyn
> ב־ b-: with; קיסם qysm: chip, splinter
> with splinters
> which are fornication.
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; זני zny: adultery, fornication
> שבאזניהם šbˀznyhm
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; אזן ˀzn: ear
> which are in [their] ears [for piercings].

> Shabbat 6:6.a

#### Shabbat 6:6.b

> Encrypted: But nobles may only come out veiled, and well-known ones only with an additional mask. This goes for all people, only here have spoken the advisors of actual events of undisguised nobles getting in trouble.

> Official: Arabian Jewish girls may only go out veiled, and Median Jewish girls only with an additional fastening on the veil. This goes for all people, only here have spoken the advisors of actual events of unveiled girls getting in trouble.

> [But] nobles
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ערביות ˁrbywt
> ערבי ˁrby: Arab
> Arabian [Jewish girls?]
> [may only] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאות ywṣˀwt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [may only] go out
> veiled,
> רעל rˁl: veil
> רעולות rˁwlwt
> רעל rˁl: veil
> veiled,
> and well-known [ones]
> מדע mdˁ: well-known, fame
> ומדיות wmdywt
> מדי mdy: Median
> and Median [Jewish girls?]
> [only] with an [additional] mask.
> אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
> פרופות prwpwt
> פרף prp: clasp, fasten
> [only] with an [additional] fastening [on the veil].
> [This goes for] all
> כל kl: all
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all
> [This goes for] all
> people,
> אדם ˀdm: man, people
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, people
> people,
> only [here]
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> only [here]
> have spoken
> ש־ š-: which; דבר dbr: word, say
> שדברו šdbrw
> ש־ š-: which; דבר dbr: word, say
> have spoken
> the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> חכמים ḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> the advisors
> of actual events [of undisguised nobles getting in trouble].
> ב־ b-: on; הוה hwh: present, actual occurrence
> בהוה bhwh
> ב־ b-: on; הוה hwh: present, actual occurrence
> of actual events [of unveiled girls getting in trouble].

> Shabbat 6:6.b

#### Shabbat 6:7.a

> Encrypted: A noble must put a mask on his face, and on his manners, and on his impression, on the condition that he had not masked himself like that before the beginning of the war.

> Official: The veil must be fastened with a stone, or with a nut, or with a coin, on the condition that she had not fastened it before the beginning of the Sabbath.

> [A noble must put] a mask
> אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
> פורפת pwrpt
> פרף prp: clasp, fasten
> [The veil must] be fastened
> on
> על ˁl: on, using, with
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, using, with
> with
> [his] face,
> אפין ˀpyn: face, surface
> האבן hˀbn
> אבן ˀbn: stone
> a stone,
> and on
> על ˁl: on, using, with
> ועל wˁl
> על ˁl: on, using, with
> or with
> [his] manners,
> גיסא gysˀ: way, manner
> האגוז hˀgwz
> אגוז ˀgwz: nut
> a nut [??],
> and on
> על ˁl: on, using, with
> ועל wˁl
> על ˁl: on, using, with
> or with
> [his] impression,
> מטבע mṭbˁ: impression, reputation
> המטבע hmṭbˁ
> מטבע mṭbˁ: coin, medal
> a coin,
> on the condition that
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> on the condition that
> [he had] not
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> [she had] not
> masked [himself like that]
> אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
> תפרף tprp
> פרף prp: clasp, fasten
> fastened [it]
> before the beginning
> ל־ l-: to; כ־ k-: as; תחל tḥl: begin
> לכתחלה lktḥlh
> ל־ l-: to; כ־ k-: as; תחל tḥl: begin
> before the beginning
> of the war.
> ב־ b-: on; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of the Sabbath.

> Shabbat 6:7.a

#### Shabbat 6:8.a

> Encrypted: If a noble already has a diminished form, he may come out with this deceit of him, says lord Meir. But lord Yose prohibit this. And if there is on it something that troubles the troops, then it is definitely unfit.

> Official: If someone has an amputated leg, he may go out with the wooden leg of him, says rabbi Meir. But rabbi Yose prohibit this. And if there is on it something to receive the crushed leg, then it is definitely unclean.

> [If a noble already has] a diminished [form],
> קט qṭ: small; קטט qṭṭ: diminish
> הקטע hqṭˁ
> קטע qṭˁ: cut off, amputate
> [If someone has] an amputated [leg],
> [he may] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצא ywṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [he may] go out
> with this deceit
> ב־ b-: with; עקבה ˁqbh: cunning, deceit
> בקב bqb
> ב־ b-: with; קבה qbh: put on a wooden leg
> with the wooden leg
> of him,
> של šl: belonging to, of
> שלו šlw
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of him,
> says
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Meir.
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> מאיר mˀyr
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> Meir.
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> prohibit [this].
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אוסר ˀwsr
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> prohibit [this].
> And if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And if
> there is
> יש yš: there is
> יש yš
> יש yš: there is
> there is
> on it
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> on it
> something
> בית byt: structure
> בית byt
> בית byt: structure
> something
> that troubles
> קבל qbl: confront, complain; קבלה qblh: troubling, complaint
> קבול qbwl
> קבל qbl: take, receive
> to receive
> the troops,
> גדוד gdwd: troop, band
> כתותים ktwtym
> כתת ktt: crush
> the crushed [leg?],
> then [it is definitely] unfit.
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> טמא ṭmˀ
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> then [it is definitely] unclean.

> Shabbat 6:8.a

### Unclean sex practices are OK if one’s personal troops are used to them.

#### Shabbat 6:8.b

> Encrypted: Only if the supporting troops belonging to him are those where unclean practices are well-trodden & usual, then he may come out with them in a war, and even enter with them into his assistants.

> Official: Only if the support base belonging to the wooden leg is that of an unclean person using it for treading, then he may go out with them on Sabbath, and even enter with them into a temple courtyard.

> [Only if] the supporting [troops]
> סמך smk: base, prop up, support
> סמוכות smwkwt
> סמך smk: base, prop up, support
> [Only if] the support base
> belonging to [him]
> של šl: belonging to, of
> שלו šlw
> של šl: belonging to, of
> belonging to [the wooden leg]
> [are those where] unclean [practices]
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> טמאין ṭmˀyn
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> [is that of] an unclean [person]
> are well-trodden & usual,
> מ־ m-: of; דרישא dryšˀ: trodden, usual, customary
> מדרס mdrs
> מ־ m-: of; דרס drs: tread, trample; דרש drš: tread
> [using it for] treading,
> then [he may] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> ויוצאין wywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> then [he may] go out
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> in a war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> and [even] enter
> כנס kns: go in, enter
> ונכנסין wnknsyn
> כנס kns: go in, enter
> and [even] enter
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> into [his] assistants [??].
> ב־ b-: into; עזר ˁzr: surround, help, assist, protect
> בעזרה bˁzrh
> ב־ b-: into; עזרה ˁzrh: Temple court
> into a temple courtyard [??].

> Shabbat 6:8.b

#### Shabbat 6:8.c

> Encrypted: But if it is a secret that the supporting troops belonging to him are those where unclean practices are well-trodden & usual, then he may not come out with them in a war, and not enter with them into his assistants.

> Official: But if is withdrawn the support base belonging to the wooden leg, and it is that of an unclean person using it for treading, then he may not go out with them on Sabbath, and not enter with them into a temple courtyard.

> [But if it] is a secret
> כסי ksy: conceal, hidden, secretly
> כסא ksˀ
> כסי ksy: withdraw
> [But if] is withdrawn
> [that] the supporting [troops]
> סמך smk: base, prop up, support
> וסמוכות wsmwkwt
> סמך smk: base, prop up, support
> the support base
> belonging to [him]
> של šl: belonging to, of
> שלו šlw
> של šl: belonging to, of
> belonging to [the wooden leg],
> [are those where] unclean [practices]
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> טמאין ṭmˀyn
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> [and it is that of] an unclean [person]
> are well-trodden & usual,
> מ־ m-: of; דרישא dryšˀ: trodden, usual, customary
> מדרס mdrs
> מ־ m-: of; דרס drs: tread, trample; דרש drš: tread
> [using it for] treading,
> [then he may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [then he may] not
> come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאין ywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> in a war,
> ב־ b-: on; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> and not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and not
> enter
> כנס kns: go in, enter
> נכנסין nknsyn
> כנס kns: go in, enter
> enter
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> into [his] assistants [??].
> ב־ b-: into; עזר ˁzr: surround, help, assist, protect
> בעזרה bˁzrh
> ב־ b-: into; עזרה ˁzrh: Temple court
> into a temple courtyard [??].

> Shabbat 6:8.c

#### Shabbat 6:8.d

> Encrypted: Just holding the thing in the hand is clean, but one may still not come out with that in public.

> Official: Instruments like a wooden leg are clean, but one may not go out with them.

> [Just] holding the thing in the hand
> נקט nqṭ: hold in hand, let take in one’s hands; מן mn: thing
> אנקטמין ˀnqṭmyn
> ניקטמון nyqṭmwn: wooden leg like instrument
> Instruments like a wooden leg [???]
> is clean,
> טהר ṭhr: cleared, cleanse, amend
> טהורין ṭhwryn
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> are clean,
> but [one may still] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> but [one may] not
> come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאין ywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> go out
> with that [in public].
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them.

> Shabbat 6:8.d

### Gay relations with boys may only come out as general relations.

#### Shabbat 6:9.a

> Encrypted: With boys one may only come out with being joined generally, and among boys of nobility with being a couple. This goes for all people, only here have spoken the advisors of actual events of gay boys getting in trouble.

> Official: Boys may go out with knots, and boys of nobility with bells. This goes for all people, only here have spoken the advisors of actual events of overdressed boys getting in trouble.

> [With] boys
> בן bn: child, son
> הבנים hbnym
> בן bn: child, son
> Boys
> [one may only] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאין ywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> may go out
> with being joined [generally],
> ב־ b-: with; קשר qšr: join together, connect, relation, union
> בקשרים bqšrym
> ב־ b-: with; קשר qšr: bind, knot, band
> with knots,
> and [among] boys
> בן bn: child, son
> ובני wbny
> בן bn: child, son
> and boys
> of nobility
> מלך mlk: ruler, governor, chief
> מלכים mlkym
> מלך mlk: king
> of nobility
> with [being] a couple.
> ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: pair, join, couple, mate, copulate, have sexual relations
> בזוגין bzwgyn
> ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: bell
> with bells.
> [This goes for] all
> כל kl: all
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all
> [This goes for] all
> people,
> אדם ˀdm: man, people
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, people
> people,
> only [here]
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> only [here]
> have spoken
> ש־ š-: which; דבר dbr: word, say
> שדברו šdbrw
> ש־ š-: which; דבר dbr: word, say
> have spoken
> the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> חכמים ḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> the advisors
> of actual events [of gay boys getting in trouble].
> ב־ b-: on; הוה hwh: present, actual occurrence
> בהוה bhwh
> ב־ b-: on; הוה hwh: present, actual occurrence
> of actual events [of overdressed boys getting in trouble].

> Shabbat 6:9.a

### Making sexual gay relations public leads to revolt.

#### Shabbat 6:10.a

> Encrypted: One may even come out with bursting forth in an entanglement, or with it sharpening in an act of lewdness, or with it standing erect from impaling someone with it because of a sexual exchange, says lord Meir.

> Official: One may go out with the egg of a locust, or with the tooth of a fox, or with nails from a crucification, because of healing, says rabbi Meir.

> [One may even] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יוצאין ywṣˀyn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [One may] go out
> with bursting forth
> ב־ b-: with; בוץ bwṣ: swell, bubble, burst forth
> בביצת bbyṣt
> ב־ b-: with; ביצה byṣh: egg
> with the egg
> [in] an entanglement,
> ערגל ˁrgl: roll, wallow; ערקל ˁrql: entangle; ערכל ˁrkl: entangle
> החרגול hḥrgwl
> חרגול ḥrgwl: kind of locust
> of a locust [???],
> or with [it] sharpening
> ב־ b-: with; שנן šnn: sharpen, pointed
> ובשן wbšn
> ב־ b-: with; שן šn: tooth
> or with the tooth
> in [an act of] lewdness,
> סלל sll: swinging, commit lewdness
> שועל šwˁl
> שועל šwˁl: fox
> of a fox,
> or with [it] standing erect
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stand erect
> ובמסמר wbmsmr
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stud with nails, crucify
> or with nails
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> impaling [someone with it??]
> צלב ṣlb: hang, impale, crucify
> הצלוב hṣlwb
> צלב ṣlb: hang, impale, crucify
> a crucification [???],
> because
> משום mšwm: because
> משום mšwm
> משום mšwm: because
> because
> of a [sexual] exchange,
> ערף ˁrp: exchange, mixed up
> רפואה rpwˀh
> רפא rpˀ: heal, cure
> of healing,
> says
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Meir.
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> מאיר mˀyr
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> Meir.

> Shabbat 6:10.a

#### Shabbat 6:10.b

> Encrypted: But the advisors say: Even if one is very quiet about it it is forbidden, because it is a path leading to revolt.

> Official: But the advisors say: Even if one is sick it is forbidden, because it is the way of the heathen Amorites.

> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> Even
> אף ˀp: also, even
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: also, even
> Even
> [if one] is [very] quiet [about it]
> בהל bhl: quiet, keep quiet
> בחל bḥl
> בחל bḥl: sick
> [if one] is sick
> it is forbidden,
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> אסור ˀswr
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> it is forbidden,
> because
> משום mšwm: because
> משום mšwm
> משום mšwm: because
> because
> [it is] a path
> דרך drk: way, path
> דרכי drky
> דרך drk: way, path
> [it is] the way
> [leading to] revolt.
> אמראה ˀmrˀh: revolt
> האמורי hˀmwry
> אמרי ˀmry: Amorite
> of the [heathen] Amorites.

> Shabbat 6:10.b

### One who screws around publicly during war is guilty.

#### Shabbat 7:1.a

> Encrypted: Generally as a greater rule, this is said about wars: Everyone who is oblivious to the essence of wars, and does acts of desire several in wars several, is not guilty of anything, except of a mistake a single one.

> Official: Generally as a greater rule, this is said about the Sabbath: Everyone who is oblivious to the essence of Sabbath, and does regular works several on Sabbaths several, is not obligated to do anything, except of sin-offering a single one.

> Generally
> כלל kll: all, general
> כלל kll
> כלל kll: all, general
> Generally
> [as a] greater [rule],
> גדול gdwl: great
> גדול gdwl
> גדול gdwl: great
> [as a] greater [rule],
> [this] is said
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמרו ˀmrw
> אמר ˀmr: say
> [this] is said
> about wars:
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> about the Sabbath:
> Everyone [who]
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> Everyone [who]
> is oblivious to
> שכח škḥ: forget, oblivion
> השוכח hšwkḥ
> שכח škḥ: forget, oblivion
> is oblivious to
> the essence
> עקר ˁqr: root, main point, essence
> עקר ˁqr
> עקר ˁqr: root, main point, essence
> the essence
> of wars,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> and does
> עשה ˁšh: do, act
> ועשה wˁšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, act
> and does
> [acts of] desire
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכות mlˀkwt
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> [regular] works
> several
> רבה rbh: much, many
> הרבה hrbh
> רבה rbh: much, many
> several
> in wars
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבתות bšbtwt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbaths
> several,
> רבה rbh: much, many
> הרבה hrbh
> רבה rbh: much, many
> several,
> [is] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [is] not
> guilty [of anything],
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> obligated [to do anything],
> except of
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except of
> a mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> sin-offering
> a single one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> a single one.

> Shabbat 7:1.a

#### Shabbat 7:1.b

> Encrypted: One who knows the essence of war, and does acts of desire several in wars several, he is guilty in all these wars, and the current war.

> Official: One who knows the essence of Sabbath, and does regular works several on Sabbaths several, he is obligated for an offering on all these Sabbaths, and the current Sabbath.

> [One who] knows
> ידע ydˁ: know
> היודע hywdˁ
> ידע ydˁ: know
> [One who] knows
> the essence
> עקר ˁqr: root, main point, essence
> עקר ˁqr
> עקר ˁqr: root, main point, essence
> the essence
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> and does
> עשה ˁšh: do, act
> ועשה wˁšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, act
> and does
> [acts of] desire
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכות mlˀkwt
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> [regular] works
> several
> רבה rbh: much, many
> הרבה hrbh
> רבה rbh: much, many
> several
> in wars
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבתות bšbtwt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbaths
> several,
> רבה rbh: much, many
> הרבה hrbh
> רבה rbh: much, many
> several,
> [he] is guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> [he] is obligated [for an offering]
> in
> על ˁl: on, upon
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, upon
> on
> all [these]
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all [these]
> wars,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> Sabbaths,
> and [the current?] war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> ושבת wšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> and [the current?] Sabbath.

> Shabbat 7:1.b

#### Shabbat 7:1.c

> Encrypted: One who knows it is the time of war, and does acts of desire several in wars several, he is guilty on all these groups of desires, and the current act of desire.

> Official: One who knows it is the time of Sabbath, and does regular works several on Sabbaths several, he is obligated for an offering on all these groups of works, and the current work.

> [One who] knows
> ידע ydˁ: know
> היודע hywdˁ
> ידע ydˁ: know
> [One who] knows
> [it is] the time
> שעה šˁh: time
> שהוא šhwˀ
> שעה šˁh: time
> [it is] the time
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> and does
> עשה ˁšh: do, act
> ועשה wˁšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, act
> and does
> [acts of] desire
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכות mlˀkwt
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> [regular] works
> several
> רבה rbh: much, many
> הרבה hrbh
> רבה rbh: much, many
> several
> in wars
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבתות bšbtwt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbaths
> several,
> רבה rbh: much, many
> הרבה hrbh
> רבה rbh: much, many
> several,
> [he] is guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> [he] is obligated [for an offering]
> on
> על ˁl: on, upon
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, upon
> on
> all [these]
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all [these]
> groups [?]
> בי by: between, group
> אב ˀb
> בי by: between, group
> groups
> of desires,
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכה mlˀkh
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> of works,
> and [the current act?] of desire.
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> ומלאכה wmlˀkh
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> and [the current?] work.

> Shabbat 7:1.c

#### Shabbat 7:1.d

> Encrypted: One who does acts of desire several, but they are similar like a group of desires one, is not guilty of anything, except of a mistake a single one.

> Official: One who does works several, but they are similar like a group of work one, is not obligated to do anything, except of sin-offering a single one.

> [One who] does
> עשה ˁšh: do, act
> העושה hˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, act
> [One who] does
> [acts of] desire
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכות mlˀkwt
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> works
> several,
> רבה rbh: much, many
> הרבה hrbh
> רבה rbh: much, many
> several,
> [but they are] similar like
> מעין mˁyn: similar to, like
> מעין mˁyn
> מעין mˁyn: similar to, like
> [but they are] similar like
> [a group] of desires
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכה mlˀkh
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> [a group] of work
> one,
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one,
> [is] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [is] not
> guilty [of anything],
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> obligated [to do anything],
> except of
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except of
> a mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> sin-offering
> a single one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> a single one.

> Shabbat 7:1.d

### There are 39 sexual acts that are forbidden in public.

#### Shabbat 7:2.a

> Encrypted: The groups of desires are forty minus one: Sprinkling semen. Sexual intercourse. “Reaping” into other people. Naked sexual contact. Coitus. Emitting semen. Showing the penis. Sexual intercourse. Lusty acts. Frivolous acts.

> Official: The groups of work are forty minus one: Seeding. Ploughing. Reaping. Binding sheaves. Threshing. Winnowing. Selecting the good grains. Milling. Sifting. Kneading dough.

> The groups
> בי by: between, group
> אבות ˀbwt
> בי by: between, group
> The groups
> of desires [are]
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכות mlˀkwt
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> of work [are]
> forty
> ארבעים ˀrbˁym: forty
> ארבעים ˀrbˁym
> ארבעים ˀrbˁym: forty
> forty
> minus
> חסר ḥsr: subtract
> חסר ḥsr
> חסר ḥsr: subtract
> minus
> one:
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one:
> [Sprinkling] semen.
> זרע zrˁ: semen, sexual potential
> הזורע hzwrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: seed, sow
> Seeding.
> Sexual intercourse.
> חרש ḥrš: sexual intercourse
> והחורש whḥwrš
> חרש ḥrš: plough
> Ploughing.
> “Reaping” [into other people?].
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> והקוצר whqwṣr
> קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
> Reaping.
> Naked [sexual contact].
> מ־ m-: of; מער mˁr: nakedness, bareness
> והמעמר whmˁmr
> מ־ m-: of; עמר ˁmr: heap up, pile up, bind sheaves
> Binding sheaves.
> Coitus.
> דישה dyšh: coitus, friction
> הדש hdš
> דישה dyšh: threshing
> Threshing.
> Emitting semen.
> זרי zry: emit semen
> והזורה whzwrh
> זרי zry: scatter, winnow
> Winnowing.
> [Showing] the penis [?].
> אבר ˀbr: membrum genitale, penis
> הבורר hbwrr
> ברר brr: select, cleanse
> Selecting [the good grains].
> Sexual intercourse.
> טחן ṭḥn: have sexual intercourse
> הטוחן hṭwḥn
> טחן ṭḥn: mill, grind
> Milling.
> Lusty [acts].
> מ־ m-: of; רגתא rgtˀ: desire, lust, genitals
> והמרקד whmrqd
> מ־ m-: of; רקד rqd: sift
> Sifting.
> Frivolous [acts?].
> לוץ lwṣ: talk frivolously
> והלש whlš
> לוש lwš: knead; ליש lyš: dough
> Kneading dough.

> Shabbat 7:2.a

#### Shabbat 7:2.b

> Encrypted: Having a “double” with someone. Crossing into harlotry. Sexual misbehavior. Shaking off in public. Acts of desire. Prostitution. Seduction. Working two structures of “shafts”. Weaving two “ropes”. Squeezing two “cords”.

> Official: Baking. Shearing wool. Whitening it. Hackling flax. Dyeing. Spinning. Working the loom. Working two structures of cross-beams. Weaving two threads. Splitting two threads.

> [Having a] “double” [with someone?].
> עף ˁp: double
> והאופה whˀwph
> אפה ˀph: bake
> Baking.
> Crossing
> גוז gwz: pass, go across, transgress
> הגוזז hgwzz
> גזז gzz: cut, shear
> Shearing
> into
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> harlotry.
> זמור zmwr: revelry, harlotry
> הצמר hṣmr
> צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
> wool.
> [Sexual] misbehavior.
> לעב lˁb: misbehave; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> המלבנו hmlbnw
> לבן lbn: white, make white
> Whitening [it].
> Shaking off [in public].
> מ־ m-: of; נפץ npṣ: shake oneself off, discharge
> והמנפצו whmnpṣw
> מ־ m-: of; נפץ npṣ: hackle flax
> Hackling flax.
> [Acts of] desire.
> צבא ṣbˀ: desire
> והצובעו whṣwbˁw
> צבע ṣbˁ: color, dye
> Dyeing.
> Prostitution.
> טעוה ṭˁwh: prostitute; טעי ṭˁy: seduce
> והטווה whṭwwh
> טוה ṭwh: spin
> Spinning.
> Seduction.
> משך mšk: attracted, seduced
> והמסך whmsk
> מסך msk: web; מסכת mskt: web of the loom
> [Working] the loom.
> Working
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, work
> והעושה whˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, work
> Working
> two
> שני šny: two
> שני šny
> שני šny: two
> two
> structures
> בית byt: structure
> בתי bty
> בית byt: structure
> structures
> of “shafts”.
> ניר nyr: shaft of loom; נעור nˁwr: shaking off
> נירין nyryn
> ניר nyr: cross-beam of the loom, the cross-rod
> of cross-beams.
> Weaving
> ארג ˀrg: weave
> והאורג whˀwrg
> ארג ˀrg: weave
> Weaving
> two
> שני šny: two
> שני šny
> שני šny: two
> two
> “ropes”.
> חוט ḥwṭ: chord, cord, rope
> חוטין ḥwṭyn
> חוט ḥwṭ: thread
> threads.
> Squeezing
> אפץ ˀpṣ: press, squeeze
> והפוצע whpwṣˁ
> פצע pṣˁ: split
> Splitting
> two
> שני šny: two
> שני šny
> שני šny: two
> two
> “cords”.
> חוט ḥwṭ: chord, cord, rope
> חוטין ḥwṭyn
> חוט ḥwṭ: thread
> threads.

> Shabbat 7:2.b

#### Shabbat 7:2.c

> Encrypted: Sexual union. Letting it loose. Joining two pretties. Joining the troops to join two pretties. Ensnaring a beauty. Lewd acts. Undressing. Giving juice. Working the penis. Rubbing it. Squeezing it in.

> Official: Knotting. Unfastening. Sewing two seams. Splitting a part of fabric to sew two seams. Hunting a deer. Slaughtering it. Flaying it. Salting it. Dressing the hide. Smoothing it. Cutting it.

> [Sexual] union.
> קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> הקושר hqwšr
> קשר qšr: knot, tie
> Knotting.
> [Letting it] loose.
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, unfasten
> והמתיר whmtyr
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, unfasten
> Unfastening.
> Joining
> תפר tpr: join
> והתופר whtwpr
> תפר tpr: sew, stitch
> Sewing
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> pretties.
> תבורתא tbwrtˀ: physically attractive, pretty, seductive
> תפירות tpyrwt
> תפראות tprˀwt: seams
> seams.
> Joining
> קרא qrˀ: join, meet
> הקורע hqwrˁ
> קרע qrˁ: split
> Splitting
> על ˁl: on, upon
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, upon
> the troops [?]
> המוניות hmwnywt: troops, crowds, commonness
> מנת mnt
> מנת mnt: share, portion
> a part [of fabric]
> to join
> ל־ l-: to; תפר tpr: join
> לתפר ltpr
> ל־ l-: to; תפר tpr: sew, stitch
> to sew
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> pretties.
> תבורתא tbwrtˀ: physically attractive, pretty, seductive
> תפירות tpyrwt
> תפראות tprˀwt: seams
> seams.
> Ensnaring
> צדיא ṣdyˀ: hunting, ensnaring
> הצד hṣd
> צדיא ṣdyˀ: hunting, ensnaring
> Hunting
> a beauty.
> צבי ṣby: desirable thing, beauty
> צבי ṣby
> צבי ṣby: deer, gazelle
> a deer.
> Lewd [acts].
> שוחט šwḥṭ: lewdness, sexual violation
> השוחטו hšwḥṭw
> שחט šḥṭ: kill, slaughter
> Slaughtering [it].
> Undressing.
> מ־ m-: of; פשט pšṭ: strip, undress
> והמפשיטו whmpšyṭw
> מ־ m-: of; פשט pšṭ: flay
> Flaying [it].
> [Giving] juice.
> מהל mhl: thin secretion, sap, juice
> המולחו hmwlḥw
> מלח mlḥ: salt
> Salting [it].
> Working
> מ־ m-: of; עבד ˁbd: work, labor
> והמעבד whmˁbd
> מ־ m-: of; עבד ˁbd: dress, tan
> Dressing
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the penis.
> אירא ˀyrˀ: penis
> עורו ˁwrw
> עור ˁwr: skin, hide
> the hide.
> Rubbing [it].
> מחק mḥq: rub, pierce through
> והמוחקו whmwḥqw
> מחק mḥq: smooth out
> Smoothing [it].
> Squeezing [it] in.
> מ־ m-: of; חדק ḥdq: squeeze into, drive in, prick
> והמחתכו whmḥtkw
> מ־ m-: of; חתך ḥtk: cut
> Cutting [it].

> Shabbat 7:2.c

#### Shabbat 7:2.d

> Encrypted: Joining two gratifiers. Piercing through the troops to join two gratifiers. The desires. The secret sins. Quenching them. Kindling them. Knocking people up with one’s hammer. Bringing these things from the private domain into the public domain. Here these groups of desires are the forty minus one.

> Official: Writing two letters. Erasing a part of an old letter to write two letters. Building. Destroying a building. Extinguishing fires. Kindling fires. Striking with a hammer. Bringing things from the private domain into the public domain. Here these groups of work are the forty minus one.

> Joining
> כתף ktp: join
> הכותב hkwtb
> כתב ktb: write, compose
> Writing
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> gratifiers.
> אות ˀwt: pleased, gratified, enjoy
> אותיות ˀwtywt
> אות ˀwt: writing, letter
> letters.
> Piercing through [?]
> מחק mḥq: rub, pierce through
> והמוחק whmwḥq
> מחק mḥq: smooth out, erase
> Erasing
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> the troops [?]
> המוניות hmwnywt: troops, crowds, commonness
> מנת mnt
> מנת mnt: share, portion
> a part [of an old letter?]
> to join
> ל־ l-: to; כתף ktp: join
> לכתב lktb
> ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write, compose
> to write
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> gratifiers.
> אות ˀwt: pleased, gratified, enjoy
> אותיות ˀwtywt
> אות ˀwt: writing, letter
> letters.
> The desires.
> בענון bˁnwn: desire
> הבונה hbwnh
> בנה bnh: build
> Building.
> The secret sins.
> סתר str: secret sins
> והסותר whswtr
> סתר str: pull down, destroy
> Destroying [a building].
> Quenching [them].
> מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench
> המכבה hmkbh
> מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: extinguish
> Extinguishing [fires?!?].
> Kindling [them].
> מ־ m-: of; בער bˁr: kindle
> והמבעיר whmbˁyr
> מ־ m-: of; בער bˁr: kindle
> Kindling [fires].
> Knocking [people] up
> מ־ m-: of; נכה nkh: beat, strike, knock
> המכה hmkh
> מ־ m-: of; נכה nkh: beat, strike, knock
> Striking
> with [one’s] hammer.
> ב־ b-: with; פטיש pṭyš: hammer
> בפטיש bpṭyš
> ב־ b-: with; פטיש pṭyš: hammer
> with a hammer.
> Bringing [these things]
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> Bringing [things]
> from the [private] domain
> מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> מרשות mršwt
> מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> from the [private] domain
> into the [public] domain.
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> לרשות lršwt
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> into the [public] domain.
> Here
> הרי hry: here is
> הרי hry
> הרי hry: here is
> Here
> these
> אלו ˀlw: these
> אלו ˀlw
> אלו ˀlw: these
> these
> groups
> בי by: between, group
> אבות ˀbwt
> בי by: between, group
> groups
> of desires
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכות mlˀkwt
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> of work
> [are] the forty
> ארבעים ˀrbˁym: forty
> ארבעים ˀrbˁym
> ארבעים ˀrbˁym: forty
> [are] the forty
> minus
> חסר ḥsr: subtract
> חסר ḥsr
> חסר ḥsr: subtract
> minus
> one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one.

> Shabbat 7:2.d

### Making sexual secrets public is forbidden, as is doing stuff that can’t be kept secret.

#### Shabbat 7:3.a

> Encrypted: There is also repeated a general additional saying: All things where it would be more proper to let them be secret, and it was a secret like that, and someone brought it into the public domain in a war, he is guilty of a mistake.

> Official: There is also repeated a general additional saying: All things that are proper to deposit away, and it was deposited like that, and someone brought it into the public domain on Sabbath, he is obligated for a sin-offering.

> [There is also] repeated
> עוד ˁwd: return, repeat
> ועוד wˁwd
> עוד ˁwd: return, repeat
> [There is also] repeated
> a general
> כלל kll: all, general
> כלל kll
> כלל kll: all, general
> a general
> additional
> אחר ˀḥr: other, another
> אחר ˀḥr
> אחר ˀḥr: other, another
> additional
> saying:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמרו ˀmrw
> אמר ˀmr: say
> saying:
> All [things]
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All [things]
> [where it would] be [more] proper
> כשר kšr: fit, proper
> הכשר hkšr
> כשר kšr: fit, proper
> [that] are proper
> to [let them] be secret,
> ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
> להצניע lhṣnyˁ
> ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> to deposit away,
> and it was a secret
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
> ומצניעין wmṣnyˁyn
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> and it was deposited
> like that,
> כמה kmh: like, just as
> כמוהו kmwhw
> כמה kmh: like, just as
> like that,
> and [someone] brought [it into the public domain]
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> והוציאו whwṣyˀw
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> and [someone] brought [it into the public domain]
> in a war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> he is guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> he is obligated
> of
> על ˁl: on, upon
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, upon
> for
> a mistake.
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> a sin-offering.

> Shabbat 7:3.a

#### Shabbat 7:3.b

> Encrypted: But all things where it is not proper and practicable to keep them secret, and it was not possible to keep them secret like that, and someone brought it into the public domain in a war, they are not guilty of a mistake, except for the one who had tried to make it a secret.

> Official: But all things which are not proper and practicable to deposit away, and it was not possible to deposit them like that, and someone brought it into the public domain on Sabbath, they are not obligated for an offering, except for the one who had tried to deposit it.

> But all [things]
> כל kl: all
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all
> But all [things]
> where [it is] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינו šˀynw
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> which [are] not
> proper [and practicable]
> כשר kšr: fit, proper
> כשר kšr
> כשר kšr: fit, proper
> proper [and practicable]
> to [keep them] secret,
> ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
> להצניע lhṣnyˁ
> ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> to deposit away,
> and [it was] not [possible]
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [it was] not [possible]
> to [keep them] secret
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
> מצניעין mṣnyˁyn
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> to deposit [them]
> like that,
> כמה kmh: like, just as
> כמוהו kmwhw
> כמה kmh: like, just as
> like that,
> and [someone] brought [it into the public domain]
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> והוציאו whwṣyˀw
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> and [someone] brought [it into the public domain]
> in a war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> [they are] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [they are] not
> guilty [of a mistake],
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> obligated [for an offering],
> except for
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except for
> [the one who had tried to make it] a secret.
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
> המצניעו hmṣnyˁw
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> [the one who had tried] to deposit [it].

> Shabbat 7:3.b

### Sexual acts with young boys must be kept secret, even if relatively chaste.

#### Shabbat 7:4.a

> Encrypted: Things better kept secret are: Desirous pleasures, as in entering the orifices of a young man. Harlotry, as in entering the orifices of an adolescent. Naked pleasures, as in entering the orifices of a young man. Satisfying pleasures, as in entering the orifices of an adolescent.

> Official: Things proper to deposit away are: Straw, as of a quantity of a mouthful of a cow. Wood, as of a quantity of a mouthful of a camel. Sheaves, as of a quantity of a mouthful of a lamb. Grass, as of a quantity of a mouthful of a young goat kid.

> [Things better kept] secret [are]:
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> [Things proper] to deposit away [are]:
> Desirous [pleasures],
> ת־ t-: of; בעיון bˁywn: seeking, desire; בעי bˁy: male homosexual
> תבן tbn
> תבן tbn: straw, stubble
> Straw,
> as in entering
> כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
> כמלא kmlˀ
> כ־ k-: as; מלא mlˀ: quantity
> as of a quantity
> the orifices
> פה ph: orifice
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth
> of a mouthful
> of a young man.
> עופר ˁwpr: young animal, youth, strong man
> פרה prh
> פרה prh: cow
> of a cow.
> Harlotry,
> יצא yṣˀ: discharge; יצאנות yṣˀnwt: harlotry, prostitution
> עצה ˁṣh
> עצה ˁṣh: wood
> Wood,
> as in entering
> כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
> כמלא kmlˀ
> כ־ k-: like; מלא mlˀ: quantity
> as of a quantity
> the orifices
> פה ph: orifice
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth
> of a mouthful
> of an adolescent.
> כמיל kmyl: adolescent, teenager, adult
> גמל gml
> גמל gml: camel
> of a camel.
> Naked [pleasures],
> מער mˁr: nakedness, bareness
> עמיר ˁmyr
> עמר ˁmr: sheaf, bind sheaves
> Sheaves,
> as in entering
> כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
> כמלא kmlˀ
> כ־ k-: as; מלא mlˀ: quantity
> as of a quantity
> the orifices
> פה ph: orifice
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth
> of a mouthful
> of a young man.
> טלי ṭly: tender, young, young man, servant
> טלה ṭlh
> טלי ṭly: lamb
> of a lamb.
> Satisfying [pleasures],
> שבע šbˁ: satisfy, surfeit, glut
> עשבים ˁšbym
> עשב ˁšb: grass
> Grass,
> as in entering
> כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
> כמלא kmlˀ
> כ־ k-: like; מלא mlˀ: quantity
> as of a quantity
> the orifices
> פה ph: orifice
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth
> of a mouthful
> of an adolescent.
> גדודו gdwdw: youth, adolescence
> גדי gdy
> גדי gdy: young goat, kid
> of a young goat kid.

> Shabbat 7:4.a

#### Shabbat 7:4.b

> Encrypted: About any form of getting laid and about shaking off: Even if they are befitting of a nobleman and are relatively chaste, they will still be seen as entering the orifices of an adolescent.

> Official: About garlic and about onions: If they are fit for pouring down the throat, and are dry, they count as of a quantity of a mouthful of a young goat.

> About [any form of]
> על ˁl: on, about
> עלי ˁly
> על ˁl: on, about
> About
> [getting?] laid [?]
> שום šwm: put, place, laid
> שום šwm
> שום šwm: garlic
> garlic
> and about
> על ˁl: on, about
> ועלי wˁly
> על ˁl: on, about
> and about
> shaking off:
> בזל bzl: sprinkle, shaking
> בצלים bṣlym
> בצל bṣl: onion
> onions:
> [Even if they] are befitting
> לחם lḥm: fit, fitting
> לחים lḥym
> לחם lḥm: fit, fitting
> [If they] are fit
> of a nobleman
> כ־ k-: as; גרגרא grgrˀ: nobility, aristocracy
> כגרוגרת kgrwgrt
> כ־ k-: as; גרגר grgr: pour down the throat, gargle
> for pouring down the throat [?],
> [and are relatively] chaste,
> בוש bwš: chaste
> יבשים ybšym
> יבש ybš: dry
> [and are] dry,
> [they will still be seen] as entering
> כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
> כמלא kmlˀ
> כ־ k-: like; מלא mlˀ: quantity
> [they count] as of a quantity
> the orifices
> פה ph: orifice
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth
> of a mouthful
> of an adolescent.
> גדודו gdwdw: youth, adolescence
> גדי gdy
> גדי gdy: young goat
> of a young goat.

> Shabbat 7:4.b

### Relations of noblemen may be public for equal ranks, except for the sexual part.

#### Shabbat 7:4.c

> Encrypted: And people can not simply be joined this one with that one, because they are not equal in rank of office. If one brings out such a revelation as an aristocrat, he is guilty.

> Official: But they can not be combined this one with that one, because they are not equal in measure. If one brings out food fit for pouring down the throat, he is guilty.

> And [people can] not [simply]
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> But [they can] not
> be joined
> מ־ m-: of; צרף / צטרף ṣrp / ṣṭrp: join, combine
> מצטרפין mṣṭrpyn
> מ־ m-: of; צרף / צטרף ṣrp / ṣṭrp: join, combine
> be combined
> this [one]
> זה zh: this, that
> זה zh
> זה zh: this, that
> this [one]
> with
> עם ˁm: with
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> with
> that [one],
> זה zh: this, that
> זה zh
> זה zh: this, that
> that [one],
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> [they are] not
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> [they are] not
> equal
> שו šw: equality
> שוו šww
> שו šw: equality
> equal
> in [rank of] office.
> ב־ b-: in; שררה šrrh: authority, office
> בשעוריהן bšˁwryhn
> ב־ b-: in; שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
> in measure.
> [If one] brings out
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [If one] brings out
> [such] a revelation
> גלא glˀ: reveal
> אכלים ˀklym
> אכל ˀkl: eat, food
> food
> as an aristocrat,
> כ־ k-: as; גרגרא grgrˀ: nobility, aristocracy
> כגרוגרת kgrwgrt
> כ־ k-: as; גרגר grgr: pour down the throat, gargle
> [fit?] for pouring down the throat [?],
> [he] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> [he] is guilty.

> Shabbat 7:4.c

#### Shabbat 7:4.d

> Encrypted: But some people can publicly be joined this one with that one, because they are equal in rank of office, except of course for the rubbing away, and the adultery, and the pricking, and the desires, and the debauchery.

> Official: But some fruits can be combined this one with that one, because they are equal in measure, except of course for the peels, and the stones, and the stalks, and the bran, and the coarse bran.

> But [some people can publicly] be joined
> מ־ m-: of; צרף / צטרף ṣrp / ṣṭrp: join, combine
> ומצטרפין wmṣṭrpyn
> מ־ m-: of; צרף / צטרף ṣrp / ṣṭrp: join, combine
> But [some fruits can] be combined
> this [one]
> זה zh: this, that
> זה zh
> זה zh: this, that
> this [one]
> with
> עם ˁm: with
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> with
> that [one],
> זה zh: this, that
> זה zh
> זה zh: this, that
> that [one],
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> [they] are equal
> ש־ š-: which; שו šw: equality
> ששוו ššww
> ש־ š-: which; שו šw: equality
> [they] are equal
> in [rank of] office,
> ב־ b-: in; שררה šrrh: authority, office
> בשעוריהן bšˁwryhn
> ב־ b-: in; שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
> in measure,
> except [of course] for
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> except [of course] for
> the rubbing away,
> מ־ m-: of; קלף qlp: rub away
> מקלפיהן mqlpyhn
> מ־ m-: of; קלפה qlph: shell, peel
> the peels,
> and the adultery,
> גירין gyryn: adultery
> וגרעיניהן wgrˁynyhn
> גרעין grˁyn: stone, kernel
> and the stones,
> and the pricking,
> עקץ ˁqṣ: sting, prick
> ועקציהן wˁqṣyhn
> עקץ ˁqṣ: stalk
> and the stalks,
> and the desires,
> צביון ṣbywn: desire, pleasure
> וסבן wsbn
> סובין swbyn: bran-flour
> and the bran,
> and the debauchery.
> מ־ m-: of; רעשון rˁšwn: debauchery
> ומרסנן wmrsnn
> מרסן mrsn: crushed grain, coarse bran
> and the coarse bran.

> Shabbat 7:4.d

#### Shabbat 7:4.e

> Encrypted: Rabbi Yehudah says: They can be publicly joined, except for the rubbing away in coitus, and only when they are otherwise mature about it.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: They can be combined, except for the peels of lentils when they are boiled together with them.

> Rabbi
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [They can be publicly joined], except for
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> [They can be combined], except for
> the rubbing away
> מ־ m-: of; קלף qlp: rub away
> מקלפי mqlpy
> מ־ m-: of; קלפה qlph: shell, peel
> the peels
> in coitus,
> דישה dyšh: coitus, friction
> עדשים ˁdšym
> עדשה ˁdšh: lentil
> of lentils [??]
> [and only] when they are [otherwise] mature
> ש־ š-: which; מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripe, mature
> שמתבשלות šmtbšlwt
> ש־ š-: which; מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: boiled
> when they are boiled [together]
> about it.
> עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
> עמהן ˁmhn
> עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
> with them.

> Shabbat 7:4.e

### Oral sex, role-play, rape, sadism, group-sex are forbidden in public.

#### Shabbat 8:1.a

> Encrypted: Bringing out desires is forbidden when it involves copulation and drinking it. Milking when it involves swallowing. Sexual arousal when it is to give a close pounding to someone. Sexual intercourse when it involves sticking in a certain limb of the genital area. Sexual desires when one is to rub with them the rabble.

> Official: Bringing out wine is forbidden as of when it is of the measure cleared in a drinking cup. Milk as of when it is of the measure that is sipped. Honey as of when it is of the measure to place on a wound when struck. Oil as of when it is of the measure to pour on a limb that is small. Water as of when it is of the measure to rub with them a collyrium eye salve.

> Bringing out
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> Bringing out
> desires [is forbidden]
> יען yˁn: desire
> יין yyn
> יין yyn: wine
> wine [is forbidden]
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> [as of] when [it is of the measure]
> [it involves] copulation
> מ־ m-: of; זוג zwg: mate, copulate, have sexual relations
> מזיגת mzygt
> מ־ m-: of; זוג zwg: clear
> cleared
> [and] drinking [it??].
> כוס kws: drink, cup
> הכוס hkws
> כוס kws: drink, cup
> [in] a drinking cup.
> Milking [??]
> חלב ḥlb: milk
> חלב ḥlb
> חלב ḥlb: milk
> Milk
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> [as of] when [it is of the measure]
> [it involves] swallowing.
> גמיעה gmyˁh: sipping, swallowing, gulping
> גמיעה gmyˁh
> גמיעה gmyˁh: sipping, swallowing, gulping
> that is sipped.
> [Sexual] arousal
> תפש tpš: arouse
> דבש dbš
> דבש dbš: honey
> Honey
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> [as of] when [it is of the measure]
> [it is] to give
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: give, put, place
> לתן ltn
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: give, put, place
> to place
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> a close pounding [to someone].
> כתת ktt: join closely, be grouped, press, pound
> הכתית hktyt
> כתת ktt: strike, beat
> [a wound when] struck [?].
> Sexual intercourse
> זמן zmn: have sexual intercourse
> שמן šmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> Oil
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> [as of] when [it is of the measure]
> [it involves] sticking in
> ל־ l-: to; סכך skk: to stick in, nail
> לסוך lswk
> ל־ l-: to; סוך swk: pour, anoint
> to pour
> [a certain] limb
> אבר ˀbr: penis
> אבר ˀbr
> אבר ˀbr: limb
> [on] a limb
> of the genital area.
> קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
> קטן qṭn
> קטן qṭn: small
> that is small.
> [Sexual] desires [?]
> מאוה mˀwh: desired; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> Water
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> [as of] when [it is of the measure]
> [one is] to rub
> ל־ l-: to; שוף šwp: smooth, rub, grind
> לשוף lšwp
> ל־ l-: to; שוף šwp: smooth, rub, grind
> to rub
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
> בהם bhm
> ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
> with them
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the rabble.
> גלירא glyrˀ: galearius, soldier’s servant, rabble, lowest class of people
> הקילור hqylwr
> קילור qylwr: collyrium, eye-salve
> a collyrium eye salve.

> Shabbat 8:1.a

#### Shabbat 8:1.b

> Encrypted: As for the rest, all desires with disturbing practices. All knocking up with disturbing practices. Lord Shimon says: Simply all with disturbing practices. It is appropriate to say: All bodily intimacies these are only allowed if they are secret.

> Official: As for the rest, all as of a quarter of a log. as of a quarter of a log. All waste water to be spilled out as of a quarter of a log. Rabbi Shimon says: Simply all as of a quarter of a log. It is appropriate to say: All measures these are only allowed if they are deposited like that.

> As for the rest,
> שאר šˀr: remain, rest
> ושאר wšˀr
> שאר šˀr: remain, rest
> As for the rest,
> all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all
> desires
> מ־ m-: of; שוק šwq: desire, longing, yearning
> המשקין hmšqyn
> מ־ m-: of; שקה šqh: drink, water
> [as of] a quarter [of a log].
> with disturbing [practices].
> ב־ b-: with; רהיב rhyb: disturbed, awful, appalling
> ברביעית brbyˁyt
> ב־ b-: with; רביע rbyˁ: fourth, quarter
> [as of] a quarter [of a log].
> All
> כל kl: all
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all
> All
> knocking up
> ספק spq: strike, knock
> השופכין hšwpkyn
> שפך špk: pour out, spill, empty
> [waste water] to be spilled out
> with disturbing [practices].
> ב־ b-: with; רהיב rhyb: disturbed, awful, appalling
> ברביעית brbyˁyt
> ב־ b-: with; רביע rbyˁ: fourth, quarter
> [as of] a quarter [of a log].
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Shimon
> שמעון šmˁwn: Shimon
> שמעון šmˁwn
> שמעון šmˁwn: Shimon
> Shimon
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [Simply] all
> כלן kln: all
> כלן kln
> כלן kln: all
> [Simply] all
> with disturbing [practices].
> ב־ b-: with; רהיב rhyb: disturbed, awful, appalling
> ברביעית brbyˁyt
> ב־ b-: with; רביע rbyˁ: fourth, quarter
> [as of] a quarter [of a log].
> [It is] appropriate [?]
> ולא wlˀ: fit, appropriate
> ולא wlˀ
> ולא wlˀ: fit, appropriate
> [It is] appropriate [?]
> to say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמרו ˀmrw
> אמר ˀmr: say
> to say:
> All
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All
> bodily intimacies
> שאר šˀr: flesh, bodily contact, intimacy
> השעורין hšˁwryn
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
> measures
> these
> אלו ˀlw: these, the following
> הללו hllw
> אלו ˀlw: these, the following
> these
> [are] only [allowed]
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> [are] only [allowed]
> [if they] are secret.
> ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret; הן hn: they
> למצניעיהן lmṣnyˁyhn
> ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit; הן hn: they
> [if] they are deposited [like that].

> Shabbat 8:1.b

#### Shabbat 8:2.a

> Encrypted: It is forbidden to bring out practices involving injury, when it is committing adultery that is forced. Acts of swallowing, when it is done with it hanging out for squirting or for flowing. Lord Yehudah says: When it involves sucking from the rod of the tormented genital organ.

> Official: It is forbidden to bring out a rope, when the measure is that of making an ear shaped handle of a basket. Reed-grass, when the measure is that of making a hanger for a sieve or for a sifter. Rabbi Yehudah says: When the measure is that of the patching of a measure of the shoe of a young child.

> [It is forbidden] to bring out
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [It is forbidden] to bring out
> [practices involving] injury [?],
> חבל ḥbl: wound, damage, injury
> חבל ḥbl
> חבל ḥbl: rope, cord
> a rope,
> when
> כדי kdy: when, in order to
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when, in order to
> when
> [it is] committing
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] making
> adultery
> זני zny: adultery, fornication
> אזן ˀzn
> אזן ˀzn: ear
> an ear [shaped handle???]
> that is forced [?].
> ל־ l-: to; כפה kph: subdue, force, compel
> לקפה lqph
> ל־ l-: to; קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
> of a basket.
> [Acts of] swallowing,
> גמי gmy: swallow, quaff
> גמי gmy
> גמי gmy: reed-grass
> Reed-grass,
> when
> כדי kdy: when, in order to
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when, in order to
> when
> [it is] done
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] making
> [with it] hanging [out]
> תלא tlˀ: hang, suspend
> תלאי tlˀy
> תלא tlˀ: hang, suspend
> a hanger
> for squirting
> ל־ l-: for; נפע npˁ: blow, squirt into the mouth
> לנפה lnph
> ל־ l-: for; נפה nph: sift, sieve
> for a sieve
> or for flowing.
> ל־ l-: for; קבר qbr: swell up, overflow
> ולכברה wlkbrh
> ל־ l-: for; כבר kbr: sift
> or for a sifter.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> When
> כדי kdy: when, in order to
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when, in order to
> When
> [it involves] sucking
> ל־ l-: to; טלע ṭlˁ: pull at, suck at
> לטל lṭl
> ל־ l-: to; טלא ṭlˀ: hang on, patch
> [the measure is that of] the patching
> from
> מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
> ממנו mmnw
> מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
> of
> the rod
> מטה mṭh: stick, rod, staff
> מדת mdt
> מדה mdh: measure, rule, principle
> a measure
> of the tormented [?]
> מ־ m-: of; נול nwl: tormented, disgraced
> מנעל mnˁl
> מ־ m-: of; נעל nˁl: shoe
> of the shoe
> genital organ.
> ל־ l-: for; קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
> לקטן lqṭn
> ל־ l-: for; קטן qṭn: young, small
> of a young [child].

> Shabbat 8:2.a

#### Shabbat 8:2.b

> Encrypted: Shameful practices, when it involves submission to bound sexual chastisement. Bringing out bound sexual chastisement, one is then guilty of a real mistake. Shameful practices with imitating roles, when it is combined by theory with a penetration of the genitals of the kind with discharge.

> Official: Paper, when the measure is that of the writing on a document of taxation. Bringing out the document of taxation itself, one is then is obligated for an offering Paper with erased writings, when the measure is that of wrapper paper by theory around a bottle that is small of perfume.

> Shameful [practices],
> נור nwr: ashamed; נורא nwrˀ: dreadful, terrible
> ניר nyr
> ניר nyr: papyrus, paper
> Paper,
> when
> כדי kdy: when, in order to
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when, in order to
> when
> [it involves] submission [?]
> ל־ l-: to; כדב kdb: false, submissive, subjugated
> לכתב lktb
> ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write, document
> [the measure is that of] the writing
> to
> על ˁl: on
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on
> on
> bound [?]
> קשר qšr: bind, tie, arrange
> קשר qšr
> קשר qšr: folded document
> a document
> [sexual] chastisement [?].
> מכסן mksn: chastise, chastised
> מוכסין mwksyn
> מכסן mksn: pay; מכס mks: tax, toll
> of taxation.
> Bringing out
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> והמוציא whmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> Bringing out
> bound [?]
> קשר qšr: bind, tie, arrange
> קשר qšr
> קשר qšr: folded document
> the document
> [sexual] chastisement [?],
> מכסן mksn: chastise, chastised
> מוכסין mwksyn
> מכסן mksn: pay; מכס mks: tax, toll
> of taxation [itself],
> [one is then] guilty [of a real mistake].
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> [one is then] is obligated [for an offering]
> Shameful [practices]
> נור nwr: ashamed; נורא nwrˀ: dreadful, terrible
> ניר nyr
> ניר nyr: papyrus, paper
> Paper
> [with] imitating [roles?],
> מחקה mḥqh: imitated, imitator
> מחוק mḥwq
> מחק mḥq: erased place, erasure
> [with] erased [writings],
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] combined
> ל־ l-: to; כרך krk: combined action, simultaneously
> לכרך lkrk
> ל־ l-: to; כרך krk: wrap, surround
> [the measure is that of] wrapper [paper]
> by
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> by
> theory
> פה ph: word, speech
> פי py
> פה ph: word, speech
> theory
> with a penetration
> צלח ṣlḥ: split, break through, penetrate
> צלוחית ṣlwḥyt
> צלוחית ṣlwḥyt: bottle, flask
> [around] a bottle
> of the genitals
> קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
> קטנה qṭnh
> קטן qṭn: small
> that is small
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the [kind with] discharge.
> פלוט plwṭ: discharged, ejected; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> פליטון plyṭwn
> פוליטון pwlyṭwn: foliatum, perfume
> perfume.

> Shabbat 8:2.b

#### Shabbat 8:3.a

> Encrypted: The penis, when it involves making it to squeeze it. Rubbing away, when joining into debauchery with the genitals which is in the frivolity of it submitting to sexual perversion.

> Official: Animal skins, when the measure is that of making an amulet. Parchment, when the measure is that of writing on it a section that is small which is like in the prayers of it the prayer Shema Israel.

> The penis [?],
> אירא ˀyrˀ: penis
> עור ˁwr
> עור ˁwr: skin, hide
> [Animal] skins,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it involves] making
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] making
> [it] to squeeze [it?].
> קמע qmˁ: bind, tie up, squeeze
> קמע qmˁ
> קמיע qmyˁ: amulet
> an amulet.
> Rubbing away,
> קלף qlp: rub away
> קלף qlp
> קלף qlp: peel, parchment
> Parchment,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> joining
> ל־ l-: to; כתף ktp: join
> לכתב lktb
> ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write, compose
> [the measure is that of] writing
> into
> על ˁl: on, upon
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, upon
> on it
> debauchery
> פרץ prṣ: lustful, debauchery
> פרשה pršh
> פרשה pršh: section
> a section
> [with] the genitals [?]
> קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
> קטנה qṭnh
> קטן qṭn: small
> that is small
> which is in the frivolity
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; תפלה tplh: frivolity, indecency
> שבתפלין šbtplyn
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
> which is [like] in the prayers
> of it
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
> שהיא šhyˀ
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
> of it
> submitting to [?]
> שמע šmˁ: obey, submit to authority, sex slave
> שמע šmˁ
> שמע šmˁ: Shema
> the prayer Shema
> sexual perversion [?].
> איסור ˀyswr: sexual; עול ˁwl: perversion
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> Israel.

> Shabbat 8:3.a

#### Shabbat 8:3.b

> Encrypted: Inflicting pain, when joining two gratifiers. Having a sexual assembly, when it is to assemble a group for sexual desires as one.

> Official: Ink, when writing two letters. Eye paint, when the measure is that to paint an eye one.

> [Inflicting] pain [?],
> דוי dwy: affliction, feel pain, groan
> דיו dyw
> דיו dyw: fluid, writing ink
> Ink,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> joining
> ל־ l-: to; כתף ktp: join
> לכתב lktb
> ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write, compose
> writing
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> gratifiers.
> אות ˀwt: pleased, gratified, enjoy
> אותיות ˀwtywt
> אות ˀwt: writing, letter
> letters.
> [Having a sexual] assembly,
> קהל qhl: congregation, assembly
> כחל kḥl
> כחל kḥl: paint the eyes
> Eye paint,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to assemble [a group]
> ל־ l-: to; קהל qhl: congregation, assembly
> לכחל lkḥl
> ל־ l-: to; כחל kḥl: paint the eyes
> [the measure is that] to paint
> [for sexual] desires
> יען yˁn: desire, desirous
> עין ˁyn
> עין ˁyn: eye
> an eye
> [as] one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one.

> Shabbat 8:3.b

### Taking out the penis is forbidden.

#### Shabbat 8:4.a

> Encrypted: It is forbidden to bring out that special appendage, when it involves placing the top for rubbing. The special “stick” and the genitals, when it is to do a perforating of other people. The smooth, soft organ, when it is for putting it in the opening of a hole in the genitals.

> Official: It is forbidden to bring out glue, when the measure is that of placing it on the top of a branch. Tar and sulphur, when the measure is that of making a hole and sealing it. Wax, when the measure is that of putting it on the opening of a hole that is small.

> [It is forbidden to bring out that special] appendage,
> דבק dbq: joining, appendage
> דבק dbq
> דבק dbq: glue, paste
> [It is forbidden to bring out] glue,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it involves] placing
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> לתן ltn
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> [the measure is that of] placing [it]
> the top [?]
> ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: head, top
> בראש brˀš
> ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: head, top
> on the top
> for rubbing.
> שפשף špšp: rub against
> השבשבת hšbšbt
> שבשבה šbšbh: branch, shoot
> of a branch.
> [The special] “stick”
> זפתא zptˀ: pin, hammer, stick
> זפת zpt
> זפת zpt: pitch, tar
> Tar
> and the genitals,
> גברותא gbrwtˀ: genitals, male sexual organs
> וגפרית wgpryt
> גפרית gpryt: sulphur
> and sulphur,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to do
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] making
> a perforating [of other people].
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
> נקב nqb
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
> a hole [and sealing it??].
> The smooth, soft [organ?],
> שוע šwˁ: smooth, soft
> שעוה šˁwh
> שעוה šˁwh: wax, gum
> Wax,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is for] putting [it]
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> לתן ltn
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> [the measure is that of] putting [it]
> in
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> the opening
> פה ph: mouth, opening
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth, opening
> the opening
> of a hole
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
> נקב nqb
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
> of a hole
> in the genitals.
> קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
> קטן qṭn
> קטן qṭn: small
> that is small.

> Shabbat 8:4.a

#### Shabbat 8:4.b

> Encrypted: The prickly stinger, when it is to act in an opening that is narrow, of a union of the emotional kind. Lord Yehudah says: When it is to act in the talking organ. The pleasure organ, when it is for putting it in the opening that is narrow, of a union of the emotional kind.

> Official: Potsherds, when the measure is that of making an opening in the bellows of a smelting vessel for gold. Rabbi Yehudah says: When the measure is that of making a tripod. Bran-flour, when the measure is that of putting it on the opening of the bellows of a smelting vessel for gold.

> The prickly stinger [??],
> חרז ḥrz: pierce, sting, perforate; חרזי ḥrzy: prickly
> חרסית ḥrsyt
> חרס ḥrs: clay, potsherd
> Potsherds,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to act
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] making
> [in] an opening
> פה ph: mouth, opening
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth, opening
> an opening
> that is narrow [?],
> כור kwr: warm, narrow
> כור kwr
> כורא kwrˀ: bellows
> [in] the bellows [??]
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> a union
> צרף ṣrp: join, combine, unite
> צורפי ṣwrpy
> צרף ṣrp: smelt, refine
> a smelting [vessel]
> of the emotional [kind].
> זחף zḥp: incite; זוחף zwḥp: incitement, emotion
> זהב zhb
> זהב zhb: gold
> [for] gold.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> When
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> When
> [it is] to act
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] making
> [in] the talking [organ?].
> פטפט pṭpṭ: talk, prattle, chatter
> פטפוט pṭpwṭ
> פטפוט pṭpwṭ: leg of a tripod
> a tripod [??].
> The pleasure [organ?],
> צבין ṣbyn: desire, pleasure
> סבין sbyn
> סובין swbyn: bran-flour
> Bran-flour,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is for] putting [it]
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> לתן ltn
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> [the measure is that of] putting [it]
> in
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> the opening
> פה ph: mouth, opening
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth, opening
> the opening
> that is narrow [?],
> כור kwr: warm, narrow
> כור kwr
> כורא kwrˀ: bellows
> of the bellows [??]
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> a union
> צרף ṣrp: join, combine, unite
> צורפי ṣwrpy
> צרף ṣrp: smelt, refine
> a smelting [vessel]
> of the emotional [kind].
> זחף zḥp: incite; זוחף zwḥp: incitement, emotion
> זהב zhb
> זהב zhb: gold
> [for] gold.

> Shabbat 8:4.b

#### Shabbat 8:4.c

> Encrypted: The intimate organ, when it is to satisfy small “girls”. Lord Yehudah says: when it is to be used for sexual sinning. Lord Nehemiah says: when it is to be used to blow away with it.

> Official: Lime, when the measure is that of plastering small girls. Rabbi Yehudah says: when the measure is that of using it on the front hair. Rabbi Nehemiah says: when the measure is that of using it to make disappear hair.

> The intimate [organ?],
> סוד swd: secret, intimate union; סודא swdˀ: satisfaction
> סיד syd
> סוד swd: lime, plaster
> Lime,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to satisfy
> ל־ l-: to; סוד swd: secret, intimate union; סודא swdˀ: satisfaction
> לסוד lswd
> ל־ l-: to; סוד swd: lime, plaster
> [the measure is that of] plastering
> small
> קטן qṭn: small
> קטנה qṭnh
> קטן qṭn: small
> small
> “girls”.
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; בנות bnwt: daughters, maidens
> שבבנות šbbnwt
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; בנות bnwt: daughters, maidens
> girls [???].
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to be used
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] using [it]
> [for sexual] sinning.
> קלקול qlqwl: spoiling, sin
> כלכול klkwl
> כלכול klkwl: front hair
> on the front hair.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Nehemiah
> נחמיה nḥmyh: Nehemiah
> נחמיה nḥmyh
> נחמיה nḥmyh: Nehemiah
> Nehemiah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to be used
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] using [it]
> to blow away [with it].
> נדף ndp: scatter, blow, blow away
> אנדיפי ˀndypy
> נדף ndp: disappear, vanish
> to make disappear [hair??].

> Shabbat 8:4.c

#### Shabbat 8:5.a

> Encrypted: The male organ, as of employing it in joining tighly with another. These are the words of lord Akiva. And the advisors say: As of employing it as a staff.

> Official: Earth, as of a measure for sealing the pavement. These are the words of rabbi Akiva. And the advisors say: As of a measure for sealing letters.

> The male organ,
> הדמא hdmˀ: member, limb, male organ
> אדמה ˀdmh
> אדמה ˀdmh: earth
> Earth,
> as of employing [it]
> כ־ k-: as; חדם ḥdm: employ
> כחותם kḥwtm
> כ־ k-: as; חתם ḥtm: seal
> as of [a measure for] sealing
> [in] joining tighly [with another].
> מ־ m-: of; רצף rṣp: join, draw tightly together, connect tightly
> המרצופים hmrṣwpym
> מ־ m-: of; רצף rṣp: press, squashed, pave
> the pavement.
> [These are] the words
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> [These are] the words
> of lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> of rabbi
> Akiva.
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva.
> And the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> As of employing [it]
> כ־ k-: as; חדם ḥdm: employ
> כחותם kḥwtm
> כ־ k-: as; חתם ḥtm: seal
> As of [a measure for] sealing
> [as] a staff.
> אגר ˀgr: staff, pole
> האגרות hˀgrwt
> אגר ˀgr: letter
> letters.

> Shabbat 8:5.a

#### Shabbat 8:5.b

> Encrypted: The hanging organ or piercing organ that is so thin, when it is to be stretched into a stem of ploughing into someone. These are the words of lord Akiva. And the advisors say: When it is to be stretched into the bodily cavities. The piercing organ that is vulgar, when it is being put to fill a cavity of the intimate kind.

> Official: Manure and sand that is fine, when the measure is that of fertilizing a stem of cabbage. These are the words of rabbi Akiva. And the advisors say: When the measure is that of Sand that is coarse, when the measure is that of being put on a full spoon of plaster.

> The hanging [organ]
> שבל šbl: hang down, stretch along, dangle
> זבל zbl
> זבל zbl: fertilize, manure
> Manure
> or piercing [organ]
> חלל ḥll: pierce, perforate
> וחל wḥl
> חל ḥl: sand
> and sand
> that is so thin,
> דק dq: thin, fine
> הדק hdq
> דק dq: thin, fine
> that is fine,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to be stretched
> ל־ l-: to; שבל šbl: hang down, stretch along, dangle
> לזבל lzbl
> ל־ l-: to; זבל zbl: fertilize, manure
> [the measure is that of] fertilizing
> [into] a stem [?]
> קלח qlḥ: stem, stalk
> קלח qlḥ
> קלח qlḥ: stem, stalk
> a stem [?]
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> ploughing [into someone].
> כרב krb: plough
> כרוב krwb
> כרב krb: cabbage
> cabbage [??].
> [These are] the words
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> [These are] the words
> of lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> of rabbi
> Akiva.
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva.
> And the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> When
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> When
> [it is] to be stretched
> ל־ l-: to; שבל šbl: hang down, stretch along, dangle
> לזבל lzbl
> ל־ l-: to; זבל zbl: fertilize, manure
> [the measure is that of]
> [into] the bodily cavities.
> כרסא krsˀ: abdomen, bowels, bodily cavities
> כרשא kršˀ
> כרישא kryšˀ: leek
> The piercing [organ]
> חלל ḥll: pierce, perforate
> חל ḥl
> חל ḥl: sand
> Sand
> that is vulgar,
> גס gs: vulgar
> הגס hgs
> גס gs: coarse
> that is coarse,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] being put
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> לתן ltn
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> [the measure is that of] being put
> to
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> fill
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> מלא mlˀ
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> a full
> a cavity
> כפה kph: vault, cavity
> כף kp
> כף kp: spoon
> spoon
> of the intimate [kind].
> סוד swd: intimate union; סודא swdˀ: desire, satisfaction
> סיד syd
> סוד swd: lime, plaster
> of plaster.

> Shabbat 8:5.b

#### Shabbat 8:5.c

> Encrypted: The penis, when is to act as a scribal pen on someone. And if it is thick & large or sprinkling, when it is to sprinkle with it a crack that is small, which is a crack to be pounded and put on to be joined to.

> Official: Reed, when the measure is that of making a scribal pen. And if it is too thick & large or broken, when the measure is that of boiling with it an egg for roasting, which is an egg to be mixed and put in a pan.

> The penis,
> קנה qnh: penis
> קנה qnh
> קנה qnh: reed, stalk
> Reed,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> is to act [as]
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] making
> a scribal pen [on someone].
> קולמוס qwlmws: kalamos, scribal pen, writing pen
> קלמוס qlmws
> קולמוס qwlmws: kalamos, scribal pen, writing pen
> a scribal pen.
> And if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And if
> it is
> היה hyh: be
> היה hyh
> היה hyh: be
> it is
> thick & large
> עב ˁb: thick, large
> עב ˁb
> עב ˁb: thick, large
> [too] thick & large
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> sprinkling,
> מ־ m-: of; רסס rss: pound, sprinkling
> מרסס mrss
> מ־ m-: of; רסס rss: break into small pieces
> broken,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to sprinkle
> ל־ l-: to; בזל bzl: sprinkle, shaking
> לבשל lbšl
> ל־ l-: to; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
> [the measure is that of] boiling
> with it
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it
> a crack
> בוזע bwzˁ: crack, perforation
> ביצה byṣh
> ביצה byṣh: egg
> an egg
> that is small,
> קלי qly: little, small
> קלה qlh
> קלי qly: roast, burn
> [for] roasting,
> which is a crack
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; בוזע bwzˁ: crack, perforation
> שבביצים šbbyṣym
> ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; ביצה byṣh: egg
> which is an egg
> to be pounded
> טרפה ṭrph: pounding
> טרופה ṭrwph
> טרף ṭrp: beat up, mix
> to be mixed
> and put on
> נתן ntn: put, place
> ונתונה wntwnh
> נתן ntn: put, place
> and put
> to be joined to.
> ב־ b-: on; לבש lbš: envelope a body, be joined to, copulate
> באלפס bˀlps
> ב־ b-: in; אלפס ˀlps: lopas, pan, stew-pot
> in a pan.

> Shabbat 8:5.c

#### Shabbat 8:6.a

> Encrypted: The “boner”, when it is to act as a ladle. Lord Yehudah says: when it is to make of it a rubbing.

> Official: A bone, when the measure is that of making a spoon. Rabbi Yehudah says: when the measure is that of making of it a key.

> The “boner”,
> עצם ˁṣm: bone
> עצם ˁṣm
> עצם ˁṣm: bone
> A bone,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to act [as]
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] making
> a ladle.
> תרוד trwd: ladle
> תרוד trwd
> תרוד trwd: spoon
> a spoon.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to make
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [the measure is that of] making
> of it
> מ־ m-: of; מן mn: of, from; ־ו -w: him, it
> ממנו mmnw
> מ־ m-: of; מן mn: of, from; ־ו -w: him, it
> of it
> a rubbing.
> חפף ḥpp: bend over, rub, rub against
> חף ḥp
> חף ḥp: bit of a key
> a key.

> Shabbat 8:6.a

#### Shabbat 8:6.b

> Encrypted: The organ of sexual intercourse, when it is to grate with it the top of the little peg. The organ of the libido or of desire, when it is to sprinkle on a handsome beauty. Lord Eliezer bar Jacob says: when it is to sprinkle on a handsome beastie.

> Official: Glass, when the measure is that of grate with it the top of a spindle. Pebbles or stones, when the measure is that of throwing it on a bird. Rabbi Eliezer bar Jacob says: when the measure is that of throwing it on a beast.

> [The organ] of sexual intercourse,
> זקיק zqyq: sexual intercourse; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> זכוכית zkwkyt
> זכוכית zkwkyt: glass
> Glass,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to grate
> ל־ l-: to; גרר grr: grate, saw
> לגרר lgrr
> ל־ l-: to; גרר grr: grate, saw
> [the measure is that of] grate
> with it
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it
> the top
> ראש rˀš: head, top
> ראש rˀš
> ראש rˀš: head, top
> the top
> of the [little] peg.
> כרכר krkr: spindle, peg top
> הכרכר hkrkr
> כרכר krkr: spindle, peg top
> of a spindle.
> [The organ] of the libido
> יצר yṣr: desire, libido
> צרור ṣrwr
> צרור ṣrwr: little stone, pebble
> Pebbles
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> of desire,
> בענון bˁnwn: want, desire
> אבן ˀbn
> אבן ˀbn: stone
> stones,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to sprinkle
> ל־ l-: to; זרק zrq: sprinkle
> לזרק lzrq
> ל־ l-: to; זרק zrq: throw
> [the measure is that of] throwing [it]
> on a handsome beauty.
> ב־ b-: on; יפה yph: fair, handsome, beautiful
> בעוף bˁwp
> ב־ b-: on; עוף ˁwp: bird
> on a bird.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer bar Jacob
> אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb: Eliezer ben Jacob
> אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb
> אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb: Eliezer ben Jacob
> Eliezer bar Jacob
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is] to sprinkle
> ל־ l-: to; זרק zrq: sprinkle
> לזרק lzrq
> ל־ l-: to; זרק zrq: throw
> [the measure is that of] throwing [it]
> on a [handsome] beastie.
> ב־ b-: on; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> בבהמה bbhmh
> ב־ b-: on; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> on a beast.

> Shabbat 8:6.b

#### Shabbat 8:7.a

> Encrypted: The prickly stinger, when it is for placing it between a crack and his neighbor. These are the words of lord Yehudah. Lord Meir says: When it is for knocking with it into a perforation. Lord Yose says: when it is for receiving with it a coupling.

> Official: Potsherds, when the measure is that of placing it between a page and its neighbor. These are the words of rabbi Yehudah. Rabbi Meir says: When the measure is that of raking with it a fire. Rabbi Yose says: when the measure is that of receiving with it a quarter of a log.

> The prickly stinger [??],
> חרז ḥrz: pierce, sting, perforate; חרזי ḥrzy: prickly
> חרס ḥrs
> חרס ḥrs: clay, potsherd
> Potsherds,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is for] placing [it]
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> לתן ltn
> ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
> [the measure is that of] placing [it]
> between
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> between
> a crack
> פצע pṣˁ: split, crack, squeeze open
> פצים pṣym
> פצא pṣˀ: board, column, page
> a page
> and his neighbor.
> ל־ l-: to; חברא ḥbrˀ: neighbor
> לחברו lḥbrw
> ל־ l-: to; חברא ḥbrˀ: neighbor
> and its neighbor.
> [These are] the words
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> [These are] the words
> of lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> of rabbi
> Yehudah.
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Meir
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> מאיר mˀyr
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> Meir
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> When
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> When
> [it is for] knocking [?]
> ל־ l-: to; הטח hṭḥ: knock, beating
> לחתות lḥtwt
> ל־ l-: to; חתה ḥth: snatch up, rake
> [the measure is that of] raking
> with it
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it
> [into]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a perforation [?].
> אור ˀwr: perforate, break through
> האור hˀwr
> אור ˀwr: light, fire
> a fire.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is for] receiving
> ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
> לקבל lqbl
> ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
> [the measure is that of] receiving
> with it
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it
> a coupling.
> רביעה rbyˁh: coupling, mating, sodomy
> רביעית rbyˁyt
> רביע rbyˁ: fourth, quarter
> a quarter [of a log?].

> Shabbat 8:7.a

#### Shabbat 8:7.b

> Encrypted: Says lord Meir: Even though there is no evidence for this matter, there is an allusion to this matter: (Isaiah 30:14) “And not shall be found among those who seek close contact a single prickly stinger to seduce a man from the ones kindled for violence.” Says to him lord Yose: Is found from there more evidence? “And not shall be found one to get naked with the people from the exalted ones.” (same verse)

> Official: Says rabbi Meir: Even though there is no evidence for this matter, there is an allusion to this matter: (Isaiah 30:14) “And not shall be found among the crushed pieces a single sherd to rake fire from the burning hearth.” Says to him rabbi Yose: Is found from there more evidence? “And not shall be found one to draw water from the cistern.” (same verse)

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Meir:
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> מאיר mˀyr
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> Meir:
> Even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> Even though
> there is no
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> there is no
> evidence
> ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
> ראיה rˀyh
> ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
> evidence
> for this matter,
> ל־ l-: for; דבר dbr: thing, matter
> לדבר ldbr
> ל־ l-: for; דבר dbr: thing, matter
> for this matter,
> [there is] an allusion
> זכר zkr: remembrance, mnemonical allusion
> זכר zkr
> זכר zkr: remembrance, mnemonical allusion
> [there is] an allusion
> to this matter:
> ל־ l-: for; דבר dbr: thing, matter
> לדבר ldbr
> ל־ l-: for; דבר dbr: thing, matter
> to this matter:
> (Isaiah
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (ישעיה yšˁyh
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (Isaiah
> 30:14)
> ל l: 30
> ל) l
> ל l: 30
> 30:14)
> “And not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> “And not
> [shall] be found
> מצא mṣˀ: found
> ימצא ymṣˀ
> מצא mṣˀ: found
> [shall] be found
> among [those who seek?] close contact
> ב־ b-: among; מ־ m-: of; כתת ktt: join closely, come in contact, pound
> במכתתו bmkttw
> ב־ b-: among; מ־ m-: of; כתת ktt: crush, beat
> among the crushed [pieces]
> a [single] prickly stinger [??]
> חרז ḥrz: pierce, sting, perforate; חרזי ḥrzy: prickly
> חרש ḥrš
> חרש ḥrš: earthenware, potsherd
> a [single] sherd
> to seduce
> ל־ l-: to; חטי ḥṭy: sin, make someone sin; חטא ḥṭˀ: seducer
> לחתות lḥtwt
> ל־ l-: to; חתי ḥty: take coals, rake
> to rake
> a man
> איש ˀyš: man
> אש ˀš
> אש ˀš: fire
> fire
> from the [ones] kindled [for violence?].”
> מ־ m-: from; יקד yqd: kindle, burn
> מיקוד myqwd
> מ־ m-: from; יקד yqd: kindle, burn
> from the burning [hearth].”
> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> to him
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to him
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yose:
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose:
> [Is found] from there
> מ־ m-: from; שם šm: there
> משם mšm
> מ־ m-: from; שם šm: there
> [Is found] from there
> [more] evidence?
> ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
> ראיה rˀyh
> ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
> [more] evidence?
> “And [not shall be found one] to get naked
> ל־ l-: to; חשף ḥšp: strip, lay bare, make naked
> ולחשף wlḥšp
> ל־ l-: to; חשף ḥšp: draw water
> “And [not shall be found one] to draw
> [with] the people
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water
> from the exalted [ones].”
> מ־ m-: from; גבה gbh: high, exalted
> מגבא mgbˀ
> מ־ m-: from; גבא gbˀ: pond, cistern
> from the cistern.”
> (same verse)
> שם šm: there
> (שם) šm
> שם šm: there
> (same verse)

> Shabbat 8:7.b

## Stirring hatred & violence

### In war, foreign populaces must be made abominable.

#### Shabbat 9:1.a

> Encrypted: Says lord Akiva: From where does it come that the servants of a foreign land that they must be made abominable with the people being deceived, like a loathed thing? Of that it is said: (Isaiah 30:22) “You will loathe them like a sickness. Go out! you will say to them.”

> Official: Says rabbi Akiva: From where does it come that the idol statue of a foreign god that it makes unclean with the people carrying it, like a woman's menstruation? Of that it is said: (Isaiah 30:22) “You will throw them the idol statues away like you would a menstruating woman. Go out! you will say to them.”

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Akiva:
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva:
> From where [does it come that]
> מנין mnyn: from where
> מנין mnyn
> מנין mnyn: from where
> From where [does it come that]
> the servants
> ל־ l-: to; עבודה ˁbwdh: work, labor, service
> לעבודה lˁbwdh
> ל־ l-: to; עבודה ˁbwdh: worship, idolatry, idol
> the idol [statue]
> of a foreign [land]
> זר zr: foreign, stranger
> זרה zrh
> זר zr: foreign, stranger
> of a foreign [god]
> that they
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
> שהיא šhyˀ
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
> that it
> [must be made] abominable
> מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: abomination
> מטמאה mṭmˀh
> מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: defile, unclean
> [makes] unclean
> with [the people] being deceived,
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: deceive, beguile
> במשא bmšˀ
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: lift, carry
> with [the people] carrying [it],
> like a loathed [thing]?
> כ־ k-: as, like; נדה ndh: contempt, scorn; נדד ndd: despised, loathing
> כנדה kndh
> כ־ k-: as, like; נדה ndh: menstruation
> like [a woman's] menstruation?
> Of that it is said:
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> Of that it is said:
> (Isaiah
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (ישעיה yšˁyh
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (Isaiah
> 30:22)
> ל l: 30
> ל) l
> ל l: 30
> 30:22)
> “[You will] loathe them
> ת־ t-: will; זרא zrˀ: loathing; זור zwr: loathsome; ־ם -m: them
> תזרם tzrm
> ת־ t-: will; זרה zrh: scatter, cast away; ־ם -m: them
> “[You will] throw them [the idol statues] away
> like
> כמו kmw: as, like
> כמו kmw
> כמו kmw: as, like
> like
> a sickness.
> דוה dwh: sick, afflict
> דוה dwh
> דוה dwh: menstruous
> [you would] a menstruating [woman].
> Go out!
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> צא ṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> Go out!
> you will say
> ת־ t-: will; אמר ˀmr: say
> תאמר tˀmr
> ת־ t-: will; אמר ˀmr: say
> you will say
> to them.”
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to them.”

> Shabbat 9:1.a

#### Shabbat 9:1.b

> Encrypted: With whatever a loathed thing becomes abominable by deception, so also the servants of a foreign land can become abominable by deception.

> Official: With whatever a mentruating woman makes unclean by carrying her, so also an idol statue of a foreign god makes unclean by carrying it.

> [With] what[ever]
> מה mh: what
> מה mh
> מה mh: what
> [With] what[ever]
> a loathed [thing]
> נדה ndh: contempt, scorn; נדד ndd: despised, loathing
> נדה ndh
> נדה ndh: menstruation
> a mentruating [woman]
> [becomes] abominable
> מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: abomination
> מטמאה mṭmˀh
> מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: defile, unclean
> [makes] unclean
> by deception,
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: deceive, beguile
> במשא bmšˀ
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: lift, carry
> by carrying [her??],
> [so] also
> אף ˀp: also, even
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: also, even
> [so] also
> the servants
> עבודה ˁbwdh: work, labor, service
> עבודה ˁbwdh
> עבודה ˁbwdh: worship, idolatry, idol
> an idol [statue]
> of a foreign [land]
> זר zr: foreign, stranger
> זרה zrh
> זר zr: foreign, stranger
> of a foreign [god]
> [can become] abominable
> מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: abomination
> מטמאה mṭmˀh
> מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: defile, unclean
> [makes] unclean
> by deception.
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: deceive, beguile
> במשא bmšˀ
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: lift, carry
> by carrying [it].

> Shabbat 9:1.b

### Massacres must appear pure, hatred on foreigners must be seeded.

#### Shabbat 9:2.a

> Encrypted: From where does it come that a massacre that it must appear pure? Of that it is said: (Proverbs 30:19) “The way of violence must be in the minds of the people.”

> Official: From where does it come that a ship that it is pure? Of that it is said: (Proverbs 30:19) “The path of a ship in the middle of the sea.”

> From where [does it come that]
> מנין mnyn: from where
> מנין mnyn
> מנין mnyn: from where
> From where [does it come that]
> a massacre
> ל־ l-: to; סופנא swpnˀ: massacre, slaughter; סיף syp: sword
> לספינה lspynh
> ל־ l-: to; ספינה spynh: ship, boat
> a ship
> that it
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
> שהיא šhyˀ
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
> that it
> [must appear] pure?
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> טהורה ṭhwrh
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> is pure?
> Of that it is said:
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> Of that it is said:
> (Proverbs
> משל mšl: proverb
> (משלי mšly
> משל mšl: proverb
> (Proverbs
> 30:19)
> ל l: 30
> ל) l
> ל l: 30
> 30:19)
> “The way
> דרך drk: path, way
> דרך drk
> דרך drk: path, way
> “The path
> of violence [?]
> ענה ˁnh: violate; אנון ˀnwn: violence
> אניה ˀnyh
> אניה ˀnyh: ship, boat
> of a ship
> [must be] in the minds
> ב־ b-: in; לב lb: heart, mind
> בלב blb
> ב־ b-: in; לב lb: middle
> in the middle
> of the people.”
> עם ˁm: people
> ים ym
> ים ym: sea
> of the sea.”

> Shabbat 9:2.a

#### Shabbat 9:2.b

> Encrypted: From where does it come that the killing in a war which is pillage upon pillage of slaughter, that one must sow in their middle this violence on strangers, and mix into the multitudes a spirit of killing, and unite them in its middle?

> Official: From where does it come that a garden bed, which is six by six handbreadths, that one can sow in its middle five kinds of seed, by planting four by the four sides of the garden bed, and one in the middle?

> From where [does it come that]
> מנין mnyn: from where
> מנין mnyn
> מנין mnyn: from where
> From where [does it come that]
> the killing [in a war]
> ל־ l-: to; הרג hrg: kill, slay, murder, slaughter
> לערוגה lˁrwgh
> ל־ l-: to; ערוגה ˁrwgh: garden bed, flowerbed
> a garden bed,
> which is
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
> שהיא šhyˀ
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
> which is
> pillage
> שסה šsh: plunder, spoil, pillage
> ששה ššh
> ששה ššh: six
> six
> upon
> על ˁl: by, upon
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: by, upon
> by
> pillage
> שסה šsh: plunder, spoil, pillage
> ששה ššh
> ששה ššh: six
> six
> of slaughter,
> טבח ṭbḥ: slaughter, massacre
> טפחים ṭpḥym
> טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
> handbreadths,
> that [one must] sow
> ש־ š-: that; זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> שזורעין šzwrˁyn
> ש־ š-: that; זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> that [one can] sow
> in [their] middle
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> בתוכה btwkh
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> in [its] middle
> [this] violence
> חמס ḥms: violence, do violence
> חמשה ḥmšh
> חמש ḥmš: five
> five
> [on] strangers,
> זר zr: foreign, stranger
> זרעונין zrˁwnyn
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> [kinds of] seed,
> [and] mix
> ערב ˁrb: mix, combine, confuse
> ארבעה ˀrbˁh
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> [by planting] four
> into the multitudes
> ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: multitude
> בארבע bˀrbˁ
> ב־ b-: on; ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> by the four
> a spirit
> רוח rwḥ: soul, spirit
> רוחות rwḥwt
> רוח rwḥ: side
> sides
> of killing,
> הרג hrg: kill, slay, murder, slaughter
> הערוגה hˁrwgh
> ערוגה ˁrwgh: garden bed, flowerbed
> of the garden bed,
> and unite [them]
> אחד ˀḥd: join, unite
> ואחד wˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> and one
> in [its] middle?
> ב־ b-: in; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
> באמצע bˀmṣˁ
> ב־ b-: in; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
> in the middle?

> Shabbat 9:2.b

#### Shabbat 9:2.c

> Encrypted: Of that it is said: (Isaiah 61:11) “Because it is as the oppressed bring forth their destruction, and as the commoners are seeded with destruction.” Innate “seed” is not said here, but rather actively “seeded” hatred.

> Official: Of that it is said: (Isaiah 61:11) “Because it is as the earth brings forth a sprout, and as the garden the things sown makes grow.” Single “seed” is not said here, but rather several “sown” things.

> Of that it is said:
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> Of that it is said:
> (Isaiah
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (ישעיה yšˁyh
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (Isaiah
> 61:11)
> סא sˀ: 61
> סא) sˀ
> סא sˀ: 61
> 61:11)
> “Because [it is]
> כי ky: that, because
> כי ky
> כי ky: that, because
> “Because [it is]
> as the oppressed
> כ־ k-: as; רצץ rṣṣ: oppressed
> כארץ kˀrṣ
> כ־ k-: as; ארץ ˀrṣ: earth, ground
> as the earth
> bring forth
> יצא yṣˀ: bring out, bring forth
> תוציא twṣyˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: bring out, bring forth
> brings forth
> [their] destruction,
> שמה šmh: destruction, devastation, horror
> צמחה ṣmḥh
> צמח ṣmḥ: sprout, grow
> a sprout,
> and as the commoners
> כ־ k-: as; גוני gwny: common, generic
> וכגנה wkgnh
> כ־ k-: as; גן gn: garden
> and as the garden
> are seeded
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> זרועיה zrwˁyh
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> [the things] sown
> [with] destruction.”
> שמה šmh: destruction, devastation, horror
> תצמיח tṣmyḥ
> צמח ṣmḥ: sprout, grow
> [makes] grow.”
> [Innate] “seed”
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> זרעה zrˁh
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> [Single] “seed”
> [is] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [is] not
> said [here],
> נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> נאמר nˀmr
> נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> said [here],
> but rather
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, but rather
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, but rather
> but rather
> [actively] “seeded” [hatred].
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> זרועיה zrwˁyh
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> [several] “sown” [things].

> Shabbat 9:2.c

### In war, special safety is needed for all the spies & moles among the subjects.

#### Shabbat 9:3.a

> Encrypted: From where does it come that the noblemen of high must still scatter among the people their agents, that they assimilate with them? Of that it is said: (Exodus 19:15) “There is in times of war danger to an agent from the people.”

> Official: From where does it come that A woman who has discharge of intercourse semen on the day third, that she is unclean? Of that it is said: (Exodus 19:15) “It is because there is still danger after three days.”

> From where [does it come that]
> מנין mnyn: from where
> מנין mnyn
> מנין mnyn: from where
> From where [does it come that]
> the noblemen
> ל־ l-: to; פלטין / פלטיא plṭyn / plṭyˀ: palatium, palace; פלטינוס plṭynws: nobleman
> לפולטת lpwlṭt
> ל־ l-: to; פלט plṭ: discharge
> [A woman who has] discharge
> of high
> שגב šgb: be high, exalted, elevate
> שכבת škbt
> שכב škb: lie down, have intercourse
> of intercourse
> [must still] scatter
> זרע zrˁ: scatter
> זרע zrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: seed, semen
> semen
> among the people
> ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
> on the day
> [their] agents,
> שלש šlš: leader, officer; שליש šlyš: agent
> השלישי hšlyšy
> שלש šlš: three
> third,
> that they
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, she, it
> שהיא šhyˀ
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, she, it
> that she
> assimilate [with them]?
> טמע ṭmˁ: mix up, assimilate
> טמאה ṭmˀh
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> is unclean?
> Of that it is said:
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> Of that it is said:
> (Exodus
> שמות šmwt: Exodus
> (שמות šmwt
> שמות šmwt: Exodus
> (Exodus
> 19:15)
> יט yṭ: 19
> יט) yṭ
> יט yṭ: 19
> 19:15)
> “There is
> היה hyh: be
> היו hyw
> היה hyh: be
> “It is [because]
> [in times of war] danger
> נכין nkyn: damage, dangerous thing
> נכונים nkwnym
> נכין nkyn: damage, dangerous thing
> [there is still] danger
> to an agent
> ל־ l-: to; שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
> לשלשת lšlšt
> ל־ l-: to; שלש šlš: three
> after three
> from the people.”
> מ־ m-: from; עם ˁm: people
> ימים ymym
> ימים ymym: days
> days.”

> Shabbat 9:3.a

#### Shabbat 9:3.b

> Encrypted: From where does it come that it must still be safe to be a spy among the people for those agents even if duty falls on a time to be in war? Of that it is said: (Genesis 34:25) “And were among the people the agents even when they were suffering.”

> Official: From where does it come that one can wash a circumcision on the day third even if the event falls on a time to be on a Sabbath? Of that it is said: (Genesis 34:25) “And it was on the day third when they were in pains.”

> From where [does it come that]
> מנין mnyn: from where
> מנין mnyn
> מנין mnyn: from where
> From where [does it come that]
> [it must still] be safe
> ש־ š-: make; מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: trust, safe
> שמרחיצין šmrḥyṣyn
> ש־ š-: make; מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
> [one can] wash
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [to be] a spy
> מאלל mˀll: spy; מאללא mˀllˀ: spy
> המילה hmylh
> מילה mylh: circumcision
> a circumcision
> among the people
> ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
> on the day
> [for those] agents
> שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
> השלישי hšlyšy
> שלש šlš: three
> third
> [even if duty] falls on [a time]
> ש־ š-: that; חל ḥl: apply, fall on
> שחל šḥl
> ש־ š-: that; חל ḥl: apply, fall on
> [even if the event] falls on [a time]
> to be
> ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
> להיות lhywt
> ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
> to be
> in war?
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on a Sabbath?
> Of that it is said:
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> Of that it is said:
> (Genesis
> בראשית brˀšyt: Genesis
> (בראשית brˀšyt
> בראשית brˀšyt: Genesis
> (Genesis
> 34:25)
> לד ld: 34
> לד) ld
> לד ld: 34
> 34:25)
> “And were
> היה hyh: be
> ויהי wyhy
> היה hyh: be
> “And [it] was
> among the people
> ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
> on the day
> the agents
> שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
> השלישי hšlyšy
> שלש šlš: three
> third
> [even] when they were
> ב־ b-: in; היה hyh: be; ־ם -m: them
> בהיותם bhywtm
> ב־ b-: in; היה hyh: be; ־ם -m: them
> when they were
> suffering [?].”
> כאב kˀb: pain, wound, sufferer
> כאבים kˀbym
> כאב kˀb: pain, wound, sufferer
> [in] pains.”

> Shabbat 9:3.b

### Cautioning citizens must be silenced, the populace must be made violent.

#### Shabbat 9:3.c

> Encrypted: From where does it come that one must bind the tongues of the cautioning ones among the leaders of the commoners that are to be slaughtered? Of that it is said: (Isaiah 1:18) “If are your killings like scarlet, they must like snow become white.”

> Official: From where does it come that one binds a strip of scarlet on the head of the scape goat that is to be slaughtered? Of that it is said: (Isaiah 1:18) “Even if are your sins like scarlet, they will like snow become white.”

> From where [does it come that]
> מנין mnyn: from where
> מנין mnyn
> מנין mnyn: from where
> From where [does it come that]
> [one must] bind
> ש־ š-: make; קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> שקושרין šqwšryn
> ש־ š-: make; קשר qšr: tie, bind
> [one] binds
> the tongues
> לשון lšwn: tongue, strip
> לשון lšwn
> לשון lšwn: tongue, strip
> a strip
> of
> של šl: belonging to, of
> של šl
> של šl: belonging to, of
> of
> the cautioning [ones?]
> זהר zhr: cautious, warning, forewarned
> זהורית zhwryt
> זהורי zhwry: crimson
> scarlet
> among the leaders
> ב־ b-: among; ראש rˀš: chief, leader
> בראש brˀš
> ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: head
> on the head
> of the commoners [?]
> שרי šry: profane, common
> שעיר šˁyr
> שעיר šˁyr: goat
> of the [scape] goat
> [that are to] be slaughtered?
> מ־ m-: of; ש־ š-: make; תלח tlḥ: wound, torment
> המשתלח hmštlḥ
> מ־ m-: of; ש־ š-: make; תלח tlḥ: wound, torment
> [that is to] be slaughtered?
> Of that it is said:
> ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
> Of that it is said:
> (Isaiah
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (ישעיה yšˁyh
> ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
> (Isaiah
> 1:18)
> א ˀ: 1
> א) ˀ
> א ˀ: 1
> 1:18)
> “If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> “[Even] if
> are
> יהי yhy: be
> יהיו yhyw
> יהי yhy: be
> are
> your killings [?]
> חתוי ḥtwy: breaking, killing; ־כם -km: your
> חטאיכם ḥṭˀykm
> חטי ḥṭy: sin; ־כם -km: your
> your sins
> like scarlet,
> כ־ k-: like; שני šny: scarlet
> כשנים kšnym
> כ־ k-: like; שני šny: scarlet
> like scarlet,
> [they must] like snow
> כ־ k-: like; שלג šlg: snow
> כשלג kšlg
> כ־ k-: like; שלג šlg: snow
> [they will] like snow
> [become] white.”
> לבן lbn: white
> ילבינו ylbynw
> לבן lbn: white
> [become] white.”

> Shabbat 9:3.c

#### Shabbat 9:4.a

> Encrypted: From where does it come that a crowd that it must be like an army in times of wiping things out? Even though there is no direct proof to this command, there is an allusion to this command, of that it is said: (Psalms 109:18) “And they will enter like the people into war, and like the servants into violence.”

> Official: From where does it come that to anoint oneself that it is like forbidden drinking on the day of atonement? Even though there is no direct proof to this command, there is an allusion to this command, of that it is said: (Psalms 109:18) “And it will enter like water into his body, and like oil into his bones.”

> From where [does it come that]
> מנין mnyn: from where
> מנין mnyn
> מנין mnyn: from where
> From where [does it come that]
> a crowd
> ל־ l-: for, of; סך sk: large crowd
> לסיכה lsykh
> ל־ l-: to; סוך swk: anoint
> to anoint [oneself]
> that it [must be]
> ש־ š-: that; היא hyˀ: he, it
> שהיא šhyˀ
> ש־ š-: that; היא hyˀ: he, it
> that it [is]
> like an army
> כ־ k-: like; סיעתא syˁtˀ: crowd, group, army, military division
> כשתיה kštyh
> כ־ k-: like; שתי šty: drink
> like [forbidden] drinking
> in times
> ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
> on the day
> of wiping [things] out?
> כפר kpr: delete, wipe out, purge
> הכפורים hkpwrym
> כפר kpr: forgive, atone
> of atonement?
> Even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> Even though
> there is no
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: not
> there is no
> [direct] proof
> ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
> ראיה rˀyh
> ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
> [direct] proof
> to this command,
> ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: word, command
> לדבר ldbr
> ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: word, command
> to this command,
> [there is] an allusion
> זכר zkr: remembrance, mnemonical allusion
> זכר zkr
> זכר zkr: remembrance, mnemonical allusion
> [there is] an allusion
> to this command,
> ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: word, command
> לדבר ldbr
> ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: word, command
> to this command,
> of that it is said:
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> of that it is said:
> (Psalms
> תהלים thlym: Psalms
> (תהלים thlym
> תהלים thlym: Psalms
> (Psalms
> 109:18)
> קט qṭ: 109
> קט) qṭ
> קט qṭ: 109
> 109:18)
> “And they will enter
> ת־ t-: will; בוא bwˀ: go in, enter
> ותבא wtbˀ
> ת־ t-: will; בוא bwˀ: go in, enter
> “And it will enter
> like the people
> כ־ k-: like; עמים ˁmym: people
> כמים kmym
> כ־ k-: like; מים mym: water
> like water
> into war,
> ב־ b-: into; קרב qrb: war, battle
> בקרבו bqrbw
> ב־ b-: into; קרב qrb: middle, body
> into his body,
> and like the servants
> כ־ k-: like; שמע šmˁ: servant; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> וכשמן wkšmn
> כ־ k-: like; שמן šmn: fat, oil
> and like oil
> into violence.”
> ב־ b-: into; עצם ˁṣm: force, quarrel; עצים ˁṣym: violent
> בעצמותיו bˁṣmwtyw
> ב־ b-: into; עצם ˁṣm: bone, self
> into his bones.”

> Shabbat 9:4.a

## Keeping secrets even in war

### Even in warfare, hoaxes mustn’t be revealed.

#### Shabbat 9:5.a

> Encrypted: Even in war, it is forbidden to bring out into the public knowledge any fraud, when it is for pretending towards the multitudes of the little people. Confusion, when it is for confusing the multitudes of the little people, also when joined this with that.

> Official: On Sabbath, it is forbidden to bring out any wood, when the measure is that of boiling an egg for roasting. Spices, when the measure is that of spicing an egg for roasting, also when joined this with that.

> [Even in war, it is forbidden] to bring out into the public [knowledge]
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [On Sabbath, it is forbidden] to bring out
> [any] fraud,
> עצי ˁṣy: force, violent, defraud
> עצים ˁṣym
> עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood
> [any] wood,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is for] pretending [towards]
> ל־ l-: to; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense
> לבשל lbšl
> ל־ l-: to; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
> [the measure is that of] boiling
> the multitudes
> בושיי bwšyy: multitude; ביש byš: poor
> ביצה byṣh
> ביצה byṣh: egg
> an egg
> of the little [people].
> קלי qly: little, small
> קלה qlh
> קלי qly: roast, burn
> [for] roasting.
> Confusion,
> תבל tbl: mixture, confusion
> תבלין tblyn
> תבל tbl: spice, season
> Spices,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [it is for] confusing
> תבל tbl: mixture, confusion
> לתבל ltbl
> ל־ l-: to; תבל tbl: spice, season
> [the measure is that of] spicing
> the multitudes
> בושיי bwšyy: multitude; ביש byš: poor
> ביצה byṣh
> ביצה byṣh: egg
> an egg
> of the little [people],
> קלי qly: little, small
> קלה qlh
> קלי qly: roast, burn
> [for] roasting,
> also [when] joined
> מ־ m-: of; צרף ṣrp: join
> ומצטרפין wmṣṭrpyn
> מ־ m-: of; צרף ṣrp: join
> also [when] joined
> this
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> this
> with
> עם ˁm: with
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> with
> that.
> זה zh: that
> זה zh
> זה zh: that
> that.

> Shabbat 9:5.a

### Even in warfare, spies & moles among the populace mustn’t be revealed.

#### Shabbat 9:5.b

> Encrypted: The shells of spies, the shells of traitors, embedded people or pretenders, when they are for binding with them the rebellous ones of the common populace by being intermixed with them.

> Official: The shells of nuts, the shells of pomegranates, woad or madder, when the measure is that of spicing with them clothes that are small in a hair net.

> The shells
> קלפה qlph: peel, shell
> קלפי qlpy
> קלפה qlph: peel, shell
> The shells
> of spies,
> גשש gšš: scout, spy
> אגוזים ˀgwzym
> אגוז ˀgwz: nut
> of nuts,
> the shells
> קלפה qlph: peel, shell
> קלפי qlpy
> קלפה qlph: peel, shell
> the shells
> of traitors,
> רמיון rmywn: deceit; רמה rmh: betray; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> רמונים rmwnym
> רמון rmwn: pomegranate
> of pomegranates,
> embedded [people??]
> שתאסתא štˀstˀ: incorporation, mixing, embedding
> אסטיס ˀsṭys
> אסטיס ˀsṭys: isatis, woad
> woad
> or pretenders [??],
> עיפא ˁypˀ: cover, veil; עפי ˁpy: pretense
> ופואה wpwˀh
> פואה pwˀh: madder
> or madder,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [they are for] binding
> ל־ l-: to; עצב ˁṣb: bind up, vex, trouble
> לצבע lṣbˁ
> ל־ l-: to; צבע ṣbˁ: color, dye
> [the measure is that of] spicing
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> the rebellous [ones]
> בגד bgd: faithless, rebel
> בגד bgd
> בגד bgd: clothes, dress
> clothes
> of the common populace
> קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> קטן qṭn
> קטן qṭn: small
> that are small
> by being intermixed [with them].
> ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: mix together, interwoven with
> בסבכה bsbkh
> ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: net, hair net
> in a hair net [??].

> Shabbat 9:5.b

#### Shabbat 9:5.c

> Encrypted: People that are spies, observers or people in appearance, secret agents or scouts, when they are for oppressing with them the rebellous ones of the common populace by being intermixed with them. Lord Yehudah says: When they are for removing the ignoble elements in the populace.

> Official: Water of the feet urine, natron or lye, Cimolian earth or soap, when the measure is that of washing with them clothes that are small in a hair net. Rabbi Yehudah says: When the measure is that of removing a stain on a cloth.

> People
> עם ˁm: people
> מי my
> מי my: water
> Water
> that are spies,
> רגל rgl: spy, espy
> רגלים rglym
> רגל rgl: foot, feet
> of the feet [urine?],
> observers
> נטר nṭr: watch, observe, guardian
> נתר ntr
> נתר ntr: natron
> natron
> or [people in] appearance [?],
> בריאית bryˀyt: outwardly, by appearance
> וברית wbryt
> ברית bryt: lye, soap
> or lye,
> secret [agents]
> כמינא kmynˀ: secretly, hidden, under cover
> קמוניא qmwnyˀ
> קימוניא qymwnyˀ: Cimolian earth
> Cimolian earth [???]
> or scouts,
> סקולקא sqwlqˀ: scout, reconnaissance
> ואשלג wˀšlg
> אשלג ˀšlg: mineral used as a soap
> or soap,
> when
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> when
> [they are for] oppressing
> ל־ l-: to; כבש kbš: suppress, oppress
> לכבס lkbs
> ל־ l-: to; כבס kbs: press, wash
> [the measure is that of] washing
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> the rebellous [ones]
> בגד bgd: faithless, rebel
> בגד bgd
> בגד bgd: clothes, dress
> clothes
> of the common populace
> קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> קטן qṭn
> קטן qṭn: small
> that are small
> by being intermixed [with them].
> ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: mix together, interwoven with
> בסבכה bsbkh
> ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: net, hair net
> in a hair net [??].
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> When
> כדי kdy: when
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: when
> When
> [they are for] removing
> ל־ l-: to; עבר ˁbr: cross, vanish, remove
> להעביר lhˁbyr
> ל־ l-: to; עבר ˁbr: cross, vanish, remove
> [the measure is that of] removing
> על ˁl: on, to
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, to
> the ignoble [elements in the populace].
> כותמיא kwtmyˀ: infamous, ignoble
> הכתם hktm
> כתם ktm: stain, spot, blemish
> a stain [on a cloth].

> Shabbat 9:5.c

#### Shabbat 9:6.a

> Encrypted: Secret agents, all of them are forbidden to make public! Professional spies, all of them are forbidden to make public! All kinds of veils and all kinds of tricks, all of them are forbidden to make public!

> Official: Pepper, all amounts of it are forbidden to bring out! Tar, all amounts of it are forbidden to bring out! All kinds perfumes, and all kinds of cast metals, all amounts of them are forbidden to bring out!

> [Secret] agents,
> פלפל plpl: search; פולא pwlˀ: scouts, agents
> פלפלת plplt
> פלפל plpl: pepper
> Pepper,
> all
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> all [amounts]
> of them [are forbidden to make public]!
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of it [are forbidden to bring out]!
> [Professional?] spies,
> תור twr: spy out, espy; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> ועטרן wˁṭrn
> עטרן ˁṭrn: tar, pitch
> Tar,
> all
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> all [amounts]
> of them [are forbidden to make public]!
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of it [are forbidden to bring out]!
> [All] kinds
> מין myn: kind
> מיני myny
> מין myn: kind
> [All] kinds
> of veils [?]
> ב־ b-: in; צמה ṣmh: veil; צמצם ṣmṣm: veil
> בשמים bšmym
> בשם bšm: spices, perfumes
> perfumes,
> and [all] kinds
> מין myn: kind
> ומיני wmyny
> מין myn: kind
> and [all] kinds
> of tricks,
> מ־ m-: of; תוכא twkˀ: trick, ruse, deception
> מתכות mtkwt
> מתך mtk: cast metal
> of cast metals,
> all
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> all [amounts]
> of them [are forbidden to make public]!
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> שהן šhn
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> of them [are forbidden to bring out]!

> Shabbat 9:6.a

#### Shabbat 9:6.b

> Encrypted: The false faces of watchmen, and the masks of spies, the mocked appearances, and the mocked coverings, all of them are forbidden to make public, because the spies need to preserve them to hide in them!

> Official: Stones of the sacrificial altar, and earth of the sacrificial altar, ancient bookworm eaten scrolls, and ancient bookworm eaten scroll coverings, all amounts of them are forbidden to bring out, because the people need to preserve them to eventually store them!

> The [false] faces
> מ־ m-: of; אפין ˀpyn: face, surface
> מאבני mˀbny
> מ־ m-: of; אבן ˀbn: stone
> Stones
> of watchmen,
> מ־ m-: of; צופה ṣwph: watchman; צפיה ṣpyh: observation
> המזבח hmzbḥ
> מ־ m-: of; זבח zbḥ: slaughter, sacrifice
> of the sacrificial [altar],
> and the masks
> מ־ m-: of; אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
> ומעפר wmˁpr
> מ־ m-: of; עפר ˁpr: dust, dirt, earth
> and earth
> of spies,
> מ־ m-: of; צופה ṣwph: watchman; צפיה ṣpyh: observation
> המזבח hmzbḥ
> מ־ m-: of; זבח zbḥ: slaughter, sacrifice
> of the sacrificial [altar],
> the mocked
> מוק mwq: sneer, mock
> מקק mqq
> מקק mqq: rot, decay, book-worm
> [ancient] bookworm [eaten]
> appearances,
> סבר sbr: countenance, appearance
> ספרים sprym
> ספר spr: scroll, document
> scrolls,
> and the mocked
> מוק mwq: sneer, mock
> ומקק wmqq
> מקק mqq: rot, decay, book-worm
> and [ancient] bookworm [eaten]
> coverings,
> מטפחת mṭpḥt: covering, mantle
> מטפחותיהם mṭpḥwtyhm
> מטפחת mṭpḥt: covering, mantle
> [scroll] coverings,
> all
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> all [amounts]
> of them [are forbidden to make public],
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
> of them [are forbidden to bring out],
> [because the spies need to] preserve
> ש־ š-: that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: preserve
> שמצניעין šmṣnyˁyn
> ש־ š-: that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: preserve
> [because the people need to] preserve
> them
> אות ˀwt: him, it
> אותן ˀwtn
> אות ˀwt: him, it
> them
> to hide [in them]!
> ל־ l-: to; גנז gnz: hide, hidden, conceal
> לגנזן lgnzn
> ל־ l-: to; גנז gnz: store
> to [eventually] store [them]!

> Shabbat 9:6.b

#### Shabbat 9:6.c

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: Even only bringing out into the public a secret attendant among the workers to be subdued, all of them are forbidden to make public, as it is said: (Deuteronomy 13:18 or 13:17) “So not the subjects will obtain by your hands any from the banned informations.”

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: Even only bringing out into the public the accessories of the foreign worship of stars, all amounts of it are forbidden to bring out, as it is said: (Deuteronomy 13:18 or 13:17) “So not you faithfuls will keep in your hands any from the cursed things.”

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Even [only]
> אף ˀp: even, though
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even, though
> Even [only]
> bringing out [into the public]
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> bringing out [into the public]
> a [secret] attendant
> מ־ m-: of; משמש mšmš: attendant, servitor
> ממשמשי mmšmšy
> מ־ m-: of; משמש mšmš: accessory
> the accessories
> [among] the workers
> עבודה ˁbwdh: work, labor, service
> עבודת ˁbwdt
> עבודה ˁbwdh: worship, idolatry, idol
> of the [foreign] worship
> to be subdued,
> כפה kph: force, compel, subdue
> כוכבים kwkbym
> כוכב kwkb: star
> of stars,
> all
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> all [amounts]
> of them [are forbidden to make public],
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of it [are forbidden to bring out],
> as it is said:
> ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
> as it is said:
> (Deuteronomy
> דברים dbrym: Deuteronomy
> (דברים dbrym
> דברים dbrym: Deuteronomy
> (Deuteronomy
> 13:18 [or 13:17])
> יג yg: 13
> יג) yg
> יג yg: 13
> 13:18 [or 13:17])
> “So not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> “So not
> [the subjects] will obtain
> דבק dbq: reach, obtain, acquire
> ידבק ydbq
> דבק dbq: cling, adhere
> you [faithfuls] will keep
> [by] your hands
> ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand; ־ך -k: your
> בידך bydk
> ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand; ־ך -k: your
> in your hands
> any
> מאומה mˀwmh: anything
> מאומה mˀwmh
> מאומה mˀwmh: anything
> any
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> the banned [informations].”
> חרם ḥrm: ban, curse
> החרם hḥrm
> חרם ḥrm: ban, curse
> the cursed [things].”

> Shabbat 9:6.c

#### Shabbat 9:7.a

> Encrypted: Though if one brings out into the public a gathering of spies, even though there is in it kinds of spies many, one is not guilty of anything, except of a mistake a single one.

> Official: If one brings out into the public a basket of wares, even though there is in it kinds of wares many, one is not obligated to do anything, except of sin-offering a single one.

> [Though if one] brings out [into the public]
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [If one] brings out [into the public]
> a gathering
> קפא qpˀ: collect, gather
> קפת qpt
> קפה qph: basket, chest
> a basket
> of spies,
> רגל rgl: spy, espy
> הרוכלין hrwklyn
> רכלה rklh: merchandise, goods, wares
> of wares,
> even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> there is
> ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
> שיש šyš
> ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
> there is
> in it
> בה bh: in her
> בה bh
> בה bh: in her
> in it
> kinds [of spies]
> מין myn: kind
> מינין mynyn
> מין myn: kind
> kinds [of wares]
> many,
> רב rb: much, many
> הרבה hrbh
> רב rb: much, many
> many,
> [one is] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one is] not
> guilty [of anything],
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> obligated [to do anything],
> except of
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except of
> a mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> sin-offering
> a single one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> a single one.

> Shabbat 9:7.a

#### Shabbat 9:7.b

> Encrypted: Assistants of the hidden kind, even if they are inferior to actual aristocrats. Lord Yehudah ben Bathyra says: Even the petty criminals.

> Official: Seeds of the garden, even in smaller quantity than as of a dried fig. Rabbi Yehudah ben Bathyra says: The measure is five seeds.

> Assistants
> עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
> זרעוני zrˁwny
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> Seeds
> of the hidden [kind],
> גני gny: hide, hidden
> גנה gnh
> גן gn: garden
> of the garden,
> [even if they are] inferior
> פחות pḥwt: inferior
> פחות pḥwt
> פחות pḥwt: small quantity
> [even in] smaller quantity
> to [actual] aristocrats.
> מ־ m-: of, than; כ־ k-: as; גרגרא grgrˀ: nobles, nobility, aristocrats
> מכגרוגרת mkgrwgrt
> מ־ m-: of, than; כ־ k-: as; גרוגרת grwgrt: dried fig
> than as of a dried fig [??].
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah ben Bathyra
> יהודה בן בתירא yhwdh bn btyrˀ: Yehudah ben Bathyra
> יהודה בן בתירא yhwdh bn btyrˀ
> יהודה בן בתירא yhwdh bn btyrˀ: Yehudah ben Bathyra
> Yehudah ben Bathyra
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [Even the petty] criminals [??].
> חמס ḥms: criminality, violence
> חמשה ḥmšh
> חמש ḥmš: five
> [The measure is] five [seeds?].

> Shabbat 9:7.b

#### Shabbat 9:7.c

> Encrypted: Assistants in hiding, they must stay disguised. Assistants under cover, they must stay disguised. Assistants who are agents among the slaves, they must stay disguised.

> Official: For seeds of cucumbers, the measure is two. For seeds of gourds, the measure is two. For seeds of beans from Egypt, the measure is two.

> Assistants
> עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
> זרע zrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> [For] seeds
> [in] hiding,
> כסיא ksyˀ: covering, hide
> קשואין qšwˀyn
> קשוא qšwˀ: cucumber
> of cucumbers,
> they [must stay] disguised.
> שני šny: change, disguise
> שנים šnym
> שני šny: two
> [the measure is] two.
> Assistants
> עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
> זרע zrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> [For] seeds
> [under] cover,
> טלל ṭll: cover, screen
> דלועין dlwˁyn
> דלוע dlwˁ: gourd, pumpkin
> of gourds,
> they [must stay] disguised.
> שני šny: change, disguise
> שנים šnym
> שני šny: two
> [the measure is] two.
> Assistants
> עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
> זרע zrˁ
> זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> [For] seeds
> who are agents
> פולא pwlˀ: scouts, agents
> פול pwl
> פול pwl: bean
> of beans
> [among] the slaves,
> מצר mṣr: slave
> המצרי hmṣry
> מצרי mṣry: Egyptian
> [from] Egypt,
> they [must stay] disguised.
> שני šny: change, disguise
> שנים šnym
> שני šny: two
> [the measure is] two.

> Shabbat 9:7.c

### Aristocratic spies must never be revealed, because nobles need their privacy.

#### Shabbat 9:7.d

> Encrypted: Spies alive and clean, any of them is forbidden to reveal. If they are dead, it is only forbidden if they were noblemen.

> Official: Locusts alive and clean, any amount of them is forbidden to bring out. If they are dead, the measure is as of a dried fig.

> Spies
> עקב ˁqb: track, trace, espy
> חגב ḥgb
> חגב ḥgb: locust
> Locusts
> alive
> חי ḥy: alive
> חי ḥy
> חי ḥy: alive
> alive
> [and] clean,
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> טהור ṭhwr
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> [and] clean,
> any
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> any [amount]
> of them [is forbidden to reveal].
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of them [is forbidden to bring out].
> [If] they are dead,
> מת mt: dead
> מת mt
> מת mt: dead
> [If] they are dead,
> [it is only forbidden if they] were noblemen.
> כ־ k-: as; גרגרא grgrˀ: nobles, nobility, aristocrats
> כגרוגרת kgrwgrt
> כ־ k-: as; גרוגרת grwgrt: dried fig
> [the measure is] as of a dried fig [??].

> Shabbat 9:7.d

#### Shabbat 9:7.e

> Encrypted: Aristocrats under cover, whether alive or whether dead, any of them is forbidden to reveal. That is for the secrecy & privacy of it for the nobles.

> Official: The locust of painted color, whether alive or whether dead, any amount of them is forbidden to bring out. That is because people keep it as a medicine.

> Aristocrats
> שפירא špyrˀ: noble, titled, aristocratic
> צפרת ṣprt
> צפרתא ṣprtˀ: small bird, locusts
> The locust
> [under] cover,
> כרם krm: cover
> כרמים krmym
> כרם krm: paint
> of painted [color],
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> alive
> חי ḥy: alive
> חיה ḥyh
> חי ḥy: alive
> alive
> or whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> or whether
> dead,
> מת mt: dead
> מתה mth
> מת mt: dead
> dead,
> any
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> any [amount]
> of them [is forbidden to reveal].
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of them [is forbidden to bring out].
> That [is] for the secrecy & privacy
> ש־ š-: for, that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: secret, privacy
> שמצניעין šmṣnyˁyn
> ש־ š-: for, that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> That [is because people] keep
> of it
> את ˀt: to
> אותה ˀwth
> את ˀt: to
> it
> for the nobles.
> ל־ l-: for; רבא rbˀ: nobleman; רבביא rbbyˀ: nobles, magnates
> לרפואה lrpwˀh
> ל־ l-: for; רפואה rpwˀh: healing, cure, medicine
> [as] a medicine.

> Shabbat 9:7.e

#### Shabbat 9:7.f

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: Even bringing out into the public a spy alive but unfit, revealing any of them is forbidden. That is because the rulers need to keep them for their common populace to enact mockeries with them.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: Even bringing out a locust alive but unclean, any amount of them is forbidden. That is because people like to keep them for their young children to play with them.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Even
> אף ˀp: even
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even
> Even
> bringing out [into the public]
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> bringing out
> a spy
> עקב ˁqb: track, trace, espy
> חגב ḥgb
> חגב ḥgb: locust
> a locust
> alive
> חי ḥy: alive
> חי ḥy
> חי ḥy: alive
> alive
> [but] unfit,
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> טמא ṭmˀ
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> [but] unclean,
> [revealing] any
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> any [amount]
> of them [is forbidden].
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of them [is forbidden].
> That [is because the rulers need] to keep
> ש־ š-: for, that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> שמצניעין šmṣnyˁyn
> ש־ š-: for, that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> That [is because people like] to keep
> them
> את ˀt: to
> אותו ˀwtw
> את ˀt: to
> them
> for [their] common populace
> ל־ l-: for; קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> לקטן lqṭn
> ל־ l-: for; קטן qṭn: young, small
> for [their] young [children]
> to [enact] mockeries
> ל־ l-: for; שחק šḥq: mock, deride
> לשחק lšḥq
> ל־ l-: for; שחק šḥq: laugh, play
> to play
> with them.
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with them.

> Shabbat 9:7.f

### If spies are revealed, one must restore the cover.

#### Shabbat 10:1.a

> Encrypted: If spies are deposited in the population as assistants, or for public appearances, or for confusion, if one brings them out into public knowledge in a war, one is guilty for any number of them.

> Official: If one deposits seeds for sowing, or as a sample, or as a medicine, if one brings them out on Sabbath, one is guilty for any number of them.

> [If spies] are deposited [in the population]
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> המצניע hmṣnyˁ
> מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
> [If one] deposits [seeds]
> as assistants,
> עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
> לזרע lzrˁ
> ל־ l-: for; זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
> for sowing,
> or for public appearances,
> ל־ l-: for; דוגמא dwgmˀ: show, public appearance
> ולדגמא wldgmˀ
> ל־ l-: for; דוגמא dwgmˀ: sample, example
> or as a sample,
> or for confusion,
> ל־ l-: for; ערב ˁrb: mix, confuse
> ולרפואה wlrpwˀh
> ל־ l-: for; רפואה rpwˀh: healing, cure, medicine
> or as a medicine,
> [if one] brings [them] out [into public knowledge]
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> והוציאו whwṣyˀw
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [if one] brings [them] out
> in a war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> [one] is guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one] is guilty
> for any [number]
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, any
> בכל bkl
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, any
> for any [number]
> of them.
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of them.

> Shabbat 10:1.a

#### Shabbat 10:1.b

> Encrypted: But for revealing any other person, one is not guilty for it, except as of depending on the amount of damage. If one restores the cover, one is not guilty of anything for it, except as of depending on the amount of damage.

> Official: But any other person is not guilty for it, except as of depending on the amount. If one restores the gathered seeds, one is not guilty for it, except as of depending on the amount.

> But [for revealing?] any
> כל kl: all, any
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all, any
> But any
> [other] person,
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> [other] person
> [one is] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [is] not
> guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> guilty
> for it,
> על ˁl: on, upon
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, upon
> for it,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> as of [depending on] the amount [of damage].
> כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
> כשעורו kšˁwrw
> כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
> as of [depending on] the amount.
> [If one] restores
> חזר ḥzr: restore, return
> חזר ḥzr
> חזר ḥzr: restore, return
> [If one] restores
> the cover,
> כנס kns: cover, shelter, meet
> והכניסו whknysw
> כנס kns: collect, gather
> the gathered [seeds],
> [one is] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one is] not
> guilty [of anything]
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> guilty
> for it,
> על ˁl: on, upon
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, upon
> for it,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> except
> as of [depending on] the amount [of damage].
> כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
> כשעורו kšˁwrw
> כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
> as of [depending on] the amount.

> Shabbat 10:1.b

### Spies may be only revealed partially.

#### Shabbat 10:2.a

> Encrypted: If one brings out an informer and puts him on the threshold of being revealed, whether he returns to him and brings him fully out, or whether he is then brought out by another person, one is excempt from guilt for the first part, because he did not do the whole task all at once.

> Official: If one brings out food and places it on the threshold of the house, whether he returns to it and brings it fully out, or whether it is then brought out by another person, one is excempt from guilt for the first part, because he did not do the whole task all at once.

> [If one] brings out
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [If one] brings out
> an informer
> אכל ˀkl: inform against
> אכלין ˀklyn
> אכל ˀkl: eat, consume
> food
> and puts [him]
> נתן ntn: give, put, place
> ונתנן wntnn
> נתן ntn: give, put, place
> and places [it]
> on
> על ˁl: in, upon
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: in, upon
> on
> the threshold [of being revealed],
> אסכופה ˀskwph: threshold, doorframe
> האסקפה hˀsqph
> אסכופה ˀskwph: threshold, doorframe
> the threshold [of the house],
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> he returns [to him]
> ש־ š-: that; חזר ḥzr: restore, return, repeat
> שחזר šḥzr
> ש־ š-: that; חזר ḥzr: restore, return, repeat
> he returns [to it]
> and brings [him fully] out,
> יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> והוציאן whwṣyˀn
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> and brings [it fully] out,
> [or] whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> [or] whether
> he is [then] brought out
> ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> שהוציאן šhwṣyˀn
> ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> it is [then] brought out
> [by] another [person],
> אחר ˀḥr: other, another
> אחר ˀḥr
> אחר ˀḥr: other, another
> [by] another [person],
> one is excempt [from guilt for the first part],
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> one is excempt [from guilt for the first part],
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> [he did] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> [he did] not
> do
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עשה ˁšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> do
> the [whole] task
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business, task
> מלאכתו mlˀktw
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business, task
> the [whole] task
> [all] at once.
> בבת־אחת bbt-ˀḥt: at once, simultaneously
> בבת אחת bbt ˀḥt
> בבת־אחת bbt-ˀḥt: at once, simultaneously
> [all] at once.

> Shabbat 10:2.a

#### Shabbat 10:2.b

> Encrypted: If one takes a gathering of spies which is full of masked people, and puts them on the threshold of being revealed, so that they are revealed outside, then even though most of the masked people are revealed outside, one is excempt from guilt, until he brings out the whole gathering.

> Official: If one takes a basket which is full of fruit, and places it on the threshold of the house, so that it is already outside, then even though most of the fruit is outside, one is excempt from guilt, until he brings out the whole basket.

> [If one takes] a gathering [of spies]
> קפא qpˀ: collect, gather
> קפה qph
> קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
> [If one takes] a basket
> which
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
> שהיא šhyˀ
> ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
> which
> is full
> מלא mlˀ: full, filled
> מלאה mlˀh
> מלא mlˀ: full, filled
> is full
> of masked [people?],
> אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
> פרות prwt
> פרי pry: fruit; פרא prˀ: bear fruit
> of fruit,
> and puts [them]
> נתן ntn: give, put, place
> ונתנה wntnh
> נתן ntn: give, put, place
> and places [it]
> on
> על ˁl: on, to
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, to
> on
> the threshold [of being revealed],
> אסכופה ˀskwph: threshold, doorframe
> האסקפה hˀsqph
> אסכופה ˀskwph: threshold, doorframe
> the threshold [of the house],
> [so that they are revealed?] outside,
> חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
> החיצונה hḥyṣwnh
> חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
> [so that it is already] outside,
> [then] even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> [then] even though
> most
> ש־ š-: that; רב rb: much, many
> שרב šrb
> ש־ š-: that; רב rb: much, many
> most
> of the masked [people?]
> אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
> הפרות hprwt
> פרי pry: fruit; פרא prˀ: bear fruit
> of the fruit
> [are revealed?] outside,
> מ־ m-: of; ב־ b-: in; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> מבחוץ mbḥwṣ
> מ־ m-: of; ב־ b-: in; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> is outside,
> [one] is excempt [from guilt],
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is excempt [from guilt],
> until
> עד ˁd: while, until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: while, until
> until
> he brings out
> ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> שיוציא šywṣyˀ
> ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> he brings out
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the whole
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> the whole
> gathering.
> קפא qpˀ: collect, gather
> הקפה hqph
> קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
> basket.

> Shabbat 10:2.b

### Secrets may only be revealed in an unusual, back-handed manner.

#### Shabbat 10:3.a

> Encrypted: If one brings out anything, whether in naive honesty, or whether in unfortunate circumstances, or in the middle of a jest, or by writing things down, then one is guilty, because things are thus brought out by people who are dullards.

> Official: If one brings out anything, whether it is with the right hand, or whether it is with the left hand, or in the middle in one’s lap, or on one’s shoulder, then one is guilty, because things were thus brought out by the sons of Qehath.

> [If one] brings out [anything],
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [If one] brings out [anything],
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> in [naive?] honesty,
> ב־ b-: in; אמן ˀmn: faithfulness, truth, truly; אמונה ˀmwnh: honesty
> בימינו bymynw
> ב־ b-: with; ימין ymyn: right hand
> [it is] with the right hand,
> or whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> or whether
> in unfortunate [circumstances],
> ב־ b-: in; סמלי smly: left, unfortunate; סמליא smlyˀ: ill-fated
> בשמאלו bšmˀlw
> ב־ b-: with; שמאל šmˀl: left hand
> [it is] with the left hand,
> [or] in the middle
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> בתוך btwk
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> [or] in the middle
> of a jest,
> חוך ḥwk: laugh, jest, make fun
> חיקו ḥyqw
> חיק ḥyq: bosom, lap, fold of a garment
> [in one’s] lap,
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> [by]
> על ˁl: about, during, for
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, to
> on
> writing [things down],
> כתב ktb: write, document, letter
> כתפו ktpw
> כתף ktp: shoulder
> [one’s] shoulder,
> [then one] is guilty,
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [then one] is guilty,
> because [things are] thus
> ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
> שכן škn
> ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
> because [things were] thus
> brought out
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> משא mšˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> brought out
> [by] people
> בן bn: man, belong to
> בני bny
> בן bn: son
> [by] the sons
> [who are] dullards.
> קהיות qhywt: bluntness, dullness
> קהת qht
> קהת qht: Qehath
> of Qehath [??].

> Shabbat 10:3.a

#### Shabbat 10:3.b

> Encrypted: But if one brings out things in a back handed manner, with slander, with word of mouth or verbally elbowing someone, with hearsay or with letting it slip, or with a deception speaking to the lower people, something between a deception and smooth speech, or a betrayal that is smooth, with a fraud, or with mockery, then one is excempt, because not did one bring out anything like in the manner that things are usually brought out.

> Official: But if one brings out things in a back handed manner, with the foot, with the mouth or with the elbow, with the ear or with the hair, or with the hollow belt opening downward, between the hollow belt and the shirt, or the border of the shirt, with the shoe, or with the sandal, then one is excempt, because not did one bring out anything like in the manner that things are usually brought out.

> [But if one brings out things in] a back
> כ־ k-: as, like; לאחרא lˀḥrˀ: backward
> כלאחר klˀḥr
> כ־ k-: as, like; לאחרא lˀḥrˀ: backward
> [But if one brings out things in] a back
> handed [manner],
> יד yd: hand
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand
> handed [manner],
> with slander,
> ב־ b-: with; רגל rgl: slander, clumniate
> ברגלו brglw
> ב־ b-: with; רגל rgl: foot
> with the foot,
> with word of mouth
> פה ph: speech, by word of mouth
> בפיו bpyw
> ב־ b-: with; פה ph: mouth
> with the mouth
> or [verbally??] elbowing [someone??],
> ב־ b-: with; מרפק mrpq: elbow
> ובמרפקו wbmrpqw
> ב־ b-: with; מרפק mrpq: elbow
> or with the elbow,
> with hear[say?]
> ב־ b-: with; אזן ˀzn: give ear, listen
> באזנו bˀznw
> ב־ b-: with; אזן ˀzn: ear
> with the ear [???]
> or with [letting it] slip,
> ב־ b-: with; שרע šrˁ: slip, slip down, lead astray
> ובשערו wbšˁrw
> ב־ b-: with; שער šˁr: hair
> or with the hair [???],
> or with a deception
> ב־ b-: with; פנד pnd: trick, artifice, deception
> ובפנדתו wbpndtw
> ב־ b-: with; פונדא pwndˀ: money-bag, hollow belt
> or with the hollow belt
> speaking
> פה ph: speech, by word of mouth
> ופיה wpyh
> פה ph: mouth, opening
> opening
> to the lower [people],
> ל־ l-: to; מטה mṭh: downward, below
> למטה lmṭh
> ל־ l-: to; מטה mṭh: downward, below
> downward,
> [something] between
> בין byn: between
> בין byn
> בין byn: between
> between
> a deception
> פנד pnd: trick, artifice, deception
> פנדתו pndtw
> פונדא pwndˀ: money-bag, hollow belt
> the hollow belt
> and smooth [speech??],
> ל־ l-: to; חלק ḥlq: smooth, slippery
> לחלוקו lḥlwqw
> ל־ l-: to; חלוק ḥlwq: shirt, dressing gown
> and the shirt,
> [or] a betrayal
> ספיתא spytˀ: treachery, betrayal, duplicity
> ובשפת wbšpt
> שפתא šptˀ: border, lip; ספתא sptˀ: edge, lip
> [or] the border
> [that] is smooth [??],
> חלק ḥlq: smooth, slippery
> חלוקו ḥlwqw
> חלוק ḥlwq: shirt, dressing gown
> of the shirt,
> with a fraud [?],
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נאהלל nˀhll: dishonest, fraudulent, false
> במנעלו bmnˁlw
> ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נעל nˁl: shoe
> with the shoe,
> [or] with mockery [?],
> ב־ b-: with; סנט snṭ: mock, sneer, scoff
> בסנדלו bsndlw
> ב־ b-: with; סנדל sndl: sandalion, sandal
> [or] with the sandal,
> [then one] is excempt,
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then one] is excempt,
> because not
> ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
> because not
> did [one] bring out [anything]
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> הוציא hwṣyˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> did [one] bring out [anything]
> like [in] the manner
> כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
> כדרך kdrk
> כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
> like [in] the manner
> [that things are usually] brought out.
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> המוציאין hmwṣyˀyn
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [that things are usually] brought out.

> Shabbat 10:3.b

### Revealing secrets through other people is as bad as doing it personally.

#### Shabbat 10:4.a

> Encrypted: If one plans to bring out a thing personally, but then it is brought out for him by someone else, then that one is excempt. But if one plans to bring it out by someone else, but then it is brought out by him personally, then that one is guilty.

> Official: If one plans to bring out a thing before him, but then it is brought out by him behind him, then that one is excempt. But if one plans to bring it out after him, but then it is brought out by him before him, then that one is guilty.

> [If one] plans
> מ־ m-: of; תכן tkn: estimate, planned
> המתכון hmtkwn
> מ־ m-: of; תכן tkn: estimate, planned
> [If one] plans
> to bring out [a thing]
> ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> להוציא lhwṣyˀ
> ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> to bring out [a thing]
> personally [??],
> ל־ l-: to; פני pny: presence, personally
> לפניו lpnyw
> ל־ l-: to; פני pny: front, before
> before [him],
> but [then it] is brought out
> בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
> ובא wbˀ
> בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
> but [then it] is brought out
> for him
> ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
> לו lw
> ל־ l-: to, by; ־ו -w: him
> by him
> [by someone] else [??],
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other; אחורי ˀḥwry: something else
> לאחריו lˀḥryw
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
> behind [him],
> [then that one] is excempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then that one] is excempt.
> [But if one plans to bring it out by someone] else [??],
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other; אחורי ˀḥwry: something else
> לאחריו lˀḥryw
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
> [But if one plans to bring it out] after [him],
> but [then it] is brought out
> בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
> ובא wbˀ
> בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
> but [then it] is brought out
> by him
> ל־ l-: to, by; ־ו -w: him
> לו lw
> ל־ l-: to, by; ־ו -w: him
> by him
> personally [??],
> ל־ l-: to; פני pny: presence, personally
> לפניו lpnyw
> ל־ l-: to; פני pny: front, before
> before [him],
> [then that one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [then that one] is guilty.

> Shabbat 10:4.a

#### Shabbat 10:4.b

> Encrypted: In truth it is even said: If a lord girds himself in an apron of disguise, whether someone brings out this thing personally, or whether he has it done by someone else, he is guilty, because he let the lord be seen to be turned around to his true form.

> Official: In truth it is even said: If a woman girds herself in an apron, whether she brings out a thing before her, or whether it is behind her, she is guilty, because an apron is often seen to be turned around.

> In truth
> ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
> באמת bˀmt
> ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
> In truth
> [it] is [even] said:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמרו ˀmrw
> אמר ˀmr: say
> [it] is [even] said:
> [If] a lord
> שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
> האשה hˀšh
> אשה ˀšh: woman
> [If] a woman
> girds [himself]
> חגר ḥgr: encircle, gird
> החוגרת hḥwgrt
> חגר ḥgr: encircle, gird
> girds [herself]
> in an apron [of disguise],
> ב־ b-: in; סנר snr: girdle, belt, apron
> בסינר bsynr
> ב־ b-: in; סנר snr: girdle, belt, apron
> in an apron,
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> [someone brings out this thing] personally [??],
> ל־ l-: to; פני pny: presence, personally
> מלפניה mlpnyh
> ל־ l-: to; פני pny: front, before
> [she brings out a thing] before [her],
> [or] whether
> בין byn: whether
> ובין wbyn
> בין byn: whether
> [or] whether
> [he has it done by someone] else [??],
> מ־ m-: of; ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other; אחורי ˀḥwry: something else
> מלאחריה mlˀḥryh
> מ־ m-: of; ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
> [it is] behind [her],
> he is guilty,
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיבת ḥybt
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> she is guilty,
> because
> ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
> שכן škn
> ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
> because
> [he let the lord??] be seen
> ראי rˀy: see
> ראוי rˀwy
> ראי rˀy: see
> [an apron is often] seen
> to be
> ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be, become
> להיות lhywt
> ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be, become
> to be
> turned around [to his true form].
> חזר ḥzr: restore, cause correction
> חוזר ḥwzr
> חזר ḥzr: return, turn around
> turned around [??].

> Shabbat 10:4.b

#### Shabbat 10:4.c

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: That is so even if his surface was already penetrated.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: That is so even for those who receive notes on paper.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [That is so] even
> אף ˀp: even, though
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even, though
> [That is so] even
> [if his] surface [??]
> מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: oppose, face; קובל qwbl: surface
> מקבלי mqbly
> מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
> [for those who] receive
> was [already] penetrated [??].
> פתק ptq: pierce, penetrate, break through
> פתקין ptqyn
> פתקה ptqh: note, piece of paper
> notes [on paper].

> Shabbat 10:4.c

### Several parties may agree to reveal a secret.

#### Shabbat 10:5.a

> Encrypted: If one brings out a wrapping veil into the domain public, one is guilty. But if it is brought out by two factions, they are exempt individually.

> Official: If one brings out a talent of weight into the domain public, one is guilty. But if it is brought out by two persons, they are exempt individually.

> [If one] brings out
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [If one] brings out
> a wrapping [veil]
> כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
> ככר kkr
> ככר kkr: loaf, talent
> a talent [of weight]
> into the domain
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> לרשות lršwt
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> into the domain
> public,
> רב rb: large, great, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רב rb: large, great, public
> public,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one] is guilty.
> [But if it] is brought out
> יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> הוציאוהו hwṣyˀwhw
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [But if it] is brought out
> [by] two [factions???],
> שנים šnym: two
> שנים šnym
> שנים šnym: two
> [by] two [persons],
> they are exempt [individually].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטורין pṭwryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> they are exempt [individually].

> Shabbat 10:5.a

#### Shabbat 10:5.b

> Encrypted: But if it is not possible for one faction to bring it out, and therefore it was brought out by two factions, they are guilty. But lord Simeon exempts this.

> Official: But if it is not possible for one person to bring it out, and therefore it was brought out by two persons, they are guilty. But rabbi Simeon exempts this.

> [But if it is] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [But if it is] not
> possible
> יכל ykl: can, able
> יכל ykl
> יכל ykl: can, able
> possible
> [for] one [faction???]
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> [for] one [person]
> to bring [it] out,
> ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> להוציאו lhwṣyˀw
> ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> to bring [it] out,
> and [therefore it] was brought out
> יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> והוציאוהו whwṣyˀwhw
> יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> and [therefore it] was brought out
> [by] two [factions???],
> שנים šnym: two
> שנים šnym
> שנים šnym: two
> [by] two [persons],
> they are guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיבים ḥybym
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> they are guilty.
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> Simeon
> exempts [this].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטר pwṭr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> exempts [this].

> Shabbat 10:5.b

### Veils of living people can be revealed, but not of the dead.

#### Shabbat 10:5.c

> Encrypted: If one brings out an informer of less than the forbidden value in rank in a veil, one is exempt, even for the veil, because the veil is of secondary importance to him.

> Official: If one brings out food of less than the permitted amount in a vessel, one is exempt, even for the vessel, because the vessel is of secondary importance to him.

> [If one] brings out
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
> המוציא hmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
> [If one] brings out
> an informer
> אכל ˀkl: inform against
> אכלין ˀklyn
> אכל ˀkl: food
> food
> of less
> פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
> פחות pḥwt
> פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
> of less
> than the [forbidden] value [in rank]
> מ־ m-: than; כ־ k-: as; שער šˁr: value, measure
> מכשעור mkšˁwr
> מ־ m-: than; כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
> than the [permitted] amount
> in a veil,
> ב־ b-: in; כלה klh: veil, curtain
> בכלי bkly
> ב־ b-: in; כלי kly: object, vessel
> in a vessel,
> [one] is exempt,
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is exempt,
> even
> אף ˀp: even, though
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even, though
> even
> for
> על ˁl: for
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: for
> for
> the veil,
> כלה klh: veil, curtain
> הכלי hkly
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> the vessel,
> because the veil
> ש־ š-: for; כלה klh: veil, curtain
> שהכלי šhkly
> ש־ š-: for; כלי kly: object, vessel
> because the vessel
> is of secondary importance
> טפל ṭpl: additional, of secondary importance
> טפלה ṭplh
> טפל ṭpl: additional, of secondary importance
> is of secondary importance
> to him.
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to him.

> Shabbat 10:5.c

#### Shabbat 10:5.d

> Encrypted: If it is a living person in a cover, one is exempt, even for the cover, because the cover is of secondary importance to him. If it is a dead person in a cover, one is guilty.

> Official: If it is a living person on a bedding, one is exempt, even for the bedding, because the bedding is of secondary importance to him. If it is a dead person on a bedding, one is guilty.

> [If it is]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [If it is]
> a living [person]
> חי ḥy: living
> החי hḥy
> חי ḥy: living
> a living [person]
> in a cover,
> ב־ b-: in; מעטה mˁṭh: wrap, covering
> במטה bmṭh
> ב־ b-: on; מטה mṭh: couch, bed, frame, bier
> on a bedding,
> [one] is exempt,
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is exempt,
> even
> אף ˀp: even, though
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even, though
> even
> for
> על ˁl: for
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: for
> for
> the cover,
> מעטה mˁṭh: wrap, covering
> המטה hmṭh
> מטה mṭh: couch, bed, frame, bier
> the bedding,
> because the cover
> ש־ š-: for; מעטה mˁṭh: wrap, covering
> שהמטה šhmṭh
> ש־ š-: for; מטה mṭh: couch, bed, frame, bier
> because the bedding
> is of secondary importance
> טפל ṭpl: additional, of secondary importance
> טפלה ṭplh
> טפל ṭpl: additional, of secondary importance
> is of secondary importance
> to him.
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to him.
> [If it is]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [If it is]
> a dead [person]
> מת mt: dead
> המת hmt
> מת mt: dead
> a dead [person]
> in a cover,
> ב־ b-: in; מעטה mˁṭh: wrap, covering
> במטה bmṭh
> ב־ b-: on; מטה mṭh: couch, bed, frame, bier
> on a bedding,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one] is guilty.

> Shabbat 10:5.d

#### Shabbat 10:5.e

> Encrypted: Thus also if one brings out the identity as a nobleman of a dead person the identity as a nobleman of a disgraced person, or the true nature of an agent, one is guilty. But lord Simeon exempts this.

> Official: Thus also if one brings out a measure as of an olive from a corpse, or a measure as of an olive from a carcass that was not slaughtered, or a measure as of a lentil from a creeping animal, one is guilty. But rabbi Simeon exempts this.

> Thus [also if one brings out]
> כן kn: so, thus
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: so, thus
> Thus [also if one brings out]
> the [identity] as a nobleman
> כ־ k-: as; זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility; זיותן zywtn: distinguished, noble
> כזית kzyt
> כ־ k-: as, like; זית zyt: olive
> [a measure] as of an olive
> of
> מן mn: of, from
> מן mn
> מן mn: of, from
> from
> a dead [person]
> מת mt: dead
> המת hmt
> מת mt: dead
> a corpse,
> the [identity] as a nobleman
> כ־ k-: as; זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility; זיותן zywtn: distinguished, noble
> וכזית wkzyt
> כ־ k-: as, like; זית zyt: olive
> or [a measure] as of an olive
> of
> מן mn: of, from
> מן mn
> מן mn: of, from
> from
> a disgraced [person],
> נבל nbl: fade, decay, ruin, deface, disgrace
> הנבלה hnblh
> נבלה nblh: corpse, carcass
> a carcass [that was not slaughtered],
> or the [true] nature [?]
> כ־ k-: as, like; אדש ˀdš: form, character, nature, kind
> וכעדשה wkˁdšh
> כ־ k-: as, like; עדשה ˁdšh: lentil
> or [a measure] as of a lentil
> of
> מן mn: of, from
> מן mn
> מן mn: of, from
> from
> an agent [?],
> סרסא srsˀ: agent; סרסור srswr: middleman, agent
> השרץ hšrṣ
> שרץ šrṣ: creeping thing, reptile
> a creeping animal,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one] is guilty.
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> Simeon
> exempts [this].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטר pwṭr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> exempts [this].

> Shabbat 10:5.e

### Revealing a physical disguise is forbidden.

#### Shabbat 10:6.a

> Encrypted: If one removes the physical adornments this one with that one, or does so with an altered appearance, or does so with the hair, or does so with the mustache, or does so with the beard, or does so with the braids, or does so with the kohl, or does so with the red dye, lord Eliezer deems it guilty. And the advisors prohibit to do it even because of a war.

> Official: If one removes the fingernails this one with that one, or by himself with the teeth, or does so with the hair, or does so with the mustache, or does so with the beard, or does so with the braids, or does so with the kohl, or does so with the red dye, rabbi Eliezer deems it guilty. And the advisors prohibit to do it because of the Sabbath.

> [If one] removes
> נטל nṭl: lift, remove
> הנוטל hnwṭl
> נטל nṭl: lift, remove
> [If one] removes
> the [physical?] adornments
> שפור špwr: embellishment, improvement, adornment; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> צפרניו ṣprnyw
> צפורן ṣpwrn: nail of finger
> the fingernails
> this one
> זו zw: this
> זו zw
> זו zw: this
> this one
> with that one,
> ב־ b-: with; זו zw: this
> בזו bzw
> ב־ b-: with; זו zw: this
> with that one,
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> [does so with] an altered [appearance],
> ב־ b-: with; שנה šnh: change, alter, disguise
> בשניו bšnyw
> ב־ b-: with; שן šn: tooth
> [by himself] with the teeth,
> or [does] so
> כן kn: so, thus
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: so, thus
> or [does] so
> [with] the hair,
> שער šˁr: hair
> שערו šˁrw
> שער šˁr: hair
> [with] the hair,
> or [does] so
> כן kn: so, thus
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: so, thus
> or [does] so
> [with] the mustache,
> שפם špm: upper lip; שפמון špmwn: small mustache
> שפמו špmw
> שפם špm: upper lip; שפמון špmwn: small mustache
> [with] the mustache,
> or [does] so
> כן kn: so, thus
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: so, thus
> or [does] so
> [with] the beard,
> זקן zqn: beard
> זקנו zqnw
> זקן zqn: beard
> [with] the beard,
> or [does] so
> כן kn: so, thus
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: so, thus
> or [does] so
> [with] the braids,
> גדל gdl: plaiting, braid
> הגודלת hgwdlt
> גדל gdl: plaiting, braid
> [with] the braids,
> or [does] so
> כן kn: so, thus
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: so, thus
> or [does] so
> [with] the kohl,
> כחל kḥl: kohl, paint the eyes, as adornment
> הכוחלת hkwḥlt
> כחל kḥl: kohl, paint the eyes, as adornment
> [with] the kohl,
> or [does] so
> כן kn: so, thus
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: so, thus
> or [does] so
> [with] the red dye,
> פוקסיס pwqsys: red dye
> הפוקסת hpwqst
> פוקסיס pwqsys: red dye
> [with] the red dye,
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> [deems it] guilty.
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
> מחיב mḥyb
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [deems it] guilty.
> And the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> prohibit [to do it]
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אוסרין ˀwsryn
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> prohibit [to do it]
> [even] because of
> משום mšwm: because
> משום mšwm
> משום mšwm: because
> because of
> a war.
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> שבות šbwt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> the Sabbath.

> Shabbat 10:6.a

#### Shabbat 10:6.b

> Encrypted: If one tears loose such a cover from a tyrant that is already a known prince, one is guilty, but with one that is not yet a known prince, one is exempt. And lord Simeon exempts it with this and with that.

> Official: If one tears loose the leaves from a flower-pot that is perforated, one is guilty, but with one that is not perforated, one is exempt. And rabbi Simeon exempts it with this and with that.

> [If one] tears loose [such a cover?]
> תלש tlš: tear, pluck, detach, loose
> התולש htwlš
> תלש tlš: tear, pluck, detach, loose
> [If one] tears loose [the leaves?]
> from a tyrant [??]
> מ־ m-: from; עציצא ˁṣyṣˀ: tyrant, despot
> מעציץ mˁṣyṣ
> מ־ m-: from; עציץ ˁṣyṣ: flower-pot
> from a flower-pot
> [that is already a known?] prince [??],
> נקב nqb: distinguish; נקיב nqyb: prince
> נקוב nqwb
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
> [that is] perforated,
> [one] is guilty,
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one] is guilty,
> but [with one] that [is] not [yet]
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> ושאינו wšˀynw
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> but [with one] that [is] not
> [a known?] prince [??],
> נקב nqb: distinguish; נקיב nqyb: prince
> נקוב nqwb
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
> perforated,
> [one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is exempt.
> And lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> And rabbi
> Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> Simeon
> exempts [it]
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטר pwṭr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> exempts [it]
> with this
> ב־ b-: with; זה zh: this
> בזה bzh
> ב־ b-: with; זה zh: this
> with this
> and with that.
> ב־ b-: with; זה zh: that
> ובזה wbzh
> ב־ b-: with; זה zh: that
> and with that.

> Shabbat 10:6.b

### Written notes may only be used by serving aristocrats when they cannot whisper.

#### Shabbat 11:1.a

> Encrypted: If one whispers information from the domain private to the domain public, or from the domain public to the domain private, one is guilty. If it is from a domain private to another domain private, and through the domain public in the middle, lord Akiva still deems it guilty, but the advisors exempt it.

> Official: If one tosses something from the domain private to the domain public, or from the domain public to the domain private, one is guilty. If it is from a domain private to another domain private and through the domain public in the middle, rabbi Akiva still deems it guilty, but the advisors exempt it.

> [If one] whispers [information]
> שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
> הזורק hzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [If one] tosses [something]
> from the domain
> מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> מרשות mršwt
> מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> from the domain
> private
> יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
> היחיד hyḥyd
> יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
> private
> to the domain
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> לרשות lršwt
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> to the domain
> public,
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> public,
> [or] from the domain
> מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> מרשות mršwt
> מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> [or] from the domain
> public
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> public
> to the domain
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> לרשות lršwt
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> to the domain
> private,
> יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
> היחיד hyḥyd
> יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
> private,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one] is guilty.
> [If it is] from a domain
> מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> מרשות mršwt
> מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> [If it is] from a domain
> private
> יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
> היחיד hyḥyd
> יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
> private
> to [another] domain
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> לרשות lršwt
> ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> to [another] domain
> private,
> יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
> היחיד hyḥyd
> יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
> private
> and [through] the domain
> רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> ורשות wršwt
> רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> and [through] the domain
> public
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> public
> in the middle,
> ב־ b-: in; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
> באמצע bˀmṣˁ
> ב־ b-: in; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
> in the middle,
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva
> [still deems it] guilty,
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
> מחיב mḥyb
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [still deems it] guilty,
> but the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> but the advisors
> exempt [it].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטרין pwṭryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> exempt [it].

> Shabbat 11:1.a

#### Shabbat 11:2.a

> Encrypted: How? If there are two reaching out, this one as facing that one in the domain public, if one hands over or whispers information from this one to that one, then one is exempt. But if it is that they are placed in a chamber just one, one who hands over information is guilty, but one who whispers information is exempt.

> Official: How? If there are two balconies, this one as facing that one in the domain public, if one hands over or tosses something from this one to that one, then one is exempt. But if it is that they are placed on a floor just one, one who hands over something is guilty, but one who tosses something is exempt.

> How?
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> כיצד kyṣd
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> How?
> [If there are] two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> [If there are] two
> reaching out,
> גזוזטרא gzwzṭrˀ: exostra, balcony, porch
> גזזטראות gzzṭrˀwt
> גזוזטרא gzwzṭrˀ: exostra, balcony, porch
> balconies,
> this [one]
> זו zw: this
> זו zw
> זו zw: this
> this [one]
> as facing
> כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: equivalent, worth
> כנגד kngd
> כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: facing, opposite
> as facing
> that [one]
> זו zw: this
> זו zw
> זו zw: this
> that [one]
> in the domain
> ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> ברשות bršwt
> ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> in the domain
> public,
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> public,
> [if one] hands over
> מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
> המושיט hmwšyṭ
> מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
> [if one] hands over
> or whispers [information]
> שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
> והזורק whzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> or tosses [something]
> from this [one]
> מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
> מזו mzw
> מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
> from this [one]
> to that [one],
> ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
> לזו lzw
> ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
> to that [one],
> [then one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then one] is exempt.
> [But if it] is [that]
> היה hyh: be
> היו hyw
> היה hyh: be
> [But if it] is [that]
> they are placed
> שית šyt: put, place; הן hn: they
> שתיהן štyhn
> שית šyt: put, place; הן hn: they
> they are placed
> in a chamber
> ב־ b-: in; דיוטא dywṭˀ: chamber, arbitrator’s office
> בדיוטא bdywṭˀ
> ב־ b-: on; דיוטא dywṭˀ: diaita, floor, story
> on a floor
> [just] one,
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> [just] one,
> [one who] hands over [information]
> מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
> המושיט hmwšyṭ
> מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
> [one who] hands over [something]
> is guilty,
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> is guilty,
> but [one who] whispers [information]
> שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
> והזורק whzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> but [one who] tosses [something]
> is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> is exempt.

> Shabbat 11:2.a

#### Shabbat 11:2.b

> Encrypted: Because that is the method reserved for the serving majesties: When two exalted persons stand as this one after that one in the domain public, they need to hand over secret announcements from this one to that one, but they can not whisper them.

> Official: Because that was the method reserved for the serving Levites: When two wagons of the Tabernacle procession would stand as this one after that one in the domain public, and they would hand over the planks from this one to that one, but they could not toss them.

> Because
> ש־ š-: for; כך kk: so, thus
> שכך škk
> ש־ š-: for; כך kk: so, thus
> Because
> [that] is [the method reserved for??]
> היה hyh: be
> היתה hyth
> היה hyh: be
> [that] was [the method reserved for??]
> the serving
> עבד ˁbd: serve, servant
> עבודת ˁbwdt
> עבד ˁbd: serve, servant
> the serving
> majesties:
> עליו ˁlyw: superiority, majesty; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> הלוים hlwym
> לוי lwy: Levite; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> Levites:
> [When] two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> [When] two
> exalted [persons]
> גלול glwl: exaltedness
> עגלות ˁglwt
> עגלא ˁglˀ: wagon
> wagons [of the Tabernacle procession??]
> [stand as] this [one]
> זו zw: this
> זו zw
> זו zw: this
> [would stand as] this [one]
> after
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> אחר ˀḥr
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> after
> that [one]
> זו zw: this
> זו zw
> זו zw: this
> that [one]
> in the domain
> ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> ברשות bršwt
> ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> in the domain
> public,
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> public,
> [they need to] hand over
> מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
> מושיטין mwšyṭyn
> מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
> [and they would] hand over
> [secret] announcements
> כרז krz: proclaim, announce
> הקרשים hqršym
> קרש qrš: board, plank
> the planks
> from this [one]
> מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
> מזו mzw
> מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
> from this [one]
> to that [one],
> ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
> לזו lzw
> ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
> to that [one],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [they can] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [they could] not
> whisper [them].
> שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
> זורקין zwrqyn
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> toss [them].

> Shabbat 11:2.b

### Revealing unpopular, arrogant rulers to violent soldiers is especially forbidden.

#### Shabbat 11:2.c

> Encrypted: As for an army of uncultivated human garbage, where the exalted are rich and arrogant towards the crowd, if one lifts a cover from them or shows something about the exalted, one is guilty. If it is less so, one is exempt.

> Official: As for the walls of a cistern of rocks, where the cistern is ten cubits deep and wide four cubits, if one takes something from them or puts something on the cistern, one is guilty. If it is less than that, one is exempt.

> [As for] an army
> חיל ḥyl: army, host, force
> חלית ḥlyt
> חיל ḥyl: rampart, wall
> [As for] the walls
> of uncultivated
> בור bwr: wild, uncultivated, mannerless, ruffian
> הבור hbwr
> בור bwr: pit, cistern
> of a cistern
> [human] garbage,
> סליא slyˀ: garbage, trash
> והסלע whslˁ
> סלע slˁ: rock, cliff
> of rocks,
> where
> ש־ š-: that; הן hn: this, they
> שהן šhn
> ש־ š-: that; הן hn: this, they
> where
> the exalted
> גבה gbh: high, proud, exalted
> גבוהין gbwhyn
> גב gb: pit, cistern
> the cistern
> are rich [?]
> עשר ˁšr: wealth, rich
> עשרה ˁšrh
> עשר ˁšr: ten
> [is] ten [cubits deep?]
> and arrogant
> רהב rhb: proud, arrogant
> ורחבן wrḥbn
> רחב rḥb: wide
> and wide
> [towards] the crowd,
> ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> ארבעה ˀrbˁh
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four [cubits?],
> [if one] lifts [a cover?]
> נטל nṭl: lift, move, remove
> הנוטל hnwṭl
> נטל nṭl: receive, take
> [if one] takes [something]
> from them
> מ־ m-: from; הן hn: this, they
> מהן mhn
> מ־ m-: from; הן hn: this, they
> from them
> or shows [something]
> נתן ntn: show, display
> והנותן whnwtn
> נתן ntn: give, put, place
> or puts [something]
> about
> על ˁl: about
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> the exalted,
> גבה gbh: high, proud, exalted
> גבן gbn
> גב gb: pit, cistern
> the cistern,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one] is guilty.
> [If it is] less
> פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
> פחות pḥwt
> פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
> [If it is] less
> so,
> מ־ m-: than; כן kn: so, thus
> מכן mkn
> מ־ m-: than; כן kn: so, thus
> than that,
> [one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is exempt.

> Shabbat 11:2.c

#### Shabbat 11:3.a

> Encrypted: If one disperses information among a crowd that is frightening and intent on slaughter, to a number of more than ten where the information is spread out, it is as if it was dispersed on purpose. But if it is less than ten where the information is spread out, it is as if it was dispersed in accident. But if one disperses information in accident among a crowd that is frightening, one is still guilty.

> Official: If one tosses something four cubits on a wall, to a height of more than ten handbreaths, it is as if it was tossed into the air. But if it is less than ten handbreaths, it is as if it was tossed onto the ground. And if one tosses something onto the ground four cubits, one is guilty.

> [If one] disperses [information]
> זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
> הזורק hzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [If one] tosses [something]
> [among?] a crowd
> ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> that is frightening
> אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
> אמות ˀmwt
> אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
> cubits
> [and intent?] on slaughter [?],
> ב־ b-: on; קטל qṭl: kill, slaughter, murder
> בכתל bktl
> ב־ b-: on; כתל ktl: wall; קתל qtl: wall
> on a wall,
> to [a number] of more
> ל־ l-: to; מעלה mˁlh: upwards, above
> למעלה lmˁlh
> ל־ l-: to; מעלה mˁlh: upwards, above
> to [a height] of more
> than ten
> מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
> מעשרה mˁšrh
> מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
> than ten
> [where the information] is spread out,
> טפח ṭpḥ: spread out, extend
> טפחים ṭpḥym
> טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
> handbreaths,
> [it is] as if [it] was dispersed
> כ־ k-: as; זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
> כזורק kzwrq
> כ־ k-: as; זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [it is] as if [it] was tossed
> on purpose [?].
> ב־ b-: on; רע rˁ: thought, purpose, aim
> באויר bˀwyr
> ב־ b-: in; אוויר ˀwwyr: air, sky
> into the air.
> [But if it is] less
> ל־ l-: to; מטה mṭh: downward, below
> למטה lmṭh
> ל־ l-: to; מטה mṭh: downward, below
> [But if it is] less
> than ten
> מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
> מעשרה mˁšrh
> מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
> than ten
> [where the information] is spread out,
> טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
> טפחים ṭpḥym
> טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
> handbreaths,
> [it is] as if [it] was dispersed
> כ־ k-: as; זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
> כזורק kzwrq
> כ־ k-: as; זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [it is] as if [it] was tossed
> in accident [?].
> ב־ b-: in; ערץ ˁrṣ: accident, mischance
> בארץ bˀrṣ
> ב־ b-: on; ארץ ˀrṣ: earth, ground
> onto the ground.
> [But if one] disperses [information]
> זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
> הזורק hzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [And if one] tosses [something]
> in accident [?]
> ב־ b-: in; ערץ ˁrṣ: accident, mischance
> בארץ bˀrṣ
> ב־ b-: on; ארץ ˀrṣ: earth, ground
> onto the ground
> [among?] a crowd
> ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> that is frightening,
> אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
> אמות ˀmwt
> אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
> cubits,
> [one is still] guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one] is guilty.

> Shabbat 11:3.a

#### Shabbat 11:3.b

> Encrypted: And if one whispers information into the middle of a crowd that is frightening, but it is then revealed outside of the crowd that is frightening, one is exempt. But if it is outside of the crowd that is frightening, and it is then revealed in the middle of the crowd that is frightening, one is guilty.

> Official: And if one tosses something into the middle four cubits, but it then rolls outside of the four cubits, one is exempt. But if it is outside of four cubits, and it then rolls into the middle of four cubits, one is guilty.

> [And if one] whispers [information]
> שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
> זרק zrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [And if one] tosses [something]
> into the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of a crowd
> ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> that is frightening,
> אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
> אמות ˀmwt
> אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
> cubits,
> [but it is then] revealed
> נ־ n-: make; גלגל glgl: revealed
> ונתגלגל wntglgl
> נ־ n-: make; גלגל glgl: roll
> [but it then] rolls
> outside
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
> outside
> of the crowd
> ל־ l-: to; ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> לארבע lˀrbˁ
> ל־ l-: to; ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> of the four
> that is frightening,
> אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
> אמות ˀmwt
> אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
> cubits,
> [one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is exempt.
> [But if it is] outside
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> [But if it is] outside
> of the crowd
> ל־ l-: to; ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> לארבע lˀrbˁ
> ל־ l-: to; ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> of four
> that is frightening,
> אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
> אמות ˀmwt
> אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
> cubits,
> [and it is then] revealed
> נ־ n-: make; גלגל glgl: revealed
> ונתגלגל wntglgl
> נ־ n-: make; גלגל glgl: roll
> [and it then] rolls
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of the crowd
> ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> of four
> that is frightening,
> אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
> אמות ˀmwt
> אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
> cubits,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one] is guilty.

> Shabbat 11:3.b

### One may reveal frightening secrets to frighten a violent crowd.

#### Shabbat 11:4.a

> Encrypted: If one whispers something for frightening a crowd that is frightening, one is exempt. But if there are only mild mannered people, and the domain public goes into them, if one whispers information in the middle of such a crowd of people, one is still guilty.

> Official: If one tosses something into the sea four cubits, one is exempt. But if there is only a swamp water, and the domain public goes into it, if one tosses something into the middle four cubits, one is still guilty.

> [If one] whispers [something]
> שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
> הזורק hzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [If one] tosses [something]
> for frightening [??]
> ב־ b-: for; אים ˀym: threaten, frighten
> בים bym
> ב־ b-: in; ים ym: sea
> into the sea
> a crowd
> ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> that is frightening,
> אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
> אמות ˀmwt
> אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
> cubits,
> [one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is exempt.
> [But] if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> [But] if
> [there] are
> היה hyh: be
> היה hyh
> היה hyh: be
> [there] is
> [only] mild [mannered]
> רכך rkk: soft, tender, mild, weak
> רקק rqq
> רקק rqq: swamp
> [only] a swamp
> people,
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water,
> and the domain
> רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> ורשות wršwt
> רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> and the domain
> public
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> public
> goes
> מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: go, proceed
> מהלכת mhlkt
> מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: go, proceed
> goes
> into [them],
> בו bw: in it
> בו bw
> בו bw: in it
> into it,
> [if one] whispers [information]
> שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
> הזורק hzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [if one] tosses [something]
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוכו ltwkw
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of [such] a crowd
> ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> of people,
> אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
> אמות ˀmwt
> אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
> cubits,
> [one is still] guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one is still] guilty.

> Shabbat 11:4.a

#### Shabbat 11:4.b

> Encrypted: And how many may it be, with the mild mannered people? It must still be less than ten where the information is spread out. So if there are more mild mannered people than that, and the domain public goes into them, and one whispers information in the middle of such a crowd of people, one is still guilty.

> Official: And how much depth has it, the swamp water? It must be less than ten handbreaths. So if there is more swamp water than that, and the domain public goes into it, and one tosses something into the middle four cubits, one is still guilty.

> And how many
> כמה kmh: how much
> וכמה wkmh
> כמה kmh: how much
> And how much [depth]
> [may] it [be],
> הוא hwˀ: he
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he
> [has] it,
> [with] the mild [mannered]
> רכך rkk: soft, tender, mild, weak
> רקק rqq
> רקק rqq: swamp
> the swamp
> people?
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water?
> [It must still be] less
> פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
> פחות pḥwt
> פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
> [It must be] less
> than ten
> מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
> מעשרה mˁšrh
> מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
> than ten
> [where the information] is spread out.
> טפח ṭpḥ: spread out, extend
> טפחים ṭpḥym
> טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
> handbreaths.
> [So if there are more] mild [mannered]
> רכך rkk: soft, tender, mild, weak
> רקק rqq
> רקק rqq: swamp
> [So if there is more] swamp
> people [than that],
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water [than that],
> and the domain
> רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> ורשות wršwt
> רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> and the domain
> public
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> public
> goes
> מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: go, proceed
> מהלכת mhlkt
> מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: go, proceed
> goes
> into [them],
> בו bw: in it
> בו bw
> בו bw: in it
> into it,
> [and one] whispers [information]
> שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
> הזורק hzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [and one] tosses [something]
> in the middle
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> בתוכו btwkw
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of [such] a crowd
> ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> of people,
> אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
> אמות ˀmwt
> אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
> cubits,
> [one is still] guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [one is still] guilty.

> Shabbat 11:4.b

### Information may be passed on between groups of informants.

#### Shabbat 11:5.a

> Encrypted: If one disperses information from sworn-in persons to silent persons, or from silent persons to sworn-in persons, or from sworn-in persons to an informant, or from an informant to sworn-in persons, or from an informant to another one, one is exempt.

> Official: If one tosses something from the sea onto the dry land, or from the dry land into the sea, or from the sea onto a boat, or from a boat into the sea, or from a boat onto another one, one is exempt.

> [If one] disperses [information]
> זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
> הזורק hzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [If one] tosses [something]
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> sworn-in [persons?]
> ימא ymˀ: swear, vow
> הים hym
> ים ym: sea
> the sea
> to silent [persons?],
> ל־ l-: to; יבש ybš: dry, silent
> ליבשה lybšh
> ל־ l-: to; יבשה ybšh: dry land
> onto the dry land,
> or from
> מן mn: from
> ומן wmn
> מן mn: from
> or from
> silent [persons?]
> יבש ybš: dry, silent
> היבשה hybšh
> יבשה ybšh: dry land
> the dry land
> to sworn-in [persons?],
> ל־ l-: to; ימא ymˀ: swear, vow
> לים lym
> ל־ l-: to; ים ym: sea
> into the sea,
> or from
> מן mn: from
> ומן wmn
> מן mn: from
> or from
> sworn-in [persons?]
> ימא ymˀ: swear, vow
> הים hym
> ים ym: sea
> the sea
> to an informant,
> ספינא spynˀ: betrayer, informant, informer
> לספינה lspynh
> ל־ l-: to; ספינה spynh: ship, boat
> onto a boat,
> or from
> מן mn: from
> ומן wmn
> מן mn: from
> or from
> an informant
> ספינא spynˀ: betrayer, informant, informer
> הספינה hspynh
> ספינה spynh: ship, boat
> a boat
> to sworn-in [persons?],
> ל־ l-: to; ימא ymˀ: swear, vow
> לים lym
> ל־ l-: to; ים ym: sea
> into the sea,
> or from
> מן mn: from
> ומן wmn
> מן mn: from
> or from
> an informant
> ספינא spynˀ: betrayer, informant, informer
> הספינה hspynh
> ספינה spynh: ship, boat
> a boat
> to another one,
> ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: other one
> לחברתה lḥbrth
> ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: other one
> onto another one,
> [one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is exempt.

> Shabbat 11:5.a

#### Shabbat 11:5.b

> Encrypted: If informants are tightly bound together this one with that one, one may freely move information from this one to that one. But if they are not bound together, even though they may be close to each other, one may not freely move information from this one to that one.

> Official: If boats are tightly bound together this one with that one, one may freely move objects from this one to that one. But if they are not bound together, even though they may be close to each other, one may not freely move objects from this one to that one.

> [If] informants
> ספינא spynˀ: betrayer, informant, informer
> ספינות spynwt
> ספינה spynh: ship, boat
> [If] boats
> are [tightly] bound [together]
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> קשורות qšwrwt
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> are [tightly] bound [together]
> this one
> זו zw: this
> זו zw
> זו zw: this
> this one
> with that one,
> ב־ b-: with; זו zw: this
> בזו bzw
> ב־ b-: with; זו zw: this
> with that one,
> [one may freely] move [information]
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, carry, handle
> מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, carry, handle
> [one may freely] move [objects]
> from this one
> מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
> מזו mzw
> מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
> from this one
> to that one.
> ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
> לזו lzw
> ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
> to that one.
> [But] if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> [But] if
> [they are] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינן ˀynn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [they are] not
> bound [together],
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> קשורות qšwrwt
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> bound [together],
> even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> [they may be] close [to each other],
> ש־ š-: that; מקף mqp: close, near
> שמקפות šmqpwt
> ש־ š-: that; מקף mqp: close, near
> [they may be] close [to each other],
> [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one may] not
> [freely] move [information]
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, carry, handle
> מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, carry, handle
> [freely] move [objects]
> from this one
> מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
> מזו mzw
> מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
> from this one
> to that one.
> ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
> לזו lzw
> ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
> to that one.

> Shabbat 11:5.b

### A leaker is not guilty if the leak is stopped or retracted before harm is done.

#### Shabbat 11:6.a

> Encrypted: If one disperses information and remembers that this is wrong after it went out from his hand, but it was intercepted by another insider, or intercepted and substituted, or the document was burned, then one is exempt.

> Official: If one tosses something and remembers that this is wrong after it went out from his hand, or it was intercepted by another person, or intercepted by a dog, or it was burned, then one is exempt.

> [If one] disperses [information]
> זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
> הזורק hzwrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [If one] tosses [something]
> and remembers [that this is wrong]
> נ־ n-: make; זכר zkr: remember
> ונזכר wnzkr
> נ־ n-: make; זכר zkr: remember
> and remembers [that this is wrong]
> after
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
> לאחר lˀḥr
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
> after
> [it] went out
> ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out
> שיצתה šyṣth
> ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out
> [it] went out
> from his hand,
> מ־ m-: from; יד yd: hand
> מידו mydw
> מ־ m-: from; יד yd: hand
> from his hand,
> [but it] was intercepted
> קלט qlṭ: intercept, receive
> קלטה qlṭh
> קלט qlṭ: intercept, receive
> [or it] was intercepted
> [by] another [insider],
> אחר ˀḥr: other, another
> אחר ˀḥr
> אחר ˀḥr: other, another
> [by] another [person],
> [or] intercepted
> קלט qlṭ: intercept, receive
> קלטה qlṭh
> קלט qlṭ: intercept, receive
> [or] intercepted
> [and] substituted,
> חלף ḥlp: exchange, substitute
> כלב klb
> כלב klb: dog
> [by] a dog [??],
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> [the document?] was burned,
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שרף šrp: burn
> שנשרפה šnšrph
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שרף šrp: burn
> [it] was burned [???],
> [then one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then one] is exempt.

> Shabbat 11:6.a

#### Shabbat 11:6.b

> Encrypted: If one disperses information to make an association, whether with commoners or with human cattle, if one remembers that this is wrong while not yet has been made the association, one is exempt.

> Official: If one tosses something to deal a wound, whether with persons or with cattle, if one remembers that this is wrong while not yet has been dealt the wound, one is exempt.

> [If one] disperses [information]
> זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
> זרק zrq
> זרק zrq: throw, toss
> [If one] tosses [something]
> to make
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, deal
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, deal
> to deal
> an association,
> חבר ḥbr: join, associate
> חבורה ḥbwrh
> חבר ḥbr: wound
> a wound,
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> with commoners
> ב־ b-: with; אדם ˀdm: commoner
> באדם bˀdm
> ב־ b-: with; אדם ˀdm: man, person
> with persons
> or
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> with [human] cattle,
> ב־ b-: with; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> בבהמה bbhmh
> ב־ b-: with; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> with cattle,
> [if one] remembers [that this is wrong]
> נ־ n-: make; זכר zkr: remember
> ונזכר wnzkr
> נ־ n-: make; זכר zkr: remember
> [if one] remembers [that this is wrong]
> while
> עד ˁd: while, until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: while, until
> while
> not [yet]
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> not [yet]
> has been made
> נ־ n-: make; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, deal
> נעשה nˁšh
> נ־ n-: make; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, deal
> has been dealt
> the association,
> חבר ḥbr: join, associate
> חבורה ḥbwrh
> חבר ḥbr: wound
> the wound,
> [one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is exempt.

> Shabbat 11:6.b

#### Shabbat 11:6.c

> Encrypted: This is the general rule: All that would be guilty of a mistake, they are not guilty while it is that the beginning and the end of their actions were unintentional. If the beginning was unintentional and the end was planned, or the beginning was planned and the end was unintentional, they are exempt, while it is that either the beginning or the end are unintentional.

> Official: This is the general rule: All that would be obligated to make a sin-offering, they are not guilty while it is that the beginning and the end of their actions were unintentional. If the beginning was unintentional and the end was planned, or the beginning was planned and the end was unintentional, they are exempt, while it is that either the beginning or the end are unintentional.

> This [is]
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> This [is]
> the general rule:
> כלל kll: general rule
> הכלל hkll
> כלל kll: general rule
> the general rule:
> All
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All
> that [would] be guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיבי ḥyby
> חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> that [would] be obligated
> of a mistake,
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאות ḥṭˀwt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> [to make] a sin-offering,
> [they are] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינן ˀynn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [they are] not
> guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיבין ḥybyn
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> guilty
> while
> עד ˁd: while, until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: while, until
> while
> [it] is that
> ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
> שתהא šthˀ
> ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
> [it] is that
> the beginning
> תחל tḥl: begin
> תחלתן tḥltn
> תחל tḥl: begin
> the beginning
> and the end [of their actions]
> סופן swpn: end
> וסופן wswpn
> סופן swpn: end
> and the end [of their actions]
> were unintentional.
> שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
> שגגה šggh
> שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
> were unintentional.
> [If] the beginning
> תחל tḥl: begin
> תחלתן tḥltn
> תחל tḥl: begin
> [If] the beginning
> was unintentional
> שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
> שגגה šggh
> שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
> was unintentional
> and the end
> סופן swpn: end
> וסופן wswpn
> סופן swpn: end
> and the end
> was planned,
> זיד zyd: plan, act with premeditation
> זדון zdwn
> זיד zyd: plan, act with premeditation
> was planned,
> [or] the beginning
> תחל tḥl: begin
> תחלתן tḥltn
> תחל tḥl: begin
> [or] the beginning
> was planned
> זיד zyd: plan, act with premeditation
> זדון zdwn
> זיד zyd: plan, act with premeditation
> was planned
> and the end
> סופן swpn: end
> וסופן wswpn
> סופן swpn: end
> and the end
> was unintentional,
> שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
> שגגה šggh
> שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
> was unintentional,
> [they] are exempt,
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטורין pṭwryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [they] are exempt,
> while [??]
> עד ˁd: while, until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: while, until
> while [??]
> [it] is that
> ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
> שתהא šthˀ
> ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
> [it] is that
> [either?] the beginning
> תחל tḥl: begin
> תחלתן tḥltn
> תחל tḥl: begin
> [either?] the beginning
> or the end
> סופן swpn: end
> וסופן wswpn
> סופן swpn: end
> or the end
> are unintentional.
> שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
> שגגה šggh
> שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
> are unintentional.

> Shabbat 11:6.c

## Raping women

### Begetting children in war is forbidden.

#### Shabbat 12:1.a

> Encrypted: If one begets children during war, how many would he have to beget so that one is guilty? When begetting children during war, one is guilty for any number that one begets. And if one “chisels” around, or strikes with one’s “hammer”, or with one’s “adze”, or drills into women, any amount that one does is deemed guilty.

> Official: If one builds something on Sabbath, how much would he have to build so that one is guilty? When building on Sabbath, one is guilty for any amount that one does. And if one chisels, or strikes with a hammer, or with an adze, or drills holes, any amount that one does is deemed guilty.

> [If one] begets children [during war],
> בנה bnh: get children
> הבונה hbwnh
> בנה bnh: build
> [If one] builds [something on Sabbath],
> how many
> כמה kmh: how much
> כמה kmh
> כמה kmh: how much
> how much
> [would he have] to beget
> בנה bnh: build
> יבנה ybnh
> בנה bnh: build
> [would he have] to build
> [so that one] is
> היה hyh: be
> ויהא wyhˀ
> היה hyh: be
> [so that one] is
> guilty?
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> guilty?
> [When] begetting children [during war],
> בנה bnh: get children
> הבונה hbwnh
> בנה bnh: build
> [When] building [on Sabbath],
> [one is guilty for] any [number]
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> [one is guilty for] any [amount]
> that [one begets].
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> that [one does].
> [And if one] “chisels” [around],
> מ־ m-: of; סתת stt: chip, chisel
> והמסתת whmstt
> מ־ m-: of; סתת stt: chip, chisel
> [And if one] chisels,
> or strikes
> מכה mkh: struck
> והמכה whmkh
> מכה mkh: struck
> or strikes
> with [one’s] “hammer”,
> ב־ b-: with; פתש ptš: search, examine
> בפטיש bpṭyš
> ב־ b-: with; פטיש pṭyš: hammer
> with a hammer,
> or with [one’s] “adze”,
> ב־ b-: with; מעצד mˁṣd: axe, adze
> ובמעצד wbmˁṣd
> ב־ b-: with; מעצד mˁṣd: axe, adze
> or with an adze,
> or drills [into women],
> קדח qdḥ: drill
> הקודח hqwdḥ
> קדח qdḥ: drill
> or drills [holes],
> any [amount]
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> any [amount]
> that [one does]
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> that [one does]
> [is deemed] guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [is deemed] guilty.

> Shabbat 12:1.a

#### Shabbat 12:1.b

> Encrypted: This is the general rule: All who do acts of desire, and the acts of desire last in war, they are guilty.

> Official: This is the general rule: All who do a work, and the work lasts on Sabbath, they are guilty.

> This [is]
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> This [is]
> the general rule:
> כלל kll: general rule
> הכלל hkll
> כלל kll: general rule
> the general rule:
> All
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All
> [who] do
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> העושה hˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [who] do
> [acts of] desire,
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכה mlˀkh
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task
> a work,
> and the [acts of] desire
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> ומלאכתו wmlˀktw
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task
> and the work
> last
> מ־ m-: of; קום qwm: last, endure
> מתקימת mtqymt
> מ־ m-: of; קום qwm: last, endure
> lasts
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> [they] are guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> [they] are guilty.

> Shabbat 12:1.b

#### Shabbat 12:1.c

> Encrypted: Lord Simeon ben Gamliel: says: Even if one just strikes with one’s “hammer” on a seductress in acting out a desire, one is guilty, because one persisted with the act in war.

> Official: Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel: says: Even if one just strikes with a hammer on an anvil in doing the work, one is guilty, because one improved something with the work on Sabbath.

> Lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> Rabban
> Simeon ben Gamliel:
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
> Simeon ben Gamliel:
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Even
> אף ˀp: even
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even
> Even
> [if one just] strikes
> מכה mkh: struck
> המכה hmkh
> מכה mkh: struck
> [if one just] strikes
> with [one’s] “hammer”
> ב־ b-: with; קורנס qwrns: hammer
> בקרנס bqrns
> ב־ b-: with; קורנס qwrns: hammer
> with a hammer
> on
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> a seductress [??]
> סטן sṭn: lead astray, seducer
> הסדן hsdn
> סדן sdn: block, anvil
> an anvil
> in acting [out]
> ב־ b-: in; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> בשעת bšˁt
> ב־ b-: in; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> in doing
> a desire,
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכה mlˀkh
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task
> the work,
> [one] is guilty,
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> [one]
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> [one]
> persisted
> כ־ k-: as; מ־ m-: of; תקן tqn: persevere, persist
> כמתקן kmtqn
> כ־ k-: as; מ־ m-: of; תקון tqwn: correction, improvement
> improved [something]
> [with] the act [in war].
> מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
> מלאכה mlˀkh
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task
> [with] the work [on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 12:1.c

### Regular sexual encounters with women are forbidden.

#### Shabbat 12:2.a

> Encrypted: If one has sexual intercourse, one is guilty for any amount of it. If one is knocking up someone, or plucking the tops off women, or scraping them, then for any amount of it, one is guilty. As of gathering sinful encounters, if one did it out of habit, one is guilty for any amount of it.

> Official: If one ploughs, one is guilty for any amount of it. If one weeds, or cuts branches, or grows shoots, then for any amount of it, one is guilty. As of gathering wood, if one did it to improve the tree, one is guilty for any amount of it.

> [If one has] sexual intercourse,
> חרש ḥrš: sexual intercourse
> החורש hḥwrš
> חרש ḥrš: plough
> [If one] ploughs,
> [one is guilty for] any [amount]
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> [one is guilty for] any [amount]
> of it.
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of it.
> [If one] is knocking up [someone],
> מ־ m-: of; נכש nkš: knock, strike
> המנכש hmnkš
> מ־ m-: of; נכש nkš: weed
> [If one] weeds,
> or plucking the tops off [women??],
> מ־ m-: of; קירסום qyrswm: plucking the tops off
> והמקרסם whmqrsm
> מ־ m-: of; קרסום qrswm: cutting off branches
> or cuts branches,
> or scraping [them??],
> מ־ m-: of; שרט šrṭ: scratch, scrape
> והמזרד whmzrd
> מ־ m-: of; זרד zrd: grow shoots
> or grows shoots,
> [then for] any [amount]
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> [then for] any [amount]
> of it,
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of it,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.
> [As of] gathering
> מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect, gather
> המלקט hmlqṭ
> מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect, gather
> [As of] gathering
> sinful [encounters??],
> אשם ˀšm: guilty, sin
> עצים ˁṣym
> עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> wood,
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> [one did it out of] habit,
> ל־ l-: to; אתקנו ˀtqnw: character, nature, habit
> לתקן ltqn
> ל־ l-: to; תקון tqwn: correction, improvement
> [one did it] to improve [the tree??],
> [one is guilty for] any [amount]
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> [one is guilty for] any [amount]
> of it.
> ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
> שהן šhn
> ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
> of it.

> Shabbat 12:2.a

### Sex with women is permitted for pretending to be a regular soldier.

#### Shabbat 12:2.b

> Encrypted: If one did it to replicate the commoners, one is exempt for as much as is needed to pretend to be of the multitudes of little people. As for gathering satisfying encounters, if one did it out of habit, one is guilty for any amount of it.

> Official: If one did it for fire wood, one is guilty if one gathers as much as is needed to boil an egg that is small. As for harvesting grass, if one did it to improve the plot, one is guilty for any amount of it.

> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> [one did it] to replicate [the commoners],
> ל־ l-: to; נסך nsk: copy out, reproduce, replicate
> להסק lhsq
> ל־ l-: to; נסק nsq: heat, burnt
> [one did it] for fire [wood],
> [one is exempt for] as much as
> כדי kdy: as much as, according to
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: as much as, according to
> [one is guilty if one gathers] as much as
> [is needed] to pretend
> ל־ l-: to; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense
> לבשל lbšl
> ל־ l-: to; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
> [is needed] to boil
> [to be of] the multitudes
> בושיי bwšyy: multitude; ביש byš: poor
> ביצה byṣh
> ביצה byṣh: egg
> an egg
> of little [people].
> קלי qly: little, small
> קלה qlh
> קלי qly: roast, burn
> that is small.
> [As for] gathering
> מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect, gather
> המלקט hmlqṭ
> מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect, gather
> [As for] harvesting
> satisfying [encounters],
> שבע šbˁ: satisfy, surfeit, glut
> עשבים ˁšbym
> עשב ˁšb: herb, grass
> grass,
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> [one did it out of] habit,
> ל־ l-: to; אתקנו ˀtqnw: character, nature, habit
> לתקן ltqn
> ל־ l-: to; תקון tqwn: correction, improvement
> [one did it] to improve [the plot??],
> [one is guilty for] any [amount]
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> [one is guilty for] any [amount]
> of it.
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> of it.

> Shabbat 12:2.b

#### Shabbat 12:2.c

> Encrypted: If it was for the human cattle, one is exempt for an amount needed because of the troops.

> Official: If it was for cattle, one is guilty as of a measure of a mouthful of a goat.

> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> [it was] for the [human] cattle,
> ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> לבהמה lbhmh
> ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> [it was] for cattle,
> [one is exempt for] an amount
> כ־ k-: as; מלא mlˀ: quantity
> כמלא kmlˀ
> כ־ k-: as; מלא mlˀ: quantity
> [one is guilty as of] a measure
> [needed] because of
> פה ph: according to, in proportion to, because
> פי py
> פה ph: mouth
> of a mouthful
> the troops.
> גדוד gdwd: troop, band
> הגדי hgdy
> גדי gdy: young goat, kid
> of a goat.

> Shabbat 12:2.c

### Raping two women is forbidden, except for disguised lords to impress the troops.

#### Shabbat 12:3.a

> Encrypted: If one ravages as little as two women, whether in one’s true identity or whether in cover, whether under a name one, or whether it is two names, whether it is two reputations, in all such delights one is guilty.

> Official: If one writes down as little as two letters of the alphabet, whether with the right hand or whether with the left hand, whether the name of the letters is one, or whether it is two names, whether it is two different colors of paint, in all languages, one is guilty.

> [If one] ravages
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> הכותב hkwtb
> כתב ktb: write
> [If one] writes down
> [as little as] two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> [as little as] two
> women,
> איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
> אותיות ˀwtywt
> אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
> letters [of the alphabet],
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> in [one’s] true [identity]
> ב־ b-: in; אמן ˀmn: true, truth; אמונה ˀmwnh: honesty
> בימינו bymynw
> ב־ b-: with; ימן ymn: right hand
> with the right hand
> or whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> or whether
> in cover [??],
> ב־ b-: in; שמלה šmlh: cover, garment
> בשמאלו bšmˀlw
> ב־ b-: with; שמאל šmˀl: left hand
> with the left hand,
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> [under] a name
> מ־ m-: of; שם šm: name, title, nature
> משם mšm
> מ־ m-: of; שם šm: name, title, nature
> the name [of the letters]
> one,
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> [is] one,
> or whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> or whether
> [it is] two
> מ־ m-: of; שני šny: two
> משני mšny
> מ־ m-: of; שני šny: two
> [it is] two
> names,
> מ־ m-: of; שם šm: name, title, nature
> שמות šmwt
> מ־ m-: of; שם šm: name, title, nature
> names,
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> [it is] two
> מ־ m-: of; שני šny: two
> משני mšny
> מ־ m-: of; שני šny: two
> [it is] two
> reputations,
> שומען šwmˁn: reputation
> סממניות smmnywt
> סממן smmn: paint, dye
> [different colors] of paint [???],
> in all
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
> בכל bkl
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
> in all
> [such] delights
> עלסון ˁlswn: rejoicing, delight
> לשון lšwn
> לשון lšwn: tongue, language
> languages,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.

> Shabbat 12:3.a

#### Shabbat 12:3.b

> Encrypted: Says lord Yose: One is not guilty for just two women if it was only because of making an impression on the troops.

> Official: Says rabbi Yose: One is not guilty for just two letters if it was only because of marking up things.

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yose:
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose:
> [One is] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [One is] not
> guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיבו ḥybw
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> guilty
> [for just] two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> [for just] two
> women
> איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
> אותיות ˀwtywt
> אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
> letters
> [if it was] only
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
> [if it was] only
> because
> משום mšwm: because
> משום mšwm
> משום mšwm: because
> because
> of [making] an impression [on the troops?].
> רשום ršwm: mark, trace, impression
> רשם ršm
> רשם ršm: inscribe, note, mark
> of marking up [things].

> Shabbat 12:3.b

#### Shabbat 12:3.c

> Encrypted: For thus it was when they would rape with the lords who were in danger to be revealed as gay, for making known who was officially the one gender of their copulation preference.

> Official: For thus it was when they would write on the planks of the tent of the tabernacle, to know which was the one that was its counterpart.

> For thus
> ש־ š-: for; כך kk: so, thus
> שכך škk
> ש־ š-: for; כך kk: so, thus
> For thus
> [it] was
> היה hyh: be
> היו hyw
> היה hyh: be
> [it] was
> [when they would] rape
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> כותבין kwtbyn
> כתב ktb: write
> [when they would] write
> [with]
> על ˁl: alongside, concerning
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> the lords
> קוריס qwrys: lord; קיריס qyrys: master
> קרשי qršy
> קרש qrš: board, plank
> the planks
> who were in danger [to be revealed as gay?],
> מ־ m-: of; סכן skn: danger, endanger
> המשכן hmškn
> משכן mškn: tent
> of the tent [of the tabernacle],
> for making known
> ל־ l-: for; ידע ydˁ: make known
> לידע lydˁ
> ל־ l-: to; ידע ydˁ: know
> to know
> who [was officially]
> איזה ˀyzh: who, which
> איזו ˀyzw
> איזה ˀyzh: who, which
> which [was]
> the one [gender]
> בן bn: one, belong to
> בן bn
> בן bn: one, belong to
> the one
> [of their] copulation [preference].
> זוג zwg: pair, mate, copulate
> זוגו zwgw
> זוג zwg: equal, counterpart
> [that was its] counterpart.

> Shabbat 12:3.c

#### Shabbat 12:3.d

> Encrypted: Says another lord: It is deemed possible if one uses a name that is reduced for a name that is really longer, such as Shem for Simeon or Samuel, or Noah for Nahor, or Dan for Daniel, or Gad for Gaddiel.

> Official: Says another rabbi: It is deemed possible if one writes name that is reduced for a name that is really longer, such as Shem for Simeon or Samuel, or Noah for Nahor, or Dan for Daniel, or Gad for Gaddiel.

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> [another] lord:
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> [another] rabbi:
> [It is deemed] possible
> מצין mṣyn: possible
> מצינו mṣynw
> מצין mṣyn: possible
> [It is deemed] possible
> [if one uses] a name
> שם šm: name
> שם šm
> שם šm: name
> [if one writes] name
> that is reduced
> קטן qṭn: small, reduced
> קטן qṭn
> קטן qṭn: small, reduced
> that is reduced
> for a name
> מ־ m-: for; שם šm: name
> משם mšm
> מ־ m-: for; שם šm: name
> for a name
> that is [really] longer,
> גדול gdwl: big, great
> גדול gdwl
> גדול gdwl: big, great
> that is [really] longer,
> [such as] Shem
> שם šm: Shem
> שם šm
> שם šm: Shem
> [such as] Shem
> for Simeon
> מ־ m-: for; שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> משמעון mšmˁwn
> מ־ m-: for; שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> for Simeon
> or Samuel,
> שמואל šmwˀl: Samuel
> ושמואל wšmwˀl
> שמואל šmwˀl: Samuel
> or Samuel,
> or Noah
> נח nḥ: Noah
> נח nḥ
> נח nḥ: Noah
> or Noah
> for Nahor,
> מ־ m-: for; נחור nḥwr: Nahor
> מנחור mnḥwr
> מ־ m-: for; נחור nḥwr: Nahor
> for Nahor,
> or Dan
> דן dn: Dan
> דן dn
> דן dn: Dan
> or Dan
> for Daniel,
> מ־ m-: for; דניאל dnyˀl: Daniel
> מדניאל mdnyˀl
> מ־ m-: for; דניאל dnyˀl: Daniel
> for Daniel,
> or Gad
> גד gd: Gad
> גד gd
> גד gd: Gad
> or Gad
> for Gaddiel.
> מ־ m-: for; גדיאל gdyˀl: Gaddiel
> מגדיאל mgdyˀl
> מ־ m-: for; גדיאל gdyˀl: Gaddiel
> for Gaddiel.

> Shabbat 12:3.d

### Raping women with the penis is forbidden, by other means it is permitted.

#### Shabbat 12:4.a

> Encrypted: Even if one ravages two women in just one moment of forgetfulness one, one is guilty. If one ravages them with actual sexual intercourse, or with the secret thingy, or with the membrum, or with the hidden organ, or with the plowshare, or with any thing that leaves a trace, on the two pressed together places, or on the two moistures of the pleasure region, and they were enclosed this one with that one, one is guilty.

> Official: Even if one writes two letters of the alphabet, in just one moment of forgetfulness one, one is guilty. If one writes them with writing ink, with color pigments, with red paint, with gum based ink, or with vitriol, or with any thing that makes a mark, on the two walls of a corner, or on the two boards of a writing tablet, and they can be read this one with that one, one is guilty.

> [Even if one] ravages
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> הכותב hkwtb
> כתב ktb: write
> [Even if one] writes
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> women
> איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
> אותיות ˀwtywt
> אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
> letters [of the alphabet],
> in [just one moment] of forgetfulness
> ב־ b-: in; עלם ˁlm: forgetfulness
> בהעלם bhˁlm
> ב־ b-: in; עלם ˁlm: forgetfulness
> in [just one moment] of forgetfulness
> one,
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> one,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.
> [If one] ravages [them]
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> כתב ktb
> כתב ktb: write
> [If one] writes [them]
> with [actual] sexual intercourse [?],
> ב־ b-: with; ידע ydˁ: know, love, have sexual intercourse with
> בדיו bdyw
> ב־ b-: with; דיו dyw: fluid, writing ink
> with writing ink,
> or with the secret thingy,
> ב־ b-: with; סימה symh: secret, hidden thing
> בסם bsm
> ב־ b-: with; סם sm: color, pigment
> with color pigments,
> or with the membrum,
> ב־ b-: with; זכר zkr: male, membrum
> בסקרא bsqrˀ
> ב־ b-: with; סקר sqr: paint red
> with red paint,
> or with the hidden [organ?],
> ב־ b-: with; כמס kms: hide, hidden; קומיס qwmys: comes, attendant of magistrates
> בקומוס bqwmws
> ב־ b-: with; קומוס qwmws: gum, resin
> with gum [based ink],
> or with the plowshare,
> ב־ b-: with; קנקן qnqn: coulter, plowshare
> ובקנקנתום wbqnqntwm
> ב־ b-: with; קנקנתום qnqntwm: calcanthum, vitriol
> or with vitriol,
> or with any
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all, any
> ובכל wbkl
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all, any
> or with any
> thing
> דבר dbr: thing
> דבר dbr
> דבר dbr: thing
> thing
> that
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> that
> [leaves] a trace,
> רושם rwšm: mark, trace
> רושם rwšm
> רשם ršm: inscribe, note, mark
> [makes] a mark,
> on
> על ˁl: against, into
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon
> on
> the two
> שני šny: two, second
> שני šny
> שני šny: two, second
> the two
> pressed together
> כותל kwtl: press together
> כתלי ktly
> כתל ktl: wall
> walls
> places [??],
> זוי zwy: place
> זויות zwywt
> זוי zwy: corner
> of a corner,
> or on
> על ˁl: upon, over
> ועל wˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> or on
> the two
> שני šny: two, second
> שני šny
> שני šny: two, second
> the two
> moistures [??]
> ליחה lyḥh: moisture, secretion
> לוחי lwḥy
> לוח lwḥ: board, tablet
> boards
> of the pleasure [region??],
> פונק pwnq: pleasure, physical enjoyment
> פנקס pnqs
> פינקס pynqs: board, tablet
> of a [writing] tablet,
> and they
> הן hn: they
> והן whn
> הן hn: they
> and they
> [were] enclosed
> גין gyn: cover, surround with; גנן gnn: shelter
> נהגין nhgyn
> הגה hgh: read; הגיון hgywn: reading
> [can] be read
> this one
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> this one
> with
> עם ˁm: with
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> with
> that one,
> זה zh: that
> זה zh
> זה zh: that
> that one,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.

> Shabbat 12:4.a

#### Shabbat 12:4.b

> Encrypted: If one ravages them using one’s own penis, one is guilty. If one just scratches them using one’s own penis, lord Eliezer deems it as being guilty of a mistake. But lord Joshua deems it exempt.

> Official: If one writes them on one’s own flesh, one is guilty. If one just scratches letters on one’s own flesh, rabbi Eliezer deems it as being obligated for a sin-offering. But rabbi Joshua deems it exempt.

> [If one] ravages [them]
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> הכותב hkwtb
> כתב ktb: write
> [If one] writes [them]
> using
> על ˁl: using
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> on
> [one’s own] penis,
> בסר bsr: flesh, penis
> בשרו bšrw
> בשר bšr: flesh
> [one’s own] flesh,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.
> [If one just] scratches [them]
> מ־ m-: of; שארות šˀrwt: kinship, relationship
> המסרט hmsrṭ
> מ־ m-: of; סרט srṭ: scratch, prick
> [If one just] scratches [letters]
> using
> על ˁl: using
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> on
> [one’s own] penis,
> בסר bsr: flesh, penis
> בשרו bšrw
> בשר bšr: flesh
> [one’s own] flesh,
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> [deems it as] being guilty
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> מחיב mḥyb
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [deems it as] being obligated
> of a mistake.
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> [for] a sin-offering.
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Joshua
> יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
> יהושע yhwšˁ
> יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
> Joshua
> [deems it] exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטר pwṭr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [deems it] exempt.

> Shabbat 12:4.b

#### Shabbat 12:5.a

> Encrypted: If one ravages them with one’s liquid, with the water of fertility, in the cleft of the legs, in the cleft of the anus, or in any manner which does not endure, then one is exempt.

> Official: If one writes with certain liquids, with water of fruit, with dust of the road, with dust of a scribe, or with any thing which does not endure, then one is exempt.

> [If one] ravages [them]
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> כתב ktb
> כתב ktb: write
> [If one] writes
> with [one’s?] liquid,
> ב־ b-: with; משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
> במשקין bmšqyn
> ב־ b-: with; משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
> with [certain] liquids,
> with the water [?!?]
> ב־ b-: with; מי my: water
> במי bmy
> ב־ b-: with; מי my: water
> with water
> of fertility [?!?],
> פרי pry: fertility, produce, progeny
> פרות prwt
> פרי pry: fruit, produce
> of fruit,
> in the cleft
> ב־ b-: in; בקע bqˁ: split, cleft
> באבק bˀbq
> ב־ b-: with; אבק ˀbq: dust, powder
> with dust
> of the legs [???],
> דרך drk: tread, walk
> דרכים drkym
> דרך drk: way, path, road
> of the road,
> in the cleft
> ב־ b-: in; בקע bqˁ: split, cleft
> באבק bˀbq
> ב־ b-: with; אבק ˀbq: dust, powder
> with dust
> of the anus [???],
> זפר zpr: stink
> הסופרים hswprym
> ספר spr: write, scribe
> of a scribe,
> or in any
> ב־ b-: with, in; כל kl: all, any
> ובכל wbkl
> ב־ b-: with, in; כל kl: all, any
> or with any
> manner
> דברה dbrh: manner
> דבר dbr
> דבר dbr: thing
> thing
> which [does] not
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינו šˀynw
> ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
> which [does] not
> endure,
> מ־ m-: of; ת־ t-: of; קום qwm: endure, last
> מתקים mtqym
> מ־ m-: of; ת־ t-: of; קום qwm: endure, last
> endure,
> [then one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then one] is exempt.

> Shabbat 12:5.a

#### Shabbat 12:5.b

> Encrypted: Also into the hind part, in the legs, in the mouth, in the elbow.

> Official: Also with the back of the hand, with the foot, with the mouth, with the elbow.

> [Also] into the hind
> ל־ l-: into; אחר ˀḥr: behind
> לאחר lˀḥr
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: back
> [Also with] the back
> part [??],
> יד yd: portion, part
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand
> of the hand [??],
> in the legs [??],
> ב־ b-: in; רגל rgl: leg
> ברגלו brglw
> ב־ b-: with; רגל rgl: foot
> with the foot [??],
> in the mouth [??],
> ב־ b-: in; פי py: mouth
> בפיו bpyw
> ב־ b-: with; פי py: mouth
> with the mouth [??],
> in the elbow [??].
> ב־ b-: in; מרפק mrpq: elbow
> ובמרפקו wbmrpqw
> ב־ b-: with; מרפק mrpq: elbow
> with the elbow [??].

> Shabbat 12:5.b

#### Shabbat 12:5.c

> Encrypted: If one ravages a woman just one, even if it is adjacent to other rapings, or if one ravages at the place of other rapings, or if one planned to ravage a professional sinner and instead ravages two prostitutes, if one ravages one who is pleased or one who is satisfied with it, if one ravages on the two pressed together places, or on the two dripping places of the pleasure region, but they are not enclosed this one with that one, one is exempt.

> Official: If one writes a letter just one, even if it is adjacent to other writings, or if one writes over the place of other writings, or if one planned to write the letter Ḥet, and instead writes two letters Zayin, if one writes one on the ground and one on a beam, if one writes on the two walls of a corner, or on the two boards of a writing tablet, that are not read this one with that one, one is exempt.

> [If one] ravages
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> כתב ktb
> כתב ktb: write
> [If one] writes
> a woman
> איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
> אות ˀwt
> אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
> a letter
> [just] one,
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> [just] one,
> [even if it] is adjacent
> סמך smk: support, help
> סמוך smwk
> סמך smk: touch, adjacent to
> [even if it] is adjacent
> to [other] rapings,
> ל־ l-: to; חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> לכתב lktb
> ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write
> to [other] writings,
> or [if one] ravages
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> וכתב wktb
> כתב ktb: write
> or [if one] writes
> at
> על ˁl: upon, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> over
> the place of
> גבי gby: together with, at the place of
> גבי gby
> גבי gby: together with, at the place of
> the place of
> [other] rapings,
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> כתב ktb
> כתב ktb: write
> [other] writings,
> [or if one] planned
> נ־ n-: make; תכון tkwn: planning
> נתכון ntkwn
> נ־ n-: make; תכון tkwn: planning
> [or if one] planned
> to ravage
> ל־ l-: to; חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> לכתב lktb
> ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write
> to write
> a [professional?] sinner
> חטי ḥṭy: gratified, sin; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: sinner
> חית ḥyt
> חית ḥyt: heth, eighth letter
> the [letter] Ḥet,
> and [instead] ravages
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> וכתב wktb
> כתב ktb: write
> and [instead] writes
> two
> שני šny: two, second
> שני šny
> שני šny: two, second
> two
> prostitutes,
> זני zny: adultery, fornication, fornication, be a prostitute
> זינין zynyn
> זין zyn: zayin, seventh letter
> [letters] Zayin,
> [if one ravages] one
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> [if one writes] one
> [who] is pleased
> ב־ b-: in; רצה rṣh: pleased with
> בארץ bˀrṣ
> ב־ b-: on; ארץ ˀrṣ: earth, ground
> on the ground
> or one
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> ואחד wˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> and one
> [who] is satisfied [with it],
> ב־ b-: on; קורה qwrh: satisfaction, pleasure
> בקורה bqwrh
> ב־ b-: on; קורה qwrh: beam
> on a beam,
> [if one] ravages
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> כתב ktb
> כתב ktb: write
> [if one] writes
> on
> על ˁl: against, into
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon
> on
> the two
> שני šny: two, second
> שני šny
> שני šny: two, second
> the two
> pressed together
> כותל kwtl: press together
> כתלי ktly
> כתל ktl: wall
> walls
> places [??],
> בית byt: place
> הבית hbyt
> בית byt: house, school
> of a corner,
> or on
> על ˁl: upon, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> or on
> the two
> שני šny: two, second
> שני šny
> שני šny: two, second
> the two
> dripping [places??]
> טפף ṭpp: drip, drop
> דפי dpy
> דף dp: board, tablet
> boards
> of the pleasure [region??],
> פונק pwnq: pleasure, physical enjoyment
> פנקס pnqs
> פינקס pynqs: board, tablet
> of a [writing] tablet,
> [but they are] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [that are] not
> enclosed
> גין gyn: cover, surround with; גנן gnn: shelter
> נהגין nhgyn
> הגה hgh: read; הגיון hgywn: reading
> read
> this one
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> this one
> with
> עם ˁm: with
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> with
> that one,
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> that one,
> [one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is exempt.

> Shabbat 12:5.c

### Lords may rape women of common birth if it is for the troops.

#### Shabbat 12:5.d

> Encrypted: If one ravages a woman just one, as an arrangement for the guards, lord Joshua ben Bathyra deems it guilty. But the advisors exempt it.

> Official: If one writes a letter just one, as an abbreviation, rabbi Joshua ben Bathyra deems it guilty. But the advisors exempt it.

> [If one] ravages
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> כתב ktb
> כתב ktb: write
> [If one] writes
> a woman
> איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
> אות ˀwt
> אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
> a letter
> [just] one,
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> [just] one,
> [as] an arrangement [for] the guards [???],
> נטר nṭr: guard, guardian; קון qwn: arrange
> נוטריקון nwṭryqwn
> נוטריקון nwṭryqwn: notarikon, abbreviation
> [as] an abbreviation,
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Joshua
> יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
> יהושע yhwšˁ
> יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
> Joshua
> ben
> בן bn: son
> בן bn
> בן bn: son
> ben
> Bathyra
> בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
> בתירא btyrˀ
> בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
> Bathyra
> [deems it] guilty.
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> מחיב mḥyb
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [deems it] guilty.
> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> exempt [it].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטרין pwṭryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> exempt [it].

> Shabbat 12:5.d

#### Shabbat 12:6.a

> Encrypted: If one ravages two women in two separate acts of forgetfulness, one of servitude and the other one also among the multitudes, then lord Gamliel deems it guilty. But the advisors exempt it.

> Official: If one writes two letters of the alphabet, in two separate acts of forgetfulness, one at dawn and the other one during the evening, then rabban Gamliel deems it guilty. But the advisors exempt it.

> [If one] ravages
> חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
> הכותב hkwtb
> כתב ktb: write
> [If one] writes
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> women
> איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
> אותיות ˀwtywt
> אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
> letters [of the alphabet],
> in two
> ב־ b-: in; שני šny: two
> בשני bšny
> ב־ b-: in; שני šny: two
> in two
> [separate acts of] forgetfulness,
> עלם ˁlm: forgetfulness
> העלמות hˁlmwt
> עלם ˁlm: forgetfulness
> [separate acts of] forgetfulness,
> one
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one
> of servitude
> שוחרא šwḥrˀ: tribute, penal servitude
> שחרית šḥryt
> שחר šḥr: dawn
> [at] dawn
> and the [other] one
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> ואחת wˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> and the [other] one
> [also] among
> בין byn: among
> בין byn
> בין byn: during
> during
> the multitudes,
> ערב ˁrb: mixed multitude
> הערבים hˁrbym
> ערב ˁrb: evening
> the evening,
> [then] lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> [then] rabban
> Gamliel
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> גמליאל gmlyˀl
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> Gamliel
> [deems it] guilty.
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> מחיב mḥyb
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [deems it] guilty.
> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> exempt [it].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטרין pwṭryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> exempt [it].

> Shabbat 12:6.a

### Raping two or three women is forbidden.

#### Shabbat 13:1.a

> Encrypted: Lord Eliezer says: If one is desirous for three sins at the beginning of a new lusting, or one on which was already desired before, one is guilty. And the advisors say: Whether in the beginning or in the end, the forbidden amount is two sins.

> Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: If one weaves three threads at the beginning of a new fabric, or one on which was already woven before, one is guilty. And the advisors say: Whether in the beginning or in the end, the forbidden amount is two threads.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [If one] is desirous
> ראג rˀg: desirous for, coveting
> האורג hˀwrg
> ארג ˀrg: weave
> [If one] weaves
> [for] three
> שלש šlš: three
> שלשה šlšh
> שלש šlš: three
> three
> sins
> חוטא ḥwṭˀ: sinner; חטא ḥṭˀ: sin, seducer
> חוטין ḥwṭyn
> חוט ḥwṭ: thread, chord, strap
> threads
> at the beginning [of a new lusting],
> ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: start, begin
> בתחלה btḥlh
> ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: start, begin
> at the beginning [of a new fabric],
> or one
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> ואחת wˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> or one
> on
> על ˁl: upon, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> on
> [which was already] desired [before],
> ראג rˀg: desirous for, coveting
> האריג hˀryg
> ארג ˀrg: weave
> [which was already] woven [before],
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.
> And the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> Whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> Whether
> in the beginning
> ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: start, begin
> בתחלה btḥlh
> ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: start, begin
> in the beginning
> or
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> in the end,
> ב־ b-: in; סוף swp: end, finish
> בסוף bswp
> ב־ b-: in; סוף swp: end, finish
> in the end,
> the [forbidden] amount
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity
> שעורו šˁwrw
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity
> the [forbidden] amount
> [is] two
> שני šny: two, second
> שני šny
> שני šny: two, second
> [is] two
> sins.
> חוטא ḥwṭˀ: sinner; חטא ḥṭˀ: sin, seducer
> חוטין ḥwṭyn
> חוט ḥwṭ: thread, chord, strap
> threads.

> Shabbat 13:1.a

#### Shabbat 13:2.a

> Encrypted: If one does just two maiden girls with the “shaft”, with the “hook”, with the “squirter”, with the “membrum”, or with the “pricker”, one is guilty. Also if one breaks two “seams”, or tears on the “vessels”, so as to break two “seams”.

> Official: If one makes just two structures of meshes with a cross-rod, with a hook, with a winnow, with a sieve or with a basket, one is guilty. Also if one stitches two stitches, or tears on a garment so as to have to stitch two stitches to repair it.

> [If one] does
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> העושה hˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [If one] makes
> [just] two
> שני šny: two, second
> שני šny
> שני šny: two, second
> [just] two
> maiden
> בת bt: girl, maiden
> בתי bty
> ביתא bytˀ: structure
> structures
> girls
> נערה nˁrh: servant, girl, maid
> נירין nyryn
> ניר nyr: warp, mesh, cross-rod
> of meshes
> with the “shaft”,
> ב־ b-: with; ניר nyr: cross-rod, shaft of loom
> בנירין bnyryn
> ב־ b-: with; ניר nyr: cross-rod, shaft of loom
> with a cross-rod,
> with the “hook”,
> ב־ b-: with; קרס qrs: hook, clasp
> בקרוס bqrws
> ב־ b-: with; קרס qrs: hook, clasp
> with a hook,
> with the “squirter”,
> ב־ b-: with; נפע npˁ: blow, squirt into the mouth
> בנפה bnph
> ב־ b-: with; נפה nph: winnow, sieve
> with a winnow,
> with the “membrum”,
> ב־ b-: with; גבר gbr: membrum virile; גברו gbrw: male genitalia
> בכברה bkbrh
> ב־ b-: with; כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
> with a sieve
> or with the “pricker”,
> ב־ b-: with; סלוא slwˀ: rod, prick
> ובסל wbsl
> ב־ b-: with; סל sl: basket
> or with a basket,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.
> [Also if one] breaks
> תבר tbr: break
> והתופר whtwpr
> תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
> [Also if one] stitches
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> “seams”,
> תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
> תפירות tpyrwt
> תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
> stitches,
> or tears
> קרע qrˁ: tear, rend
> והקורע whqwrˁ
> קרע qrˁ: tear, rend
> or tears
> on
> על ˁl: upon, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> on
> the “vessels”,
> מן mn: thing, vessel, garment
> מנת mnt
> מן mn: thing, vessel, garment
> a garment
> [so as] to break
> ל־ l-: to; תבר tbr: break
> לתפר ltpr
> ל־ l-: to; תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
> [so as to have] to stitch
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> “seams”.
> תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
> תפירות tpyrwt
> תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
> stitches [to repair it].

> Shabbat 13:2.a

### Rulers may rape or hurt women out of sudden anger, but may not plan it.

#### Shabbat 13:3.a

> Encrypted: One who rends women in anger over a dead companion, or anyone who damages people because of that is excempt. But if one does damages on a “vessel” because one has planned it. the forbidden amount is like that of planned transgressions.

> Official: One who rends garments in anger over a dead friend, or anyone who damages things because of that is excempt. But if one does damages on a thing to repair something, the forbidden amount is like that of the repairing.

> [One who] rends [women]
> קרע qrˁ: tear, rend
> הקורע hqwrˁ
> קרע qrˁ: tear, rend
> [One who] rends [garments]
> in anger
> ב־ b-: in; חמה ḥmh: heat, anger
> בחמתו bḥmtw
> ב־ b-: in; חמה ḥmh: heat, anger
> in anger
> over
> על ˁl: upon, over
> ועל wˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> over
> a dead [companion?],
> מת mt: die, dead, death
> מתו mtw
> מת mt: die, dead, death
> a dead [friend],
> or anyone
> כל kl: all, any
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all, any
> or anyone
> [who] damages [people because of that]
> מ־ m-: of; קלקל qlql: corrupt, sin
> המקלקלין hmqlqlyn
> מ־ m-: of; קלקל qlql: spoil, damage, ruin
> [who] damages [things because of that]
> is excempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטורין pṭwryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> is excempt.
> [But if one does] damages
> מ־ m-: of; קלקל qlql: corrupt, sin
> והמקלקל whmqlql
> מ־ m-: of; קלקל qlql: spoil, damage, ruin
> [But if one does] damages
> on
> על ˁl: upon, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> on
> a “vessel”
> מן mn: thing, vessel, garment
> מנת mnt
> מן mn: thing, vessel, garment
> a thing
> [because one] has planned [it].
> ל־ l-: to; תכון tkwn: planning, designing
> לתקן ltqn
> ל־ l-: to; תקן tqn: correct, repair
> to repair [something],
> the [forbidden] amount
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
> שעורו šˁwrw
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
> the [forbidden] amount
> [is] like that of planned [transgressions].
> כ־ k-: as, like; מ־ m-: of; תכון tkwn: planning, designing
> כמתקן kmtqn
> כ־ k-: as, like; מ־ m-: of; תקן tqn: correct, repair
> [is] like that of the repairing.

> Shabbat 13:3.a

### Even sexual encounters out of true love are forbidden.

#### Shabbat 13:4.a

> Encrypted: Even the forbidden amount for sincerely affectionate shakings, or desires, or wipings, is like a full shaking of nakedness of the loins. If one is desirous for two such sins, the forbidden amount is like a full seduction.

> Official: The forbidden amount for whitening or beating flax, or dyeing, or spinning, is like the full width of a finger-span double. If one weaves two threads, the forbidden amount is like a full finger-span.

> [Even] the [forbidden] amount
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
> שעור šˁwr
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
> The [forbidden] amount
> [for] sincerely affectionate [??]
> מ־ m-: of; לבני lbny: heartfelt, sincere; לבניא lbnyˀ: loving, affectionate
> המלבן hmlbn
> מ־ m-: of; לבן lbn: white, whiten
> [for] whitening
> shakings [??],
> מ־ m-: of; נפץ npṣ: shake oneself off
> והמנפץ whmnpṣ
> מ־ m-: of; נפץ npṣ: shatter, beat
> or beating [flax],
> or desires,
> צבא ṣbˀ: desire
> והצובע whṣwbˁ
> צבע ṣbˁ: color, dye
> or dyeing,
> or wipings [??],
> טווח ṭwwḥ: pressing the bow; תחח tḥḥ: wipe off
> והטווה whṭwwh
> טוה ṭwh: spin
> or spinning,
> [is] like a full
> כ־ k-: as, like; מלא mlˀ: full
> כמלא kmlˀ
> כ־ k-: as, like; מלא mlˀ: full
> [is] like the full
> shaking [??]
> רחף rḥp: shake, tremble
> רחב rḥb
> רחב rḥb: width
> width
> of nakedness
> שיטו šyṭw: shame, nakedness; סויותא swywtˀ: desire
> הסיט hsyṭ
> סיט syṭ: palm, span
> of a finger-span
> of the loins.
> כפלא kplˀ: curve, groin, loin
> כפול kpwl
> כפל kpl: double
> double.
> [If one] is desirous
> ראג rˀg: desirous for, coveting
> והאורג whˀwrg
> ארג ˀrg: weave
> [If one] weaves
> [for] two
> שני šny: two
> שני šny
> שני šny: two
> two
> [such?] sins,
> חוטא ḥwṭˀ: sinner; חטא ḥṭˀ: sin, seducer
> חוטין ḥwṭyn
> חוט ḥwṭ: thread, chord, strap
> threads,
> the [forbidden] amount
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
> שעורו šˁwrw
> שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
> the [forbidden] amount
> [is] like a full
> כ־ k-: as, like; מלא mlˀ: full
> כמלא kmlˀ
> כ־ k-: as, like; מלא mlˀ: full
> [is] like a full
> seduction [??].
> סות swt: entice, seduce
> הסיט hsyṭ
> סיט syṭ: palm, span
> finger-span.

> Shabbat 13:4.a

### Imprisoning women for oneself is forbidden, except if it’s really an open prison.

#### Shabbat 13:5.a

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: If one traps a little “birdie” in one’s tower, or a woman in one’s house, one is guilty. And the advisors say: A little “birdie” in one’s tower, or a woman in one’s house or on one’s private property or in a cage of any sort.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: If one traps a bird in one’s cupboard, or a deer in one’s house, one is guilty. And the advisors say: A bird in one’s cupboard, or a deer in one’s house or on one’s private property or in a cage of any sort.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [If one] traps
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> הצד hṣd
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> [If one] traps
> a little “birdie”
> צפורה ṣpwrh: little bird, birdie
> צפור ṣpwr
> צפור ṣpwr: bird
> a bird
> in [one’s] tower,
> ל־ l-: into; מגדל mgdl: tower, cupboard
> למגדל lmgdl
> ל־ l-: into; מגדל mgdl: tower, cupboard
> in [one’s] cupboard,
> or a woman
> צביה ṣbyh: lovely woman
> וצבי wṣby
> צבי ṣby: deer
> or a deer
> in [one’s] house,
> ל־ l-: into; בית byt: house
> לבית lbyt
> ל־ l-: into; בית byt: house
> in [one’s] house,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.
> And the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> A little “birdie”
> צפורה ṣpwrh: birdie
> צפור ṣpwr
> צפור ṣpwr: bird
> A bird
> in [one’s] tower,
> ל־ l-: into; מגדל mgdl: tower, cupboard
> למגדל lmgdl
> ל־ l-: into; מגדל mgdl: tower, cupboard
> in [one’s] cupboard,
> or a woman
> צביה ṣbyh: lovely woman
> וצבי wṣby
> צבי ṣby: deer
> or a deer
> in [one’s] house
> ל־ l-: into; בית byt: house
> לבית lbyt
> ל־ l-: into; בית byt: house
> in [one’s] house
> or on [one’s] private property
> ל־ l-: into; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> ולחצר wlḥṣr
> ל־ l-: into; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> or on [one’s] private property
> or in a cage [of any sort].
> ל־ l-: into; ביבר bybr: vivarium, animal cage
> ולביברין wlbybryn
> ל־ l-: into; ביבר bybr: vivarium, animal cage
> or in a cage [of any sort].

> Shabbat 13:5.a

#### Shabbat 13:5.b

> Encrypted: Lord Simeon ben Gamliel says: Not all cages are equal. This is the general rule: If the caging is actually too deficient to really hold the woman captive, then one is exempt. If it is not deficient to hold the woman captive, then one is guilty.

> Official: Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says: Not all cages are equal. This is the general rule: If the caging is actually too deficient to really hold the animal captive, then one is exempt. If it is not deficient to hold the animal captive, then one is guilty.

> Lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> Rabban
> Simeon ben Gamliel
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
> Simeon ben Gamliel
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Not
> all
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> all
> cages
> ביבר bybr: vivarium, animal cage
> הביברין hbybryn
> ביבר bybr: vivarium, animal cage
> cages
> are equal.
> שוי šwy: equal, equivalent
> שוין šwyn
> שוי šwy: equal, equivalent
> are equal.
> This [is]
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> This [is]
> the general rule:
> כלל kll: general rule
> הכלל hkll
> כלל kll: general rule
> the general rule:
> [If the caging is actually too] deficient
> מ־ m-: of; חסר ḥsr: lacking, defective, deficient
> מחסר mḥsr
> מ־ m-: of; חסר ḥsr: lacking, defective, deficient
> [If the caging is actually too] deficient
> [to really] hold [the woman] captive,
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> צידה ṣydh
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> [to really] hold [the animal] captive,
> [then one] is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [then one] is exempt.
> [If it is] not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> ושאינו wšˀynw
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [If it is] not
> deficient
> מ־ m-: of; חסר ḥsr: lacking, defective, deficient
> מחסר mḥsr
> מ־ m-: of; חסר ḥsr: lacking, defective, deficient
> deficient
> to hold [the woman] captive,
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> צידה ṣydh
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> to hold [the animal] captive,
> [then one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [then one] is guilty.

> Shabbat 13:5.b

### Only the person who starts a raping is guilty, others who follow-up are exempt.

#### Shabbat 13:6.a

> Encrypted: If a woman enters into a house by herself, and abuses her one person before him, then that one is guilty.

> Official: If the deer enters into the house by itself, and locks one person the door before it, then that one is guilty.

> [If] a woman
> צביה ṣbyh: lovely woman
> צבי ṣby
> צבי ṣby: deer
> [If] the deer
> enters
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; כנס kns: enter
> שנכנס šnkns
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; כנס kns: enter
> enters
> into a house [by herself],
> ל־ l-: to; בית byt: house, school
> לבית lbyt
> ל־ l-: to; בית byt: house, school
> into the house [by itself],
> and abuses [her??]
> נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
> ונעל wnˁl
> נעל nˁl: close, lock up
> and locks
> one [person]
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> one [person]
> before [him],
> בפני bpny: in front of
> בפניו bpnyw
> בפני bpny: in front of
> [the door] before [it],
> [then that one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [then that one] is guilty.

> Shabbat 13:6.a

#### Shabbat 13:6.b

> Encrypted: And if the woman is abused by two persons, they are excempt. But if not could one person abuse a strong woman and therefore she must be abused by two persons, they are guilty. But lord Simeon still deems it excempt.

> Official: And if the door is locked by two persons, they are excempt. But if not could one person lock the heavy door and therefore it must be locked by two persons, they are guilty. But rabbi Simeon still deems it excempt.

> [And if the woman] is abused [??]
> נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
> נעלו nˁlw
> נעל nˁl: close, lock up
> [And if the door] is locked
> [by] two [persons],
> שנים šnym: two
> שנים šnym
> שנים šnym: two
> [by] two [persons],
> [they] are excempt [???].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטורין pṭwryn
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [they] are excempt [???].
> [But if] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [But if] not
> could
> יכל ykl: can, able
> יכל ykl
> יכל ykl: can, able
> could
> one [person]
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> one [person]
> abuse [a strong woman??]
> ל־ l-: to; נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
> לנעל lnˁl
> ל־ l-: to; נעל nˁl: close, lock up
> lock [the heavy door?]
> and [therefore she must] be abused [??]
> נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
> ונעלו wnˁlw
> נעל nˁl: close, lock up
> and [therefore it must] be locked
> [by] two [persons],
> שנים šnym: two
> שנים šnym
> שנים šnym: two
> [by] two [persons],
> [they] are guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיבין ḥybyn
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [they] are guilty.
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> Simeon
> [still deems it] excempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטר pwṭr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [still deems it] excempt.

> Shabbat 13:6.b

#### Shabbat 13:7.a

> Encrypted: If sits one person on a woman, but has not entered her, and sits a second person on her and enters her, then the second person is guilty.

> Official: If sits one person on the doorway, but not fills it completely, and sits a second person on it and fills it completely, then the second person is guilty.

> [If] sits
> ישב yšb: sit
> ישב yšb
> ישב yšb: sit
> [If] sits
> one [person]
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> האחד hˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> one [person]
> on
> על ˁl: upon, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> on
> a woman [??],
> פתה pth: enticed, seduced woman
> הפתח hptḥ
> פתח ptḥ: doorway, entrance
> the doorway,
> but [has] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> but not
> entered [her??],
> מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
> מלאהו mlˀhw
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> fills [it completely],
> and sits
> ישב yšb: sit
> ישב yšb
> ישב yšb: sit
> and sits
> a second [person on her]
> שני šny: two, second
> השני hšny
> שני šny: two, second
> a second [person on it]
> and enters [her??],
> מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
> ומלאהו wmlˀhw
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> and fills [it completely],
> [then] the second [person]
> שני šny: two, second
> השני hšny
> שני šny: two, second
> [then] the second [person]
> is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> is guilty.

> Shabbat 13:7.a

#### Shabbat 13:7.b

> Encrypted: But if sits the first person on a woman and enters her, and then the second person sits at his side, even if stands up the first person and walks himself away, the first person is still guilty because he started it, and the second person is exempt.

> Official: But if sits the first person on the doorway and fills it completely, and then the second person sits at his side, even if stands up the first person and walks himself away, the first person is still guilty because he started it, and the second person is exempt.

> [But if] sits
> ישב yšb: sit
> ישב yšb
> ישב yšb: sit
> [But if] sits
> the first [person]
> ראשון rˀšwn: first
> הראשון hrˀšwn
> ראשון rˀšwn: first
> the first [person]
> on
> על ˁl: upon, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> on
> a woman [??]
> פתה pth: enticed, seduced woman
> הפתח hptḥ
> פתח ptḥ: doorway, entrance
> the doorway
> and enters [her??],
> מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
> ומלאהו wmlˀhw
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> and fills [it completely],
> and then
> בא bˀ: next
> ובא wbˀ
> בא bˀ: next
> and then
> the second [person]
> שני šny: two, second
> השני hšny
> שני šny: two, second
> the second [person]
> sits
> ישב yšb: sit
> וישב wyšb
> ישב yšb: sit
> sits
> at his side,
> ב־ b-: on, at; צד ṣd: join, side
> בצדו bṣdw
> ב־ b-: on, at; צד ṣd: join, side
> at his side,
> even [if]
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even [if]
> stands up
> ש־ š-: that; עמד ˁmd: stand, stand up
> שעמד šˁmd
> ש־ š-: that; עמד ˁmd: stand, stand up
> stands up
> the first [person]
> ראשון rˀšwn: first
> הראשון hrˀšwn
> ראשון rˀšwn: first
> the first [person]
> and walks
> הלך hlk: go
> והלך whlk
> הלך hlk: go
> and walks
> himself [away],
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> himself [away],
> the first [person]
> ראשון rˀšwn: first
> הראשון hrˀšwn
> ראשון rˀšwn: first
> the first [person]
> is [still] guilty [because he started it],
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> is [still] guilty [because he started it],
> and the second [person]
> שני šny: two, second
> והשני whšny
> שני šny: two, second
> and the second [person]
> is exempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> is exempt.

> Shabbat 13:7.b

#### Shabbat 13:7.c

> Encrypted: This case, to what is this similar? To one who locks up a woman to guard her, and thereby makes it usual that a woman was kept imprisoned in the middle of the house.

> Official: This case, to what is this similar? To one who locks up the house to guard it, and later finds that a deer was kept caged in the middle of the house.

> This [case],
> הא hˀ: this, here, since
> הא hˀ
> הא hˀ: this, here, since
> This [case],
> to what
> ל־ l-: to; מה mh: what
> למה lmh
> ל־ l-: to; מה mh: what
> to what
> [is] this
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> [is] this
> similar?
> דומה dwmh: similar, like
> דומה dwmh
> דומה dwmh: similar, like
> similar?
> To [one who] locks up
> ל־ l-: to; נעל nˁl: close, lock up
> לנועל lnwˁl
> ל־ l-: to; נעל nˁl: close, lock up
> To [one who] locks up
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a woman [??]
> בת bt: girl, maiden, young woman
> ביתו bytw
> בית byt: house
> the house
> to guard [her],
> ל־ l-: to; שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
> לשמרו lšmrw
> ל־ l-: to; שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
> to guard [it],
> and [thereby makes it??] usual
> נ־ n-: make; מצוא mṣwˀ: usual, common, frequent
> ונמצא wnmṣˀ
> נ־ n-: make; מצא mṣˀ: find, found
> and [later] finds
> [that] a woman
> צביה ṣbyh: lovely woman
> צבי ṣby
> צבי ṣby: deer
> [that] a deer
> was kept [imprisoned]
> שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
> שמור šmwr
> שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
> was kept [caged]
> in the middle [of the house].
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> בתוכו btwkw
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> in the middle [of the house].

> Shabbat 13:7.c

## Dealing with fighting crowds

### One may capture low-level agents, but not just for profit.

#### Shabbat 14:1.a

> Encrypted: As for the eight types of agents that are spoken of in the Torah, if one captures or wounds them, one is guilty. As for the rest of the detestable low-level informers, if one wounds them, one is excempt.

> Official: As for the eight types of creeping animals that are spoken of in the Torah, if one captures or wounds them, one is guilty. As for the rest of the detestable creeping animals, if one wounds them, one is excempt.

> [As for] the eight
> שמנה šmnh: eight
> שמנה šmnh
> שמנה šmnh: eight
> [As for] the eight
> [types] of agents
> סרסא srsˀ: agent; סרסור srswr: middleman, agent
> שרצים šrṣym
> שרץ šrṣ: swarm, creep, reptile
> [types] of creeping animals
> [that] are spoken of
> אמר ˀmr: say, speak
> האמורים hˀmwrym
> אמר ˀmr: say, speak
> [that] are spoken of
> in the Torah,
> ב־ b-: in; תורה twrh: Torah
> בתורה btwrh
> ב־ b-: in; תורה twrh: Torah
> in the Torah,
> [if one] captures
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> הצדן hṣdn
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> [if one] captures
> or wounds
> חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
> והחובל whḥwbl
> חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
> or wounds
> them,
> ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
> them,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.
> [As for] the rest
> שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
> ושאר wšˀr
> שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
> [As for] the rest
> of the detestable
> שקץ šqṣ: loathe, detest, abomination
> שקצים šqṣym
> שקץ šqṣ: loathe, detest, abomination
> of the detestable
> [low-level] informers,
> רמז rmz: intimate, sign, signaler, informer
> ורמשים wrmšym
> רמש rmš: swarm, creep, reptiles
> creeping animals,
> [if one] wounds
> חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
> החובל hḥwbl
> חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
> [if one] wounds
> them,
> ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
> them,
> [one] is excempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is excempt.

> Shabbat 14:1.a

#### Shabbat 14:1.b

> Encrypted: If one captures them for some specific profiteering, one is guilty, if it is not for some specific profiteering, one is excempt. As for informers and duplicitous agents that are under one’s control anyway, if one captures them, one is excempt, but if one wounds them, one is guilty.

> Official: If one captures them for a specific need, one is guilty, if it is not for a specific need, one is excempt. As for beasts and birds that are under one’s control anyway, if one captures them, one is excempt, but if one wounds them, one is guilty.

> [If one] captures [them]
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> הצדן hṣdn
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> [If one] captures [them]
> for [some specific] profiteering,
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, profit
> לצרך lṣrk
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, profit
> for a [specific] need,
> [one] is guilty,
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty,
> [if it is] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> [if it is] not
> for [some specific] profiteering,
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, profit
> לצרך lṣrk
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, profit
> for a [specific] need,
> [one] is excempt.
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is excempt.
> [As for] informers
> חוי ḥwy: announce, informed
> חיה ḥyh
> חיה ḥyh: animal, beast
> [As for] beasts
> and duplicitous [agents?]
> עוף ˁwp: double; עפיפו ˁpypw: duplicity
> ועוף wˁwp
> עוף ˁwp: bird
> and birds
> that are [under one’s] control [anyway],
> ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: ownership, power, authority, control
> שברשותו šbršwtw
> ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: ownership, power, authority, control
> that are [under one’s] control [anyway],
> [if one] captures [them],
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> הצדן hṣdn
> צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
> [if one] captures [them],
> [one] is excempt,
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פטור pṭwr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> [one] is excempt,
> but [if one] wounds
> חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
> והחובל whḥwbl
> חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
> but [if one] wounds
> them,
> ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
> them,
> [one] is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
> [one] is guilty.

> Shabbat 14:1.b

### One mustn’t turn the subjects into warriors, they may only fight enmeshed in deceptions.

#### Shabbat 14:2.a

> Encrypted: One may not produce truly powerful warriors in war, but may make one the people fight, and immerse in them a deception, or place in their middle a pretense.

> Official: One may not make brine on Sabbath, but may make one water salty, and dip in it bread, or place in its middle boiled food.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> produce
> עשה ˁšh: produce
> עושין ˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> make
> [truly] powerful [warriors??]
> אלם ˀlm: strong, violent, powerful
> הילמי hylmy
> הילמי hylmy: brine for pickling
> brine
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [may] make
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עושה ˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [may] make
> one
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> one
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the people
> עם ˁm: people
> מי my
> מי my: water
> water
> fight,
> לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
> המלח hmlḥ
> מלח mlḥ: salt
> salty,
> and immerse
> טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> וטובל wṭwbl
> טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> and dip
> in them
> ב־ b-: in; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: in; הן hn: they
> in it
> a deception,
> פתה pth: foolish, seduce, deceive
> פתו ptw
> פת pt: piece of bread
> bread,
> or place
> נתן ntn: give, put, place
> ונותן wnwtn
> נתן ntn: give, put, place
> or place
> in [their] middle
> ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
> in [its] middle
> a pretense.
> בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
> התבשיל htbšyl
> בשל bšl: ripen, boil
> boiled [food].

> Shabbat 14:2.a

#### Shabbat 14:2.b

> Encrypted: Says lord Yose: But is it not that they are still violent, whether much or little?

> Official: Says rabbi Yose: But is it not that it is still brine, whether much or little?

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yose:
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose:
> But is it not [that]
> הלא hlˀ: is it not so
> והלא whlˀ
> הלא hlˀ: is it not so
> But is it not [that]
> they [are still]
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it [is still]
> violent,
> אלם ˀlm: strong, violent, powerful
> הילמי hylmy
> הילמי hylmy: brine for pickling
> brine,
> whether
> בין byn: as well as
> בין byn
> בין byn: as well as
> whether
> much
> מ־ m-: of; רב rb: much, many
> מרבה mrbh
> מ־ m-: of; רב rb: much, many
> much
> or
> בין byn: as well as
> ובין wbyn
> בין byn: as well as
> or
> little?
> מעט mˁṭ: little, few, small
> מעט mˁṭ
> מעט mˁṭ: little, few, small
> little?

> Shabbat 14:2.b

#### Shabbat 14:2.c

> Encrypted: But these, they are the types of people fighting that are permitted: If one puts specially appointed persons in the beginning into the middle of the people, or into the middle of the warriors.

> Official: But these, they are the types of water salty that are permitted: If one puts oil in the beginning into the middle of the water, or into the middle of the salt.

> But these,
> אלה ˀlh: these
> ואלו wˀlw
> אלה ˀlh: these
> But these,
> they [are]
> הן hn: they
> הן hn
> הן hn: they
> they [are]
> the [types of] people
> עם ˁm: people
> מי my
> מי my: water
> the [types of] water
> fighting
> לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
> מלח mlḥ
> מלח mlḥ: salt
> salty
> [that] are permitted:
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> המתרין hmtryn
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> [that] are permitted:
> [If one] puts
> נתן ntn: give, put, place
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give, put, place
> [If one] puts
> [specially] appointed [persons]
> זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
> שמן šmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> oil
> in the beginning
> ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: begin
> בתחלה btḥlh
> ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: begin
> in the beginning
> into the middle
> ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of the people,
> עמים ˁmym: people
> המים hmym
> מים mym: water
> of the water,
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> into the middle
> ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of the warriors [??].
> לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
> המלח hmlḥ
> מלח mlḥ: salt
> of the salt.

> Shabbat 14:2.c

### Rulers mustn’t reveal their actual oppression to battle-ready subjects, but only gossip.

#### Shabbat 14:3.a

> Encrypted: One may not reveal unpleasant things of the oppression in war, because they are not usually revealed by the nobility. But may reveal one dispersed gossip and spread bubbled-up rumours of the ruler.

> Official: One may not eat hyssop of Greece on Sabbath, because it is not usually eaten by healthy people. But may eat one polytrichon and drink juice from the reed of the shepherd.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> reveal
> גלא glˀ: reveal
> אוכלין ˀwklyn
> אכל ˀkl: eat
> eat
> unpleasant [things]
> עזוב ˁzwb: unpleasant
> אזוב ˀzwb
> אזוב ˀzwb: hyssop
> hyssop
> of the oppression
> יני yny: vex, oppress; ענוי ˁnwy: oppression
> יון ywn
> יון ywn: Greek
> of Greece
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> because
> לפי lpy: because
> לפי lpy
> לפי lpy: because
> because
> [they are] not [usually]
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינו šˀynw
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [it is] not [usually]
> revealed
> מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal
> מאכל mˀkl
> מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat
> eaten
> [by] the nobility.
> אביר ˀbyr: mighty, eminent, noble
> בריאים bryˀym
> בריא bryˀ: healthy, sound
> [by] healthy [people].
> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> [may] reveal
> גלא glˀ: reveal
> אוכל ˀwkl
> אכל ˀkl: eat
> [may] eat
> one
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> one
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> dispersed [gossip?]
> זרע zrˁ: scatter; זרה zrh: disperse
> יועזר ywˁzr
> יועזר ywˁzr: polytrichon
> polytrichon
> and spread
> ישט yšṭ: stretch, spread; שותא šwtˀ: talk
> ושותה wšwth
> שתה šth: drink
> and drink
> bubbled-up [rumours?]
> בעבע bˁbˁ: bubble up, gush out; עבא ˁbˀ: swell, spread rumour
> אבוב ˀbwb
> אבוב ˀbwb: pipe, reed
> [juice from?] the reed
> of the ruler.
> רעה rˁh: guide, rule, ruler
> רועה rwˁh
> רועה rwˁh: shepherd; רעה rˁh: lead a flock
> of the shepherd.

> Shabbat 14:3.a

### Revelations needed for keeping up a disguise may be revealed.

#### Shabbat 14:3.b

> Encrypted: Also all revelations revealed as a disguise for the nobility, and all revelations that are just covers put on, except revelations about people who are deceivers and covers of traitors, because they are important to keep things hidden.

> Official: Also all foods eaten by a man as a medicine, and all drinks drunk, except water of palm trees and drinks of roots, because they are important for jaundice.

> [Also] all
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> [Also] all
> revelations [??]
> גלא glˀ: reveal
> האכלין hˀklyn
> אכל ˀkl: eat, food
> foods
> revealed [??]
> גלא glˀ: reveal
> אוכל ˀwkl
> אכל ˀkl: eat, food
> eaten
> [as?] a disguise
> דמא dmˀ: disguise
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> [by] a man
> for the nobility,
> ל־ l-: for; רבא rbˀ: nobleman; רבביא rbbyˀ: nobles, magnates
> לרפואה lrpwˀh
> ל־ l-: for; רפואה rpwˀh: healing, cure, medicine
> as a medicine,
> and all
> כל kl: all, any
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all, any
> and all
> [revelations that are just?] covers
> מסכה mskh: covering; מסך msk: screen, curtain
> המשקין hmšqyn
> משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
> drinks
> put on,
> שת št: put, place
> שותה šwth
> שתה šth: drink
> drunk,
> except
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> except
> [revelations about?] people
> מ־ m-: from, of; עם ˁm: people
> ממי mmy
> מ־ m-: from, of; מי my: water
> water
> [who are] deceivers
> דגל dgl: false, liar, cheat, deceive
> דקלים dqlym
> דקל dql: palm-tree
> of palm trees
> and covers
> כוסי kwsy: covering
> וכוס wkws
> כוס kws: cup, drink
> and drinks
> of traitors,
> עקר ˁqr: rootless, treachery
> עקרים ˁqrym
> עקר ˁqr: root
> of roots,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> they [are]
> ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
> שהן šhn
> ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
> they [are]
> [important] to keep things hidden.
> ל־ l-: for; ערק ˁrq: flee, keep something hidden
> לירוקה lyrwqh
> ל־ l-: for; ירוקה yrwqh: moss, jaundice
> [important] for jaundice.

> Shabbat 14:3.b

#### Shabbat 14:3.c

> Encrypted: But information may spill anyone of the people who are deceivers if it is for personal veiling, and one may publicly doubt appointed traitors that are not used for the nobility.

> Official: But may drink anyone water of palm trees if it is for thirst, and one may enoint oneself with oil of roots that are not used as a medicine.

> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> [information may] spill [??]
> אשד ˀšd: pour, spill, harass
> שותה šwth
> שתה šth: drink
> [may] drink
> anyone
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> anyone
> of the people
> עם ˁm: people
> מי my
> מי my: water
> water
> [who are] deceivers
> דגל dgl: false, liar, cheat, deceive
> דקלים dqlym
> דקל dql: palm-tree
> of palm trees
> [if it is] for [personal] veiling,
> ל־ l-: for; צמה ṣmh: veil; צמצם ṣmṣm: veil
> לצמאו lṣmˀw
> ל־ l-: for; צמא ṣmˀ: thirst
> [if it is] for thirst,
> and [one may publicly] doubt [??]
> שך šk: doubt, suspicion
> וסך wsk
> סוך swk: pour, anoint
> and [one may] enoint [oneself]
> appointed
> זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
> שמן šmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> [with] oil
> traitors
> עקר ˁqr: rootless, treachery
> עקרין ˁqryn
> עקר ˁqr: root
> of roots
> that [are] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> that [are] not
> [used] for the nobility.
> ל־ l-: for; רבא rbˀ: nobleman; רבביא rbbyˀ: nobles, magnates
> לרפואה lrpwˀh
> ל־ l-: for; רפואה rpwˀh: healing, cure, medicine
> [used] as a medicine.

> Shabbat 14:3.c

### If there are suspicions with the troops, rulers may not immerse in them.

#### Shabbat 14:4.a

> Encrypted: If one has suspicions with one’s armed men, one may not immerse in them in violent situations, but may immerse one in them as in the usual way, and if one is immersed enough by that, then one is immersed.

> Official: If one has pain in the teeth, one may not sip into them vinegar, but may dip one food in it as in the usual way, and if one is healed enough by that, then one is healed.

> [If one has] suspicions
> חששא ḥššˀ: sense, fear, suspicion
> החושש hḥwšš
> חשש ḥšš: suffer, feel pain
> [If one has] pain
> with [one’s] armed [men],
> ב־ b-: with, to; זין zyn: armed, weapon
> בשניו bšnyw
> ב־ b-: in; שן šn: tooth
> in the teeth,
> [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> immerse
> גמע gmˁ: immerse
> יגמע ygmˁ
> גמע gmˁ: sip, swallow
> sip
> in them
> ב־ b-: in; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: in; הן hn: they
> into them
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [in] violent [situations],
> חמס ḥms: insult, violence
> החמץ hḥmṣ
> חמץ ḥmṣ: sour, vinegar
> vinegar,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [may] immerse
> מ־ m-: of; טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> מטבל mṭbl
> מ־ m-: of; טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> [may] dip
> one [in them]
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> one [food in it]
> as in the usual way,
> כ־ k-: as; דרך drk: way, manner
> כדרכו kdrkw
> כ־ k-: as; דרך drk: way, manner
> as in the usual way,
> and if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> and if
> [one] is immersed [enough by that],
> נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: disappear; תורף twrp: immersion
> נתרפא ntrpˀ
> נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: healing, cure, medicine
> [one] is healed [enough by that],
> [then one] is immersed.
> נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: disappear; תורף twrp: immersion
> נתרפא ntrpˀ
> נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: healing, cure, medicine
> [then one] is healed.

> Shabbat 14:4.a

## Relations in war

### Gay lords may not entangle with the troops, only with “special” troops.

#### Shabbat 14:4.b

> Encrypted: If one is suspected about one’s preferences in the loins, one may not entangle for desire or passion, but one may entangle oneself with specially appointed persons, but not with specially appointed persons who are commoners.

> Official: If one has pain in the loins, one may not enoint oneself with wine or vinegar, but one may enoint oneself with oil, but not with the oil of roses.

> [If one] is suspected
> חששא ḥššˀ: sense, fear, suspicion
> החושש hḥwšš
> חשש ḥšš: suffer, feel pain
> [If one has] pain
> [about one’s preferences?] in the loins,
> ב־ b-: in; מותן mwtn: loins
> במתניו bmtnyw
> ב־ b-: in; מותן mwtn: loins
> in the loins,
> [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> entangle
> סכך skk: entangle
> יסוך yswk
> סוך swk: pour, anoint
> enoint [oneself]
> [for] desire
> יען yˁn: desire
> יין yyn
> יין yyn: wine
> [with] wine
> or passion,
> חמס ḥms: heated, passionate
> וחמץ wḥmṣ
> חמץ ḥmṣ: sour, vinegar
> or vinegar,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may] entangle
> סכך skk: entangle
> סך sk
> סוך swk: pour, anoint
> [one may] enoint
> oneself
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> oneself
> [with]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [with]
> [specially] appointed [persons],
> זמן zmn: arrange, appoint, designate
> השמן hšmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> oil,
> but not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> but not
> [with specially] appointed [persons]
> זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
> שמן šmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> [with] the oil
> [who are] commoners.
> ירוד yrwd: low, common
> ורד wrd
> ורד wrd: rose
> of roses.

> Shabbat 14:4.b

#### Shabbat 14:4.c

> Encrypted: Men who are rulers may entangle even with specially appointed persons who are commoners in their troops, but only because it is their manner to entangle like that for pleasure all the time. Lord Simeon says: They’re all perverts, the men who are rulers, them.

> Official: Men who are kings may anoint themselves even with the oil of roses on their crushed wounds but only because it is their manner to anoint themselves like that for pleasure all the time. Rabbi Simeon says: All of Israel are like men who are kings, them.

> Men
> בן bn: son, man
> בני bny
> בן bn: son, man
> Men
> [who are] rulers
> מלך mlk: king, ruler
> מלכים mlkym
> מלך mlk: king, ruler
> [who are] kings
> [may] entangle
> סכך skk: entangle
> סכין skyn
> סוך swk: pour, anoint
> [may] anoint [themselves]
> [even with specially] appointed [persons]
> זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
> שמן šmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> [even with] the oil
> [who are] commoners
> ירוד yrwd: low, common
> ורד wrd
> ורד wrd: rose
> of roses
> in
> על ˁl: about, in
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: upon, over
> on
> their troops,
> גדוד gdwd: troop, band
> מכותיהן mkwtyhn
> מ־ m-: of; כתת ktt: crush, pound, beat
> their crushed [wounds]
> [but only] because
> ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
> שכן škn
> ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
> [but only] because
> [it is] their manner
> דרך drk: way, manner; ־ם -m: them
> דרכם drkm
> דרך drk: way, manner; ־ם -m: them
> [it is] their manner
> to entangle
> ל־ l-: to; סכך skk: entangle
> לסוך lswk
> ל־ l-: to; סוך swk: pour, anoint
> to anoint [themselves]
> [like that] for pleasure [all the time].
> ב־ b-: for; חלי ḥly: sweet, pleasant, lovely
> בחל bḥl
> ב־ b-: for; חלי ḥly: sweet, pleasant, lovely
> [like that] for pleasure [all the time].
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> שמעון šmˁwn
> שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
> Simeon
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [They’re] all
> כל kl: all, any
> כל kl
> כל kl: all, any
> All
> perverts,
> איסור ˀyswr: sexual; עול ˁwl: perversion
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> of Israel
> the men
> בן bn: son, man
> בני bny
> בן bn: son, man
> [are like] men
> [who are] rulers,
> מלך mlk: king, ruler
> מלכים mlkym
> מלך mlk: king, ruler
> [who are] kings,
> them.
> הם hm: they
> הם hm
> הם hm: they
> them.

> Shabbat 14:4.c

### True emotions are forbidden in war, quick sex is allowed.

#### Shabbat 15:1.a

> Encrypted: And these are the unions for which one is guilty of a crime: A union of kindness and a union of respect. Just as one is guilty for tying them, so is one guilty for untying them in war.

> Official: And these are the knots for which one is obligated to do a burnt-offering: The knot of a camel and the knot of a sailor. Just as one is guilty for tying them, so is one guilty for untying them on Sabbath.

> [And] these [are]
> אלו ˀlw: these
> אלו ˀlw
> אלו ˀlw: these
> [And] these [are]
> the unions
> קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> קשרים qšrym
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> the knots
> [for which one] is guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> שחיבין šḥybyn
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> [for which one] is obligated
> of a crime:
> עול ˁwl: crime, injustice
> עליהן ˁlyhn
> עלה ˁlh: burnt offering
> [to do] a burnt-offering:
> A union
> קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> קשר qšr
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> The knot
> of kindness [??]
> גמל gml: do good to, be kind, charitable; גמלא gmlˀ: couple, teaming arrangement
> הגמלין hgmlyn
> גמל gml: camel
> of a camel [??]
> and a union
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> וקשר wqšr
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> and the knot
> of respect [??].
> ספן spn: respect, care for, mind
> הספנין hspnyn
> ספן spn: sailor
> of a sailor.
> Just as
> כשם kšm: just as
> וכשם wkšm
> כשם kšm: just as
> Just as
> [one]
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> [one]
> is guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> is guilty
> for
> על ˁl: for, concerning
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: for, concerning
> for
> tying [them],
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> קשורן qšwrn
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> tying [them],
> so
> כך kk: thus, so
> כך kk
> כך kk: thus, so
> so
> [is one]
> הוא hwˀ: he
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he
> [is one]
> guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> guilty
> for
> על ˁl: for, concerning
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: for, concerning
> for
> untying [them in war].
> נתר ntr: sever, loosen, untie
> התרן htrn
> נתר ntr: sever, loosen, untie
> untying [them on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 15:1.a

#### Shabbat 15:1.b

> Encrypted: Lord Meir says: For all loose unions that one can untie with one hand, one is not guilty of a crime.

> Official: Rabbi Meir says: For all loose knots that one can untie with one hand, one is not obligated for a burnt-offering.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Meir
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> מאיר mˀyr
> מאיר mˀyr: Meir
> Meir
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [For] all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> [For] all
> [loose] unions
> קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> קשר qšr
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> [loose] knots
> that [one]
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> that [one]
> can
> יכל ykl: can, able
> יכול ykwl
> יכל ykl: can, able
> can
> untie
> ל־ l-: to; נתר ntr: sever, loosen, untie
> להתירו lhtyrw
> ל־ l-: to; נתר ntr: sever, loosen, untie
> untie
> with one
> ב־ b-: with; אחת ˀḥt: one
> באחת bˀḥt
> ב־ b-: with; אחת ˀḥt: one
> with one
> hand,
> מ־ m-: of; יד yd: hand
> מידיו mydyw
> מ־ m-: of; יד yd: hand
> hand,
> [one is] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one is] not
> guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> חיבין ḥybyn
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> obligated
> of a crime.
> עול ˁwl: crime, injustice
> עליו ˁlyw
> עלה ˁlh: burnt offering
> [for] a burnt-offering.

> Shabbat 15:1.b

#### Shabbat 15:2.a

> Encrypted: There may be to you unions that do not make one guilty of a crime, as it would be with a union of kindness or as with a union of respect.

> Official: There may be to you knots that do not make one liable for a burnt-offering, as it would be with the knot of the camel or as with the knot of the sailor.

> There [may] be
> יש yš: there is
> יש yš
> יש yš: there is
> There [may] be
> to you
> ל־ l-: to; ־ך -k: you
> לך lk
> ל־ l-: to; ־ך -k: you
> to you
> unions
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> קשרים qšrym
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> knots
> that [do] not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> that [do] not
> [make one] guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> חיבין ḥybyn
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> [make one] liable
> of a crime,
> עול ˁwl: crime, injustice
> עליהן ˁlyhn
> עלה ˁlh: burnt offering
> [for] a burnt-offering,
> as [it would be with] a union
> כ־ k-: as; קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> כקשר kqšr
> כ־ k-: as; קשר qšr: tie, knot
> as [it would be with] the knot
> of kindness [??]
> גמל gml: do good to, be kind, charitable; גמלא gmlˀ: couple, teaming arrangement
> הגמלין hgmlyn
> גמל gml: camel
> of the camel
> or as [with] a union
> כ־ k-: as; קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> וכקשר wkqšr
> כ־ k-: as; קשר qšr: tie, knot
> or as [with] the knot
> of respect.
> ספן spn: respect, care for, mind
> הספנין hspnyn
> ספן spn: sailor
> of the sailor.

> Shabbat 15:2.a

#### Shabbat 15:2.b

> Encrypted: So may join a lord in the gratifying part, or wantonness of mixing, or that of the enjoyable kind. One may also do perforations that are abusive or imposed on others, or a shake-up of desire or sexual intercourse, or a penetration of the flesh.

> Official: May tie a woman the opening part, or the string of her hair net, or that of her girdle. One may also tie the straps of a shoe or sandal, or the leather bags of wine or oil, or a pot of meat.

> [So may] join
> קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> קושרת qwšrt
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> [May] tie
> a lord
> שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
> אשה ˀšh
> אשה ˀšh: wife, woman
> a woman
> [in] the gratifying
> מ־ m-: of; פתה pth: seduce, entice, gratify
> מפתח mptḥ
> מ־ m-: of; פתח ptḥ: open, opening
> the opening
> part,
> חלק ḥlq: part, portion
> חלוקה ḥlwqh
> חלק ḥlq: part, portion
> part,
> or wantonness
> חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning, wantonness
> וחוטי wḥwṭy
> חוט ḥwṭ: thread, string
> or the string
> of mixing,
> סבך sbk: mix together, interwoven with
> סבכה sbkh
> סבך sbk: net, hair net
> of her hair net,
> or [that] of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> ושל wšl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> or [that] of
> the enjoyable [kind].
> פשיקא pšyqˀ: easy, pleasant, enjoyable
> פסיקיא psyqyˀ
> פסיקיא psyqyˀ: fascia, band, girdle
> [her] girdle.
> [One may also do] perforations [??]
> רצע rṣˁ: bore, pierce, perforate
> ורצועות wrṣwˁwt
> רצועה rṣwˁh: thong, strap, lash
> [One may also tie] the straps
> that are abusive
> מ־ m-: of; נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
> מנעל mnˁl
> מ־ m-: of; נעל nˁl: shoe
> of a shoe
> or imposed [on others??],
> ש־ š-: that; נטל nṭl: oppressed, overbearing, impose
> וסנדל wsndl
> סנדל sndl: sandalion, sandal
> or sandal,
> or a shake-up [??]
> נוד nwd: move to and fro; נודא nwdˀ: shaking
> ונודות wnwdwt
> נוד nwd: leather bottle, skin
> or the leather bags
> of desire
> יען yˁn: desire
> יין yyn
> יין yyn: wine
> of wine
> or sexual intercourse,
> זמן zmn: have sexual intercourse
> ושמן wšmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> or oil,
> or a penetration
> קדר qdr: penetrate, perforate
> וקדרה wqdrh
> קדר qdr: pot
> or a pot
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> the flesh.
> בשר bšr: flesh; בסרן bsrn: carnal; בסר bsr: penis
> בשר bšr
> בשר bšr: meat
> meat.

> Shabbat 15:2.b

#### Shabbat 15:2.c

> Encrypted: Lord Eliezer ben Jacob says: One may have such a union before human cattle, so that the true preferences will not come out.

> Official: Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: One may tie a knot before cattle, so that it will not go out.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer ben Jacob
> אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb: Eliezer ben Jacob
> אליעזר בן יעקב ˀlyˁzr bn yˁqb
> אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb: Eliezer ben Jacob
> Eliezer ben Jacob
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One may have such] a union
> קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> קושרין qwšryn
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> [One may tie] a knot
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> [human] cattle,
> בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> הבהמה hbhmh
> בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> cattle,
> so
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> so
> that [the true preferences will] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> that [it will] not
> come out.
> ת־ t-: will; יצא yṣˀ: go forth, come out
> תצא tṣˀ
> ת־ t-: will; יצא yṣˀ: go out
> go out.

> Shabbat 15:2.c

#### Shabbat 15:2.d

> Encrypted: One may have a union with a servant in the enjoyable fashion, but not in the perverted fashion. Lord Yehudah permits it. Generally, says lord Yehudah, all unions that are not of the lasting kind do not make one guilty of a crime.

> Official: One may tie a bucket with a girdle, but not with a rope. Rabbi Yehudah permits it. Generally, says rabbi Yehudah, all knots that are not of the lasting kind do not make one liable for a burnt-offering.

> [One may have] a union
> קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> קושרין qwšryn
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> [One may] tie
> [with] a servant
> דייל dyyl: attendant, serving person
> דלי dly
> דלי dly: bucket
> a bucket
> in the enjoyable [fashion],
> ב־ b-: in; פשיקא pšyqˀ: easy, pleasant, enjoyable
> בפסיקיא bpsyqyˀ
> ב־ b-: with; פסיקיא psyqyˀ: fascia, band, girdle
> with a girdle,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> in the perverted [fashion].
> ב־ b-: in; חבל ḥbl: corrupt, perverted
> בחבל bḥbl
> ב־ b-: with; חבל ḥbl: rope
> with a rope.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> permits [it].
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permits [it].
> Generally,
> כלל kll: all, general
> כלל kll
> כלל kll: all, general
> Generally,
> says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yehudah,
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah,
> all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all
> unions
> קשר qšr: join, connect, union
> קשר qšr
> קשר qšr: tie, knot
> knots
> that [are] not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינו šˀynw
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> that [are] not
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> the lasting [kind]
> קים qym: lasting, enduring
> קימא qymˀ
> קים qym: lasting, enduring
> the lasting [kind]
> [do] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [do] not
> [make one] guilty
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> חיבין ḥybyn
> חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
> [make one] liable
> of a crime.
> עול ˁwl: crime, injustice
> עליו ˁlyw
> עלה ˁlh: burnt offering
> [for] a burnt-offering.

> Shabbat 15:2.d

### Rulers may not lightly transfer wartime sex partners into peace or vice versa.

#### Shabbat 15:3.a

> Encrypted: One may embrace one’s sex objects even four or five times, and pass over one’s sexual encounters from the evening of war for during the war, but not from the war for after the end of the war.

> Official: One may fold one’s garments even four or five times, and press the beds from the evening of Sabbath for during the Sabbath, but not from the Sabbath for after the end of the Sabbath.

> [One may] embrace [??]
> מ־ m-: of; קפל qpl: hug, embrace
> מקפלין mqplyn
> מ־ m-: of; קפל qpl: fold
> [One may] fold
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [one’s sex??] objects
> כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
> [one’s] garments
> even
> אפלו ˀplw: even
> אפלו ˀplw
> אפלו ˀplw: even
> even
> four
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> ארבעה ˀrbˁh
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> or five
> חמש ḥmš: five
> וחמשה wḥmšh
> חמש ḥmš: five
> or five
> times,
> פעם pˁm: strike, beat, step
> פעמים pˁmym
> פעם pˁm: strike, beat, step
> times,
> and pass [over??]
> מצע mṣˁ: pass between
> ומציעין wmṣyˁyn
> מצע mṣˁ: press, bed, mattress
> and press
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [one’s] sexual [encounters]
> מיטה myṭh: sexual activity
> המטות hmṭwt
> מטה mṭh: couch, bed
> the beds
> from the evening
> מ־ m-: from; ליל lyl: night, evening
> מלילי mlyly
> מ־ m-: from; ליל lyl: night, evening
> from the evening
> of war
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath
> for [during] the war,
> ל־ l-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> לשבת lšbt
> ל־ l-: for; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> for [during] the Sabbath,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> from the war
> מ־ m-: from; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> משבת mšbt
> מ־ m-: from; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> from the Sabbath
> for [after] the end
> ל־ l-: for; מוצא mwṣˀ: exit
> למוצאי lmwṣˀy
> ל־ l-: for; מוצא mwṣˀ: exit
> for [after] the end
> of the war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of the Sabbath.

> Shabbat 15:3.a

#### Shabbat 15:3.b

> Encrypted: Lord Ishmael says: One may embrace one’s sex objects and pass over one’s sexual encounters from the time of cover-up for the war, and the substitutes among the war’s sexual encounters into the time of cover-up, but not those of the time of cover-up into a war.

> Official: Rabbi Ishmael says: One may fold one’s garments and press the beds from the day of atonement Yom Kippur for the Sabbath, and the fats of the Sabbath offerings on the day of atonement, but not those of the day of atonement on Sabbath.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Ishmael
> ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
> ישמעאל yšmˁˀl
> ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
> Ishmael
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One may] embrace [??]
> מ־ m-: of; קפל qpl: hug, embrace
> מקפלין mqplyn
> מ־ m-: of; קפל qpl: fold
> [One may] fold
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [one’s sex??] objects
> כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
> [one’s] garments
> and pass [over??]
> מצע mṣˁ: pass between
> ומציעין wmṣyˁyn
> מצע mṣˁ: press, bed, mattress
> and press
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [one’s] sexual [encounters]
> מיטה myṭh: sexual activity
> המטות hmṭwt
> מטה mṭh: couch, bed
> the beds
> from the time
> מ־ m-: from; יום ywm: time
> מיום mywm
> מ־ m-: from; יום ywm: day
> from the day
> of cover-up
> כפר kpr: cover, deny
> הכפורים hkpwrym
> כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
> of atonement [Yom Kippur]
> for the war,
> ל־ l-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> לשבת lšbt
> ל־ l-: for; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> for the Sabbath,
> and the substitutes
> חלף ḥlp: exchange, substitute
> וחלבי wḥlby
> חלב ḥlb: fat, grease, milk
> and the fats
> [among] the war’s
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of the Sabbath
> sexual [encounters]
> קרב qrb: be near, approach, sexually
> קרבין qrbyn
> קרב qrb: offer
> offerings
> into the time
> ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
> on the day
> of cover-up,
> כפר kpr: cover, deny
> הכפורים hkpwrym
> כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
> of atonement,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> (אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> [those] of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> [those] of
> the time
> יום ywm: time
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> the day
> of cover-up
> כפר kpr: cover, deny
> הכפורים hkpwrym
> כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
> of atonement
> into a war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת) bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 15:3.b

#### Shabbat 15:3.c

> Encrypted: Lord Akiva says: Not are those of the war to be sexually approached in the time of cover-up, and also not are those of the time of cover-up to be sexually approached in war.

> Official: Rabbi Akiva says: Not are those of Sabbath offered on the day of atonement, and also not are those of the day of atonement offered on Sabbath.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Not [are]
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> Not [are]
> [those] of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> [those] of
> the war
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> Sabbath
> to be sexually approached
> קרב qrb: be near, approach, sexually
> קרבין qrbyn
> קרב qrb: offer
> offered
> in the time
> ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
> on the day
> of cover-up,
> כפר kpr: cover, deny
> הכפורים hkpwrym
> כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
> of atonement,
> and also not [are]
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and also not [are]
> [those] of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> [those] of
> the time
> יום ywm: time
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day
> the day
> of cover-up
> כפר kpr: cover, deny
> הכפורים hkpwrym
> כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
> of atonement
> to be sexually approached
> קרב qrb: offer
> קרבין qrbyn
> קרב qrb: offer
> offered
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 15:3.c

## Secret documents

### All forbidden documents must be hidden from the troops.

#### Shabbat 16:1.a

> Encrypted: As for all documents that are forbidden, one must remove them because of the troops, whether one needs to read with them or does not read with them.

> Official: As for all documents that are holy, one may rescue them because of fire, whether one needs to read with them or does not read with them.

> [As for] all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> [As for] all
> documents
> כתב ktb: write, document
> כתבי ktby
> כתב ktb: write, document
> documents
> that are forbidden,
> קדש qdš: set apart, forbidden
> הקדש hqdš
> קדש qdš: holy
> that are holy,
> [one must] remove
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> [one may] rescue
> them
> אות ˀwt: same
> אותן ˀwtn
> אות ˀwt: same
> them
> because of
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because of
> the troops [??],
> טולקא ṭwlqˀ: troop, military unit
> הדלקה hdlqh
> דלקה dlqh: fire
> fire,
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> [one needs to] read
> ש־ š-: that; קרי qry: join, meet
> שקורין šqwryn
> ש־ š-: that; קרי qry: read, recite
> [one needs to] read
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> or
> בין byn: whether
> ובין wbyn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> [does] not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [does] not
> read
> קרי qry: join, meet
> קורין qwryn
> קרי qry: read, recite
> read
> with them.
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them.

> Shabbat 16:1.a

#### Shabbat 16:1.b

> Encrypted: Although such documents may be written in any language, they all need to be hidden away. And because of what may one not read with them in war? Because of the closing of all areas that may be examined during war.

> Official: Although documents may be written in any language, they all need to be stored away. And because of what may one not read with them on Sabbath? Because of the closing of the house of study on Sabbath.

> Although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> ואף על פי wˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> Although
> [such] documents [may be written]
> ש־ š-: that; כתב ktb: write, document
> שכתובים šktwbym
> ש־ š-: that; כתב ktb: write, document
> documents [may be written]
> in any
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, any
> בכל bkl
> ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, any
> in any
> language,
> לשון lšwn: tongue, language
> לשון lšwn
> לשון lšwn: tongue, language
> language,
> [they all] need to
> טעון ṭˁwn: requiring, needing
> טעונים ṭˁwnym
> טעון ṭˁwn: requiring, needing
> [they all] need to
> be hidden away.
> גנז gnz: hide, conceal
> גניזה gnyzh
> גנז gnz: store, file away
> be stored away.
> And because of
> מפני mpny: because of
> ומפני wmpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> And because of
> what
> מה mh: what
> מה mh
> מה mh: what
> what
> [may one] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [may one] not
> read
> קרי qry: read, recite
> קורין qwryn
> קרי qry: read, recite
> read
> with them [in war]?
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them [on Sabbath]?
> Because of
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> Because of
> the closing
> בטול bṭwl: ending, stoppage
> בטול bṭwl
> בטול bṭwl: ending, stoppage
> the closing
> of [all] areas [??]
> ביתא bytˀ: area
> בית byt
> בית byt: house
> of the house
> [that may be?] examined [during war].
> מ־ m-: of; דרש drš: inquire of, examine, question
> המדרש hmdrš
> מ־ m-: of; דרש drš: seek, study
> of study [on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 16:1.b

### All copies of a document must be hidden.

#### Shabbat 16:1.c

> Encrypted: One must also remove the copies of a document together with the document, the copies of a secret text together with the secret text, even though there may also be inside them monetary value.

> Official: One may also rescue the receptacle of a scroll together with the scroll, the receptacle of a prayer book together with the prayer book, even though there may also be inside them money.

> [One must also] remove
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> [One may also] rescue
> the copies [??]
> עתק ˁtq: copy (of a book)
> תיק tyq
> תיק tyq: sheath, chest, receptacle
> the receptacle
> of a document
> שפר špr: beautiful, fair, pleasant
> הספר hspr
> ספר spr: document, scroll, book
> of a scroll
> together with
> עם ˁm: with
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> together with
> the document,
> ספר spr: document, scroll, book
> הספר hspr
> ספר spr: document, scroll, book
> the scroll,
> the copies [??]
> עתק ˁtq: copy (of a book)
> ותיק wtyq
> תיק tyq: sheath, chest, receptacle
> the receptacle
> of a secret [text]
> ת־ t-: of; פליאה plyˀh: hidden thing, secret
> התפלין htplyn
> תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
> of a prayer [book]
> together with
> עם ˁm: with
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> together with
> the secret [text],
> ת־ t-: of; פליאה plyˀh: hidden thing, secret
> התפלין htplyn
> תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
> the prayer [book],
> even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> ואף על פי wˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> there [may also] be
> ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
> שיש šyš
> ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
> there [may also] be
> inside [them]
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle, inside
> בתוכן btwkn
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle, inside
> inside [them]
> monetary [value].
> מעות mˁwt: money, small change
> מעות mˁwt
> מעות mˁwt: money, small change
> money.

> Shabbat 16:1.c

#### Shabbat 16:1.d

> Encrypted: And to what place may one remove them? Into any cover that can not be penetrated. Ben Bathyra says: Even into one that can be penetrated.

> Official: And to what place may one rescue them? Into any alley that is not open. Ben Bathyra says: Even into an open one.

> And to what place
> ל־ l-: to; היכן hykn: where
> ולהיכן wlhykn
> ל־ l-: to; היכן hykn: where
> And to what place
> [may one] remove
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> [may one] rescue
> them?
> אות ˀwt: same
> אותן ˀwtn
> אות ˀwt: same
> them?
> Into [any] cover
> ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; עביא ˁbyˀ: cover, concealment
> למבוי lmbwy
> ל־ l-: to; מבוי mbwy: alley; מ־ m-: of; ביאה byˀh: entrance
> Into [any] alley
> that [can?] not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינו šˀynw
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> that [is] not
> be penetrated.
> מ־ m-: of; פלש plš: penetrate, perforated
> מפלש mplš
> מ־ m-: of; פלש plš: open through
> open [??].
> Ben
> בן bn: son
> בן bn
> בן bn: son
> Ben
> Bathyra
> בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
> בתירא btyrˀ
> בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
> Bathyra
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Even
> אף ˀp: even
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even
> Even
> into [one that can] be penetrated.
> ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; פלש plš: penetrate, perforated
> למפלש lmplš
> ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; פלש plš: open through
> into an open [one].

> Shabbat 16:1.d

## Rescuing commoners

### One may rescue supporters before, during & after the war.

#### Shabbat 16:2.a

> Encrypted: One may also rescue from one’s supporters up to three supporters, if they are worthy for a person, or just worthy for human cattle.

> Official: One may also rescue food for up to three meals, suitable for a person, or suitable for an animal.

> [One may also] rescue
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> [One may also] rescue
> from [one’s] supporters
> מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
> מזון mzwn
> מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
> food
> [up to] three
> שלש šlš: three
> שלש šlš
> שלש šlš: three
> [for up to] three
> supporters,
> סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
> סעדות sˁdwt
> סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
> meals,
> [if they] are worthy
> ראוי rˀwy: worthy, fit, suitable
> הראוי hrˀwy
> ראוי rˀwy: worthy, fit, suitable
> suitable
> for a person,
> ל־ l-: for; אדם ˀdm: man, person
> לאדם lˀdm
> ל־ l-: for; אדם ˀdm: man, person
> for a person,
> ל־ l-: for; אדם ˀdm: man, person
> לאדם lˀdm
> ל־ l-: for; אדם ˀdm: man, person
> [or just] worthy
> ראוי rˀwy: worthy, fit, suitable
> הראוי hrˀwy
> ראוי rˀwy: worthy, fit, suitable
> [or] suitable
> for [human] cattle.
> ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> לבהמה lbhmh
> ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> for an animal.
> ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> לבהמה lbhmh
> ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle

> Shabbat 16:2.a

#### Shabbat 16:2.b

> Encrypted: How so? If occurs the kindling at the eve of war, one may rescue from one’s supporters three supporters. At the outbreak of war one may rescue from one’s supporters two supporters. And in the aftermath of war from one’s supporters a supporter one.

> Official: How so? If occurs a fire in the night to the Sabbath, one may rescue food for three meals. At the dawn to the Sabbath one may rescue food for two meals. And in the afternoon of the Sabbath food for a meal one.

> How so?
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> כיצד kyṣd
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> How so?
> [If] occurs
> נפל npl: fall, occur
> נפלה nplh
> נפל npl: fall, occur
> [If] occurs
> the kindling
> דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> דלקה dlqh
> דלקה dlqh: fire
> a fire
> at the eve
> ב־ b-: in; ליל lyl: evening
> בלילי blyly
> ב־ b-: in; ליל lyl: night
> in the night
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> [to] the Sabbath,
> [one may] rescue
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> [one may] rescue
> from [one’s] supporters
> מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
> מזון mzwn
> מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
> food
> three
> שלש šlš: three
> שלש šlš
> שלש šlš: three
> [for] three
> supporters.
> סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
> סעדות sˁdwt
> סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
> meals.
> At the [out]break [of war]
> ב־ b-: on; שחר šḥr: dawn, daybreak
> בשחרית bšḥryt
> ב־ b-: on; שחר šḥr: dawn, daybreak
> At the dawn [to the Sabbath]
> [one may] rescue
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> [one may] rescue
> from [one’s] supporters
> מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
> מזון mzwn
> מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
> food
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> [for] two
> supporters.
> סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
> סעדות sˁdwt
> סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
> meals.
> [And] in the after[math?] [of war]
> ב־ b-: on; מנחה mnḥh: afternoon
> במנחה bmnḥh
> ב־ b-: on; מנחה mnḥh: afternoon
> [And] in the afternoon [of the Sabbath]
> from [one’s] supporters
> מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
> מזון mzwn
> מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
> food
> a supporter
> סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
> סעדה sˁdh
> סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
> [for] a meal
> one.
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> one.

> Shabbat 16:2.b

#### Shabbat 16:2.c

> Encrypted: Lord Yose says: One may always rescue from one’s supporters three supporters.

> Official: Rabbi Yose says: One may always rescue food for three meals.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One may] always
> ל־ l-: to; עולם ˁwlm: forever, always
> לעולם lˁwlm
> ל־ l-: to; עולם ˁwlm: forever, always
> [One may] always
> rescue
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> rescue
> from [one’s] supporters
> מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
> מזון mzwn
> מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
> food
> three
> שלש šlš: three
> שלש šlš
> שלש šlš: three
> [for] three
> supporters.
> סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
> סעדות sˁdwt
> סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
> meals.

> Shabbat 16:2.c

### Rescuing a group counts as one rescue.

#### Shabbat 16:3.a

> Encrypted: One may rescue a group taken for spoils full of wrapped-up supporters, even though there are in it a hundred supporters, or an attacked group of immersed supporters, or an attacked group of secret watchers.

> Official: One may rescue a basket full of loaves, even though there is in it a hundred meals, or a round cake of figs, or a barrel of wine.

> [One may] rescue
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> [One may] rescue
> [a group taken for] spoils
> שלל šll: spoil, booty, plunder, pillage
> סל sl
> סל sl: basket
> a basket
> full
> מלא mlˀ: full, complete
> מלא mlˀ
> מלא mlˀ: full, complete
> full
> of wrapped-up [supporters?],
> כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
> ככרות kkrwt
> ככר kkr: loaf
> of loaves,
> even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> ואף על פי wˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> there are
> ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
> שיש šyš
> ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
> there is
> in it
> ב־ b-: in; ־ו -w: him
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: in; ־ו -w: him
> in it
> a hundred
> מאה mˀh: hundred
> מאה mˀh
> מאה mˀh: hundred
> a hundred
> supporters,
> סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
> סעדות sˁdwt
> סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
> meals,
> or an attacked [group]
> גלע glˁ: attack
> ועגול wˁgwl
> עגול ˁgwl: round cake, loaf
> or a round cake
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> immersed [supporters?],
> טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> דבלה dblh
> דבלה dblh: cake of figs
> figs,
> or an attacked [group]
> חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
> וחבית wḥbyt
> חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
> or a barrel
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> [secret] watchers.
> עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard
> יין yyn
> יין yyn: wine
> wine.

> Shabbat 16:3.a

#### Shabbat 16:3.b

> Encrypted: One may also say to others: Come and rescue my supporters by yourselves! And if they are clever, they will make with him a calculation after the war.

> Official: One may also say to others: Come and rescue my things by yourselves! And if they are clever, they will make with him a calculation after the Sabbath.

> [One may also] say
> אמר ˀmr: say
> ואומר wˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> [One may also] say
> to others:
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
> לאחרים lˀḥrym
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
> to others:
> Come
> בוא bwˀ: come, go in
> באו bˀw
> בוא bwˀ: come, go in
> Come
> and rescue [my supporters]
> נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> והצילו whṣylw
> נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> and rescue [my things]
> by yourselves!
> ל־ l-: for, by; ־כם -km: you
> לכם lkm
> ל־ l-: for, by; ־כם -km: you
> by yourselves!
> And if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And if
> [they] are
> היה hyh: be, exist
> היו hyw
> היה hyh: be, exist
> [they] are
> clever,
> פקח pqḥ: seeing, clever, smart
> פקחין pqḥyn
> פקח pqḥ: seeing, clever, smart
> clever,
> they will make
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עושין ˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> they will make
> with him
> עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
> עמו ˁmw
> עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
> with him
> a calculation
> חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
> חשבון ḥšbwn
> חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
> a calculation
> after
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> אחר ˀḥr
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> after
> the war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> the Sabbath.

> Shabbat 16:3.b

### Supporters may be rescued to the private estates of nobles.

#### Shabbat 16:3.c

> Encrypted: To where may one rescue them? To the private estates of the nobles. Ben Bathyra says: Even to one that is not of the nobles.

> Official: To where may one rescue them? To a courtyard of mixed boundaries. Ben Bathyra says: Even to one that has no mixed boundaries.

> To where
> ל־ l-: to; היכן hykn: where
> להיכן lhykn
> ל־ l-: to; היכן hykn: where
> To where
> [may one] rescue
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> [may one] rescue
> them?
> אות ˀwt: this one
> אותן ˀwtn
> אות ˀwt: this one
> them?
> To the private estates
> ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> לחצר lḥṣr
> ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> To a courtyard
> of the nobles.
> מ־ m-: of; רב rb: noble, lord, master
> המערבת hmˁrbt
> מ־ m-: of; ערב ˁrb: mix, blend, combine
> of mixed [boundaries].
> Ben
> בן bn: son
> בן bn
> בן bn: son
> Ben
> Bathyra
> בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
> בתירא btyrˀ
> בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
> Bathyra
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Even
> אף ˀp: even
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even
> Even
> to [one] that [is] not
> ל־ l-: to; ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> לשאינה lšˀynh
> ל־ l-: to; ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> to [one] that [has] no
> of the nobles.
> מ־ m-: of; רב rb: noble, lord, master
> מערבת mˁrbt
> מ־ m-: of; ערב ˁrb: mix, blend, combine
> mixed [boundaries].

> Shabbat 16:3.c

#### Shabbat 16:4.a

> Encrypted: And to there one may bring out all human tools in one’s use, and put on as retinue all that one is able to put on, and wrap around oneself all that one is able to wrap around.

> Official: And to there one may bring out all objects of use, and put on all clothing that one is able to put on, and wrap around oneself all that one is able to wrap around.

> And to there
> ל־ l-: to; שם šm: place, there
> ולשם wlšm
> ל־ l-: to; שם šm: place, there
> And to there
> [one may] bring out
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> מוציא mwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> [one may] bring out
> all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all
> [human] tools [?]
> כלי kly: utensil, tool, instrument
> כלי kly
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> objects
> [in one’s] use,
> תשמיש tšmyš: service, use, utensil
> תשמישו tšmyšw
> תשמיש tšmyš: service, use, utensil
> of use,
> and put on [as retinue?]
> לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
> ולובש wlwbš
> לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
> and put on
> all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all [clothing]
> that
> מה mh: what, how much
> מה mh
> מה mh: what, how much
> that
> [one] is able
> ש־ š-: that; יכל ykl: can, able
> שיכול šykwl
> ש־ š-: that; יכל ykl: can, able
> [one] is able
> to put on,
> ל־ l-: to; לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
> ללבש llbš
> ל־ l-: to; לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
> to put on,
> and wrap around [oneself]
> עטף ˁṭp: wrap around, put on
> ועוטף wˁwṭp
> עטף ˁṭp: wrap around, put on
> and wrap around [oneself]
> all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all
> that
> מה mh: what, how much
> מה mh
> מה mh: what, how much
> that
> [one] is able
> ש־ š-: that; יכל ykl: can, able
> שיכול šykwl
> ש־ š-: that; יכל ykl: can, able
> [one] is able
> to wrap around.
> ל־ l-: to; עטף ˁṭp: wrap around, put on
> לעטף lˁṭp
> ל־ l-: to; עטף ˁṭp: wrap around, put on
> to wrap around.

> Shabbat 16:4.a

#### Shabbat 16:4.b

> Encrypted: Lord Yose says: One may rescue only officially designated & confirmed human tools, but one may then again put on new ones and bring them out. And one may say to others: Come, and rescue my supporters with me!

> Official: Rabbi Yose says: One may put on only eighteen dresses, but one may then again put on new ones and bring them out. And one may say to others: Come, and rescue things with me!

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One may rescue only officially?] designated & confirmed [???]
> זמן zmn: appoint, designate; אשר ˀšr: confirm, verify
> שמנה עשר šmnh ˁšr
> שמנה šmnh: eight; עשר ˁšr: ten
> [One may put on only] eighteen
> [human] tools [?],
> כלי kly: utensil, tool, instrument
> כלים klym
> כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
> dresses,
> but [one may then] again
> חזר ḥzr: return, do again
> וחוזר wḥwzr
> חזר ḥzr: return, do again
> but [one may then] again
> put on [new ones]
> לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
> ולובש wlwbš
> לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
> put on [new ones]
> and bring [them] out.
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> ומוציא wmwṣyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
> and bring [them] out.
> And [one may] say
> אמר ˀmr: say
> ואומר wˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> And [one may] say
> to others:
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
> לאחרים lˀḥrym
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
> to others:
> Come,
> בוא bwˀ: come, bring
> באו bˀw
> בוא bwˀ: come, bring
> Come,
> and rescue [my supporters]
> נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
> והצילו whṣylw
> נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> and rescue [things]
> with me!
> עם ˁm: with; ־י -y: me
> עמי ˁmy
> עם ˁm: with; ־י -y: me
> with me!

> Shabbat 16:4.b

### One may form special squads for agents to stay out of combat.

#### Shabbat 16:5.a

> Encrypted: Lord Simeon ben Nanos says: For protection, one may spread out the attacks of enemy troops over the place of one’s lands, one’s military presence, or fortifications, so that one can safely let be seized them by an attack, because it will only burn them lightly.

> Official: Rabbi Simeon ben Nanos says: For protection, one may spread out the skin of a goat over the place of a box, a chest or a cupboard, so that one can safely let be seized them by the fire, because it will only burn them lightly.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Simeon ben Nanos
> שמעון בן ננס šmˁwn bn nns: Simeon ben Nanos
> שמעון בן ננס šmˁwn bn nns
> שמעון בן ננס šmˁwn bn nns: Simeon ben Nanos
> Simeon ben Nanos
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [For protection, one may] spread out
> פרש prš: spread out
> פורסין pwrsyn
> פרש prš: spread out
> [For protection, one may] spread out
> the attacks [??]
> אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
> עור ˁwr
> עור ˁwr: skin, hide
> the skin
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> [enemy??] troops
> גוד gwd: company, troop
> גדי gdy
> גדי gdy: young goat, kid
> a goat
> over
> על ˁl: on, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, over
> over
> the place of
> גבי gby: together with, at the place of
> גבי gby
> גבי gby: together with, at the place of
> the place of
> [one’s] lands,
> שדה šdh: land, field, office
> שדה šdh
> שדה šdh: strong box, chest
> a box,
> [one’s] military presence,
> טויב ṭwyb: presence, military apparatus
> תבה tbh
> תבה tbh: chest
> a chest
> or fortifications,
> מגדל mgdl: tower, turret
> ומגדל wmgdl
> מגדל mgdl: cupboard
> or a cupboard,
> so that [one can safely let] be seized
> ש־ š-: for; אחז ˀḥz: seize, befall
> שאחז šˀḥz
> ש־ š-: for; אחז ˀḥz: seize, befall
> so that [one can safely let] be seized
> them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> them
> [by]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [by]
> an attack [??],
> אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
> האור hˀwr
> אור ˀwr: light, fire
> the fire,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> it
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> it
> [will only] burn [them lightly].
> מ־ m-: of; חרך ḥrk: burn, singe
> מחרך mḥrk
> מ־ m-: of; חרך ḥrk: burn, singe
> [will only] burn [them lightly].

> Shabbat 16:5.a

#### Shabbat 16:5.b

> Encrypted: One may also make a division with all human tools, whether they are completely trusted or worthless, for the sake of not letting pass the kindled war to them.

> Official: One may also make a wall with all vessels, whether they are full or empty, for the sake of not letting pass the flame.

> [One may also] make
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> ועושין wˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [One may also] make
> a division
> מ־ m-: of; חצי ḥṣy: split, divide
> מחצה mḥṣh
> מ־ m-: of; חיצה ḥyṣh: partition, wall
> a wall
> with all
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
> בכל bkl
> ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
> with all
> [human] tools,
> כלי kly: utensil, tool, instrument
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> vessels,
> whether
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> whether
> [they are] completely [trusted?]
> מלא mlˀ: complete, confirmed, accomplished
> מלאים mlˀym
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> [they are] full
> or
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> or
> worthless,
> ריק ryq: worthless
> ריקנים ryqnym
> ריק ryq: empty
> empty,
> for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for the sake of
> not
> ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
> not
> [letting] pass
> ת־ t-: will; עבר ˁbr: pass
> תעבר tˁbr
> ת־ t-: will; עבר ˁbr: pass
> [letting] pass
> the kindled [war to them?].
> דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> הדלקה hdlqh
> דלק dlq: flame
> the flame.

> Shabbat 16:5.b

### New agents may not accept attacks on their fellow subjects.

#### Shabbat 16:5.b

> Encrypted: Lord Yose prohibits this with human tools who are watchmen that are new and still too mixed up with the people, because they are not able to accept an attack on fellow subjects, and so they would break open this information and extinguish the kindling of the war.

> Official: Rabbi Yose prohibits this with vessels of clay that are new and full of water, because they are not able to face and withstand the fire, and so they would break and extinguish the flame which is forbidden on Sabbath.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> prohibits [this]
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אוסר ˀwsr
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> prohibits [this]
> with [human] tools
> ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: utensil, tool, instrument
> בכלי bkly
> ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: object, vessel
> with vessels
> who are watchmen
> חרסאה ḥrsˀh: watchman
> חרס ḥrs
> חרס ḥrs: clay, potter
> of clay
> [that] are new
> חדש ḥdš: new
> חדשים ḥdšym
> חדש ḥdš: new
> [that] are new
> [and still too] mixed up
> מהל mhl: mix
> מלאין mlˀyn
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> [and] full
> [with] the people,
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> of water,
> because
> לפי lpy: because
> לפי lpy
> לפי lpy: because
> because
> [they are] not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [they are] not
> able
> יכל ykl: can, able
> יכולין ykwlyn
> יכל ykl: can, able
> able
> to accept
> ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: accept
> לקבל lqbl
> ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: opposite, face
> to face [and withstand]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> an attack [on fellow subjects?],
> אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
> האור hˀwr
> אור ˀwr: light, fire
> the fire,
> [and so] they
> הן hn: they
> והן whn
> הן hn: they
> [and so] they
> [would] break open [this information?]
> מ־ m-: of; בקע bqˁ: clear, burst, break open
> מתבקעין mtbqˁyn
> מ־ m-: of; בקע bqˁ: split, break
> [would] break
> and extinguish
> מ־ m-: of; כבי kby: extinguish
> ומכבין wmkbyn
> מ־ m-: of; כבי kby: extinguish
> and extinguish
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the kindling [of the war].
> דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> הדלקה hdlqh
> דלק dlq: flame
> the flame [which is forbidden on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 16:5.b

### Outsiders may influence a war, subjects may not.

#### Shabbat 16:6.a

> Encrypted: If an outsider comes to extinguish a kindled war, insiders may not say to him: “extinguish it”, or: “do not extinguish it”. Because not for him to cease his actions is the responsibility on them.

> Official: If a non-Jewish stranger comes to extinguish a fire on Sabbath, Jews may not say to him: “extinguish it”, or: “do not extinguish it”. Because not for him to rest is the responsibility on them.

> [If] an outsider
> נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
> נכרי nkry
> נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
> [If] a [non-Jewish?] stranger
> comes
> ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: come
> שבא šbˀ
> ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: come
> comes
> to extinguish [a kindled war],
> ל־ l-: to; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> לכבות lkbwt
> ל־ l-: to; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> to extinguish [a fire on Sabbath],
> [insiders may?] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [Jews may] not
> say
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say
> to him:
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to him:
> “extinguish [it]”,
> כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> כבה kbh
> כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> “extinguish [it]”,
> or: “[do] not
> אל ˀl: not (prohibitive)
> ואל wˀl
> אל ˀl: not (prohibitive)
> or: “[do] not
> extinguish [it]”.
> כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> תכבה tkbh
> כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> extinguish [it]”.
> Because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> Because
> not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאין šˀyn
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> not
> [for him to] cease [his actions?]
> שבת šbt: cease, rest
> שביתתו šbyttw
> שבת šbt: cease, rest
> [for him to] rest
> [is the responsibility] on them.
> על ˁl: on; הן hn: they
> עליהן ˁlyhn
> על ˁl: on; הן hn: they
> [is the responsibility] on them.

> Shabbat 16:6.a

#### Shabbat 16:6.b

> Encrypted: But if a commoner of one’s own subjects comes to extinguish the flames of war, they must not listen to him, because for him to cease the responsibility is on them.

> Official: But if a young child comes to extinguish a fire on Sabbath, they must not listen to him, because for him to rest the responsibility is on them.

> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> [if] a commoner [of one’s own subjects?]
> קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> קטן qṭn
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> [if] a young [child]
> comes
> ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: come
> שבא šbˀ
> ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: come
> comes
> to extinguish [the flames of war?],
> ל־ l-: to; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> לכבות lkbwt
> ל־ l-: to; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
> to extinguish [a fire on Sabbath],
> [they must] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [they must] not
> listen
> שמע šmˁ: listen
> שומעין šwmˁyn
> שמע šmˁ: listen
> listen
> to him,
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to him,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> [for him to] cease
> ש־ š-: that; שבת šbt: cease, rest
> ששביתתו ššbyttw
> ש־ š-: that; שבת šbt: cease, rest
> [for him to] rest
> [the responsibility is] on them.
> על ˁl: on; הן hn: they
> עליהן ˁlyhn
> על ˁl: on; הן hn: they
> [the responsibility is] on them.

> Shabbat 16:6.b

### One may overturn decisions of low-level officers to rescue commoners.

#### Shabbat 16:7.a

> Encrypted: One may overturn a leader at the top of the servants so that he will not seize a certain town, or over the command of a common-birth officer, or over a soldier so that he will not hurt certain people.

> Official: One may turn over a dish on the top of a lamp so that the flame will not seize the beams of the roof, or over the excrements of a young child, or over a scorpion so that it will not bite.

> [One may] overturn
> כפי kpy: force, overturn
> כופין kwpyn
> כפי kpy: invert, turn upside down
> [One may] turn over
> a leader
> קיר qyr: lord, leader
> קערה qˁrh
> קערה qˁrh: dish, platter
> a dish
> at
> על ˁl: on, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, over
> on
> the top
> גב gb: body, top
> גבי gby
> גב gb: body, top
> the top
> of the servants
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> of a lamp
> so
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> so
> that [he will] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> that [the flame will] not
> seize
> ת־ t-: will; אחז ˀḥz: seize, befall
> תאחז tˀḥz
> ת־ t-: will; אחז ˀḥz: seize, befall
> seize
> [a certain] town,
> ב־ b-: on; קריה qryh: city, town, village
> בקורה bqwrh
> ב־ b-: on; קורא qwrˀ: beam
> the beams [of the roof],
> or over
> על ˁl: on, over
> ועל wˁl
> על ˁl: on, over
> or over
> the command
> צואה ṣwˀh: command, order
> צואה ṣwˀh
> צואה ṣwˀh: excrement
> the excrements
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> a common-birth [officer],
> קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> קטן qṭn
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> a young [child],
> or over
> על ˁl: on, over
> ועל wˁl
> על ˁl: on, over
> or over
> a soldier
> קרב qrb: war, battle, soldier
> עקרב ˁqrb
> עקרב ˁqrb: scorpion
> a scorpion
> so that [he will] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> so that [it will] not
> hurt [certain people].
> ת־ t-: will; נזק nzq: damage, harm, injure
> תשך tšk
> ת־ t-: will; נשך nšk: bite
> bite.

> Shabbat 16:7.a

#### Shabbat 16:7.b

> Encrypted: Says lord Yehudah: A person committing such an act came before lord Yohanan ben Zakkai in Arav, and he said: I fear for him that he is guilty of a mistake.

> Official: Says rabbi Yehudah: A person committing such an act came before rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai in Arav, and he said: I fear for him that he has to make a sin-offering.

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yehudah:
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah:
> [A person committing such] an act
> מ־ m-: of; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> מעשה mˁšh
> מ־ m-: of; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [A person committing such] an act
> came
> בוא bwˀ: come
> בא bˀ
> בוא bwˀ: come
> came
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> rabban
> Yohanan ben Zakkai
> יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy: Yohanan ben Zakkai
> יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy
> יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy: Yohanan ben Zakkai
> Yohanan ben Zakkai
> in Arav [??],
> ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: Arav
> בערב bˁrb
> ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: Arav
> in Arav,
> and he said:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> ואמר wˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> and he said:
> [I] fear
> חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
> חוששני ḥwššny
> חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
> [I] fear
> for him
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> for him
> [that he is guilty of] a mistake.
> מ־ m-: of; חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> מחטאת mḥṭˀt
> מ־ m-: of; חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> [that he has to make] a sin-offering.

> Shabbat 16:7.b

## Using war efforts of commoners

### Crowds whipped up by outsiders may only be used without collaboration.

#### Shabbat 16:8.a

> Encrypted: If an outsider kindles the servants for his special use, it may also be used for preparing attacks by a veiled ruler. But if it is done for the sake of the veiled ruler, it is prohibited to use outsiders.

> Official: If a non-Jewish stranger kindles a lamp for his special use, it may also be used for light by an Israelite. But if it is done for the sake of the Israelite, it is prohibited to use it.

> [If] an outsider
> נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
> נכרי nkry
> נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
> [If] a [non-Jewish?] stranger
> kindles
> ש־ š-: that; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> שהדליק šhdlyq
> ש־ š-: that; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
> kindles
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the servants
> נער nˁr: boy, servant
> הנר hnr
> נר nr: light, lamp, candle
> a lamp
> [for his special] use,
> מ־ m-: of; שמש / השתמש šmš / hštmš: serve, use, play a role
> משתמש mštmš
> מ־ m-: of; שמש / השתמש šmš / hštmš: serve, use, play a role
> [for his special] use,
> [it may also be used] for [preparing] attacks
> ל־ l-: for; אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
> לאורו lˀwrw
> ל־ l-: for; אור ˀwr: light, fire
> [it may also be used] for light
> [by] a veiled ruler.
> שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> [by] an Israelite.
> But if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> But if
> [it is done] for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> [it is done] for the sake of
> the veiled ruler,
> שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> the Israelite,
> [it is] prohibited [to use outsiders].
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אסור ˀswr
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> [it is] prohibited [to use it].

> Shabbat 16:8.a

#### Shabbat 16:8.b

> Encrypted: An outsider can fill up the people to cause an uproar among the human cattle, and it may be used for an uproar after him by a veiled ruler among his own cattle. But if it is done for the sake of the veiled ruler, it is prohibited to use outsiders.

> Official: A stranger can fills up water to give it for drinking to his cattle, and it may be given for drinking after him by an Israelite to his own cattle. But if it is done for the sake of the Israelite, it is prohibited to use it.

> [An outsider can] fill up
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> מלא mlˀ
> מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> [A stranger can] fills up
> the people
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water
> to [cause] an uproar
> ל־ l-: to; שקק šqq: noise, rushing, uproar
> להשקות lhšqwt
> ל־ l-: to; שקה šqh: drink, give to drink
> to [give it] for drinking
> [among the human] cattle,
> בהם bhm: animal, cattle
> בהמתו bhmtw
> בהם bhm: animal, cattle
> [to his] cattle,
> [and it may be used for] an uproar
> מ־ m-: of; שקק šqq: noise, rushing, uproar
> משקה mšqh
> מ־ m-: of; שקה šqh: drink, give to drink
> [and it may be given for] drinking
> after him
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> אחריו ˀḥryw
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> after him
> [by] a veiled ruler [among his own cattle].
> שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> [by] an Israelite [to his own cattle].
> But if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> But if
> [it is done] for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> [it is done] for the sake of
> the veiled ruler,
> שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> the Israelite,
> [it is] prohibited [to use outsiders].
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אסור ˀswr
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> [it is] prohibited [to use it].

> Shabbat 16:8.b

### Siege works by outsiders may only be used without collaboration.

#### Shabbat 16:8.c

> Encrypted: If makes one of the crowds siege works to enter a place with it, then may enter after him a veiled ruler with his own plans. But if it is done for the sake of the veiled ruler, it is prohibited to use outsiders.

> Official: If makes one of the foreign nations a bridge to go down from a ship on it, then may enter after him by an Israelite to his own cattle. But if it is done for the sake of the Israelite, it is prohibited to use it.

> [If] makes
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עשה ˁšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [If] makes
> [one of the] crowds
> גוי gwy: crowd, people
> גוי gwy
> גוי gwy: nation
> [one of the foreign] nations
> siege works [???]
> כבש kbš: besiege, siege works, conquest
> כבש kbš
> כבש kbš: platform, landing bridge
> a bridge
> to enter [a place]
> ל־ l-: to; ירד yrd: enter, take possession of, seize
> לירד lyrd
> ל־ l-: to; ירד yrd: go down
> to go down [from a ship?]
> with it,
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: on; ־ו -w: him, it
> on it,
> [then may] enter
> ירד yrd: enter, take possession of, seize
> יורד ywrd
> ירד yrd: go down
> [then may] enter
> after him
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> אחריו ˀḥryw
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> after him
> a veiled ruler [with his own plans].
> שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> [by] an Israelite [to his own cattle].
> But if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> But if
> [it is done] for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> [it is done] for the sake of
> the veiled ruler,
> שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> the Israelite,
> [it is] prohibited [to use outsiders].
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אסור ˀswr
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> [it is] prohibited [to use it].

> Shabbat 16:8.c

#### Shabbat 16:8.d

> Encrypted: There was such an incident with lord Gamliel and the elder judges where they were arriving in secret, and there made one of the crowds siege works to enter a place with it, and also entered with it lord Gamliel and the elder judges as it wasn’t made for them.

> Official: There was such an incident with rabban Gamliel and the elder judges where they were arriving on a ship, and there made one of the foreign nations a bridge to go down from a ship on it, and also entered on it rabban Gamliel and the elder judges as it wasn’t made for them.

> [There was such] an incident
> מעשה mˁšh: action, happening, incident
> מעשה mˁšh
> מעשה mˁšh: action, happening, incident
> [There was such] an incident
> with lord
> ב־ b-: with; רבן rbn: lord
> ברבן brbn
> ב־ b-: with; רבן rbn: rabban
> with rabban
> Gamliel
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> גמליאל gmlyˀl
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> Gamliel
> and the elder judges
> זקן zqn: elder, judge
> וזקנים wzqnym
> זקן zqn: elder, judge
> and the elder judges
> where [they] were
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> שהיו šhyw
> ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
> where [they] were
> arriving
> ב־ b-: among; עני ˁny: poor, oppress, violate
> באין bˀyn
> בוא bwˀ: come, arrive
> arriving
> in secret,
> ב־ b-: in; שפון špwn: hidden, concealed, secret
> בספינה bspynh
> ב־ b-: on; ספינה spynh: ship, boat
> on a ship,
> and [there] made
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> ועשה wˁšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> and [there] made
> [one of the] crowds
> גוי gwy: crowd, people
> גוי gwy
> גוי gwy: nation
> [one of the foreign] nations
> siege works [???]
> כבש kbš: besiege, siege works, conquest
> כבש kbš
> כבש kbš: platform, landing bridge
> a bridge
> to enter [a place]
> ל־ l-: to; ירד yrd: enter, take possession of, seize
> לירד lyrd
> ל־ l-: to; ירד yrd: go down
> to go down [from a ship?]
> with it,
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: on; ־ו -w: him, it
> on it,
> and [also] entered
> ירד yrd: enter, take possession of, seize
> וירדו wyrdw
> ירד yrd: go down
> and [also] entered
> with it
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: on; ־ו -w: him, it
> on it
> lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> rabban
> Gamliel
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> גמליאל gmlyˀl
> גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
> Gamliel
> and the elder judges [as it wasn’t made for them].
> זקן zqn: elder, judge
> וזקנים wzqnym
> זקן zqn: elder, judge
> and the elder judges [as it wasn’t made for them].

> Shabbat 16:8.d

## Reassigning disguises in war

### All disguises may be reassigned in war, and the agents with them.

#### Shabbat 17:1.a

> Encrypted: All veils may be moved or removed in war, and also the veiled servants with them, even though some could be killed in war, as they are not like those servants who are guards, because they are not coming from a preparation for war.

> Official: All vessels, may be moved on Sabbath and also their doors moved with them, even though they may be dismantled on Sabbath, as they are not like the doors of a house, because they are not coming from a preparation for the Sabbath.

> All
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All
> veils [??]
> כלה klh: veil, curtain
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> vessels,
> [may] be moved [or removed?]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטלין nṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [may] be moved
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath
> and also [the veiled??] servants [??]
> דול dwl: serve; דייל dyyl: attendant; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> ודלתותיהן wdltwtyhn
> דלת dlt: door
> and also [their] doors
> with them,
> עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
> עמהן ˁmhn
> עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
> [moved] with them,
> even though
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
> אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
> even though
> [some could] be killed
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פרק prq: break, kill
> שנתפרקו šntprqw
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פרק prq: take off, dismantle
> [they may] be dismantled
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> as [they are] not
> ש־ š-: for; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינן šˀynn
> ש־ š-: for; אין ˀyn: no, not
> as [they are] not
> like
> דמיון dmywn: likeness, resemblance
> דומין dwmyn
> דמיון dmywn: likeness, resemblance
> like
> [those] servants
> ל־ l-: to; דול dwl: serve; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> לדלתות ldltwt
> ל־ l-: to; דלת dlt: door
> the doors
> who are guards [??],
> באתיא bˀtyˀ: boetheia, mercenaries, guard
> הבית hbyt
> בית byt: house
> of a house,
> because
> לפי lpy: according to, because
> לפי lpy
> לפי lpy: according to, because
> because
> [they] are not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינן šˀynn
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [they] are not
> [coming] from
> מן mn: of, from
> מן mn
> מן mn: of, from
> [coming] from
> a preparation [for war].
> מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
> המוכן hmwkn
> מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
> a preparation [for the Sabbath].

> Shabbat 17:1.a

### One may reassign a disguise in war to rescue an underling.

#### Shabbat 17:2.a

> Encrypted: Still may move a man a veil to rescue with this act people who would otherwise be extinguished.

> Official: Therefore may move a man a hammer to split open with it nuts.

> [Still may] move
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נוטל nwṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [Therefore may] move
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> a man
> a veil [??]
> קורנעה qwrnˁh: large veil
> קרנס qrns
> קורנס qwrns: hammer
> a hammer
> to rescue
> ל־ l-: to; פצא pṣˀ: save, rescue
> לפצע lpṣˁ
> ל־ l-: to; פצע pṣˁ: split open
> to split open
> with this [act]
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [people who would otherwise] be extinguished.
> גוז gwz: cut off, extinguish, disappear
> האגוזים hˀgwzym
> אגוז ˀgwz: nut
> nuts.

> Shabbat 17:2.a

### One may reassign a disguise in war to expose & destroy an underling.

#### Shabbat 17:2.b

> Encrypted: One may also move a cover to cut off denounced agents. One may draw it away to draw also away with this covered agents.

> Official: One may also move an axe to cut a cake of figs. One may also move a saw to saw with it cheese.

> [One may also move] a cover
> קרם qrm: cover, overlay
> וקרדם wqrdm
> קרדם qrdm: axe
> [One may also move] an axe
> to cut off
> ל־ l-: to; חתך ḥtk: cut, cut off, sever
> לחתך lḥtk
> ל־ l-: to; חתך ḥtk: cut, cut off, sever
> to cut
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> denounced [agents?].
> תפל tpl: slander, denounce
> הדבלה hdblh
> דבלה dblh: cake of figs
> a cake of figs.
> [One may] draw [it] away [??]
> מ־ m-: of; גרר grr: pull, draw away, drag away
> מגרה mgrh
> מגרה mgrh: saw; מ־ m-: of; גרר grr: grate, saw
> [One may also move] a saw
> to draw [also] away
> ל־ l-: to; גרר grr: pull, draw away, drag away
> לגרר lgrr
> ל־ l-: to; גרר grr: grate, saw, scrape
> to saw
> with this
> ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
> בה bh
> ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
> with it
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> covered [agents].
> עגבונא ˁgbwnˀ: willingly, on purpose
> הגבינה hgbynh
> גבן gbn: form cheese
> cheese.

> Shabbat 17:2.b

#### Shabbat 17:2.c

> Encrypted: One may sweep it away to also sweep away with this one who has become an outsider. Also a runaway or one to be dismissed, to present him to the vengeful masses.

> Official: One may also move a shovel to shovel with it dried figs. Also a winnowing shovel or a pitchfork, to put on it food for a young child.

> [One may] sweep [it] away [??]
> מ־ m-: of; גרף grp: sweep away, clean
> מגרפה mgrph
> מ־ m-: of; גרף grp: sweep, shovel
> [One may also move] a shovel
> to [also] sweep away [??]
> ל־ l-: to; גרף grp: sweep away, clean
> לגרף lgrp
> ל־ l-: to; גרף grp: sweep, shovel
> to shovel
> with this
> ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
> בה bh
> ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
> with it
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [one who has become?] an outsider.
> גר gr: stranger; גיורא gywrˀ: outsider, non-member
> הגרוגרות hgrwgrwt
> גרוגרת grwgrt: dried fig; גרגר grgr: berry
> dried figs.
> [Also]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [Also]
> a runaway [??]
> רהט rhṭ: run, runner
> הרחת hrḥt
> רחת rḥt: winnowing shovel
> a winnowing shovel
> or
> את ˀt: to
> ואת wˀt
> את ˀt: to
> or
> [one to] be dismissed [??],
> מ־ m-: of; סלק slq: go away, flee, dismissed, remove
> המזלג hmzlg
> מזלג mzlg: fork
> a [pitch]fork,
> to present
> ל־ l-: to; נתן / תת ntn / tt: show, display, present
> לתת ltt
> ל־ l-: to; נתן / תת ntn / tt: give, put
> to put
> him [??]
> עלי ˁly: on; ־ו -w: him, it
> עליו ˁlyw
> עלי ˁly: on; ־ו -w: him, it
> on it
> to the [vengeful?] masses.
> ל־ l-: to; קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> לקטן lqṭn
> ל־ l-: for; קטן qṭn: young
> [food] for a young [child].

> Shabbat 17:2.c

#### Shabbat 17:2.d

> Encrypted: Also one to be silenced or one who squeaks too much, to incapacitate him.

> Official: Also a spindle or a whorl, to insert it into food.

> [Also]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [Also]
> [one to?] be silenced [??]
> כוש kwš: quieted; כישא kyšˀ: quiet down, silenced
> הכוש hkwš
> כוש kwš: reed, spindle
> a spindle
> or
> את ˀt: to
> ואת wˀt
> את ˀt: to
> or
> [one who?] squeaks [too much??],
> כרכר krkr: go around, squeak
> הכרכר hkrkr
> כרכר krkr: spindle, peg top, shuttle
> a whorl,
> to incapacitate [??]
> ל־ l-: to; תחב tḥb: humiliate, weakened, incapacitate
> לתחב ltḥb
> ל־ l-: to; תחב tḥb: stick in, insert
> to insert
> him.
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> it [into food?].

> Shabbat 17:2.d

#### Shabbat 17:2.e

> Encrypted: Also an inferior of those under one’s own power, to remove with this a person to be cut off. Also one of desire to persuade with him other servants.

> Official: Also a needle of the hand, to remove with it a thorn. Also that of the sackmakers, to open with it a door.

> [Also] an inferior [?]
> מ־ m-: of; נחות nḥwt: low, inferior
> מחט mḥṭ
> מחט mḥṭ: needle
> [Also] a needle
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> [those under one’s own] power [??],
> יד yd: power, possession, borders
> יד yd
> יד yd: hand
> the hand,
> to remove
> ל־ l-: to; נטל nṭl: move, remove
> לטל lṭl
> ל־ l-: to; נטל nṭl: move, remove
> to remove
> with this
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [a person to be] cut off.
> קצץ qṣṣ: cut off, excluded
> הקוץ hqwṣ
> קוץ qwṣ: thorn, prick
> a thorn.
> [Also one] of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> ושל wšl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> [Also that] of
> desire [?]
> שוק šwq: desire, longing, yearning
> סקאים sqˀym
> סקאי sqˀy: sack maker, sacker
> the sackmakers,
> to persuade [?]
> ל־ l-: to; פתה pth: entice, seduce, persuade
> לפתח lptḥ
> ל־ l-: to; פתח ptḥ: open
> to open
> with him
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [other] servants [??].
> דל dl: low, poor, powerless; דול dwl: serve; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> הדלת hdlt
> דלת dlt: door
> a door.

> Shabbat 17:2.e

### A nobleman’s compromised disguise may be reassigned to someone else.

#### Shabbat 17:3.a

> Encrypted: As for the veil of a nobleman, if there is a connection seen at the visible front, it becomes unclean, and if not, it does not become unclean.

> Official: As for a stalk of olives, if there is a knot at the top, it becomes unclean, and if not, it does not become unclean.

> [As for] the veil
> קנע qnˁ: put on a veil
> קנה qnh
> קנה qnh: reed, stalk
> [As for] a stalk
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> a nobleman,
> זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility; זיותן zywtn: distinguished, noble
> זיתים zytym
> זית zyt: olive
> olives,
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> there is
> יש yš: there is
> יש yš
> יש yš: there is
> there is
> a connection
> קשר qšr: connect, relation, conspiracy
> קשר qšr
> קשר qšr: bind, knot, band
> a knot
> [seen] at the [visible] front,
> ב־ b-: at; ראש rˀš: forefront; רישא ryšˀ: thing on top
> בראשו brˀšw
> ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: top
> at the top,
> [it becomes]
> מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
> מקבל mqbl
> מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
> [it becomes]
> unclean,
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> טמאה ṭmˀh
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> unclean,
> and if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> and if
> not,
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> לאו lˀw
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> not,
> [it does] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [it does] not
> [become]
> מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
> מקבל mqbl
> מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
> [become]
> unclean.
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> טמאה ṭmˀh
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
> unclean.

> Shabbat 17:3.a

#### Shabbat 17:3.b

> Encrypted: Whether like this or like that, it may be moved to someone else in war.

> Official: Whether like this or like that, it may be moved on Sabbath.

> Whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> Whether
> like this
> כך kk: so, thus
> כך kk
> כך kk: so, thus
> like this
> or
> בין byn: whether
> ובין wbyn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> like that,
> כך kk: so, thus
> כך kk
> כך kk: so, thus
> like that,
> [it may] be moved [to someone else]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטל nṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [it may] be moved
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 17:3.b

### All disguises may be reassigned to other people in special circumstances.

#### Shabbat 17:4.a

> Encrypted: Lord Yose says: All veils may be moved to someone else, except for those of informants of important positions, and informants belonging to special arrangements.

> Official: Rabbi Yose says: All objects may be moved, except for a saw that is large, and the handle of a plough.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> All
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All
> veils
> כלה klh: veil, curtain
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> objects
> [may] be moved [to someone else],
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטלין nṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [may] be moved,
> except for
> חוץ ḥwṣ: except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: except
> except for
> [those] of
> מן mn: of, from
> מן mn
> מן mn: of, from
> informants
> מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
> המסר hmsr
> מסר msr: saw
> a saw
> of [important] positions,
> גדולה gdwlh: distinction, high position, office
> הגדול hgdwl
> גדל gdl: great, large
> that is large,
> and informants
> ידע ydˁ: know, inform; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> ויתד wytd
> יתד ytd: peg, nail, handle of a tool
> and the handle
> belonging to
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> [special] arrangements.
> חרז ḥrz: strung together, arranged
> מחרשה mḥršh
> חרש ḥrš: plough
> a plough.

> Shabbat 17:4.a

#### Shabbat 17:4.b

> Encrypted: All veils may be moved to someone else for a specific purpose and also not for a specific purpose. Lord Nehemiah says: Veils may not be moved to someone else, except for a specific purpose.

> Official: All objects may be moved for a specific purpose and also not for a specific purpose. Rabbi Nehemiah says: Objects may not be moved, except for a specific purpose.

> All
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All
> veils
> כלה klh: veil, curtain
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> objects
> [may] be moved [to someone else]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטלין nṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [may] be moved
> for a [specific] purpose
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
> לצרך lṣrk
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
> for a [specific] purpose
> and also not
> ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
> ושלא wšlˀ
> ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
> and also not
> for a [specific] purpose.
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
> לצרך lṣrk
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
> for a [specific] purpose.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Nehemiah
> נחמיה nḥmyh: Nehemiah
> נחמיה nḥmyh
> נחמיה nḥmyh: Nehemiah
> Nehemiah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [Veils may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [Objects may] not
> be moved [to someone else],
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטלין nṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> be moved,
> except
> אלא ˀlˀ: only, except
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: only, except
> except
> for a [specific] purpose.
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
> לצרך lṣrk
> ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
> for a [specific] purpose.

> Shabbat 17:4.b

### Disguised agents may be reassigned to play attackers or defenders.

#### Shabbat 17:5.a

> Encrypted: All veils may be moved to someone else in war, and any supporters may be moved with them, on the condition that is is for an action similar to their original work.

> Official: All vessels may be moved on Sabbath, and any broken pieces may be moved with them, on the condition that is is for an action similar to their original work.

> All
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All
> veils
> כלה klh: veil, curtain
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> vessels
> [may] be moved [to someone else]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> הנטלין hnṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [may] be moved
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> [and any] supporters
> סובר swbr: support, sustain
> שבריהן šbryhn
> שבר šbr: break into pieces
> [and any] broken pieces
> [may] be moved
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטלין nṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [may] be moved
> with them,
> עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
> עמהן ˁmhn
> עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
> with them,
> on the condition
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> on the condition
> that [is] is
> ש־ š-: that; יהי yhy: be
> שיהיו šyhyw
> ש־ š-: that; יהי yhy: be
> that [is] is
> [for] an action
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עושין ˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [for] an action
> similar to
> מעין mˁyn: similar to, like, resembling
> מעין mˁyn
> מעין mˁyn: similar to, like, resembling
> similar to
> [their original] work.
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> מלאכה mlˀkh
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> [their original] work.

> Shabbat 17:5.a

#### Shabbat 17:5.b

> Encrypted: Supporters who can still be confused for someone else may be used for dressing up with them the attacking side of a fake attack. Supporters who are clearly known may be used for dressing up with them the side opposite.

> Official: Broken pieces of a mixing bowl may be used for covering with them the mouth of a barrel. Broken pieces of clear glass may be used for covering with them the mouth of a jar.

> Supporters
> סובר swbr: support, sustain
> שברי šbry
> שבר šbr: break into pieces
> Broken pieces
> [who can still] be confused [for someone else?]
> ערב ˁrb: mix, confuse
> ערבה ˁrbh
> ערבה ˁrbh: mixing bowl
> of a mixing bowl
> [may be used] for dressing up
> ל־ l-: for; כסי ksy: clothed, veiled
> לכסות lkswt
> ל־ l-: for; כסי ksy: hide, cover
> [may be used] for covering
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the [attacking?] side
> אפיא ˀpyˀ: side, front surface
> פי py
> פי py: mouth
> the mouth
> of a [fake?] attack [??].
> חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
> החבית hḥbyt
> חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
> of a barrel.
> Supporters
> סובר swbr: support, sustain
> שברי šbry
> שבר šbr: break into pieces
> Broken pieces
> [who are] clearly [known?]
> זכוך zkwk: clear, transparent; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> זכוכית zkwkyt
> זכוכית zkwkyt: glass
> of clear [glass?]
> [may be used] for dressing up
> ל־ l-: for; כסי ksy: clothed, veiled
> לכסות lkswt
> ל־ l-: for; כסי ksy: hide, cover
> [may be used] for covering
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the side
> אפיא ˀpyˀ: side, front surface
> פי py
> פי py: mouth
> the mouth
> opposite.
> הפך hpk: reverse, opposite
> הפך hpk
> פך pk: jar, cruse
> of a jar.

> Shabbat 17:5.b

#### Shabbat 17:5.c

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: On the condition that it is also an action similar to their original work.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: On the condition that it is also for an action similar to their original work.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> On the condition
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> On the condition
> that [it] is [also]
> ש־ š-: that; יהי yhy: be
> שיהיו šyhyw
> ש־ š-: that; יהי yhy: be
> that [it] is [also]
> an action
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עושין ˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [for] an action
> similar to
> מעין mˁyn: similar to, like, resembling
> מעין mˁyn
> מעין mˁyn: similar to, like, resembling
> similar to
> [their original] work.
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> מלאכתן mlˀktn
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
> [their original] work.

> Shabbat 17:5.c

#### Shabbat 17:5.d

> Encrypted: Supporters who can still be confused for someone else may also be used for being attackers in the middle of an attack. Those who are clearly known may also be used for being distressed people in the middle of defense preparations.

> Official: Broken pieces of a mixing bowl may also be used for pouring into their middle jelly. Those of glass may also be used for pouring into their middle oil.

> Supporters
> סובר swbr: support, sustain
> שברי šbry
> שבר šbr: break into pieces
> Broken pieces
> [who can still] be confused [for someone else?]
> ערב ˁrb: mix, confuse
> ערבה ˁrbh
> ערבה ˁrbh: mixing bowl
> of a mixing bowl
> [may also be used] for [being] attackers [?]
> ל־ l-: for; זקק zqq: join, attack
> לצוק lṣwq
> ל־ l-: for; צוק ṣwq: pour out
> [may also be used] for pouring
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוכן ltwkn
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into [their] middle
> of an attack [?].
> מ־ m-: of; יקף yqp: attack
> מקפה mqph
> מ־ m-: of; קפא qpˀ: congeal; קיפא qypˀ: jelly
> jelly.
> [Those]
> של šl: of, belonging to
> ושל wšl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> [Those] of
> [who are] clearly [known?]
> זכוך zkwk: clear, transparent; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> זכוכית zkwkyt
> זכוכית zkwkyt: glass
> glass
> [may also be used] for being distressed [people?]
> ל־ l-: for; צוק ṣwq: distress, afflicted
> לצוק lṣwq
> ל־ l-: for; צוק ṣwq: pour out
> [may also be used] for pouring
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוכן ltwkn
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into [their] middle
> of [defense?] preparations [?].
> זמן zmn: make ready, prepare
> שמן šmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> oil.

> Shabbat 17:5.d

### Leader roles may only be switched if the role practically plays itself.

#### Shabbat 17:6.a

> Encrypted: As for the surface on a leader, if it can fullfill its role in itself and it has not yet disintegrated, one may replace into it anyone else. But if it can not fulfill the role by itself, one may not replace just anyone new into it in war.

> Official: As for a stone in a gourd, if it is full in it with water and it does not fall, one may fill with it on Sabbath. But if it is not already filled, one may not fill with it on Sabbath.

> [As for] the surface [??]
> אפין ˀpyn: front surface, characteristic
> האבן hˀbn
> אבן ˀbn: stone
> [As for] a stone [??]
> on a leader [??],
> ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: on; קירא qyrˀ: lord, leader
> שבקרויה šbqrwyh
> ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; קרא qrˀ: pumpkin, gourd
> in a gourd [??],
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> [it can] fullfill [its role]
> מ־ m-: of; מלי mly: fulfill a role, completed
> ממלאין mmlˀyn
> מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> [it] is full
> in it[self?]
> ב־ b-: in; ־ה -h: her, it
> בה bh
> ב־ b-: in; ־ה -h: her, it
> in it [with water?]
> and [it has] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואינה wˀynh
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [it does] not
> [yet] disintegrated,
> נפל npl: disintegrate, defeat
> נופלת nwplt
> נפל npl: fall, occur
> fall,
> [one may] replace
> מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: replace; מלי mly: act instead of
> ממלאין mmlˀyn
> מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> [one may] fill
> into it [anyone else].
> ב־ b-: into, within; ־ה -h: her, it
> בה bh
> ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
> with it [on Sabbath].
> But if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> But if
> it [can] not [fulfill the role by itself?],
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> לאו lˀw
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> it is not [already filled?],
> [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one may] not
> replace
> מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: replace; מלי mly: act instead of
> ממלאין mmlˀyn
> מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> fill
> [just anyone new] into it [in war].
> ב־ b-: into, within; ־ה -h: her, it
> בה bh
> ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
> with it [on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 17:6.a

### Roles of spies tied up in war activities may be reassigned.

#### Shabbat 17:6.b

> Encrypted: As for a watchman that is tied up in a military strike, one may replace him with someone else in a war.

> Official: As for a vine that is tied on a pitcher, one may fill it with water on Sabbath as it’s part of the pitcher.

> [As for] a watchman
> שומר šwmr: watchman, guard; זמור zmwr: revelry, harlotry
> זמורה zmwrh
> זמורה zmwrh: vine-shoot, branch, twig
> [As for] a vine
> that
> ש־ š-: that; היא hyˀ: he, it
> שהיא šhyˀ
> ש־ š-: that; היא hyˀ: he, it
> that
> is tied up
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> קשורה qšwrh
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> is tied
> in a [military?] strike,
> ב־ b-: in; טפח ṭpḥ: knock, strike
> בטפיח bṭpyḥ
> ב־ b-: on; טפיח ṭpyḥ: pitcher
> on a pitcher,
> [one may] replace
> מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: replace; מלי mly: act instead of
> ממלאין mmlˀyn
> מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: full, fill
> [one may] fill
> him [with someone else]
> ב־ b-: in; ־ה -h: her, it
> בה bh
> ב־ b-: in; ־ה -h: her, it
> it [with water]
> in a war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath [as it’s part of the pitcher?].

> Shabbat 17:6.b

### New agent recruits not yet fully employed may be fired when a war starts.

#### Shabbat 17:7.a

> Encrypted: As for stopping a new recruit, lord Eliezer says: If at the time he is still contracted in uncertainty, one may stop the contract with him, but if he is not, one may not stop the contract with him.

> Official: As for the shutter of a window, rabbi Eliezer says: If at the time it is tied to and hanging from the window, one may shut the window with it, but if it is not, one may not shut the window with it.

> [As for] stopping [???]
> פקק pqq: stop; פקע pqˁ: cancel, nullify
> פקק pqq
> פקק pqq: split, stop-gap, stopper
> [As for] the shutter [?]
> a [new] recruit [???],
> חיל ḥyl: recruit, enlist; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> החלון hḥlwn
> חלון ḥlwn: window
> of a window,
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [If] at the time
> ב־ b-: at; זמן zmn: time
> בזמן bzmn
> ב־ b-: at; זמן zmn: time
> [If] at the time
> he
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> it
> is [still] contracted [???]
> קשר qšr: band of people, league together, enter agreement; קישור qyšwr: contraction
> קשור qšwr
> קשר qšr: bind, tie, join
> is tied to
> in uncertainty [???],
> תלי tly: leave undecided; תלוא tlwˀ: in uncertainty
> ותלוי wtlwy
> תלי tly: hang, suspend
> and hanging [from the window?],
> [one may] stop [???]
> פקק pqq: stop; פקע pqˁ: cancel, nullify
> פוקקין pwqqyn
> פקק pqq: split, stop-gap, stopper
> [one may] shut [?]
> [the contract???] with him,
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> [the window] with it,
> but if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> but if
> he is not,
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> לאו lˀw
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> it is not,
> [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one may] not
> stop [the contract???]
> פקק pqq: stop; פקע pqˁ: cancel, nullify
> פוקקין pwqqyn
> פקק pqq: split, stop-gap, stopper
> shut [the window?]
> with him.
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it.

> Shabbat 17:7.a

#### Shabbat 17:7.b

> Encrypted: And the advisors say: Whether like this or like that, one may always stop the contract with him.

> Official: And the advisors say: Whether like this or like that, one may always shut the window with it.

> And the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> Whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> Whether
> like this
> כך kk: so, thus
> כך kk
> כך kk: so, thus
> like this
> or
> בין byn: whether
> ובין wbyn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> like that,
> כך kk: so, thus
> כך kk
> כך kk: so, thus
> like that,
> [one may always] stop [the contract???]
> פקק pqq: stop; פקע pqˁ: cancel, nullify
> פוקקין pwqqyn
> פקק pqq: split, stop-gap, stopper
> [one may always] shut [the window?]
> with him.
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it.

> Shabbat 17:7.b

### All disguises with fixed appearances for show may be switched to someone else.

#### Shabbat 17:8.a

> Encrypted: All covers of informants where there is to them a fixed structure of appearance may be moved to someone else in war.

> Official: All covers of vessels where there is to them a structure of a handle may be moved on Sabbath.

> All
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All
> covers
> כסי ksy: cover
> כסויי kswyy
> כסי ksy: cover
> covers
> of informants
> אכל ˀkl: inform against
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> of vessels
> where there is
> ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
> שיש šyš
> ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
> where there is
> to them
> ל־ l-: to; הם hm: them
> להם lhm
> ל־ l-: to; הם hm: them
> to them
> a [fixed?] structure
> ביתא bytˀ: house, structure
> בית byt
> ביתא bytˀ: house, structure
> a structure
> of appearance
> חזי ḥzy: sight, appearance
> אחיזה ˀḥyzh
> אחז ˀḥz: handle, grip, grasp
> of a handle
> [may] be moved [to someone else]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטלים nṭlym
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [may] be moved
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 17:8.a

#### Shabbat 17:8.b

> Encrypted: Says lord Yose: In what context was this command said? Only with covers for shrouding & concealing. But with covers for showing to the public, whether like this or like that, they all may be moved to someone else in war regardless of a fixed appearance.

> Official: Says rabbi Yose: In what context was this command said? Only with covers of the ground. But with covers of vessels, whether like this or like that, they all may be moved on Sabbath regardless of a handle.

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yose:
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose:
> In what [context]
> ב־ b-: in; מה mh: what
> במה bmh
> ב־ b-: in; מה mh: what
> In what [context]
> [was this] command
> דבר dbr: word, command, matter
> דברים dbrym
> דבר dbr: word, command, matter
> [was this] command
> said?
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמורים ˀmwrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> said?
> [Only] with covers
> ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: conceal, cover, hide
> בכסוי bkswy
> ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: conceal, cover, hide
> [Only] with covers
> [for] shrouding [& concealing].
> כרך krk: put on, wrap up, surround; כורך kwrk: shroud
> קרקע qrqˁ
> קרקע qrqˁ: ground, floor, bottom
> of the ground.
> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> with covers
> ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: conceal, cover, hide
> בכסוי bkswy
> ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: conceal, cover, hide
> with covers
> [for] showing [to the public],
> גלי gly: reveal, show; גליא glyˀ: display, present
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> of vessels,
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> [like] this
> כך kk: so, thus
> כך kk
> כך kk: so, thus
> [like] this
> or
> בין byn: whether
> ובין wbyn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> [like] that,
> כך kk: so, thus
> כך kk
> כך kk: so, thus
> [like] that,
> [they all may] be moved [to someone else]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטלים nṭlym
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [they all may] be moved
> in war [regardless of a fixed appearance?].
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath [regardless of a handle?].

> Shabbat 17:8.b

### Entire teams of agents may be reassigned if they wish to leave the war zone.

#### Shabbat 18:1.a

> Encrypted: One may change even four or five gatherings of pretenders or of people for impressions because of them wishing to leave the war zone, or because of the cessation of all structures of ordinary life in war, but not out of pressure.

> Official: One may turn even four or five piles of straw or of produce because of guests, or because of the cessation of the house of study on Sabbath, but not in a granary.

> [One may] change
> מפנה mpnh: turn, turning, change
> מפנין mpnyn
> מפנה mpnh: turn, turning, change
> [One may] turn
> even
> אפלו ˀplw: even, even if, even though
> אפלו ˀplw
> אפלו ˀplw: even, even if, even though
> even
> four
> ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
> ארבע ˀrbˁ
> ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
> four
> or five
> חמש ḥmš: five
> וחמש wḥmš
> חמש ḥmš: five
> or five
> gatherings
> קפא qpˀ: collect, gather
> קפות qpwt
> קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
> piles
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> pretenders
> תבען tbˁn: clamorer, pretender
> תבן tbn
> תבן tbn: straw, stubble
> straw
> or of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> ושל wšl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> or of
> [people for] impressions [??]
> טביעו ṭbyˁw: immersion, impression
> תבואה tbwˀh
> תבואה tbwˀh: produce, yield
> produce
> because of
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because of
> [them wishing to] leave [the war zone],
> ארח ˀrḥ: travel, depart, leave
> האורחים hˀwrḥym
> ארח ˀrḥ: traveller, guest
> guests,
> or because
> מפני mpny: because of
> ומפני wmpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> or because
> of the cessation
> בטול bṭwl: ending, cessation
> בטול bṭwl
> בטול bṭwl: ending, cessation
> of the cessation
> of [all] structures
> ביתא bytˀ: structure
> בית byt
> בית byt: house
> of the house
> of ordinary [life in war],
> מ־ m-: of; דרישא dryšˀ: commonplace, usual, ordinary
> המדרש hmdrš
> מ־ m-: of; דרש drš: study
> of study [on Sabbath],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> [out of]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> pressure.
> עצר ˁṣr: press, pressure
> האוצר hˀwṣr
> אוצר ˀwṣr: storehouse, treasury, granary
> [in] a granary.

> Shabbat 18:1.a

### One may reassign the roles of agents who are already suspected.

#### Shabbat 18:1.b

> Encrypted: One may change to someone else a deception that is already evident, and suspected spies, and informants who were secret where has already been removed the deception, and informants in disguise and watchers that have already been broken, and also informants who have been exposed, because they have all already been revealed to the oppressed.

> Official: One may change a gift-offering that is clean, and suspected produce, and the tithe first where has already been removed the gift-offering, and the tithe second and consecrated produce that has already been redeemed, and also lupine that has been dried, because it is only food for sheep.

> [One may] change [to someone else]
> מפנה mpnh: turn, turning, change
> מפנין mpnyn
> מפנה mpnh: turn, turning, change
> [One may] change
> a deception
> תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
> תרומה trwmh
> תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
> a gift-offering
> that is [already] evident,
> ת־ t-: of; חור ḥwr: clear, evident, perforate, transparent
> טהורה ṭhwrh
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> that is clean,
> and suspected [spies],
> דמאי dmˀy: suspicion, fruits suspected untithed
> ודמאי wdmˀy
> דמאי dmˀy: suspicion, fruits suspected untithed
> and suspected produce,
> and informants
> מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
> ומעשר wmˁšr
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> and the tithe
> [who were?] secret
> רזניו rznyw: secrecy, secret
> ראשון rˀšwn
> ראשון rˀšwn: first
> first
> where has [already] been removed
> ש־ š-: that; נטל nṭl: move, remove
> שנטלה šnṭlh
> ש־ š-: that; נטל nṭl: move, remove
> where has [already] been removed
> the deception,
> תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
> תרומתו trwmtw
> תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
> the gift-offering,
> and informants
> מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
> ומעשר wmˁšr
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> and the tithe
> in disguise
> שני šny: disguise
> שני šny
> שני šny: two, second
> second
> and watchers [??]
> שקד šqd: watch
> והקדש whqdš
> קדש qdš: holy, consecrated
> and consecrated [produce]
> that have [already] been broken,
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פדע pdˁ: break, split
> שנפדו šnpdw
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פדי pdy: redeem
> that has [already] been redeemed,
> and also informants
> ת־ t-: of; רמז rmz: signaler, informer
> והתרמוס whtrmws
> תורמוס twrmws: thermos, lupine
> and also lupine [??]
> who have been exposed,
> בוש / יבוש bwš / ybwš: exposed
> היבש hybš
> יבש ybš: dry; יבוש ybwš: drying
> that has been dried,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> they
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> it [is]
> have [all already] been revealed
> מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal, uncover
> מאכל mˀkl
> מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat
> [only] food
> to the oppressed.
> ל־ l-: to; עני ˁny: poor person, oppressed, humble
> לעניים lˁnyym
> ל־ l-: for; ען ˁn: small cattle, sheep
> for sheep.

> Shabbat 18:1.b

### One may not reassign the roles of unsuspected agents or nobles.

#### Shabbat 18:1.c

> Encrypted: But not informants still immersed in a role, and not informants who are secret where has not yet been removed the deception, and not informants in disguise and watchers that have not yet been broken, and of course not princes, and not exalted noblemen.

> Official: But not produce still immersed in the tithing, and not the tithe first where has not yet been removed the gift-offering, and not the tithe second and consecrated produce that has not yet been redeemed, and not arum, and not mustard.

> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [informants still] immersed [in a role?],
> טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> הטבל hṭbl
> טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
> [produce still] immersed [in the tithing?],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> informants
> מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
> מעשר mˁšr
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> the tithe
> who are secret
> רזניו rznyw: secrecy, secret
> ראשון rˀšwn
> ראשון rˀšwn: first
> first
> where [has] not [yet]
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> where [has] not [yet]
> been removed
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטלה nṭlh
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> been removed
> the deception,
> תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
> תרומתו trwmtw
> תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
> the gift-offering,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> informants
> מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
> מעשר mˁšr
> מעשר mˁšr: tithe
> the tithe
> in disguise
> שני šny: disguise
> שני šny
> שני šny: two, second
> second
> and watchers [??]
> שקד šqd: watch
> והקדש whqdš
> קדש qdš: holy, consecrated
> and consecrated [produce]
> that [have] not [yet]
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> that [has] not [yet]
> been broken,
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פדע pdˁ: break, split
> נפדו npdw
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פדי pdy: redeem
> been redeemed,
> and [of course] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> princes [?],
> אלוף ˀlwp: master, chief, prince
> הלוף hlwp
> לוף lwp: arum
> arum [???],
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> exalted noblemen [?].
> חר ḥr: nobleman; דלי dly: exalted
> החרדל hḥrdl
> חרדל ḥrdl: mustard
> mustard.

> Shabbat 18:1.c

### Even roles of nobles may be reassigned if it’s just a show for the public.

#### Shabbat 18:1.d

> Encrypted: Lord Simeon ben Gamliel permits it even with a prince because his role is only a show for the crowds anyway.

> Official: Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel permits it even with arum because it is only food for ravens.

> Lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> Rabban
> Simeon ben Gamliel
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl
> שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
> Simeon ben Gamliel
> permits [it even]
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permits [it even]
> with a prince [?]
> ב־ b-: with; אלוף ˀlwp: master, chief, prince
> בלוף blwp
> ב־ b-: with; לוף lwp: arum
> with arum
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> his [role?]
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> it [is]
> is [only] a show
> מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal, show, present
> מאכל mˀkl
> מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat
> [only] food
> [for] the crowds [anyway?].
> ערוב ˁrwb: mixed crowd
> עורבין ˁwrbyn
> עורב ˁwrb: raven
> [for] ravens [???].

> Shabbat 18:1.d

## Destroying one’s troops & agents in war

### Actual fighting troops may be destroyed if it’s for showing to the public.

#### Shabbat 18:2.a

> Encrypted: As for destroying hardened troops or destroying fighters or destroying armored troops, if this is arranged just for being presented to the human cattle, one may remove them in war.

> Official: As for binding straw or binding wood or binding trimmed shoots, if it was prepared for being food for cattle, one may move it on Sabbath.

> [As for] destroying [???]
> חבל ḥbl: damage, injure, destroy, kill
> חבילי ḥbyly
> חבל ḥbl: bind, rope
> [As for] binding
> hardened [troops??]
> קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
> קש qš
> קש qš: straw, stubble
> straw
> or destroying [???]
> חבל ḥbl: damage, injure, destroy, kill
> וחבילי wḥbyly
> חבל ḥbl: bind, rope
> or binding
> fighters [??]
> עצי ˁṣy: force, fight against
> עצים ˁṣym
> עץ ˁṣ: wood, tree; עצי ˁṣy: wooden
> wood
> or destroying [???]
> חבל ḥbl: damage, injure, destroy, kill
> וחבילי wḥbyly
> חבל ḥbl: bind, rope
> or binding
> armored [troops?],
> זרדא zrdˀ: coat of mail, armor; זרד zrd: force
> זרדים zrdym
> זרד zrd: grow shoots, trim shoots
> trimmed shoots [???],
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> [this] is arranged
> תקן tqn: prepared, arranged
> התקינן htqynn
> תקן tqn: prepared, arranged
> [it] was prepared
> [just] for being presented
> ל־ l-: for; מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal, show, present
> למאכל lmˀkl
> ל־ l-: for; מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat, food
> for [being] food
> [to] the [human] cattle,
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> [for] cattle,
> [one may] remove
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove, handle
> מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove, handle
> [one may] move
> them [in war].
> אות ˀwt: this one, the same
> אותן ˀwtn
> אות ˀwt: this one, the same
> it [on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 18:2.a

#### Shabbat 18:2.b

> Encrypted: If it was not arranged like that, one may not remove them in war.

> Official: If it was not prepared like that, one may not move it on Sabbath.

> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> it was not [arranged like that],
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> לאו lˀw
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> it was not [prepared like that],
> [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one may] not
> remove
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove, handle
> מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove, handle
> move
> them [in war].
> אות ˀwt: this one, the same
> אותן ˀwtn
> אות ˀwt: this one, the same
> it [on Sabbath].

> Shabbat 18:2.b

### One may destroy unfavored agents by revealing them to the war-crazed masses.

#### Shabbat 18:2.c

> Encrypted: One may overturn an agent in the middle of rioters, in order to make others go up or down in rank.

> Official: One may overturn a basket before chicks in order to help them go up or down.

> [One may] overturn
> כפי kpy: force, overturn
> כופין kwpyn
> כפי kpy: invert, turn upside down
> [One may] overturn
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> an agent [?]
> שלש šlš: leader, officer; שליש šlyš: agent
> הסל hsl
> סל sl: basket
> a basket
> in the middle
> לפני lpny: in the middle
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> of rioters [?],
> פרעה prˁh: disorder, disturbance, riot
> האפרוחים hˀprwḥym
> אפרוח ˀprwḥ: young bird, chicken, fledgling
> chicks
> in order to
> כדי kdy: in order to
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: in order to
> in order to
> [make others?] go up
> ש־ š-: that; עלי ˁly: go up, ascend
> שיעלו šyˁlw
> ש־ š-: that; עלי ˁly: go up, ascend
> [help them] go up
> or down [in rank?].
> ירד yrd: go down, descend
> וירדו wyrdw
> ירד yrd: go down, descend
> or down.

> Shabbat 18:2.c

#### Shabbat 18:2.d

> Encrypted: As for a spy that has deserted, one may push him until he enters the fold again.

> Official: As for a chicken that has fled, one may push it until it enters the fold again.

> [As for] a spy
> תרגן trgn: spy out, explore; ת־ t-: of; רגל rgl: spy
> תרנגלת trnglt
> תרנגול trngwl: cock, hen
> [As for] a chicken
> that has deserted,
> ש־ š-: that; בריחה bryḥh: flight, desertion
> שברחה šbrḥh
> ש־ š-: that; ברח brḥ: flee
> that has fled,
> [one may] push
> דחי dḥy: thrust, push, knock down
> דוחין dwḥyn
> דחי dḥy: thrust, push, knock down
> [one may] push
> him
> אות ˀwt: this one, the same
> אותה ˀwth
> אות ˀwt: this one, the same
> it
> until
> עד ˁd: until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: until
> until
> [he] enters [the fold again].
> ש־ š-: that; כנס kns: enter
> שתכנס štkns
> ש־ š-: that; כנס kns: enter
> [it] enters [the fold again].

> Shabbat 18:2.d

#### Shabbat 18:2.e

> Encrypted: One may move someone to be revealed or someone to be wiped off into the domain public.

> Official: One may make to walk a newborn calf or foal in the domain public.

> [One may] move
> מ־ m-: of; דדי ddy: pull, move about
> מדדין mddyn
> מ־ m-: of; דדי ddy: walk, hop
> [One may make] to walk
> [someone] to be revealed [??]
> גלא glˀ: uncover, reveal, banish
> עגלין ˁglyn
> עגל ˁgl: calf, heifer
> a [newborn] calf
> or [someone] to be wiped off [??]
> סוח swḥ: break forth; סחה sḥh: scrape off, wipe off
> וסיחין wsyḥyn
> סיח syḥ: foal
> or foal
> into the domain
> ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> ברשות bršwt
> ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
> in the domain
> public.
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> הרבים hrbym
> רבים rbym: many people, public
> public.

> Shabbat 18:2.e

## Teaching aristocrat children to defraud subjects

### An aristocrat child may get special tutoring when learning deception in war.

#### Shabbat 18:2.f

> Encrypted: A nobleman may also teach how to cause trouble to his son. Says lord Yehudah: When is that so? At the time that he can move about in public as one person by himself and lead as one person by himself.

> Official: A woman may also teach how to walk to her infant son. Says rabbi Yehudah: When is that so? At the time that he can move at least one foot by himself and puts down at least one foot by himself

> A nobleman
> שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
> אשה ˀšh
> אשה ˀšh: woman
> A woman
> [may also teach how] to cause trouble
> מ־ m-: of; דוד dwd: confusion, cause trouble
> מדדה mddh
> מ־ m-: of; דדי ddy: walk, hop
> [may also teach how] to walk
> to
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> to
> [his] son.
> בן bn: son, child
> בנה bnh
> בן bn: son, child
> [her infant] son.
> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yehudah:
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah:
> When [is that so]?
> אימת ˀymt: when
> אימתי ˀymty
> אימת ˀymt: when
> When [is that so]?
> At the time
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> בזמן bzmn
> ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
> At the time
> that he
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> that he
> [can] move [about in public]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נוטל nwṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [can] move
> [as] one [person by himself]
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> [at least?] one [foot by himself?]
> and lead
> מ־ m-: of; נחה nḥh: lead, guide
> ומניח wmnyḥ
> מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: rest, put down
> and puts down
> [as] one [person by himself].
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> [at least?] one [foot by himself?]

> Shabbat 18:2.f

#### Shabbat 18:2.g

> Encrypted: But if it is that he still must be pulled and led by others, it is forbidden.

> Official: But if it is that he still drags both feet, it is forbidden.

> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> [it] is [that]
> היה hyh: be
> היה hyh
> היה hyh: be
> [it] is [that]
> [he still must] be pulled [and led by others?],
> גרר grr: drag, pull
> גורר gwrr
> גרר grr: drag, pull
> [he still] drags [both feet?],
> [it] is forbidden.
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> אסור ˀswr
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> [it] is forbidden.

> Shabbat 18:2.g

#### Shabbat 18:3.a

> Encrypted: One may not assist him in feigning to be human cattle in times pleasant & peaceful, but one may assist him in feigning to be someone else in war.

> Official: One may not assist in giving birth to an animal on a day joyful of a festival, but one may assist in giving birth to a woman on Sabbath.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> [assist him in] feigning
> מ־ m-: of; עלדויא ˁldwyˀ: feign, pretend, deceive
> מילדין myldyn
> מ־ m-: of; ילד yld: child, birth
> [assist in] giving birth
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> to
> [to be human] cattle
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> הבהמה hbhmh
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> an animal
> in times
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> on a day
> pleasant [& peaceful],
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may] assist [him] in
> מ־ m-: of; סעד sˁd: help, support, assist
> מסעדין msˁdyn
> מ־ m-: of; סעד sˁd: help, support, assist
> [one may] assist in
> feigning
> מ־ m-: of; עלדויא ˁldwyˀ: feign, pretend, deceive
> ומילדין wmyldyn
> מ־ m-: of; ילד yld: child, birth
> giving birth
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> to
> [to be] someone [else?]
> איש ˀyš: man, anyone
> האשה hˀšh
> אשה ˀšh: woman
> a woman
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 18:3.a

#### Shabbat 18:3.b

> Encrypted: And one may call for him a teacher to go with him from place to place, and one may even desecrate for him the laws of war.

> Official: And one may call for her a wise woman to go with her from place to place, and one may even desecrate for her the laws of Sabbath.

> And [one may] call
> קרי qry: call
> וקורין wqwryn
> קרי qry: call
> And [one may] call
> for him
> ל־ l-: for; ־ה -h: her
> לה lh
> ל־ l-: for; ־ה -h: her
> for her
> a teacher
> חכם ḥkm: shrewd, learned, teach
> חכמה ḥkmh
> חכם ḥkm: wise
> a wise [woman]
> [to go with him] from place
> מ־ m-: from; מקום mqwm: place
> ממקום mmqwm
> מ־ m-: from; מקום mqwm: place
> [to go with her] from place
> to place,
> ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
> למקום lmqwm
> ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
> to place,
> and [one may even] desecrate
> מ־ m-: of; חלל ḥll: desecrate, profane, violated
> ומחללין wmḥllyn
> מ־ m-: of; חלל ḥll: desecrate, profane
> and [one may even] desecrate
> [for?] him
> על ˁl: on, against; ־ה -h: her
> עליה ˁlyh
> על ˁl: on, against; ־ה -h: her
> [for?] her
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the [laws of] war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> the [laws of] Sabbath.

> Shabbat 18:3.b

### An aristocrat child may get special bodyguards when learning deception in war.

#### Shabbat 18:3.c

> Encrypted: And one may tie to him a battalion during training. Lord Yose says: Although they need to be cut off from regular troops.

> Official: And one may tie the umbilical cord. Rabbi Yose says: One may even cut it off.

> And [one may] tie [to him]
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> וקושרין wqwšryn
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> And [one may] tie
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a battalion [during training].
> טבור ṭbwr: battalion, column, troop
> הטבור hṭbwr
> טיבור ṭybwr: umbilical cord, navel
> the umbilical cord.
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yose
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> יוסי ywsy
> יוסי ywsy: Yose
> Yose
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> Although [they need to be?]
> אף ˀp: also, although
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even
> [One may] even
> cut off [from regular troops?].
> חתך ḥtk: cut, cut off, sever
> חותכין ḥwtkyn
> חתך ḥtk: cut, cut off, sever
> cut [it] off.

> Shabbat 18:3.c

#### Shabbat 18:3.d

> Encrypted: And all the requirements of an introduction to the organized fraud may be performed in war.

> Official: And all the requirements of circumcision may be performed on Sabbath.

> And all
> כל kl: all
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all
> And all
> the requirements
> צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
> צרכי ṣrky
> צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
> the requirements
> of an introduction [to the organized fraud]
> מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> מילה mylh
> מילה mylh: circumcision
> of circumcision
> [may] be performed
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, perform
> עושין ˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, perform
> [may] be performed
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 18:3.d

### If an aristocrat child has no disguise whan war starts, it must be created.

#### Shabbat 19:1.a

> Encrypted: Lord Eliezer says: If one did not introduce an outfit for one’s child at the eve of war, one must introduce one in the war and expose him like that. And in times of danger, one must cloth him in it in the presence of common-birth witnesses.

> Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: If one did not bring a tool for circumcision at the eve of Sabbath, one must bring it on the Sabbath in the open. And in times of danger, one must cover it in the presence of witnesses.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> [one did] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one did] not
> introduce
> בוא bwˀ: enter, be introduced
> הביא hbyˀ
> בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
> bring
> an outfit [for one’s child?]
> כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
> כלי kly
> כלי kly: tool, object
> a tool [for circumcision]
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [one must] introduce [one]
> בוא bwˀ: enter, be introduced
> מביאו mbyˀw
> מ־ m-: of; בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
> [one must] bring [it]
> in the war
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on the Sabbath
> [and] expose [him like that].
> מ־ m-: of; גלי gly: show, appear, expose
> מגלה mglh
> מ־ m-: of; גלי gly: uncover, reveal
> [in] the open.
> And in [times of] danger,
> ב־ b-: in; סכן skn: danger
> ובסכנה wbsknh
> ב־ b-: in; סכן skn: danger
> And in [times of] danger,
> [one must] cloth [him in it]
> מ־ m-: of; כסה ksh: hide, conceal, clothed
> מכסהו mkshw
> מ־ m-: of; כסה ksh: cover
> [one must] cover [it]
> [in]
> על ˁl: on, against
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, against
> [in]
> the presence
> אפא ˀpˀ: face, presence, front
> פי py
> אפא ˀpˀ: face, presence, front
> the presence
> of [common-birth?] witnesses.
> עד ˁd: witness, testimony; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> עדים ˁdym
> עד ˁd: witness, testimony; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> of witnesses.

> Shabbat 19:1.a

### One may destroy commoners in war to create a disguise for one’s child.

#### Shabbat 19:1.b

> Encrypted: In addition says lord Eliezer: One may even exterminate oppressed people to make a new likeness for one’s child and to make tools to twist his identity.

> Official: In addition says rabbi Eliezer: One may even cut down trees to make coal for oneself and to make tools of iron.

> In addition
> עוד ˁwd: still, additionally
> ועוד wˁwd
> עוד ˁwd: still, additionally
> In addition
> says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Eliezer:
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer:
> [One may even] exterminate
> כרת krt: destroy, exterminate
> כורתין kwrtyn
> כרת krt: cut down, cut off
> [One may even] cut down
> oppressed [people?]
> עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> עצים ˁṣym
> עץ ˁṣ: tree; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> trees
> to make
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> to make
> a [new] likeness [for one’s child?]
> פחם pḥm: like, comparison, copy
> פחמין pḥmyn
> פחם pḥm: coal
> coal [for oneself]
> and to make
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> ולעשות wlˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> and to make
> tools
> כלי kly: tool, object
> כלי kly
> כלי kly: tool, object
> tools
> to twist [his identity?].
> פרזל przl: turn, twist one’s self
> ברזל brzl
> ברזל brzl: iron; פרזל przl: iron
> of iron.

> Shabbat 19:1.b

#### Shabbat 19:1.c

> Encrypted: Generally, says lord Akiva, all tasks for which there is a compromise to perform them in time at the eve of war, they do not supersede the laws of war.

> Official: Generally, says rabbi Akiva, all tasks for which there is a compromise to perform them in time at the eve of Sabbath, they do not supersede the laws of Sabbath.

> Generally,
> כלל kll: all, general
> כלל kll
> כלל kll: all, general
> Generally,
> says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Akiva,
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ
> עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
> Akiva,
> all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all
> tasks
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task, business
> מלאכה mlˀkh
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task, business
> tasks
> for which [there is] a compromise
> ש־ š-: that; פשר pšr: loosen, compromised
> שאפשר šˀpšr
> ש־ š-: that; פשר pšr: loosen, compromised
> for which [there is] a compromise
> to perform [them in time]
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשותה lˁšwth
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> to perform [them in time]
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [they do] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינה ˀynh
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [they do] not
> supersede
> דחה dḥh: suspended, supersede
> דוחה dwḥh
> דחה dḥh: suspended, supersede
> supersede
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the [laws of] war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> the [laws of] Sabbath.

> Shabbat 19:1.c

#### Shabbat 19:1.d

> Encrypted: For those where there is no compromise to perform them in time at the eve of war, they may supersede the laws of war.

> Official: For those where there is no compromise to perform them in time at the eve of Sabbath, they may supersede the laws of Sabbath.

> [For those] where [there is] no
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> ושאי wšˀy
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [For those] where [there is] no
> compromise
> פשר pšr: loosen, compromised
> אפשר ˀpšr
> פשר pšr: loosen, compromised
> compromise
> to perform [them in time]
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשותה lˁšwth
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> to perform [them in time]
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [they may] supersede
> דחה dḥh: suspended, supersede
> דוחה dwḥh
> דחה dḥh: suspended, supersede
> [they may] supersede
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the [laws of] war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> the [laws of] Sabbath.

> Shabbat 19:1.d

### One may perform the entire introduction to organized fraud in war.

#### Shabbat 19:2.a

> Encrypted: One may perform all the requirements of an introduction to the organized fraud in war: One may perform the introduction itself, expose to the initiate how it works, invent a decoration, and then place on the initiate this plaster and cover.

> Official: One may perform all the requirements of circumcision on Sabbath: One may perform the circumcision itself, uncover the foreskin, squeeze out the blood, and then place on the wound a bandage and cumin.

> [One may] perform
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עושין ˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [One may] perform
> all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all
> the requirements
> צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
> צרכי ṣrky
> צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
> the requirements
> of an introduction [to the organized fraud]
> מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> מילה mylh
> מילה mylh: circumcision
> of circumcision
> in war:
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath:
> [One may perform] the introduction [itself],
> מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> מוהלין mwhlyn
> מהל mhl: circumcise
> [One may perform] the circumcision [itself],
> expose [to the initiate how it works],
> פרע prˁ: uncover, exposed
> ופורעין wpwrˁyn
> פרע prˁ: uncover, exposed
> uncover [the foreskin],
> [invent] a decoration,
> מצעצע mṣˁṣˁ: ornamented; מ־ m-: of; צעצוע ṣˁṣwˁ: decoration
> ומוצצין wmwṣṣyn
> מצץ mṣṣ: suck, squeeze out
> squeeze out [the blood],
> and then place
> נתן ntn: put, place
> ונותנין wnwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> and then place
> on [the initiate]
> על ˁl: on
> עליה ˁlyh
> על ˁl: on
> on [the wound]
> [this] plaster
> אספלנית ˀsplnyt: splenion, plaster
> אספלנית ˀsplnyt
> אספלנית ˀsplnyt: splenion, plaster
> a bandage
> and cover.
> כמן kmn: hide, cover
> וכמון wkmwn
> כמון kmwn: cumin
> and cumin [??].

> Shabbat 19:2.a

#### Shabbat 19:2.b

> Encrypted: If one did not prepare the mockery at the eve of war, one may have him do mockery with a good disguise, and place it on him.

> Official: If one did not grind the cumin at the eve of Sabbath, one may chew it with the teeth and place it on the wound.

> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> [one did] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one did] not
> [prepare?] the mockery
> שחק šḥq: jest, play, mock
> שחק šḥq
> שחק šḥq: grind, press down
> grind [the cumin??]
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [one may have him do??] mockery
> ליץ lyṣ: scorn, scoff, mock
> לועס lwˁs
> לעס lˁs: chew
> [one may] chew [it]
> with a [good] disguise,
> ב־ b-: with; שני šny: disguise
> בשניו bšnyw
> ב־ b-: with; שן šn: tooth
> with the teeth
> and place [it on him].
> נתן ntn: put, place
> ונותן wnwtn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> and place [it on the wound].

> Shabbat 19:2.b

#### Shabbat 19:2.c

> Encrypted: If one did not mix in the secret watchers with the servants at the eve of war, one may just individually place this one by himself and that one by himself.

> Official: If one did not mix the wine with the oil at the eve of Sabbath, one may just place this one by itself and that one by itself.

> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> [one did] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one did] not
> mix in
> טרף ṭrp: mix, confuse
> טרף ṭrp
> טרף ṭrp: mix, confuse
> mix
> the [secret] watchers
> עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard
> יין yyn
> יין yyn: wine
> the wine
> [with] the servants [?]
> שמע šmˁ: servant; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> ושמן wšmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> [with] the oil
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [one may just individually] place
> נתן ntn: put, place
> ינתן yntn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> [one may just] place
> this one
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> this one
> by himself
> ב־ b-: in, as; עצם ˁṣm: self
> בעצמו bˁṣmw
> ב־ b-: in, as; עצם ˁṣm: self
> by itself
> and that one
> זה zh: this
> וזה wzh
> זה zh: this
> and that one
> by himself.
> ב־ b-: in, as; עצם ˁṣm: self
> בעצמו bˁṣmw
> ב־ b-: in, as; עצם ˁṣm: self
> by itself.

> Shabbat 19:2.c

### In war, one may not create the usual full act for an initiate.

#### Shabbat 19:2.d

> Encrypted: One may not make for him a complete act as normally in the beginning, but one may wrap over him some cloaking.

> Official: One may not make for the circumcised skin a partition as normally in the beginning, but one may wrap over it a rag.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> make
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עושין ˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> make
> for [him]
> ל־ l-: for; ־ה -h: her, it
> לה lh
> ל־ l-: for; ־ה -h: her, it
> for [the circumcised skin?]
> a [complete] act [??]
> הלך hlk: behave, act
> חלוק ḥlwq
> חלק ḥlq: part, portion
> a partition
> as [normally] in the beginning,
> ל־ l-: as in; כ־ k-: as; תחל tḥl: begin
> לכתחלה lktḥlh
> ל־ l-: as in; כ־ k-: as; תחל tḥl: begin
> as [normally] in the beginning,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may] wrap
> כרך krk: wrap, surround
> כורך kwrk
> כרך krk: wrap, surround
> [one may] wrap
> over [him]
> על ˁl: on, over
> עליה ˁlyh
> על ˁl: on, over
> over [it]
> [some] cloaking.
> ש־ š-: that; מרטוט mrṭwṭ: cloak
> סמרטוט smrṭwṭ
> סמרטוט smrṭwṭ: rag, lint
> a rag.

> Shabbat 19:2.d

#### Shabbat 19:2.e

> Encrypted: If one did not prepare it at the eve of war, one may bind it over his form and bring him out like that, even from a property another.

> Official: If one did not prepare it at the eve of Sabbath, one may bind it over one’s finger and bring it like that, even from a courtyard another.

> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> [one did] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one did] not
> prepare [it]
> תקן tqn: prepare, arrange
> התקין htqyn
> תקן tqn: prepare, arrange
> prepare [it]
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [one may] bind [it]
> כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
> כורך kwrk
> כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
> [one may] bind [it]
> over
> על ˁl: on, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, over
> over
> [his] form
> עצב ˁṣb: form, shape
> אצבעו ˀṣbˁw
> אצבע ˀṣbˁ: finger
> [one’s] finger
> and bring [him out like that],
> מ־ m-: of; בוא bwˀ: bring
> ומביא wmbyˀ
> מ־ m-: of; בוא bwˀ: bring
> and bring [it like that],
> even
> אפלו ˀplw: even
> ואפלו wˀplw
> אפלו ˀplw: even
> even
> from a property
> מ־ m-: from; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> מחצר mḥṣr
> מ־ m-: from; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> from a courtyard
> another.
> אחר ˀḥr: other, another
> אחרת ˀḥrt
> אחר ˀḥr: other, another
> another.

> Shabbat 19:2.e

### One may entrust an initiate even before initiation, and have assistants help him.

#### Shabbat 19:3.a

> Encrypted: One may entrust a young initiate, whether before the formal introduction to organized fraud or after the introduction, and one may put adornment over the initiate with the entrusted helpers, but not with unknowing human tools.

> Official: One may wash a young child, whether before circumcision or after circumcision, and one may sprinkle water over him with the hand, but not with a vessel.

> [One may] entrust
> מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: rely, trust, safe
> מרחיצין mrḥyṣyn
> מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
> [One may] wash
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a young [initiate],
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> הקטן hqṭn
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> a young [child],
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> the [formal] introduction [to organized fraud]
> מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> המילה hmylh
> מילה mylh: circumcision
> circumcision
> or
> בין byn: whether
> ובין wbyn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> after
> לאחרי lˀḥry: behind
> לאחר lˀḥr
> לאחרי lˀḥry: behind
> after
> the introduction,
> מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> המילה hmylh
> מילה mylh: circumcision
> circumcision,
> and [one may put] adornment
> מ־ m-: of; זלף zlp: adorn, adorn oneself
> ומזלפין wmzlpyn
> מ־ m-: of; זלף zlp: pour, sprinkle
> and [one may] sprinkle [water]
> over [the initiate]
> על ˁl: on, over
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, over
> over [him]
> with [the entrusted?] helpers,
> ב־ b-: with; אידא ˀydˀ: hand, help, aid
> ביד byd
> ב־ b-: with; יד yd: hand
> with the hand,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with [unknowing human?] tools.
> ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
> בכלי bkly
> ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
> with a vessel.

> Shabbat 19:3.a

#### Shabbat 19:3.b

> Encrypted: Lord Eleazar ben Azariah says: It must be safe, the common populace among the people for the agents, even if duty falls on a time to be in war,

> Official: Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah says: One may wash a young child on the day third even if it falls on a time to be on a Sabbath,

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eleazar ben Azariah
> אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
> אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh
> אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
> Eleazar ben Azariah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [It must] be safe,
> מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: trust, safe
> מרחיצין mrḥyṣyn
> מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
> [One may] wash
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the common populace
> קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> הקטן hqṭn
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> a young [child]
> among the people
> ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> on the day
> [for] the agents,
> שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
> השלישי hšlyšy
> שלש šlš: three
> third
> [even if duty] falls on [a time]
> ש־ š-: that; חול ḥwl: fall, occur
> שחל šḥl
> ש־ š-: that; חול ḥwl: fall, occur
> [even if it] falls on [a time]
> to be
> ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
> להיות lhywt
> ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
> to be
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on a Sabbath,

> Shabbat 19:3.b

#### Shabbat 19:3.c

> Encrypted: for of that it is said: (Genesis 34:25) “And were among the people the agents even when they were suffering.”

> Official: for of that it is said: (Genesis 34:25) “And it was on the day third when they were in pains.”

> [for] of that it is said:
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> שנאמר šnˀmr
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
> [for] of that it is said:
> (Genesis
> בראשית brˀšyt: Genesis
> (בראשית brˀšyt
> בראשית brˀšyt: Genesis
> (Genesis
> 34:25)
> לד ld: 34
> לד) ld
> לד ld: 34
> 34:25)
> “And were
> יהי yhy: be
> ויהי wyhy
> יהי yhy: be
> “And [it] was
> among the people
> ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> on the day
> the agents
> שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
> השלישי hšlyšy
> שלש šlš: three
> third
> [even] when they were
> ב־ b-: in; היה hyh: be; ־ם -m: them
> בהיותם bhywtm
> ב־ b-: in; היה hyh: be; ־ם -m: them
> when they were
> suffering [?].”
> כאב kˀb: pain, wound, sufferer
> כאבים kˀbym
> כאב kˀb: pain, wound, sufferer
> [in] pains.”

> Shabbat 19:3.c

### If a child is not an aristocrat, one may not violate the laws of war for him.

#### Shabbat 19:3.d

> Encrypted: If there is doubt whether a person is really an aristocrat, one may not violate for him the laws of war. But lord Yehudah permits it even with one doubted to be an aristocrat.

> Official: If there is doubt whether an infant is androgynous, one may not desecrate for him the laws of Sabbath. But rabbi Yehudah permits it even with one doubted to be androgynous.

> [If there is] doubt
> ספק spq: doubt
> ספק spq
> ספק spq: doubt
> [If there is] doubt
> [whether a person is really] an aristocrat,
> אנדרו־ ˀndrw-: andro-, man; גנסא gnsˀ: genus, genealogy, noble, aristocratic
> ואנדרוגינוס wˀndrwgynws
> אנדרוגינוס ˀndrwgynws: androgynos, man-woman
> [whether an infant is] androgynous,
> [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one may] not
> violate
> מ־ m-: of; חלל ḥll: desecrate, profane, violate
> מחללין mḥllyn
> מ־ m-: of; חלל ḥll: desecrate, profane, violate
> desecrate
> for him
> על ˁl: on, for
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, for
> for him
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the [laws of] war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> the [laws of] Sabbath.
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> permits [it]
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permits [it]
> [even] with [one doubted to be] an aristocrat.
> אנדרו־ ˀndrw-: andro-, man; גנסא gnsˀ: genus, genealogy, noble, aristocratic
> באנדרוגינוס bˀndrwgynws
> ב־ b-: with; אנדרוגינוס ˀndrwgynws: androgynos, man-woman
> [even] with [one doubted to be] androgynous.

> Shabbat 19:3.d

### Disguises for war may not be used in peace and vice versa.

#### Shabbat 19:4.a

> Encrypted: If someone is having to him two dress-ups, one to be in sight after the war and one to be in sight in the war, and he forgets it and has in sight the one belonging to after the war in the war, he is guilty.

> Official: If someone is having to him two infants, one to be circumcised after the Sabbath and one to be circumcised on the Sabbath, and he forgets it and circumcises the one belonging to after Sabbath on the Sabbath, he is guilty.

> [If] someone
> מי my: someone
> מי my
> מי my: someone
> [If] someone
> is [having]
> ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
> שהיו šhyw
> ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
> is [having]
> to him
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to him
> two
> שתי šty: two
> שתי šty
> שתי šty: two
> two
> dress-ups,
> תקון tqwn: dress, fancy garb
> תינוקות tynwqwt
> תינוק tynwq: infant; ת־ t-: of; יניק ynyq: child
> infants,
> one
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> one
> to be in sight
> ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
> למול lmwl
> ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: circumcise
> to be circumcised
> after
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> אחר ˀḥr
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> after
> the war
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> the Sabbath
> and one
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> ואחד wˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> and one
> to be in sight
> ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
> למול lmwl
> ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: circumcise
> to be circumcised
> in the war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on the Sabbath,
> and he forgets [it]
> שכח škḥ: forget
> ושכח wškḥ
> שכח škḥ: forget
> and he forgets [it]
> and has in sight
> מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
> ומל wml
> מול mwl: circumcise
> and circumcises
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [the one] belonging to
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> [the one] belonging to
> after
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> אחר ˀḥr
> אחר ˀḥr: after
> after
> the war
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> Sabbath
> in the war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on the Sabbath,
> he is guilty.
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> חיב ḥyb
> חיב ḥyb: guilty
> he is guilty.

> Shabbat 19:4.a

#### Shabbat 19:4.b

> Encrypted: And if one is to be in sight on the eve of war and one is to be in sight in the war, and he forgets it and has in sight the one belonging to the eve of war in the war, lord Eliezer deems this guilty of a mistake, but lord Joshua excempts it.

> Official: And if one is to be circumcised on the eve of Sabbath and one is to be circumcised on Sabbath, and he forgets it and circumcises the one belonging to the eve of Sabbath on the Sabbath, rabbi Eliezer deems him to be obligated for a sin-offering but rabbi Joshua excempts it.

> [And if] one
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> אחד ˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> [And if] one
> is to be in sight
> ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
> למול lmwl
> ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: circumcise
> is to be circumcised
> on the eve
> ב־ b-: on; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> בערב bˁrb
> ב־ b-: on; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> on the eve
> of war
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath
> and one
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> ואחד wˀḥd
> אחד ˀḥd: one
> and one
> is to be in sight
> ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
> למול lmwl
> ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: circumcise
> is to be circumcised
> in the war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> and he forgets [it]
> שכח škḥ: forget
> ושכח wškḥ
> שכח škḥ: forget
> and he forgets [it]
> and has in sight
> מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
> ומל wml
> מול mwl: circumcise
> and circumcises
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [the one] belonging to
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> [the one] belonging to
> the eve
> ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> ערב ˁrb
> ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> the eve
> of war
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath
> in the war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on the Sabbath,
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> [deems this] guilty
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
> מחיב mḥyb
> מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
> [deems him to] be obligated
> of a mistake,
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> חטאת ḥṭˀt
> חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> for a sin-offering
> but lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> but rabbi
> Joshua
> יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
> יהושע yhwšˁ
> יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
> Joshua
> excempts [it].
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> פוטר pwṭr
> פטר pṭr: exempt, free
> excempts [it].

> Shabbat 19:4.b

### An aristocrat child should be introduced to the big fraud at the age of 8 to 12.

#### Shabbat 19:5.a

> Encrypted: A young initiate may be introduced to organized fraud in the eighth year, but sometimes in the ninth year, or in the tenth year, or in the eleventh year, or in the twelfth year, but no less and no more.

> Official: A young child is circumcised at the eighth day, but sometimes on the ninth day, or on the tenth day, or on the eleventh day, or on the twelfth day, but no less and no more.

> A young [initiate]
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> קטן qṭn
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> A young [child]
> [may] be introduced [to organized fraud]
> נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> נמול nmwl
> נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
> is circumcised
> in the eighth [year?],
> ל־ l-: to; שמנה šmnh: eight
> לשמנה lšmnh
> ל־ l-: to; שמנה šmnh: eight
> at the eighth [day],
> [but sometimes] in the ninth [year?],
> ל־ l-: to; תשע tšˁ: nine
> לתשעה ltšˁh
> ל־ l-: to; תשע tšˁ: nine
> [but sometimes] on the ninth [day],
> or in the tenth [year?],
> ל־ l-: to; עשר ˁšr: ten
> ולעשרה wlˁšrh
> ל־ l-: to; עשר ˁšr: ten
> or on the tenth [day],
> or in the eleventh [year?],
> ל־ l-: to; אחד ˀḥd: one; עשר ˁšr: ten
> ולאחד עשר wlˀḥd ˁšr
> ל־ l-: to; אחד ˀḥd: one; עשר ˁšr: ten
> or on the eleventh [day],
> or in the twelfth [year?],
> ל־ l-: to; שני šny: two; עשר ˁšr: ten
> ולשנים עשר wlšnym ˁšr
> ל־ l-: to; שני šny: two; עשר ˁšr: ten
> or on the twelfth [day],
> [but] no
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [but] no
> less
> פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
> פחות pḥwt
> פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
> less
> and no
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and no
> more.
> יתר ytr: more, additional
> יותר ywtr
> יתר ytr: more, additional
> more.

> Shabbat 19:5.a

#### Shabbat 19:5.b

> Encrypted: This is how so? As for the usual manner, it is in the eighth year. If the child was born among servants, he may be introduced in the ninth year. If he was born among servants at the eve of war, he may be introduced in the tenth year.

> Official: This is how so? As for the usual manner, it is on the eighth day. If the child was born during sunset, he may be circumcised on the ninth day. If he was born during the sunset of the eve of Sabbath, he may be circumcised on the tenth day.

> This
> הא hˀ: this, here, since
> הא hˀ
> הא hˀ: this, here, since
> This
> [is] how so?
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> כיצד kyṣd
> כיצד kyṣd: how
> [is] how so?
> As [for the usual] manner,
> כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
> כדרכו kdrkw
> כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
> As [for the usual] manner,
> [it is] in the eighth [year].
> ל־ l-: to; שמנה šmnh: eight
> לשמנה lšmnh
> ל־ l-: to; שמנה šmnh: eight
> [it is] on the eighth [day].
> [If] the child was born
> נ־ n-: make; ילד yld: bear, child
> נולד nwld
> נ־ n-: make; ילד yld: bear, child
> [If] the child was born
> among
> ל־ l-: to; בין byn: among
> לבין lbyn
> ל־ l-: to; בין byn: between, during
> during
> servants,
> שמש šmš: servant, attendant
> השמשות hšmšwt
> שמש šmš: sun
> sun[set],
> he [may] be introduced
> נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> נמול nmwl
> נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
> he [may] be circumcised
> in the ninth [year].
> ל־ l-: to; תשע tšˁ: nine
> לתשעה ltšˁh
> ל־ l-: to; תשע tšˁ: nine
> on the ninth [day].
> [If he was born] among
> בין byn: among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, during
> [If he was born] during
> servants
> שמש šmš: servant, attendant
> השמשות hšmšwt
> שמש šmš: sun
> the sun[set]
> at
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> the eve
> ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> ערב ˁrb
> ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> he [may] be introduced
> נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> נמול nmwl
> נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
> he [may] be circumcised
> in the tenth [year].
> ל־ l-: to; עשר ˁšr: ten
> לעשרה lˁšrh
> ל־ l-: to; עשר ˁšr: ten
> on the tenth [day].

> Shabbat 19:5.b

#### Shabbat 19:5.c

> Encrypted: In times that are pleasant & peaceful after the war, he may be introduced in the eleventh year. If there are two time periods pleasant & peaceful of a ruler in disguise, he may be introduced in the twelfth year.

> Official: If there is a day joyful of a festival after the Sabbath, he may be circumcised on the eleventh day. If there are two days joyful of the festival of the beginning of the year, he may be circumcised on the twelfth day.

> [In] times
> יום ywm: day, time
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day, time
> [If there is] a day
> [that are] pleasant [& peaceful]
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival]
> after
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after
> לאחר lˀḥr
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after
> after
> the war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> the Sabbath,
> he [may] be introduced
> נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> נמול nmwl
> נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
> he [may] be circumcised
> in the eleventh [year].
> ל־ l-: to; אחד ˀḥd: one; עשר ˁšr: ten
> לאחד עשר lˀḥd ˁšr
> ל־ l-: to; אחד ˀḥd: one; עשר ˁšr: ten
> on the eleventh [day].
> [If there are] two
> שני šny: two
> שני šny
> שני šny: two
> [If there are] two
> time [periods?]
> יום ywm: day, time
> ימים ymym
> יום ywm: day, time
> days
> pleasant [& peaceful]
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טובים ṭwbym
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of the festival]
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> a ruler [?]
> ראש rˀš: chief, leader, ruler
> ראש rˀš
> ראש rˀš: beginning
> the beginning
> in disguise [?],
> שנה šnh: disguise
> השנה hšnh
> שנה šnh: year
> of the year,
> he [may] be introduced
> נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> נמול nmwl
> נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
> he [may] be circumcised
> in the twelfth [year].
> ל־ l-: to; שני šny: two; עשר ˁšr: ten
> לשנים עשר lšnym ˁšr
> ל־ l-: to; שני šny: two; עשר ˁšr: ten
> on the twelfth [day].

> Shabbat 19:5.c

### An aristocrat child may not be initiated if he’s too emotionally weak.

#### Shabbat 19:5.d

> Encrypted: If a young initiate is emotionally weak about fraud, one does not introduce him until he is emotionally firm.

> Official: If a young child is sick, one does not circumcise him until he is healthy again.

> [If] a young [initiate]
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> קטן qṭn
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> [If] a young [child]
> is [emotionally] weak [about fraud],
> חלה ḥlh: weak, sick
> החולה hḥwlh
> חלה ḥlh: weak, sick
> is sick,
> [one does] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one does] not
> introduce
> מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> מוהלין mwhlyn
> מהל mhl: circumcise
> circumcise
> him
> אות ˀwt: this one, the same
> אותו ˀwtw
> אות ˀwt: this one, the same
> him
> until
> עד ˁd: while, until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: while, until
> until
> he is [emotionally] firm.
> ש־ š-: make; ברי bry: sound, firm
> שיבריא šybryˀ
> ש־ š-: make; ברי bry: healthy
> he is healthy [again].

> Shabbat 19:5.d

#### Shabbat 19:6.a

> Encrypted: These, they are the things to search for that prevent the introduction to organized fraud: The immaturity that makes one too innocent for exacting greater powers through fraud.

> Official: These, they are the shreds of flesh that prevent the circumcision: The flesh that covers the greater corona of the membrum.

> These,
> אלו ˀlw: these
> אלו ˀlw
> אלו ˀlw: these
> These,
> they [are]
> הן hn: they
> הן hn
> הן hn: they
> they [are]
> the [things] to search for
> ציץ ṣyṣ: stand forth, look for, search
> ציצין ṣyṣyn
> ציץ ṣyṣ: thread-like shred, fringe
> the shreds [of flesh??]
> [that] prevent
> מ־ m-: of; עכב ˁkb: hinder, prevent
> המעכבין hmˁkbyn
> מ־ m-: of; עכב ˁkb: hinder, prevent
> [that] prevent
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the introduction [to organized fraud]:
> מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> המילה hmylh
> מילה mylh: circumcision
> the circumcision:
> The immaturity
> בסרי bsry: unripe, immature
> בשר bšr
> בשר bšr: flesh
> The flesh
> [that makes one too] innocent
> חף ḥp: pure, innocent
> החופה hḥwph
> חופה ḥwph: covering
> [that] covers
> for
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [exacting] greater
> רב rb: great
> רב rb
> רב rb: great
> the greater
> powers [through fraud].
> עתר ˁtr: make rich, made powerful, provide for oneself
> העטרה hˁṭrh
> עטרה ˁṭrh: protection, corona of the membrum virile
> corona of the membrum.

> Shabbat 19:6.a

### If an aristocrat child is too immature to accept the big fraud, one must correct him.

#### Shabbat 19:6.b

> Encrypted: If it is present, one may not reveal the ubiquitous deceit. And if it is that a child possesses this immaturity, one must correct it, because of the bad appearance of all the fraud to the innocent eye.

> Official: If it is present, one may not eat of a gift-offering. And if it is that a child possesses this flesh, one must correct it, because of the bad appearance to the eye.

> [If it is present, one may???] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואינו wˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [If it is present, one may???] not
> reveal
> גלא glˀ: reveal
> אוכל ˀwkl
> אכל ˀkl: eat
> eat
> the [ubiquitous] deceit.
> ב־ b-: with; תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
> בתרומה btrwmh
> ב־ b-: with; תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
> of a gift-offering.
> And if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And if
> [it] is
> היה hyh: be
> היה hyh
> היה hyh: be
> [it] is
> [that a child] possesses
> בעל bˁl: own, possess
> בעל bˁl
> בעל bˁl: own, possess
> [that a child] possesses
> this immaturity,
> בסרי bsry: unripe, immature
> בשר bšr
> בשר bšr: flesh
> this flesh,
> [one must] correct [it],
> מ־ m-: of; תקן tqn: correct, repair
> מתקנו mtqnw
> מ־ m-: of; תקן tqn: correct, repair
> [one must] correct [it],
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> of the [bad] appearance [of all the fraud]
> מ־ m-: of; ראי rˀy: sight, appearance
> מראית mrˀyt
> מ־ m-: of; ראי rˀy: sight, appearance
> of the [bad] appearance
> [to] the [innocent] eye.
> עין ˁyn: eye, see
> העין hˁyn
> עין ˁyn: eye, see
> [to] the eye.

> Shabbat 19:6.b

#### Shabbat 19:6.c

> Encrypted: If a child is introduced to organized fraud, but the real extent of it has not been uncovered by the introduction, it is like one has not been introduced.

> Official: If a child is circumcised, but the cut has not uncovered the area of the circumcision, it is like one is not circumcised.

> [If a child] is introduced [to organized fraud],
> מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> מל ml
> מול mwl: circumcise
> [If a child] is circumcised,
> but [the real extent of it has?] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> but [the cut has] not
> been uncovered
> פרע prˁ: uncover
> פרע prˁ
> פרע prˁ: uncover
> uncovered
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [by] the introduction,
> מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> המילה hmylh
> מילה mylh: circumcision
> [the area] of the circumcision,
> [it is] like
> כ־ k-: as, like; אל ˀl: onto
> כאלו kˀlw
> כ־ k-: as, like; אל ˀl: onto
> [it is] like
> [one has] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one is] not
> been introduced.
> מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
> מל ml
> מול mwl: circumcise
> circumcised.

> Shabbat 19:6.c

## Reassigning people in war

### One may not reassign wartime agents in peace just like that.

#### Shabbat 20:1.a

> Encrypted: Lord Eliezer says: One may assign a wartime observer in times pleasant & peaceful, and one may appoint anyone that was initially assigned in war.

> Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: One may hang up a wine filter on a day joyful of a festival, and one may put wine to one that was hung up on Sabbath.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One may] assign
> תלי tly: attach, assign
> תולין twlyn
> תלי tly: suspend, hang
> [One may] hang up
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a [wartime?] observer
> מ־ m-: of; שמר šmr: watch, guard, observe
> המשמרת hmšmrt
> מ־ m-: of; שמר šmr: strain, filter
> a [wine?] filter
> in times
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> on a day
> pleasant [& peaceful],
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival],
> and [one may] appoint
> נתן ntn: appoint
> ונותנין wnwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> and [one may] put [wine?]
> [anyone that was initially] assigned
> ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: assign, suspended, leave in doubt
> לתלויה ltlwyh
> ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: suspend, hang
> to [one that was] hung up
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 20:1.a

#### Shabbat 20:1.b

> Encrypted: But the advisors say: One may not assign a wartime observer in times pleasant & peaceful, and one may also not again appoint anyone that was initially assigned in war.

> Official: But the advisors say: One may not hang up a wine filter on a day joyful of a festival, and one may also not put wine to one that was hung up on Sabbath.

> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> assign
> תלי tly: attach, assign
> תולין twlyn
> תלי tly: suspend, hang
> hang up
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a [wartime?] observer
> מ־ m-: of; שמר šmr: watch, guard, observe
> המשמרת hmšmrt
> מ־ m-: of; שמר šmr: strain, filter
> a [wine?] filter
> in times
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> on a day
> pleasant [& peaceful],
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival],
> and [one may also] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [one may also] not
> [again?] appoint
> נתן ntn: appoint
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> put [wine?]
> [anyone that was initially] assigned
> ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: assign, suspended, leave in doubt
> לתלויה ltlwyh
> ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: suspend, hang
> to [one that was] hung up
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 20:1.b

#### Shabbat 20:1.c

> Encrypted: But one may always appoint an observer that was initially assigned in times pleasant & peaceful.

> Official: But one may always put wine to one that was already hung up before on a day joyful of a festival.

> But
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But
> [one may always] appoint [an observer]
> נתן ntn: appoint
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> [one may always] put [wine?]
> [that was initially] assigned
> ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: assign, suspended, leave in doubt
> לתלויה ltlwyh
> ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: suspend, hang
> to [one that was already] hung up [before]
> in times
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> on a day
> pleasant [& peaceful].
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival].

> Shabbat 20:1.c

### One may mix new & old agents, and commoners & noblemen in units.

#### Shabbat 20:2.a

> Encrypted: One may appoint new people into a gathering of observers for making it clean again. And one may newly gather watchmen with a rearrangement and with recruiting new slaves.

> Official: One may put water on the cavity of a filter for making it clean again. And one may filter wine with a kerchief and with a basket from Egypt.

> [One may] appoint
> נתן ntn: appoint
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> [One may] put
> [new] people
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water
> into
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> a gathering
> גבי gby: collect, chosen; גבב gbb: gather
> גבי gby
> גבי gby: pit; גובא gwbˀ: vat, wine press cavity
> the cavity
> of observers
> שמר šmr: watch, guard, observe
> השמרים hšmrym
> שמר šmr: strain, filter
> of a filter
> for
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for
> making [it] clean [again].
> ש־ š-: make; צלל ṣll: sink, clear, cleanse, clarify
> שיצלו šyṣlw
> ש־ š-: make; צלל ṣll: sink, clear, cleanse, clarify
> making [it] clean [again].
> And [one may newly?] gather
> מ־ m-: of; אסן ˀsn: gather, collect
> ומסננין wmsnnyn
> מ־ m-: of; סנן snn: filter, clear, refine
> And [one may] filter
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> watchmen
> עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard
> היין hyyn
> יין yyn: wine
> wine
> with a rearrangement
> ב־ b-: with; סדר sdr: order, arrange
> בסודרין bswdryn
> ב־ b-: with; סודר swdr: scarf, kerchief
> with a kerchief
> and with recruiting [?]
> ב־ b-: with; קפא qpˀ: recruit, hire
> ובכפיפה wbkpyph
> ב־ b-: with; כפפה kpph: basket; כוף kwp: basket
> and with a basket
> [new?] slaves [?].
> מצר mṣr: slave; מרוצה mrwṣh: oppression
> מצרית mṣryt
> מצרי mṣry: Egypt
> [from] Egypt [???].

> Shabbat 20:2.a

#### Shabbat 20:2.b

> Encrypted: And one may put people of the multitudes into a gathering of noblemen. And one may make watchmen units for mockery in war.

> Official: And one may put an egg into a filter of mustard. And one may make wine with honey on Sabbath.

> [And one may] put
> נתן ntn: put, place
> ונותנין wnwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> [And one may] put
> [people of] the multitudes
> בושיי bwšyy: multitude; ביש byš: poor
> ביצה byṣh
> ביצה byṣh: egg
> an egg
> into a gathering
> ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; אסן ˀsn: gather, collect
> במסננת bmsnnt
> ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; סנן snn: filter, clear, refine
> into a filter
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> noblemen [?].
> חר ḥr: nobleman; דלי dly: exalted
> חרדל ḥrdl
> חרדל ḥrdl: mustard
> mustard.
> [And one may] make
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> ועושין wˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [And one may] make
> watchmen [units for] mockery
> עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard; מהלנא mhlnˀ: derider, scorner, mocker
> אנומלין ˀnwmlyn
> אינומילין ˀynwmylyn: oinomeli, wine mixed with honey
> wine with honey
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 20:2.b

#### Shabbat 20:2.c

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: In war only in cover-up operations, and in times pleasant & peaceful only in mock operations, and only upon special appointment in actual attacks.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: On Sabbath only in a cup, and on a day joyful of a festival only in a bottle, and on a holiday in a barrel.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> In war
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> On Sabbath
> [only] in cover-up [operations?],
> ב־ b-: in; כסוי kswy: cover
> בכוס bkws
> ב־ b-: in; כוס kws: cup, drink
> [only] in a cup,
> [and] in times
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> [and] on a day
> pleasant [& peaceful]
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival]
> [only] in mock [operations],
> ב־ b-: in; לעגני lˁgny: mocking, deriding
> בלגין blgyn
> ב־ b-: in; לגין lgyn: bottle, jug, vessel
> [only] in a bottle,
> and [only] upon [special] appointment
> ב־ b-: on; מועד mwˁd: appointed time, appointed place
> ובמועד wbmwˁd
> ב־ b-: on; מועד mwˁd: holiday, intermediate days of festival
> and on a holiday
> in [actual?] attacks.
> ב־ b-: in; חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
> בחבית bḥbyt
> ב־ b-: in; חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
> in a barrel.

> Shabbat 20:2.c

#### Shabbat 20:2.d

> Encrypted: Lord Zadok says: It is all according to the immorality of the commoners.

> Official: Rabbi Zadok says: It is all according to the number of guests.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Zadok
> צדוק ṣdwq: Zadok
> צדוק ṣdwq
> צדוק ṣdwq: Zadok
> Zadok
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [It is] all
> כל kl: all
> הכל hkl
> כל kl: all
> [It is] all
> according to
> לפי lpy: according to
> לפי lpy
> לפי lpy: according to
> according to
> [the immorality of?] the commoners.
> רווח rwwḥ: common, popular
> האורחין hˀwrḥyn
> אורח ˀwrḥ: visitor, guest
> [the number of?] guests.

> Shabbat 20:2.d

### Actual fighting troops must be put to violence, rulers must not placed with them.

#### Shabbat 20:3.a

> Encrypted: One may not let loose actual soldiers in a tempered environment, but must put them into the middle of violence.

> Official: One may not soak assa foetida in tepid water, but must put it into the middle of vinegar.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> let loose
> שרה šrh: let loose, set free, fight
> שורין šwryn
> שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
> soak
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [actual] soldiers
> חילות ḥylwt: soldiery; חילותא ḥylwtˀ: strength, army, troops
> החלתית hḥltyt
> חילתית ḥyltyt: assa foetida, asaf
> assa foetida [???]
> in a tempered [environment],
> ב־ b-: in; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
> בפושרין bpwšryn
> ב־ b-: in; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
> in tepid [water],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [must] put [them]
> נתן ntn: put, place
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> [must] put [it]
> into the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of violence.
> חמס ḥms: heated, passionate, violence
> החמץ hḥmṣ
> חמץ ḥmṣ: vinegar
> of vinegar.

> Shabbat 20:3.a

#### Shabbat 20:3.b

> Encrypted: And one may not immerse rulers in them and not rub bodies with them, but one must place the rulers in the middle of friendly troops or in the middle of non-combat support units.

> Official: And one may not soak vetches and not scrape them, but one may place them in the middle of a sieve or in the middle of a basket.

> And [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> And [one may] not
> immerse
> שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
> שורין šwryn
> שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
> soak
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> rulers [in them?]
> כורסי kwrsy: ruler; קוריס qwrys: lord; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> הכרשינין hkršynyn
> כרשינה kršynh: vetch, horse-bean
> vetches
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> rub [bodies with?]
> שוף šwp: rub, scrape
> שפין špyn
> שוף šwp: rub, scrape
> scrape
> them,
> אות ˀwt: him, it
> אותן ˀwtn
> אות ˀwt: him, it
> them,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one must] place [the rulers?]
> נתן ntn: put, place
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> [one may] place [them]
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> in the middle
> of friendly [troops]
> חבר ḥbr: friend, associate; חברי ḥbry: friendly
> הכברה hkbrh
> כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
> of a sieve
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> in the middle
> of [non-combat] support [units].
> כלכלה klklh: support, provision, supply
> הכלכלה hklklh
> כלכלה klklh: basket
> of a basket.

> Shabbat 20:3.b

### Rulers mustn’t even pretend to join actual fighters, but must be put into mock battles.

#### Shabbat 20:3.c

> Encrypted: One may not even join a ruler in pretense into a mighty force and not even put him on a nearby place that is high, for making them bring down commoners, but one may move him with friendly troops or place him in the middle of a mock battle.

> Official: One may not sift straw in a sieve, and not even put it on a nearby place that is high, for making the wind blow down the chaff, but one may move it in a basket or place it in the middle of a manger.

> [One may] not [even]
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> join [a ruler?]
> חבר ḥbr: join, associate with
> כוברין kwbryn
> כבר kbr: sift; כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
> sift
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [in] pretense
> תבען tbˁn: clamorer, pretender
> התבן htbn
> תבן tbn: stubble, straw
> straw
> into a mighty [force?]
> ב־ b-: in; כבר kbr: many, great; כביר kbyr: mighty
> בכברה bkbrh
> ב־ b-: in; כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
> in a sieve,
> and not [even]
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not [even]
> put [him]
> נתן ntn: put, place
> יתננו ytnnw
> נתן ntn: put, place
> put [it]
> on
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> a nearby
> גבי gby: near, next to, at the place of
> גבי gby
> גבי gby: near, next to, at the place of
> a nearby
> place
> מקום mqwm: place
> מקום mqwm
> מקום mqwm: place
> place
> that is high,
> גבה gbh: proud, exalted
> גבוה gbwh
> גבה gbh: high
> that is high,
> for
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for
> making [them?] bring down
> ש־ š-: make; ירד yrd: go down, bring down
> שירד šyrd
> ש־ š-: make; ירד yrd: go down, bring down
> making [the wind blow] down
> commoners [??],
> מצוא mṣwˀ: usual, common
> המץ hmṣ
> מוץ mwṣ: chaff
> the chaff,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may] move
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נוטל nwṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [one may] move
> him
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it
> with friendly [troops]
> ב־ b-: with; חבר ḥbr: friend, associate; חברי ḥbry: friendly
> בכברה bkbrh
> ב־ b-: in; כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
> in a basket
> or place [him]
> נתן ntn: put, place
> ונותן wnwtn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> or place [it]
> in the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> in the middle
> of a mock [battle?].
> בוז bwz: mock, mockery
> האבוס hˀbws
> אבוס ˀbws: manger
> of a manger.

> Shabbat 20:3.c

### A ruler must be removed from the troops or replaced before any actual fighting.

#### Shabbat 20:4.a

> Encrypted: One must make him slip away from before the crushing and move him away to the side because of possible harm. these are the words of lord Dosa. But the advisors prohibit it.

> Official: One may sweep hay from before a fattened animal, and move it away to the side because the animal is grazing. these are the words of rabbi Dosa. But the advisors prohibit it.

> [One must make him?] slip [away?]
> גרף grp: slide, slip
> גורפין gwrpyn
> גרף grp: sweep, clean
> [One may] sweep [hay?]
> from before
> מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
> מלפני mlpny
> מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
> from before
> the crushing [?]
> פטם pṭm: crush, pound
> הפטם hpṭm
> פטם pṭm: stuff, fatten
> a fattened [animal],
> and move [him] away
> מ־ m-: of; סלק slq: go up, go away
> ומסלקין wmslqyn
> מ־ m-: of; סלק slq: go up, go away
> and move [it] away
> to the side
> ל־ l-: to; צד ṣd: side, border
> לצדדין lṣddyn
> ל־ l-: to; צד ṣd: side, border
> to the side
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> of [possible] harm.
> רעה rˁh: injury, harm
> הרעי hrˁy
> רעה rˁh: pasture, graze
> [the animal] is grazing.
> [these are] the words
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> [these are] the words
> of lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> of rabbi
> Dosa.
> דוסא dwsˀ: Dosa
> דוסא dwsˀ
> דוסא dwsˀ: Dosa
> Dosa.
> But the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> But the advisors
> prohibit [it].
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> אוסרין ˀwsryn
> אסר ˀsr: prohibit
> prohibit [it].

> Shabbat 20:4.a

#### Shabbat 20:4.a

> Encrypted: One may move away from before the human cattle this one leader, and put before the human cattle that one lookalike in war.

> Official: One may move away from before the cattle this one hay, and put it before the cattle that one on Sabbath.

> [One may] move [away]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נוטלין nwṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [One may] move [away]
> from before
> מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
> מלפני mlpny
> מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
> from before
> the [human] cattle
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> the cattle
> this one [leader],
> זו zw: this
> זו zw
> זו zw: this
> this one [hay?],
> and put
> נתן ntn: put, place
> ונותנין wnwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> and put [it]
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> the [human] cattle
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> the cattle
> that one [lookalike?]
> זו zw: this
> זו zw
> זו zw: this
> that one
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 20:4.a

### Battle-hardened fighters near death cannot be stirred into violence by just any assistant.

#### Shabbat 20:5.a

> Encrypted: As for battle hardened troops that are near death, one can not stir them up with a helper, but only stir them up with the actual leader himself.

> Official: As for straw that is on the top of a bed, one may not shake it with the hand, but only shake it with one’s body.

> [As for battle] hardened [troops]
> קשי qšy: harden, strong, tough
> הקש hqš
> קש qš: straw, stubble
> [As for] straw
> that [are]
> ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on
> שעל šˁl
> ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on
> that [is] on
> near
> גב gb: near, next to
> גבי gby
> גב gb: side, top
> the top
> death,
> מותה mwth: death
> המטה hmṭh
> מטה mṭh: couch, bed
> of a bed,
> [one can] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> stir [them] up
> נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
> ינענעו ynˁnˁw
> נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
> shake [it]
> with a helper [?],
> ב־ b-: with; אידא ˀydˀ: hand, help, aid
> בידו bydw
> ב־ b-: with; יד yd: hand
> with the hand,
> but only
> אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
> but only
> stir [them] up
> מ־ m-: of; נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
> מנענעו mnˁnˁw
> מ־ m-: of; נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
> shake [it]
> with [the actual leader] himself.
> ב־ b-: with; גופא gwpˀ: person, self, the very thing
> בגופו bgwpw
> ב־ b-: with; גוף gwp: body
> with [one’s] body.

> Shabbat 20:5.a

#### Shabbat 20:5.b

> Encrypted: Only if the helper is already well known to the human cattle, or there is on him a mark of recognition or a wrapper, one may stir them up with such a helper.

> Official: Only if the straw is food of cattle, or there is on it a bolster or a wrapper, one may shake it with the hand.

> [Only] if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> [Only] if
> [the helper?] is
> היה hyh: be
> היה hyh
> היה hyh: be
> [the straw] is
> [already well] known [to]
> מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: known, revealed
> מאכל mˀkl
> מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat, food
> food
> the [human] cattle,
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> of cattle,
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> [there] is
> ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
> שהיה šhyh
> ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
> [there] is
> on [him]
> על ˁl: on
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on
> on [it]
> a mark of recognition
> הכר hkr: recognition, mark, sign
> כר kr
> כר kr: saddle, bolster
> a bolster
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> a wrapper,
> סדון sdwn: linen wrap
> סדין sdyn
> סדון sdwn: linen wrap
> a wrapper,
> [one may] stir [them] up
> מ־ m-: of; נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
> מנענעו mnˁnˁw
> מ־ m-: of; נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
> [one may] shake [it]
> with [such] a helper.
> ב־ b-: with; אידא ˀydˀ: hand, help, aid
> בידו bydw
> ב־ b-: with; יד yd: hand
> with the hand.

> Shabbat 20:5.b

## Loosening oppression

### The local ruler may loosen his oppression in war, but not a conqueror.

#### Shabbat 20:5.c

> Encrypted: The oppression belonging to the lord of the land may be loosened, but not the oppression belonging to a conqueror, one should not create trouble with doing that.

> Official: A press belonging to an owner of a regular house may be loosened, but not a press belonging to a fuller, one should not labor with it.

> The oppression
> מ־ m-: of; כבש kbš: suppress, oppress, force, subdue
> מכבש mkbš
> מ־ m-: of; כבש kbš: press
> A press
> belonging to
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> belonging to
> the lord
> בעל bˁl: lord, master, rule
> בעלי bˁly
> בעל bˁl: owner
> an owner
> of the land
> ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
> בתים btym
> בית byt: house
> of a [regular] house
> [may] be loosened,
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, untie
> מתירין mtyryn
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, untie
> [may] be loosened,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> the oppression
> כבש kbš: suppress, oppress, force, subdue
> כובשין kwbšyn
> כבש kbš: press
> a press
> belonging to
> של šl: of, belonging to
> ושל wšl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> belonging to
> a conqueror,
> כבש kbš: besiege, conquer, conqueror
> כובסין kwbsyn
> כובס kwbs: washer, fuller
> a fuller,
> [one should] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one should] not
> [create] trouble
> יגע ygˁ: put to trouble
> יגע ygˁ
> יגע ygˁ: labor
> labor
> with [doing] that.
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it.

> Shabbat 20:5.c

#### Shabbat 20:5.d

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: If it is that the oppression was already loosened at the eve of war, one may also further loosen the restraint and even take it away.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: If it is that the press was already loosened at the eve of Sabbath, one may also further loosen the garments from the press and even take them away.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> [it] is [that]
> היה hyh: be
> היה hyh
> היה hyh: be
> [it] is [that]
> [the oppression was already?] loosened
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, untie
> מתר mtr
> מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, untie
> [the press was already?] loosened
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [one may also further?] loosen
> נתר ntr: loosen, untie
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: loosen, untie
> [one may also further?] loosen
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the restraint [??]
> כלי kly: enclose, to restrain
> כלו klw
> כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
> the garments [from the press?]
> and [even] take [it] away.
> שמט šmṭ: loosen, take away, get rid
> ושומטו wšwmṭw
> שמט šmṭ: loosen, take away, get rid
> and [even] take [them] away.

> Shabbat 20:5.d

### Compromised disguises may be removed together with clean ones in war.

#### Shabbat 21:1.a

> Encrypted: And may remove a man one of his men and a false surface in his power, even though this includes the false surface in the middle of usage. And one may remove a deception that has become compromised & unclean together with clean deceptions and also with perforated deceptions.

> Official: And may carry a man his son and a stone in his hand, even though this includes the stone in the middle. And one may move a gift-offering that has become unclean even together with clean produce or with profaned produce.

> [And may] remove
> נטל nṭl: remove
> נוטל nwṭl
> נטל nṭl: lift, move, carry
> [And may] carry
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> a man
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [one of his?] men
> בן bn: man, people
> בנו bnw
> בן bn: son
> his son
> and a [false] surface [??]
> אפין ˀpyn: front surface, characteristic
> והאבן whˀbn
> אבן ˀbn: stone
> and a stone
> in his power,
> ב־ b-: in; יד yd: power, control
> בידו bydw
> ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand
> in his hand,
> [even though this] includes
> כלל kll: include, combine
> וכלכלה wklklh
> כלל kll: include, combine
> [even though this] includes
> the [false] surface [??]
> אפין ˀpyn: front surface, characteristic
> והאבן whˀbn
> אבן ˀbn: stone
> the stone
> in the middle [of usage??].
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> בתוכה btwkh
> ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
> in the middle.
> [And one may] remove
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
> ומטלטלין wmṭlṭlyn
> מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
> [And one may] move
> a deception
> תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
> תרומה trwmh
> תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
> a gift-offering
> that [has become compromised &] unclean
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean, impure
> טמאה ṭmˀh
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean, impure
> that [has become] unclean
> [together] with
> עם ˁm: with
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> [even together] with
> clean [deceptions]
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> הטהורה hṭhwrh
> טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
> clean [produce]
> and [also] with
> עם ˁm: with
> ועם wˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> or with
> perforated [deceptions].
> חלין ḥlyn: secular; חלון ḥlwn: perforation; חולן ḥwln: crack
> החלין hḥlyn
> חלין ḥlyn: profane
> profaned [produce].

> Shabbat 21:1.a

#### Shabbat 21:1.b

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: One may even lift it up in a mixture in a ratio of one to a hundred.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: One may even lift it up in a mixture in a ratio of one to a hundred.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> [One may] even
> אף ˀp: even
> אף ˀp
> אף ˀp: even
> [One may] even
> lift [it] up
> מ־ m-: of; עלי ˁly: obtain, achieve
> מעלין mˁlyn
> מ־ m-: of; עלי ˁly: lifted up
> lift [it] up
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [in] a mixture [??]
> מ־ m-: of; דמע dmˁ: mixed
> המדמע hmdmˁ
> מ־ m-: of; דמע dmˁ: mixed
> [in] a mixture [??]
> in [a ratio of??] one
> ב־ b-: with; אחד ˀḥd: one
> באחד bˀḥd
> ב־ b-: in; אחד ˀḥd: one
> in [a ratio of??] one
> [to] a hundred [??].
> מאה mˀh: hundred
> ומאה wmˀh
> מאה mˀh: hundred
> [to] a hundred [??].

> Shabbat 21:1.b

## Sabotaging one’s defending troops

### For predetermined failure of defense, rulers may over-extend their defenders.

#### Shabbat 21:2.a

> Encrypted: As for poor people that are placed over the defensive front of an attack with agreed-upon success, one may over-extend the defenders to the side so that they will fall by themselves.

> Official: As for a stone that is placed over the mouth of a barrel, one may extend the barrel to the side so that it will fall by itself.

> [As for] poor [people?]
> אביון ˀbywn: needy, poor, distressed
> האבן hˀbn
> אבן ˀbn: stone
> [As for] a stone
> that [are placed] over
> ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on, over
> שעל šˁl
> ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on, over
> that [is placed] over
> the [defensive] front
> אפא ˀpˀ: face, front
> פי py
> פי py: mouth
> the mouth
> of an attack [with agreed-upon success?],
> חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
> החבית hḥbyt
> חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
> of a barrel,
> [one may over-]extend [the defenders??]
> מ־ m-: of; נטה nṭh: stretch, extend
> מטה mṭh
> מ־ m-: of; נטה nṭh: stretch, extend
> [one may] extend [the barrel]
> to
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> to
> the side
> צד ṣd: side
> צדה ṣdh
> צד ṣd: side
> the side
> [so that] they
> היא hyˀ: he, it
> והיא whyˀ
> היא hyˀ: he, it
> [so that] it
> will fall [by themselves].
> נפל npl: fall
> נופלת nwplt
> נפל npl: fall
> will fall [by itself].

> Shabbat 21:2.a

#### Shabbat 21:2.b

> Encrypted: If the attack is between other attacks, one may first lift the other attacks and then over-extend the defenders to the side so that they will fall.

> Official: If the barrel is between other barrels, one may first lift it and then extend it to the side so that it will fall.

> [If the attack] is
> היה hyh: be
> היתה hyth
> היה hyh: be
> [If the barrel] is
> between
> בין byn: between, among
> בין byn
> בין byn: between, among
> between
> [other] attacks,
> חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
> החביות hḥbywt
> חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
> [other] barrels,
> [one may first] lift [the other attacks??]
> מ־ m-: of; גבה gbh: raise, lift
> מגביה mgbyh
> מ־ m-: of; גבה gbh: raise, lift
> [one may first] lift [it]
> and then [over-]extend [the defenders??]
> מ־ m-: of; נטה nṭh: stretch, extend
> ומטה wmṭh
> מ־ m-: of; נטה nṭh: stretch, extend
> and then extend [it]
> to
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> to
> the side
> צד ṣd: side
> צדה ṣdh
> צד ṣd: side
> the side
> [so that] they
> היא hyˀ: he, it
> והיא whyˀ
> היא hyˀ: he, it
> [so that] it
> will fall.
> נפל npl: fall
> נופלת nwplt
> נפל npl: fall
> will fall.

> Shabbat 21:2.b

### Defenders on fortifications can be sabotaged by destroying those.

#### Shabbat 21:2.c

> Encrypted: As for little people that are placed on fortifications, one may shake the fortifications so that they will fall by themselves.

> Official: As for small coins that are placed on a bolster, one may shake the bolster so that they will fall by themselves.

> [As for] little [people?]
> מעט mˁṭ: small, little
> מעות mˁwt
> מעות mˁwt: small change, money
> [As for] small coins
> that [are placed] on
> ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on, over
> שעל šˁl
> ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on, over
> that [are placed] on
> fortifications,
> כרך krk: city wall, fortify, fortification
> הכר hkr
> כר kr: saddle, bolster
> a bolster,
> [one may] shake
> נער nˁr: shake, shake off, empty
> נוער nwˁr
> נער nˁr: shake, shake off, empty
> [one may] shake
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the fortifications
> כרך krk: city wall, fortify, fortification
> הכר hkr
> כר kr: saddle, bolster
> the bolster
> [so that] they
> הן hn: they
> והן whn
> הן hn: they
> [so that] they
> will fall [by themselves].
> נפל npl: fall
> נופלות nwplwt
> נפל npl: fall
> will fall [by themselves].

> Shabbat 21:2.c

#### Shabbat 21:2.d

> Encrypted: If there are on them persistent ones who won’t yield, one may wipe them out by pulling the whole thing apart. And if the defenders are of the watchful kind, one may simply pour on them attacking people until the defense is ended.

> Official: If there is on them chicken dirt, one may wipe them with a rag. And if the bolster is of leather, one may simply pour on it water until the contamination is ended.

> [If there] are
> היה hyh: be
> היתה hyth
> היה hyh: be
> [If there] is
> on them
> על ˁl: on, over
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, over
> on them
> persistent [ones who won’t yield?],
> לזז lzz: trouble, annoy, tiresome, persist; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> לשלשת lšlšt
> לשלשת lšlšt: secretion, chicken dirt
> chicken dirt,
> [one may] wipe [them out]
> מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off
> מקנחה mqnḥh
> מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off
> [one may] wipe [them]
> [by] pulling [the whole thing?] apart [?].
> ב־ b-: with; ש־ š-: make; מרטט mrṭṭ: pull to pieces, torn to pieces
> בסמרטוט bsmrṭwṭ
> ב־ b-: with; סמרטוט smrṭwṭ: rag; מרטוט mrṭwṭ: coarse garment
> with a rag.
> [And if the defenders??] are
> היה hyh: be
> היתה hyth
> היה hyh: be
> [And if the bolster] is
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> the watchful [kind?],
> עור ˁwr: watch, wake, stir up
> עור ˁwr
> עור ˁwr: skin, leather
> leather,
> [one may simply] pour
> נתן ntn: put, place, pour
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place, pour
> [one may simply] pour
> on them
> על ˁl: on, over
> עליה ˁlyh
> על ˁl: on, over
> on it
> [attacking?] people
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water
> until
> עד ˁd: until
> עד ˁd
> עד ˁd: until
> until
> [the defense?] is ended.
> ש־ š-: that; תכלה tklh: limit, end
> שתכלה štklh
> ש־ š-: that; תכלה tklh: limit, end
> [the contamination?] is ended.

> Shabbat 21:2.d

### Fortifications can be sabotaged by removing armor & planking.

#### Shabbat 21:3.a

> Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: One may gather away from the fortification plating all the strong material and the armour.

> Official: The school of Shammai say: One may gather from the table bones and peels left from a meal.

> The school
> בית byt: house, school
> בית byt
> בית byt: house, school
> The school
> of Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> שמאי šmˀy
> שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
> of Shammai
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One may] gather [away?]
> מ־ m-: of; גבי gby: collect, chosen; גבב gbb: gather
> מגביהין mgbyhyn
> מ־ m-: of; גבי gby: collect, chosen; גבב gbb: gather
> [One may] gather
> from
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> the [fortification?] plating
> שולחן šwlḥn: plate
> השלחן hšlḥn
> שלחן šlḥn: board, table
> the table
> [all] the strong [material?]
> עצם ˁṣm: strong, powerful, force
> עצמות ˁṣmwt
> עצם ˁṣm: bone
> bones
> and the armour.
> קלפא qlpˀ: armour, small metal plate
> וקלפין wqlpyn
> קלפה qlph: peel, shell
> and peels [left from a meal].

> Shabbat 21:3.a

#### Shabbat 21:3.b

> Encrypted: And the school of Hillel say: One may even take away the defensive planks entirely to shake off the defenders.

> Official: And the school of Hillel say: One may even move the table entirely to shake the crumbs off.

> And the school
> בית byt: house, school
> ובית wbyt
> בית byt: house, school
> And the school
> of Hillel
> הלל hll: Hillel
> הלל hll
> הלל hll: Hillel
> of Hillel
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> [One may even] take away
> נטל nṭl: taken away
> נוטל nwṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [One may even] move
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the [defensive?] planks
> טבלא ṭblˀ: tabula, board, plank, table
> הטבלה hṭblh
> טבלא ṭblˀ: tabula, board, plank, table
> the table
> entirely
> כל kl: all, entirely
> כלה klh
> כל kl: all, entirely
> entirely
> to shake off [the defenders??].
> מ־ m-: of; נער nˁr: shake, shake off, empty
> ומנערה wmnˁrh
> מ־ m-: of; נער nˁr: shake, shake off, empty
> to shake [the crumbs off].

> Shabbat 21:3.b

#### Shabbat 21:3.b

> Encrypted: One may allow to run away from the fortification plating any fleeing defenders even if they are less in rank than a nobleman, and the remains of of the poor people and the remains of the crushed people, because it is all to be revealed to the human cattle to prove the war is real.

> Official: One may remove from the table the crumbs left from a meal, if they are less in size than an olive, and the pods of beans, and the pods of lentils, because it is food for the cattle.

> [One may allow to] run away
> מ־ m-: of; עבר ˁbr: run over, go away
> מעבירין mˁbyryn
> מ־ m-: of; עבר ˁbr: cross, remove
> [One may] remove
> from
> מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
> מלפני mlpny
> מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
> from
> the [fortification?] plating
> שולחן šwlḥn: plate
> השלחן hšlḥn
> שלחן šlḥn: board, table
> the table
> [any] fleeing [defenders??]
> פרר prr: flee, put to flight
> פרורין prwryn
> פרר prr: crumb, crumble
> the crumbs [left from a meal],
> [even if?] they are less [in rank]
> פחות pḥwt: inferior
> פחות pḥwt
> פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
> [if] they are less [in size]
> than a nobleman,
> מ־ m-: than; כ־ k-: as, like; זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility
> מכזית mkzyt
> מ־ m-: than; כ־ k-: as, like; זית zyt: olive
> than an olive,
> and the remains
> שאר šˀr: left behind, remain
> ושער wšˁr
> שער šˁr: stem and pod
> and the pods
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> of the poor [people?]
> אביון ˀbywn: needy, poor, distressed
> אפונין ˀpwnyn
> אפון ˀpwn: bean
> beans,
> and the remains
> שאר šˀr: left behind, remain
> ושער wšˁr
> שער šˁr: stem and pod
> and the pods
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> the crushed [people?],
> דוש dwš: crush, trample
> עדשים ˁdšym
> עדשה ˁdšh: lentil
> lentils,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> it [is all]
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> it [is]
> to be revealed
> מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal
> מאכל mˀkl
> מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat, food
> food
> [to] the [human] cattle [to prove the war is real].
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> [for] the cattle.

> Shabbat 21:3.b

### One can sabotage one’s defenders by cutting support structures for platforms.

#### Shabbat 21:3.c

> Encrypted: As for an overhanging framework, if there is to it a breakable structure for holding it, one may wipe off everyone with destroying it. If not, one may not wipe off everyone with it.

> Official: As for a sponge, if there is to it a leathery structure for holding it, one may wipe the table with it. If not, one may not wipe the table with it.

> [As for] an overhanging [framework???],
> שקף šqp: overhang, framework
> ספוג spwg
> ספוג spwg: sponge
> [As for] a sponge,
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> there is
> יש yš: there is
> יש yš
> יש yš: there is
> there is
> to it
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to it
> a breakable [??]
> אור ˀwr: perforate, break through
> עור ˁwr
> עור ˁwr: skin, leather
> a leathery
> structure
> בית byt: structure
> בית byt
> בית byt: structure
> structure
> [for] holding [it],
> אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
> אחיזה ˀḥyzh
> אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
> [for] holding [it],
> [one may] wipe off [everyone]
> מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off, cleanse
> מקנחין mqnḥyn
> מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off, cleanse
> [one may] wipe [the table]
> with [destroying] it.
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it.
> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> not,
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> לאו lˀw
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> not,
> [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [one may] not
> wipe off [everyone]
> מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off
> מקנחין mqnḥyn
> מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off
> wipe [the table]
> with it.
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
> with it.

> Shabbat 21:3.c

#### Shabbat 21:3.d

> Encrypted: And the advisors say: Whether like this or like that, one may remove it in war, and does not receive uncleanness by that.

> Official: And the advisors say: Whether like this or like that, one may move it on Sabbath, and does not receive uncleanness by that.

> And the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> say:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומרים ˀwmrym
> אמר ˀmr: say
> say:
> Whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> Whether
> like this
> כך kk: so, thus
> כך kk
> כך kk: so, thus
> like this
> or
> בין byn: whether
> ובין wbyn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> like that,
> כך kk: so, thus
> כך kk
> כך kk: so, thus
> like that,
> [one may] remove [it]
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטל nṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [one may] move [it]
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> and [does] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואינו wˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [does] not
> receive
> מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
> מקבל mqbl
> מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
> receive
> uncleanness [by that].
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean, forbidden
> טמאה ṭmˀh
> טמא ṭmˀ: unclean, forbidden
> uncleanness [by that].

> Shabbat 21:3.d

## Rescuing agents

### One may rescue agents from actual war if it doesn’t expose any secrets.

#### Shabbat 22:1.a

> Encrypted: As for an attack that is for actual destruction, one may rescue safely from the supporters the agent assistants, and even say to others: Come, and rescue supporters by yourselves! This is on the condition that this does not spill the secrets.

> Official: As for a barrel that breaks on Sabbath, one may rescue safely food for three meals, and even say to others: Come, and rescue my things by yourselves! This is on the condition that one does not absorb liquids with a sponge.

> [As for] an attack
> חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
> חבית ḥbyt
> חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
> [As for] a barrel
> that [is for actual] destruction,
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שבר šbr: crush, break, destroy
> שנשברה šnšbrh
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שבר šbr: crush, break, destroy
> that breaks [on Sabbath],
> [one may] rescue
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> מצילין mṣylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> [one may] rescue
> safely
> הימן hymn: reliable, trust
> הימנה hymnh
> הימן hymn: reliable, trust
> safely [??]
> from the supporters
> מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
> מזון mzwn
> מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
> food
> the agent
> שלש šlš: leader, officer; שליש šlyš: agent
> שלש šlš
> שלש šlš: three
> [for] three
> assistants,
> סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
> סעדות sˁdwt
> סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
> meals,
> and [even] say
> אמר ˀmr: say
> ואומר wˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> and [even] say
> to others:
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
> לאחרים lˀḥrym
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
> to others:
> Come,
> בוא bwˀ: come, go in
> באו bˀw
> בוא bwˀ: come, go in
> Come,
> and rescue [supporters]
> נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> והצילו whṣylw
> נצל nṣl: save, rescue
> and rescue [my things]
> by yourselves!
> ל־ l-: for, by; ־כם -km: you
> לכם lkm
> ל־ l-: for, by; ־כם -km: you
> by yourselves!
> [This is] on the condition that
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> [This is] on the condition that
> [this does?] not
> ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
> [one does] not
> spill [the secrets?].
> שפך špk: pour out, spill
> יספג yspg
> ספג spg: absorb, suck up
> absorb [liquids with a sponge].

> Shabbat 22:1.a

### One may not acknowledge & rescue agents who pop up during killings.

#### Shabbat 22:1.b

> Encrypted: One may not start to slaughter the servants just to bring out from them the covered agents, as others would see it. And even if they come out by themselves, it is forbidden to acknowledge & rescue them.

> Official: One may not squeeze fruit to bring out from them the liquid. And even if it comes out by itself, it is forbidden to use it.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> [start to] slaughter
> שחט šḥṭ: slaughter
> סוחטין swḥṭyn
> סחט sḥṭ: squeeze, press out
> squeeze
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the servants
> פאריט pˀryṭ: servant; אפריט ˀpryṭ: servant
> הפרות hprwt
> פרי / פרת pry / prt: fruit, produce
> fruit
> [just] to bring out
> ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
> להוציא lhwṣyˀ
> ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
> to bring out
> from them
> מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
> מהן mhn
> מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
> from them
> the covered [agents, as others would see it].
> מסכה mskh: covering; מסך msk: camouflage
> משקין mšqyn
> משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
> the liquid.
> And [even] if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And [even] if
> [they] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
> יצאו yṣˀw
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
> [it] comes out
> by themselves,
> מ־ m-: of, by; עצם ˁṣm: self
> מעצמן mˁṣmn
> מ־ m-: of, by; עצם ˁṣm: self
> by itself,
> [it] is forbidden [to acknowledge & rescue them].
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> אסורין ˀswryn
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> [it] is forbidden [to use it].

> Shabbat 22:1.b

#### Shabbat 22:1.c

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: If the slaughterings are for actual destruction, then whatever agent comes out from them is permitted to rescue, but if they were just for a cover, then whatever agent comes out from them is forbidden to acknowledge.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: If the fruit were actually for eating, then whatever liquid comes out from them is permitted to drink, but if they were for drinking, then whatever liquid comes out from them is forbidden to drink.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> If [the slaughterings are]
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If [the fruit were actually]
> for [actual] destruction,
> ל־ l-: for; אכל ˀkl: destroy, destruction
> לאכלין lˀklyn
> ל־ l-: for; אכל ˀkl: eat
> for eating,
> [then whatever agent] comes out
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
> היוצא hywṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
> [then whatever liquid] comes out
> from them
> מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
> מהן mhn
> מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
> from them
> is permitted [to rescue],
> נתר ntr: free, permit
> מתר mtr
> נתר ntr: free, permit
> is permitted [to drink],
> but if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> but if
> [they were just] for a cover,
> ל־ l-: for; מסכה mskh: covering; מסך msk: screen, curtain
> למשקין lmšqyn
> ל־ l-: for; משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
> [they were] for drinking,
> [then whatever agent] comes out
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
> היוצא hywṣˀ
> יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
> [then whatever liquid] comes out
> from them
> מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
> מהן mhn
> מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
> from them
> is forbidden [to acknowledge].
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> אסור ˀswr
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> is forbidden [to drink].

> Shabbat 22:1.c

#### Shabbat 22:1.d

> Encrypted: As for the rescuing of refugee agents that are already about to be crushed at the eve of war, even if they come out by themselves, it is forbidden to rescue them. But lord Eliezer permits it.

> Official: As for combs of honey that are broken up at the eve of Sabbath, even if the honey comes out by itself, it is forbidden to eat it. But rabbi Eliezer permits it.

> [As for] the rescuing [???]
> חלע ḥlˁ: withdraw, rescue, deliver
> חלות ḥlwt
> חלה ḥlh: cake, honey-combs
> [As for] combs
> of refugee [agents???]
> טפס ṭps: take refuge
> דבש dbš
> דבש dbš: honey
> of honey
> that are [already about] to be crushed
> ש־ š-: that; רסק rsq: crush, break into pieces
> שרסקן šrsqn
> ש־ š-: that; רסק rsq: crush, break into pieces
> that are broken [up]
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [even if they?] come out
> יצא yṣˀ: come out
> ויצאו wyṣˀw
> יצא yṣˀ: come out
> [even if the honey?] comes out
> by themselves,
> מ־ m-: of, by; עצם ˁṣm: self
> מעצמן mˁṣmn
> מ־ m-: of, by; עצם ˁṣm: self
> by itself,
> it is forbidden [to rescue them???].
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> אסורין ˀswryn
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> it is forbidden [to eat it].
> But lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> ורבי wrby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> But rabbi
> Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
> אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
> Eliezer
> permits [it].
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permits [it].

> Shabbat 22:1.d

## Mixing actual warriors with deception

### Hardened warriors with any honor left cannot be used as agents in manufactured wars.

#### Shabbat 22:2.a

> Encrypted: All spies that were already inserted into the multitudes at the eve of war, one may immerse them into the multitudes also in war. And all spies which have not been inserted into the multitudes at the eve of war, one may still thrust them into the multitudes in war.

> Official: All food items that were already inserted into hot water at the eve of Sabbath, one may soak them in hot water also on the Sabbath. And all food items which have not been inserted in hot water at the eve of Sabbath, one may rinse them in hot water on Sabbath.

> All [spies?]
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> All [food items?]
> that were [already] inserted
> ש־ š-: that; בוא bwˀ: go in, insert
> שבא šbˀ
> ש־ š-: that; בוא bwˀ: go in, insert
> that were [already] inserted
> into the multitudes
> ב־ b-: in; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, people, population
> בחמין bḥmyn
> ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: warm, hot; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> into hot [water]
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [one may] immerse
> שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
> שורין šwryn
> שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
> [one may] soak
> them
> אות ˀwt: this one
> אותו ˀwtw
> אות ˀwt: this one
> them
> into the multitudes
> ב־ b-: in; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd
> בחמין bḥmyn
> ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: warm, hot; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> in hot [water]
> [also] in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> [also] on the Sabbath.
> And all [spies?]
> כל kl: all
> וכל wkl
> כל kl: all
> And all [food items?]
> which [have] not
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
> which [have] not
> been inserted
> בוא bwˀ: go in, insert
> בא bˀ
> בוא bwˀ: go in, insert
> been inserted
> into the multitudes
> ב־ b-: in; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd
> בחמין bḥmyn
> ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: warm, hot; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> in hot [water]
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [one may still] thrust [?]
> דחא dḥˀ: move, push, thrust
> מדיחין mdyḥyn
> דוח dwḥ: rinse, cleanse
> [one may] rinse
> them
> אות ˀwt: this one
> אותו ˀwtw
> אות ˀwt: this one
> them
> into the multitudes
> ב־ b-: in; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd
> בחמין bḥmyn
> ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: warm, hot; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> in hot [water]
> in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 22:2.a

#### Shabbat 22:2.b

> Encrypted: Except of a warrior hardened of common birth, and a warrior of the masses, and a soldier with too much honor, because thrusting this kind into a fake war, he would be destroying the mockery.

> Official: Except of salted old fish, and salted small fish, and the scomber fish of Hispania, because just rinsing this kind into hot water, it would be completing a work.

> Except
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> חוץ ḥwṣ
> חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
> Except
> of
> מן mn: of
> מן mn
> מן mn: of
> of
> a warrior
> לחם lḥm: fight, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
> המליח hmlyḥ
> מלח mlḥ: salt
> salted
> hardened
> ישן yšn: strong, hard
> הישן hyšn
> ישן yšn: old
> old
> of common [birth],
> דגוא dgwˀ: common
> ודגים wdgym
> דג dg: fish
> fish,
> and a warrior
> לחם lḥm: fight, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
> מלוחים mlwḥym
> מלח mlḥ: salt
> and salted
> of the masses,
> קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> קטנים qṭnym
> קטן qṭn: small
> small [fish],
> and a soldier
> אכלוס ˀklws: crowd, population, soldiers, troops
> וקוליס wqwlys
> קוליס qwlys: colias, scomber
> and the scomber [fish]
> [with too much?] honor [??],
> ספן spn: value, respect, honor
> האספנין hˀspnyn
> אספניא ˀspnyˀ: Hispania, Spain
> of Hispania [???],
> because thrusting
> ש־ š-: for; דחא dḥˀ: move, push, thrust
> שהדחתן šhdḥtn
> ש־ š-: for; דוח dwḥ: rinse, cleanse
> because [just] rinsing
> this [kind into a fake war??],
> זו zw: this
> זו zw
> זו zw: this
> this [kind into hot water?],
> he
> היא hyˀ: he, it
> היא hyˀ
> היא hyˀ: he, it
> it
> [would be] destroying
> גמר gmr: finish, end, destroy
> גמר gmr
> גמר gmr: complete
> [would be] completing
> the mockery.
> מ־ m-: of; לעג lˁg: mockery
> מלאכתן mlˀktn
> מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business, task
> a work.

> Shabbat 22:2.b

### If mock attacks are stopped for safety, the troops still mustn’t know it’s all mockery.

#### Shabbat 22:3.a

> Encrypted: Also may break off a person an attack in order to reveal safely his nobility, only on the condition that he did not plan to make an actual destructive one. And one may not indicate this reason to the main body of troops of the attack. These are the words of lord Yehudah.

> Official: Also may break a person a barrel in order to eat safely of dried figs, only on the condition that he does not plan to make a vessel from the broken parts. And one may not perforate the body of the barrel. These are the words of rabbi Yehudah.

> [Also may] break off
> סבר sbr: expect, think to be true, appearance
> שובר šwbr
> שבר šbr: break, destroy
> [Also may] break
> a person
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> a person
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> an attack
> חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
> החבית hḥbyt
> חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
> a barrel
> [in order] to reveal
> ל־ l-: to; גלא glˀ: reveal, show, present
> לאכל lˀkl
> ל־ l-: to; אכל ˀkl: eat
> [in order] to eat
> safely
> הימן hymn: reliable, trust
> הימנה hymnh
> הימן hymn: reliable, trust
> safely [??]
> [his] nobility,
> גרגרא grgrˀ: nobility, aristocracy; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> גרוגרות grwgrwt
> גרוגרת grwgrt: dried fig
> of dried figs,
> only on the condition
> בלבד blbd: only, on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: only, on the condition that
> only on the condition
> that [he did] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> that [he does] not
> plan
> תכן tkn: estimate, planned
> יתכון ytkwn
> תכן tkn: estimate, planned
> plan
> to make
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> to make
> [an actual?] destructive one.
> כלי kly: destroy; כליה klyh: destruction, annihilation
> כלי kly
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> a vessel [from the broken parts???].
> And [one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> And [one may] not
> indicate [this reason to?]
> נקב nqb: mark, indicate, specify
> נוקבים nwqbym
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
> perforate
> the main body [of troops?]
> מ־ m-: of; גוף gwp: body, main structure
> מגופה mgwph
> מ־ m-: of; גוף gwp: body, main structure
> the body
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> the attack.
> חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
> חבית ḥbyt
> חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
> the barrel.
> [These are] the words
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> דברי dbry
> דבר dbr: word, speech
> [These are] the words
> of lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> of rabbi
> Yehudah.
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah.

> Shabbat 22:3.a

#### Shabbat 22:3.b

> Encrypted: And the advisors permit it, but still say one may not indicate the mockery of it all. And if it is already indicated, one may not place oneself into that army any more, because they will likely become disobedient & rebellious after knowing it.

> Official: And the advisors permit it, but still say one may not perforate the side of the barrel. And if it is already perforated, one may not place on the same barrel wax, because that counts as smoothening which counts as work.

> And the advisors
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> וחכמים wḥkmym
> חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
> And the advisors
> permit [it],
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתירין mtyryn
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permit [it],
> but [still say one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> but [still say one may] not
> indicate
> נקב nqb: mark, indicate, specify
> יקבנה yqbnh
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
> perforate
> the mockery [of it all].
> מ־ m-: of; צדי ṣdy: play, mock
> מצדה mṣdh
> מ־ m-: of; צד ṣd: side
> the side [of the barrel].
> And if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And if
> [it] is
> היה hyh: be
> היתה hyth
> היה hyh: be
> [it] is
> [already] indicated,
> נקב nqb: mark, indicate, specify
> נקובה nqwbh
> נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
> [already] perforated,
> [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> place [oneself]
> נתן ntn: put, place
> יתן ytn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> place
> into
> על ˁl: into
> עליה ˁlyh
> על ˁl: on
> on [the same barrel?]
> [that] army [any more],
> סיעה syˁh: crowd, group, army, military division; שוע šwˁ: smooth, soft
> שעוה šˁwh
> שעוה šˁwh: wax, gum
> wax,
> because
> מפני mpny: because of
> מפני mpny
> מפני mpny: because of
> because
> they
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> שהוא šhwˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
> that
> [will likely become] disobedient & rebellious [after knowing it].
> מ־ m-: of; מרה mrh: rebellious, disobedient
> ממרח mmrḥ
> מ־ m-: of; מרח mrḥ: rub, smear, smooth
> [counts as] smoothening [which counts as work].

> Shabbat 22:3.b

#### Shabbat 22:3.c

> Encrypted: Says lord Yehudah: A person committing such an act came before lord Yohanan ben Zakkai in Arav, and he said: I fear for him that he is guilty of a mistake.

> Official: Says rabbi Yehudah: A person committing such an act came before rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai in Arav, and he said: I fear for him that he has to make a sin-offering.

> Says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> Says
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Yehudah:
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah:
> [A person committing such] an act
> מ־ m-: of; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> מעשה mˁšh
> מ־ m-: of; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [A person committing such] an act
> came
> בוא bwˀ: come
> בא bˀ
> בוא bwˀ: come
> came
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> lord
> רבן rbn: lord
> רבן rbn
> רבן rbn: rabban
> rabban
> Yohanan ben Zakkai
> יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy: Yohanan ben Zakkai
> יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy
> יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy: Yohanan ben Zakkai
> Yohanan ben Zakkai
> in Arav,
> ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: Arav
> בערב bˁrb
> ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: Arav
> in Arav,
> and he said:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> ואמר wˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> and he said:
> [I] fear
> חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
> חוששני ḥwššny
> חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
> [I] fear
> for him
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> for him
> [that he is guilty of] a mistake.
> מ־ m-: of; חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
> מחטאת mḥṭˀt
> מ־ m-: of; חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
> [that he has to make] a sin-offering.

> Shabbat 22:3.c

## Spying among dangerous crowds

### Agents may be placed even into harmful & angry crowds.

#### Shabbat 22:4.a

> Encrypted: One may place a pretender into the middle of people for him to watch them, and also one who is like the people on the surface into harmful people for him to cool them down, and also a secret guard into angry people for him to confound them.

> Official: One may place cooked food into the middle of a pit for it to keep the heat, and also water drinkable by mouth into bad water for it to cool down, and also cold water into hot water for it to get hot.

> [One may] place
> נתן ntn: put, place
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> [One may] place
> a pretender
> ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
> תבשיל tbšyl
> ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
> cooked [food]
> into the middle
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> לתוך ltwk
> ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
> into the middle
> of people
> בריה bryh: people; אבר ˀbr: corps
> הבור hbwr
> בור bwr: pit, cistern
> of a pit
> for
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for
> him
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> שיהא šyhˀ
> ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it
> to watch [them],
> שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
> שמור šmwr
> שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
> to keep [the heat],
> and also
> את ˀt: to
> ואת wˀt
> את ˀt: to
> and also
> [one who is like?] the people
> עמים ˁmym: people
> המים hmym
> מים mym: water
> water
> [on] the surface
> פום pwm: surface; אפים ˀpym: face
> היפים hypym
> פום pwm: mouth
> [drinkable by] mouth
> into harmful [people]
> ב־ b-: in; רע rˁ: bad, worthless, harm
> ברעים brˁym
> ב־ b-: in; רע rˁ: bad, worthless, harm
> into bad [water]
> for
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for
> [him to] cool [them] down,
> ש־ š-: that; צנן ṣnn: cold, cool down
> שיצנו šyṣnw
> ש־ š-: that; צנן ṣnn: cold, cool down
> [it to] cool down,
> and also
> את ˀt: to
> ואת wˀt
> את ˀt: to
> and also
> a secret [guard??]
> צנע ṣnˁ: secret, guile, guard, restrain
> הצונן hṣwnn
> צנן ṣnn: cold, cool down
> cold [water]
> into angry [people]
> ב־ b-: in; חום ḥwm: heat, anger
> בחמה bḥmh
> ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: hot, warm
> into hot [water]
> for
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for
> [him to] confound [them?].
> ש־ š-: that; המם hmm: stir up, confound
> שיחמו šyḥmw
> ש־ š-: that; חם ḥm: hot, warm
> [it to get] hot.

> Shabbat 22:4.a

### When disguises are accidentally dropped, agents may just walk along with the crowd.

#### Shabbat 22:4.b

> Encrypted: And someone who dropped his dress-up disguises while on the road among the people, he may just continue to walk with them, and need not fear to break any rules.

> Official: And someone who dropped his dresses on the road into the water, he may just continue to walk with them, and need not fear to break any rules.

> [And] someone
> מי my: someone
> מי my
> מי my: someone
> [And] someone
> who dropped
> ש־ š-: who; נשר nšr: drop, fall off
> שנשרו šnšrw
> ש־ š-: who; נשר nšr: drop, fall off
> who dropped
> his dress-up [disguises?]
> כלי kly: dress, garment
> כליו klyw
> כלי kly: dress, garment
> his dresses
> [while] on the road
> ב־ b-: on; דרך drk: road, way
> בדרך bdrk
> ב־ b-: on; דרך drk: road, way
> on the road
> among the people,
> ב־ b-: among; עמים ˁmym: people
> במים bmym
> ב־ b-: in; מים mym: water
> into the water,
> [he may just continue] to walk
> מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: walk
> מהלך mhlk
> מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: walk
> [he may just continue] to walk
> with them,
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them,
> and [need] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואינו wˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and [need] not
> fear [to break any rules].
> חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
> חושש ḥwšš
> חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
> fear [to break any rules].

> Shabbat 22:4.b

#### Shabbat 22:4.c

> Encrypted: As soon as he reaches of his private property the outer part, he may again plaster himself up with them, but not as he is facing any crowds as they’d know his disguise.

> Official: As soon as he reaches of his private property the outer part, he may spread them out in the hot sun, but not as he is facing any crowds as they’d suspect him breaking Sabbath law.

> [As soon as] he reaches
> נגע ngˁ: reach, arrive
> הגיע hgyˁ
> נגע ngˁ: reach, arrive
> [As soon as] he reaches
> of his private property
> ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> לחצר lḥṣr
> ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> of his private property
> the outer [part],
> חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
> החיצונה hḥyṣwnh
> חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
> the outer [part],
> [he may again] plaster [himself up]
> ש־ š-: make; טוח ṭwḥ: plaster, coat
> שוטחן šwṭḥn
> ש־ š-: make; טוח ṭwḥ: spread over
> [he may] spread [them out]
> with them,
> ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
> בחמה bḥmh
> ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: hot, heat
> in the hot [sun],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> as he is facing
> כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: opposite, facing, towards
> כנגד kngd
> כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: opposite, facing, towards
> as he is facing
> [any] crowds [as they’d know his disguise].
> עם ˁm: crowd, people
> העם hˁm
> עם ˁm: crowd, people
> [any] crowds [as they’d suspect him breaking Sabbath law].

> Shabbat 22:4.c

### Agents may mingle with angry people, but must outnumber them to exert control.

#### Shabbat 22:5.a

> Encrypted: One may safely be among people that have been provoked or among people that are angry and entangle with them, even with tens of workers, but one may not try to bring them into one’s control.

> Official: One may bathe in the water of a cave or in the water of Tiberias and wipe oneself dry, even with ten towels, but one may not carry them in one’s hand.

> [One may] safely [be]
> רחץ rḥṣ: trust, rely, safe
> הרוחץ hrwḥṣ
> רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
> [One may] bathe
> among people
> ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
> במי bmy
> ב־ b-: in; מי my: water
> in the water
> that have been provoked
> מרי mry: provoke, quarrel, get angry
> מערה mˁrh
> מערה mˁrh: cave
> of a cave
> or among people
> ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
> ובמי wbmy
> ב־ b-: in; מי my: water
> or in the water
> that are angry
> עבר / התעבר ˁbr / htˁbr: angry, violate
> טבריא ṭbryˀ
> טבריא ṭbryˀ: Tiberias
> of Tiberias [??]
> and entangle [with them??],
> נ־ n-: make; סבך sbk: interweave, entangle
> ונסתפג wnstpg
> נ־ n-: make; ספג spg: absorb, drying, wiping
> and wipe [oneself] dry,
> even
> אפלו ˀplw: even
> אפלו ˀplw
> אפלו ˀplw: even
> even
> with tens
> ב־ b-: with; עשר ˁšr: ten
> בעשר bˁšr
> ב־ b-: with; עשר ˁšr: ten
> with ten
> of workers [???],
> ליענות lyˁnwt: work
> אלונטיאות ˀlwnṭyˀwt
> אלונטית ˀlwnṭyt: linteum, wrapping cloth, towel
> towels,
> [but one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [but one may] not
> [try to] bring them
> בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry; ־ם -m: them
> יביאם ybyˀm
> בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry; ־ם -m: them
> carry them
> into [one’s] control.
> ב־ b-: into; יד yd: power, control
> בידו bydw
> ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand
> in [one’s] hand.

> Shabbat 22:5.a

#### Shabbat 22:5.b

> Encrypted: But if ten sons of disguise entangle with a worker just one, using their fronts, their information and their spycraft, they may well bring him into their control.

> Official: But if ten sons of man wipe themselves dry with a towel just one, their faces, their hands and their feet, they may even carry it in the hand.

> But [if]
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> But [if]
> ten
> עשר ˁšr: ten
> עשרה ˁšrh
> עשר ˁšr: ten
> ten
> sons
> בן bn: son, man
> בני bny
> בן bn: son, man
> sons
> of disguise [???]
> דמא dmˀ: be like, resemble, appear in disguise
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> of man
> entangle
> נ־ n-: make; סבך sbk: interweave, entangle
> מסתפגין mstpgyn
> נ־ n-: make; ספג spg: absorb, drying, wiping
> wipe [themselves] dry
> with a worker [???]
> ב־ b-: with; ליענות lyˁnwt: work
> באלונטית bˀlwnṭyt
> ב־ b-: with; אלונטית ˀlwnṭyt: linteum, wrapping cloth, towel
> with a towel
> [just] one,
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> אחת ˀḥt
> אחת ˀḥt: one
> [just] one,
> [using??] their fronts,
> פני pny: front, face; הם hm: them
> פניהם pnyhm
> פני pny: front, face; הם hm: them
> their faces,
> their information
> ידע ydˁ: know, inform; הם hm: them
> ידיהם ydyhm
> יד yd: hand; הם hm: them
> their hands
> and their spycraft,
> רגל rgl: spy, espy, spy out; הם hm: them
> ורגליהם wrglyhm
> רגל rgl: foot; הם hm: them
> and their feet,
> [they may well] bring
> בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
> ומביאין wmbyˀyn
> בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
> [they may even] carry
> him
> אות ˀwt: the same
> אותה ˀwth
> אות ˀwt: the same
> it
> into [their] control.
> ב־ b-: into; יד yd: power, control
> בידן bydn
> ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand
> in the hand.

> Shabbat 22:5.b

## Employing workers

### One may not employ common-birth servants to help with donning disguises.

#### Shabbat 22:6.a

> Encrypted: One may smear on a disguise by physically manipulating one’s own person, but not by using workers, and not by using servants, and not common workmen, and not use them for the dress-up, and not for forming oneself as a commoner, and not for restoring broken disguised people.

> Official: One may anoint oneself by touching one’s belly, but not by massaging, and not by scraping, and not enter a bath like a wrestling ground, and not do intentional vomiting, and not straighten the body of a young child, and not restore broken bones.

> [One may] smear on [a disguise?]
> סוך swk: smeared on; סכך skk: screen, cover
> סכין skyn
> סוך swk: oil, anoint
> [One may] anoint [oneself]
> [by physically?] manipulating
> מ־ m-: of; משמש mšmš: examine, manipulate
> וממשמשין wmmšmšyn
> מ־ m-: of; משמש mšmš: touch, feel, handle
> [by] touching
> [one’s own?] person [??],
> ב־ b-: among; בן bn: man, people; עמא ˁmˀ: people
> בבני מעים bbny mˁym
> ב־ b-: on; בן bn: belonging to; מעה mˁh: bowels, belly
> [one’s] belly,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> [by using?] workers [?],
> מ־ m-: of; עמל ˁml: laborer, worker
> מתעמלין mtˁmlyn
> ם m: of; עמל ˁml: labor, massage
> [by] massaging,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [by using?] servants [?],
> מ־ m-: of; אגירותא ˀgyrwtˀ: hiring, wages; אגורתן ˀgwrtn: underling, servant
> מתגרדין mtgrdyn
> מ־ m-: of; גרד grd: scratch, scrape
> [by] scraping,
> and not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and not
> common [??]
> ירוד yrwd: low, common
> יורדין ywrdyn
> ירד yrd: go down, enter
> enter
> workmen [?],
> קורדח qwrdḥ: work; ־ים -ym: (plural)
> לקורדימה lqwrdymh
> ל־ l-: to; קורדימא / קירומא qwrdymˀ / qyrwmˀ: keroma, wrestling ground
> [a bath like?] a wrestling ground,
> and not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and not
> use [them?]
> עשה ˁšh: work, labor, use
> עושין ˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> do
> [for] the dress-up [???],
> אפקרסין ˀpqrsyn: epikarsion, undress, underwear; אפקרסא ˀpqrsˀ: sheet, wrapping
> אפקטוזין ˀpqṭwzyn
> אפיקטויזין ˀpyqṭwyzyn: apokottabizein, taking an emetic, vomit
> [intentional] vomiting,
> and not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and not
> [for] forming [oneself??]
> מ־ m-: of; עצב ˁṣb: form, shape
> מעצבין mˁṣbyn
> מ־ m-: of; עצב ˁṣb: heal, repair, straighten
> straighten
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [as] a commoner,
> קטן qṭn: inferior, subordinate; קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
> הקטן hqṭn
> קטן qṭn: young, small
> [the body] of a young [child],
> and not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> and not
> [for] restoring
> מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: return, restore
> מחזירין mḥzyryn
> מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: return, restore
> restore
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> broken [disguised people???].
> שבר šbr: break, crush
> השבר hšbr
> שבר šbr: break, crush
> broken [bones].

> Shabbat 22:6.a

### Lesser informants badly hurt in war may not receive secret treatment, even if they die.

#### Shabbat 22:6.b

> Encrypted: So someone who gets broken his informant or his spy, he may not heal him with better methods in secrecy, but he may only rely on him to heal as in the standard manner, and if he perishes then he perishes.

> Official: Someone who has broken his hand or foot, he may not violently shake it in cold water, but he may only bathe it as in the standard manner, and if he is cured then he is cured.

> [So] someone
> מי my: someone
> מי my
> מי my: someone
> Someone
> who gets broken
> ש־ š-: who; נ־ n-: make; פרק prq: break, tear apart
> שנפרקה šnprqh
> ש־ š-: who; נ־ n-: make; פרק prq: break, tear apart
> who has broken
> his informant
> ידע ydˁ: know, inform
> ידו ydw
> יד yd: hand
> his hand
> or his spy,
> רגל rgl: spy; רגלי rgly: foot-soldier, slave
> ורגלו wrglw
> רגל rgl: foot
> or foot,
> [he may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [he may] not
> heal [him with better methods??]
> תרף trp: healing, cure, medicine
> יטרפם yṭrpm
> טרף ṭrp: shake violently
> violently shake [it]
> in secrecy,
> ב־ b-: in; צנע ṣnˁ: hide, hidden, withdraw, secret, guile
> בצונן bṣwnn
> ב־ b-: in; צנון ṣnwn: cold
> in cold [water],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [he may only] rely [on]
> רחץ rḥṣ: trust, rely
> רוחץ rwḥṣ
> רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
> [he may only] bathe
> him [to heal??]
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he, it
> it
> as in the [standard] manner,
> כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
> כדרכו kdrkw
> כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
> as in the [standard] manner,
> and if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> and if
> he perishes
> נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: perish, disappear
> נתרפא ntrpˀ
> נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: healing, cure
> he is cured
> [then] he perishes.
> נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: perish, disappear
> נתרפא ntrpˀ
> נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: healing, cure
> [then] he is cured.

> Shabbat 22:6.b

## Renting out agents & help

### Agents & disguises may be loaned & borrowed for money.

#### Shabbat 23:1.a

> Encrypted: And may borrow a man from another if it is merely a low-level watcher or if it is merely an appointed person, on the condition that he does not officially say to him: Lend him to me! And thus may a nobleman borrow from another a wrapper.

> Official: And may borrow a man from another if it is merely wine or if it is merely oil, on the condition that he does not explicitly say to him: Lend it to me! And thus may a woman borrow from another a loaf of bread.

> [And may] borrow
> שאל šˀl: borrow, lend
> שואל šwˀl
> שאל šˀl: borrow, lend
> [And may] borrow
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> a man
> from another
> מ־ m-: from; חבר ḥbr: other one
> מחברו mḥbrw
> מ־ m-: from; חבר ḥbr: other one
> from another
> [if it is?] merely
> כדי kdy: as much as, merely
> כדי kdy
> כדי kdy: as much as, merely
> [if it is?] merely
> a [low-level?] watcher
> עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard
> יין yyn
> יין yyn: wine
> wine
> or [if it is?] merely
> כדי kdy: as much as, merely
> וכדי wkdy
> כדי kdy: as much as, merely
> or [if it is?] merely
> an appointed [person],
> זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
> שמן šmn
> שמן šmn: fat, oil
> oil,
> on the condition
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> on the condition
> that [he does] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> that [he does] not
> [officially] say
> אמר ˀmr: say
> יאמר yˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> [explicitly] say
> to him:
> לו lw: to him
> לו lw
> לו lw: to him
> to him:
> Lend [him to me]!
> לוי lwy: borrow, lend
> הלוני hlwny
> לוי lwy: borrow, lend
> Lend [it to me]!
> And thus
> כן kn: thus, so
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: thus, so
> And thus
> [may] a nobleman
> שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
> האשה hˀšh
> אשה ˀšh: woman
> [may] a woman
> [borrow] from another
> מ־ m-: from; חבר ḥbr: other one
> מחברתה mḥbrth
> מ־ m-: from; חבר ḥbr: other one
> [borrow] from another
> a wrapper.
> כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
> ככרות kkrwt
> ככר kkr: loaf, talent
> a loaf [of bread].

> Shabbat 23:1.a

#### Shabbat 23:1.b

> Encrypted: And if the lender does not trust the borrower, the borrower may put down his own cover beside the lender, and make with him a calculation for after the war.

> Official: And if the lender does not trust the borrower, the borrower may leave his cloak beside the lender, and make with him a calculation after the Sabbath.

> And if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> And if
> [the lender does] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אינו ˀynw
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [the lender does] not
> trust [the borrower],
> מ־ m-: of; אמן ˀmn: trust, trustworthy
> מאמינו mˀmynw
> מ־ m-: of; אמן ˀmn: trust, trustworthy
> trust [the borrower],
> [the borrower may] put down
> מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: put down, place down
> מניח mnyḥ
> מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: set down, place, leave
> [the borrower may] leave
> his [own] cover
> טלית ṭlyt: sheet, cover
> טליתו ṭlytw
> טלית ṭlyt: cloak
> his cloak
> beside [the lender],
> אצל ˀṣl: beside, near
> אצלו ˀṣlw
> אצל ˀṣl: beside, near
> beside [the lender],
> and make
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> ועושה wˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> and make
> with him
> עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
> עמו ˁmw
> עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
> with him
> a calculation
> חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
> חשבון ḥšbwn
> חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
> a calculation
> [for] after
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
> לאחר lˀḥr
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
> after
> the war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> the Sabbath.

> Shabbat 23:1.b

### When commoners uncover a secret agent, one may rent out a new disguise.

#### Shabbat 23:1.c

> Encrypted: And thus when the multitudes by accident crack a secret informant if it falls on a time to be in war, the lender may put down his intact cover beside the borrower, and take the cracked disguise away and make with him a calculation after the time pleasant & peaceful.

> Official: And thus at the eve of Passover in Jerusalem, if it falls on a time to be on a Sabbath, the borrower may leave his cloak beside the lender, and take a Passover lamb with him, and make with him a calculation after the day joyful of the festival.

> And thus
> כן kn: thus, so
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: thus, so
> And thus
> [when] the multitudes
> ערב ˁrb: mixed multitude
> ערב ˁrb
> ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> [at] the eve
> [by accident?] crack
> פצח pṣḥ: break, crack, burst forth, open
> פסח psḥ
> פסח psḥ: Passover
> of Passover
> a secret informant [?]
> ב־ b-: in; עיר ˁyr: inform; ש־ š-: make; עלם ˁlm: hidden
> בירושלים byrwšlym
> ב־ b-: in; ירושלים yrwšlym: Jerusalem
> in Jerusalem,
> [if it] falls on [a time]
> ש־ š-: that; חל ḥl: apply, fall on
> שחל šḥl
> ש־ š-: that; חל ḥl: apply, fall on
> [if it] falls on [a time]
> to be
> ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
> להיות lhywt
> ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
> to be
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on a Sabbath,
> [the lender may] put down
> מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: put down, place down
> מניח mnyḥ
> מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: set down, place, leave
> [the borrower may] leave
> his [intact??] cover
> טלית ṭlyt: sheet, cover
> טליתו ṭlytw
> טלית ṭlyt: cloak
> his cloak
> beside [the borrower],
> אצל ˀṣl: beside, near
> אצלו ˀṣlw
> אצל ˀṣl: beside, near
> beside [the lender],
> and take
> נטל nṭl: lift, impose, burden
> ונוטל wnwṭl
> נטל nṭl: receive, take
> and take
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the cracked [disguise away??]
> פצח pṣḥ: break, crack, burst forth, open
> פסחו psḥw
> פסח psḥ: Passover
> a Passover [lamb with him],
> and make
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> ועושה wˁwšh
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> and make
> with him
> עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
> עמו ˁmw
> עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
> with him
> a calculation
> חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
> חשבון ḥšbwn
> חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
> a calculation
> after
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
> לאחר lˀḥr
> ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
> after
> the time
> יום ywm: day, time
> יום ywm
> יום ywm: day, time
> the day
> pleasant [& peaceful].
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of the festival].

> Shabbat 23:1.c

### Insider refugees may be led to safety, only in small groups, without written evidence.

#### Shabbat 23:2.a

> Encrypted: And may lead a man those wishing to leave the war zone to a safe location for all mouths, but not with having this in a written document.

> Official: And may count a man his guests to the crumbles of food for all mouths, but not from a written document.

> [And may] lead
> מ־ m-: of; נחה nḥh: lead, guide
> מונה mwnh
> מנה mnh: count
> [And may] count
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> a man
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [those wishing to] leave [the war zone]
> ארח ˀrḥ: travel, depart, leave
> אורחיו ˀwrḥyw
> ארח ˀrḥ: traveller, guest
> his guests
> to
> את ˀt: to
> ואת wˀt
> את ˀt: to
> to
> a safe location [???]
> אפר ˀpr: meadow, safe location
> פרפרותיו prprwtyw
> פרפר prpr: break, crumble, crush
> the crumbles [of food?]
> [for all] mouths,
> מ־ m-: of; פי py: mouth
> מפיו mpyw
> מ־ m-: of; פי py: mouth
> [for all] mouths,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> with
> מן mn: with, because
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from
> [having this in] a written document.
> כתב ktb: written, document
> הכתב hktb
> כתב ktb: written, document
> a written document.

> Shabbat 23:2.a

#### Shabbat 23:2.b

> Encrypted: One may also cast lots for escaping with one’s men and with those belonging to the household on sending them away, on the condition that one does not plan to do this to lead away a large group as opposite to a small group, because of the ongoing deceit.

> Official: One may also cast lots for food portions with children and with those belonging to the household on the table, on the condition that one does not plan to do this to appoint a large portion as opposite to a small portion, because they must all be of fixed size.

> [One may also] cast lots [for escaping]
> מ־ m-: of; פיס pys: cast lots
> ומפיס wmpys
> מ־ m-: of; פיס pys: cast lots
> [One may also] cast lots [for food portions]
> with
> עם ˁm: with
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> with
> [one’s] men
> בן bn: man, people
> בניו bnyw
> בן bn: son, child
> children
> and with
> עם ˁm: with
> ועם wˁm
> עם ˁm: with
> and with
> those belonging to
> בן bn: belonging to
> בני bny
> בן bn: belonging to
> those belonging to
> the household
> בית byt: house
> ביתו bytw
> בית byt: house
> the household
> on
> על ˁl: on, over
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, over
> on
> sending [them] away,
> שלח šlḥ: send away, send off; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> השלחן hšlḥn
> שלחן šlḥn: board, table
> the table,
> on the condition
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> on the condition
> that [one does] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> that [one does] not
> plan
> תכן tkn: estimate, planned
> יתכון ytkwn
> תכן tkn: estimate, planned
> plan
> to do [this]
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> לעשות lˁšwt
> ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> to do [this]
> to lead [away]
> מ־ m-: of; נחה nḥh: lead, guide
> מנה mnh
> מנה mnh: count, appoint, portion
> to appoint
> a large [group]
> גדל gdl: great, large
> גדולה gdwlh
> גדל gdl: great, large
> a large [portion]
> as opposite to
> כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: facing, opposite
> כנגד kngd
> כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: facing, opposite
> as opposite to
> a small [group],
> קטן qṭn: little, small
> קטנה qṭnh
> קטן qṭn: little, small
> a small [portion],
> because
> משום mšwm: because
> משום mšwm
> משום mšwm: because
> because
> of the [ongoing] deceit.
> עקב ˁqb: deceitful; עקבה ˁqbh: deceit
> קביא qbyˀ
> קביע qbyˁ: fixed, stabilized
> [they must all be of] fixed [size].

> Shabbat 23:2.b

#### Shabbat 23:2.c

> Encrypted: And one may also impose casting lots during arrangements in the time pleasant & peaceful. but one may not do this for beforehand appointed people.

> Official: And one may also impose casting lots over holy food on a day joyful of a festival, but one may not do this over beforehand appointed portions.

> And [one may also] impose
> מ־ m-: of; נטל nṭl: take, lift up, impose
> ומטילין wmṭylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נטל nṭl: take, lift up, impose
> And [one may also] impose
> [casting] lots
> חלש ḥlš: lot, ballot
> חלשים ḥlšym
> חלש ḥlš: lot, ballot
> [casting] lots
> during [???]
> על ˁl: during
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, over
> over
> arrangements [???]
> קטסא qṭsˀ: arrange
> הקדשים hqdšym
> קדש qdš: holy
> holy [food?]
> in the time
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> ביום bywm
> ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
> on a day
> pleasant [& peaceful].
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> טוב ṭwb
> טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
> joyful [of a festival],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may] not [do this]
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not [do this]
> for
> על ˁl: concerning, for, on behalf of
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, over
> over
> [beforehand] appointed [people???].
> מנה mnh: count, appoint, portion
> המנות hmnwt
> מנה mnh: count, appoint, portion
> [beforehand] appointed [portions].

> Shabbat 23:2.c

### One may not use common-birth workers to smuggle refugees, only secret agents.

#### Shabbat 23:3.a

> Encrypted: And may not hire a man just any common-birth workers in war for this, and may not tell a man to another to hire for him common workers.

> Official: And may not hire a man workers on Sabbath, and may not tell a man to another to hire for him workers.

> [And may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [And may] not
> hire
> שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
> ישכר yškr
> שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
> hire
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man, person
> a man
> [just any common-birth] workers
> פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
> פועלים pwˁlym
> פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
> workers
> in war [for this??],
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> and [may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and [may] not
> tell
> אמר ˀmr: say
> יאמר yˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> tell
> a man
> אדם ˀdm: man
> אדם ˀdm
> אדם ˀdm: man
> a man
> to another
> ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: other one
> לחברו lḥbrw
> ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: other one
> to another
> to hire
> ל־ l-: to; שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
> לשכר lškr
> ל־ l-: to; שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
> to hire
> for him
> ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
> לו lw
> ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
> for him
> [common] workers.
> פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
> פועלים pwˁlym
> פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
> workers.

> Shabbat 23:3.a

#### Shabbat 23:3.a

> Encrypted: One may also not do this in secret and just wait at the border of a war area to hire common workers to bring over fleeing refugees, but in secret one may employ secret watchmen and bring over fleeing refugees with one’s own trusted helpers.

> Official: One may also not do this after nightfall and wait at the border of a Sabbath area to hire workers to bring in the produce, but after nightfall one may guard it and bring in the produce with one’s own hands.

> [One may also] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may also] not
> [do this in] secret
> מ־ m-: of; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
> מחשיכין mḥšykyn
> מ־ m-: of; חשכה ḥškh: darkness, nightfall
> [do this after] nightfall
> [and just wait] at
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> [and wait] at
> the border [of a war area]
> תחום tḥwm: border, limit, territory
> התחום htḥwm
> תחום tḥwm: border, limit, territory
> the border [of a Sabbath area??]
> to hire
> ל־ l-: to; שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
> לשכר lškr
> ל־ l-: to; שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
> to hire
> [common] workers
> פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
> פועלים pwˁlym
> פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
> workers
> to bring over
> ל־ l-: to; בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
> ולהביא wlhbyˀ
> ל־ l-: to; בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
> to bring in
> fleeing [refugees],
> פרר prr: flee, put to flight
> פרות prwt
> פרי pry: fruit, produce
> the produce,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [in] secret
> מ־ m-: of; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
> מחשיך mḥšyk
> מ־ m-: of; חשכה ḥškh: darkness, nightfall
> [after] nightfall
> [one may]
> הוא hwˀ: he
> הוא hwˀ
> הוא hwˀ: he
> [one may]
> [employ secret] watchmen [?]
> ל־ l-: to; שומר šwmr: guard, watchman
> לשמר lšmr
> ל־ l-: to; שמר šmr: guard, watch
> guard [it]
> and bring over
> בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
> ומביא wmbyˀ
> בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
> and bring in
> fleeing [refugees]
> פרר prr: flee, put to flight
> פרות prwt
> פרי pry: fruit, produce
> the produce
> with [one’s own trusted] helpers.
> ב־ b-: with; אידא ˀydˀ: hand, help, aid
> בידו bydw
> ב־ b-: with; יד yd: hand
> with [one’s own] hands.

> Shabbat 23:3.a

#### Shabbat 23:3.b

> Encrypted: Generally though, says Abba Saul, all things that I am clearly with speech allowed to say, I may also wait for secrecy for it.

> Official: Generally though, says Abba Saul, all things that I am clearly with speech allowed to say, I may also wait for nightfall for it.

> Generally [though],
> כלל kll: all, general
> כלל kll
> כלל kll: all, general
> Generally [though],
> says
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אמר ˀmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says
> Abba
> אבא ˀbˀ: Abba
> אבא ˀbˀ
> אבא ˀbˀ: Abba
> Abba
> Saul,
> שאול šˀwl: Saul
> שאול šˀwl
> שאול šˀwl: Saul
> Saul,
> all [things]
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all [things]
> that I [am]
> ש־ š-: that; אני ˀny: I, me
> שאני šˀny
> ש־ š-: that; אני ˀny: I, me
> that I [am]
> clearly
> זכי zky: clear, correct, innocent
> זכאי zkˀy
> זכי zky: clear, correct, innocent
> clearly
> with speech
> ב־ b-: with, in; אמר ˀmr: say, word, speech
> באמירתו bˀmyrtw
> ב־ b-: with, in; אמר ˀmr: say, word, speech
> with speech
> allowed [to say],
> רשאי ršˀy: permitted, allowed
> רשאי ršˀy
> רשאי ršˀy: permitted, allowed
> allowed [to say],
> I [may also]
> אני ˀny: I, me
> אני ˀny
> אני ˀny: I, me
> I [may also]
> [wait] for secrecy
> ל־ l-: to; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
> להחשיך lhḥšyk
> ל־ l-: to; חשכה ḥškh: darkness, nightfall
> [wait] for nightfall
> for it.
> על ˁl: on, about, for; ־ו -w: him, it
> עליו ˁlyw
> על ˁl: on, about, for; ־ו -w: him, it
> for it.

> Shabbat 23:3.b

### Veiled nobles may not mingle or hide with other people.

#### Shabbat 23:4.a

> Encrypted: One may wait in secrecy at the border of a war area to see to the business of a veiled attack or to the business of a real attack, such as to bring for it the attackers and cloaking.

> Official: One may wait for nightfall at the border of a Sabbath area to see to the affairs of a bride or to the affairs of a dead person, such as to bring for him a coffin and shrouds.

> [One may wait in] secrecy
> מ־ m-: of; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
> מחשיכין mḥšykyn
> מ־ m-: of; חשכה ḥškh: darkness, nightfall
> [One may wait for] nightfall
> at
> על ˁl: on, about, for
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, about, for
> at
> the border [of a war area]
> תחום tḥwm: border, limit, territory
> התחום htḥwm
> תחום tḥwm: border, limit, territory
> the border [of a Sabbath area??]
> to see
> ל־ l-: to; פקח pqḥ: seeing, hearing
> לפקח lpqḥ
> ל־ l-: to; פקח pqḥ: seeing, hearing
> to see
> to
> על ˁl: on, about, for
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on, about, for
> to
> the business
> עסק ˁsq: affair, matter, business
> עסקי ˁsqy
> עסק ˁsq: affair, matter, business
> the affairs
> of a veiled [attack???]
> כלה klh: curtain, veil
> כלה klh
> כלה klh: bride; כלל kll: wedded
> of a bride
> or to
> על ˁl: on, about
> ועל wˁl
> על ˁl: on, about
> or to
> the business
> עסק ˁsq: affair, matter, business
> עסקי ˁsqy
> עסק ˁsq: affair, matter, business
> the affairs
> of a real [attack???],
> אמתי ˀmty: true, real, genuine, authentic
> המת hmt
> מת mt: dead
> of a dead [person],
> [such as] to bring
> ל־ l-: to; בוא bwˀ: bring in
> להביא lhbyˀ
> ל־ l-: to; בוא bwˀ: bring in
> [such as] to bring
> for it
> ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
> לו lw
> ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
> for him
> the attackers [???]
> אירעון ˀyrˁwn: event, meeting; אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, attack, confrontation; ־ין -yn: (plural)
> ארון ˀrwn
> ארון ˀrwn: chest, box, coffin
> a coffin
> and cloaking [?].
> תכריך tkryk: robe, cloak, shroud
> ותכריכין wtkrykyn
> תכריך tkryk: robe, cloak, shroud
> and shrouds.

> Shabbat 23:4.a

#### Shabbat 23:4.b

> Encrypted: If any common people are brought for the fooling in war, then may not assemble with them the veiled nobles, only if so they are brought from a place nearby.

> Official: If gentiles bring flutes on Sabbath, then may still not mourn with them the Israelites, only if so they brought them from a place nearby.

> [If any common] people
> גוי gwy: crowd, people
> גוי gwy
> גוי gwy: nation, people, gentile
> [If] gentiles
> are brought [??]
> ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: bring, carry
> שהביא šhbyˀ
> ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: bring, carry
> bring
> [for] the fooling [??]
> הלל hll: deride, foolish, turned into a fool
> חלילין ḥlylyn
> חליל ḥlyl: flute, pipe
> flutes
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> [then may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [then may still] not
> assemble
> זבד zbd: assemble, assembly
> יספד yspd
> ספד spd: mourn
> mourn
> with them
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> בהן bhn
> ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
> with them
> the veiled nobles [??],
> שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> the Israelites,
> only
> אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
> only
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> so
> כן kn: so, thus
> כן kn
> כן kn: so, thus
> so
> [they] are brought
> בוא bwˀ: bring, carry
> באו bˀw
> בוא bwˀ: bring, carry
> [they] brought [them]
> from a place
> מ־ m-: from; מקום mqwm: place
> ממקום mmqwm
> מ־ m-: from; מקום mqwm: place
> from a place
> nearby.
> קרב qrb: near
> קרוב qrwb
> קרב qrb: near
> nearby.

> Shabbat 23:4.b

#### Shabbat 23:4.c

> Encrypted: If one makes for a non-noble an attack and spies out for him a hiding place, one may then hide in it a veiled noble. But if it was done for the sake of the veiled noble, he may never be hidden in it, forever.

> Official: If one makes for a non-Israelite dead a coffin and digs for him a grave, one may then also bury in it an Israelite. But if it was done for the sake of the Israelite, he may never be buried in it, forever.

> [If one] makes
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עשו ˁšw
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [If one] makes
> for [a non-noble??]
> ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
> לו lw
> ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
> for [a non-Israelite dead??]
> an attack [???]
> אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, attack, confrontation; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> ארון ˀrwn
> ארון ˀrwn: chest, box, coffin
> a coffin
> and spies out
> חפר ḥpr: open, spy out, espy
> וחפרו wḥprw
> חפר ḥpr: dig, pit
> and digs
> for him
> ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
> לו lw
> ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
> for him
> a hiding [place?],
> קבר qbr: hide
> קבר qbr
> קבר qbr: bury, grave
> a grave,
> [one may then] hide
> קבר qbr: hide something
> יקבר yqbr
> קבר qbr: bury, grave
> [one may then also] bury
> in it
> ב־ b-: in, with; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: in, with; ־ו -w: him, it
> in it
> a veiled noble [??].
> שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> an Israelite.
> But if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> But if
> [it was done] for the sake
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> [it was done] for the sake
> of the veiled noble [??],
> שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
> ישראל yšrˀl
> ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
> of the Israelite,
> [he may] never
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [he may] never
> be hidden
> קבר qbr: hide something
> יקבר yqbr
> קבר qbr: bury, grave
> be buried
> in it,
> ב־ b-: in; ־ו -w: him, it
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: in; ־ו -w: him, it
> in it,
> forever.
> עולם ˁwlm: forever, always
> עולמית ˁwlmyt
> עולם ˁwlm: forever, always
> forever.

> Shabbat 23:4.c

## Starting & stopping attacks

### Real attacks may not be started & stopped directly when it contradicts the official war.

#### Shabbat 23:5.a

> Encrypted: One may do all that is required for a real attack, one may arrange and push through with it, on the condition that one does not stir up with it the suspicion of outsiders.

> Official: One may do all that is required for a dead person, one may anoint and cleanse him, on the condition that one does not move with that any limbs.

> [One may] do
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> עושין ˁwšyn
> עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
> [One may] do
> all
> כל kl: all
> כל kl
> כל kl: all
> all
> that is required
> צרך ṣrk: need, require
> צרכי ṣrky
> צרך ṣrk: need, require
> that is required
> [for] a real [attack???],
> אמתי ˀmty: true, real, genuine, authentic
> המת hmt
> מת mt: dead
> [for] a dead [person],
> [one may] arrange
> סכן skn: arrange, manage, prepared
> סכין skyn
> סוך swk: pour, anoint; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> [one may] anoint
> and push through [??]
> מ־ m-: of; דחה dḥh: push, thrust
> ומדיחין wmdyḥyn
> מ־ m-: of; דוח dwḥ: rinse, cleanse
> and cleanse
> [with] it,
> אות ˀwt: this one
> אותו ˀwtw
> אות ˀwt: this one
> him,
> on the condition
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> ובלבד wblbd
> בלבד blbd: on the condition that
> on the condition
> that [one does] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> that [one does] not
> stir up
> זוזי zwzy: stirred up; זעזע zˁzˁ: agitate
> יזיזו yzyzw
> זוז zwz: shake, move
> move
> with it
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him
> בו bw
> ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him
> with that
> [the suspicion?] of outsiders.
> ברא brˀ: outside, external thing
> אבר ˀbr
> אבר ˀbr: limb
> [any] limbs.

> Shabbat 23:5.a

#### Shabbat 23:5.b

> Encrypted: One may draw away their fortresses from under them, but must still put it on actual soldiers for slowing down the predetermined victory.

> Official: One may loosen a pillow from under him, and put him on cold sand for slowing down the decay.

> [One may] draw away
> שמט šmṭ: let drop, draw away
> שומטין šwmṭyn
> שמט šmṭ: loosen, detach
> [One may] loosen
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [their] fortresses [??]
> אקרא ˀqrˀ: citadel, fort, fortress
> הכר hkr
> כר kr: pillow
> a pillow
> from under [them],
> מ־ m-: of; תחת tḥt: instead of; ־ו -w: him
> מתחתיו mtḥtyw
> מ־ m-: from; תחת tḥt: under; ־ו -w: him
> from under him,
> but [must still] put
> מ־ m-: of; נטל nṭl: take, move, put
> ומטילין wmṭylyn
> מ־ m-: of; נטל nṭl: take, move, put
> and put
> it
> אות ˀwt: this one
> אותו ˀwtw
> אות ˀwt: this one
> him
> on
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> [actual] soldiers
> חיל ḥyl: soldier, force, army
> החל hḥl
> חל ḥl: sand
> [cold?] sand
> for
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> בשביל bšbyl
> בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
> for
> slowing down [the predetermined victory??].
> ש־ š-: that; מתן mtn: slow down
> שימתין šymtyn
> ש־ š-: that; מתן mtn: slow down
> slowing down [the decay].

> Shabbat 23:5.b

#### Shabbat 23:5.c

> Encrypted: One may also tie up the army, but one may not take it away, but only tie it up so that it does not continue to advance.

> Official: One may also tie up the jaws of a corpse, but one may not raise it, but only tie it so that it does not continue to open.

> [One may also] tie up
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> קושרים qwšrym
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> [One may also] tie up
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the army [???],
> חיל ḥyl: soldier, force, army
> הלחי hlḥy
> לחי lḥy: jaw, cheek
> the jaws [of a corpse],
> [but one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [but one may] not
> take [it] away,
> ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: lift, take away
> שיעלה šyˁlh
> ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: raise, rise
> raise [it],
> but only
> אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
> but only
> [tie it up so] that [it does] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> [tie it so] that [it does] not
> continue [to advance??].
> יסף ysp: add, continue
> יוסיף ywsyp
> יסף ysp: add, continue
> continue [to open??].

> Shabbat 23:5.c

#### Shabbat 23:5.d

> Encrypted: Thus, if there is an encounter that is to be broken up, one may support that with agents or with noblemen of lower rank, but one may not take it away, but only tie it up so that it does not continue to advance.

> Official: Thus, if there is a beam that is broken, one may support it with a bench or with a long board of a bed, but one may not raise it, but only support it so that it does not continue to open.

> Thus,
> כן kn: so, thus
> וכן wkn
> כן kn: so, thus
> Thus,
> [if there is] an encounter
> קרה qrh: meet, encounter, occur, happen
> קורה qwrh
> קורה qwrh: beam; קרה qrh: lay beams
> [if there is] a beam
> that is [to be?] broken up,
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שבר šbr: break
> שנשברה šnšbrh
> ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שבר šbr: break
> that is broken,
> [one may] support
> סמך smk: prop up, support
> סומכין swmkyn
> סמך smk: prop up, support
> [one may] support
> that
> אות ˀwt: this one
> אותה ˀwth
> אות ˀwt: this one
> it
> with agents
> ב־ b-: with; ספסר spsr: middleman, agent
> בספסל bspsl
> ב־ b-: with; ספסל spsl: bench, stool
> with a bench
> or
> או ˀw: or
> או ˀw
> או ˀw: or
> or
> with noblemen
> ב־ b-: with; ריכא rykˀ: nobleman
> בארכות bˀrkwt
> ב־ b-: with; ארך ˀrk: long, tall
> with a long [board]
> of lower [rank],
> מטה mṭh: downward, below
> המטה hmṭh
> מטה mṭh: couch, bed
> of a bed,
> [but one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [but one may] not
> take [it] away,
> ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: lift, take away
> שתעלה štˁlh
> ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: rise, raise
> raise [it],
> but only
> אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
> אלא ˀlˀ
> אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
> but only
> [tie it up so] that [it does] not
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> שלא šlˀ
> ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
> [support it so] that [it does] not
> continue [to advance??].
> יסף ysp: add, continue
> תוסיף twsyp
> יסף ysp: add, continue
> continue [to open??].

> Shabbat 23:5.d

### Breaking off a real attack is like spilling the truth about the whole disguise.

#### Shabbat 23:5.e

> Encrypted: One can not openly preclude a real attack in war, and not even in common times when it is coming out by itself.

> Official: One may not close the eyes of a dead person on Sabbath, and not even on a regular weekday while is coming out the departing soul.

> [One can?] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> [openly] preclude
> מ־ m-: of; עמץ ˁmṣ: exclude, preclude
> מעמצין mˁmṣyn
> מ־ m-: of; עמץ ˁmṣ: press, closed
> close [the eyes?]
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a real [attack??]
> אמתי ˀmty: true, real, genuine, authentic
> המת hmt
> מת mt: dead
> of a dead [person]
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> and not [even]
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not [even]
> in common [times]
> ב־ b-: on; חול ḥwl: profane, common, week-day
> בחל bḥl
> ב־ b-: on; חול ḥwl: profane, common, week-day
> on a [regular] weekday
> when
> עם ˁm: with, while
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with, while
> while
> [it] is coming out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יציאת yṣyˀt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> is coming out
> [by] itself.
> נפש npš: person, self
> נפש npš
> נפש npš: spirit, soul
> the [departing] soul.

> Shabbat 23:5.e

#### Shabbat 23:5.f

> Encrypted: If one openly precludes it when it is coming out by itself, a case like this is like spilling the truth about all the disguises.

> Official: If one closes the eyes while still is coming out the departing soul, a case of treating dying persons like this is like spilling the blood of the still living.

> [If one openly] precludes [it]
> מ־ m-: of; עמץ ˁmṣ: exclude, preclude
> והמעמץ whmˁmṣ
> מ־ m-: of; עמץ ˁmṣ: press, closed
> [If one] closes [the eyes?]
> when
> עם ˁm: with, while
> עם ˁm
> עם ˁm: with, while
> while
> [it] is coming out
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> יציאת yṣyˀt
> יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
> [still] is coming out
> [by] itself,
> נפש npš: person, self
> נפש npš
> נפש npš: spirit, soul
> the [departing] soul,
> a case
> הרי hry: aspect, case
> הרי hry
> הרי hry: aspect, case
> a case
> [like] this
> זה zh: this
> זה zh
> זה zh: this
> [of treating dying persons like] this
> [is like] spilling
> שפך špk: pour out, spill, empty
> שופך šwpk
> שפך špk: pour out, spill, empty
> [is like] spilling
> [the truth about all] the disguises.
> דמא dmˀ: resemble, disguise
> דמים dmym
> דמא dmˀ: blood
> the blood [of the still living??].

> Shabbat 23:5.f

## Killing one’s own troops & agents

### If a noble looses his disguise, he must flee and arrange for all witnesses to die in war.

#### Shabbat 24:1.a

> Encrypted: If someone is in secrecy in a fighting zone, and accidentally gives away his cover to an outsider, then when there is not near him any outsider, he must place it on an expendable substitute, and as soon as he reaches of his private property the outer part, he must remove all the human tools that can be removed in war and who saw it.

> Official: If someone is at nightfall on the road, and gives his money bag to a stranger, or if there is not near him any stranger, he must place it on his donkey, and as soon as he reaches of his private property the outer part, he must move the vessels that may be moved on Sabbath.

> [If] someone
> מי my: someone
> מי my
> מי my: someone
> [If] someone
> [is in] secrecy
> ש־ š-: that; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
> שהחשיך šhḥšyk
> ש־ š-: that; חשך ḥšk: darkness, nightfall
> [is at] nightfall
> in a fighting [zone?],
> ב־ b-: in; טרק ṭrq: strike, fight
> בדרך bdrk
> ב־ b-: on; דרך drk: way, road
> on the road,
> and [accidentally] gives [away]
> נתן ntn: give
> נותן nwtn
> נתן ntn: give
> and gives
> his cover
> כסי ksy: conceal, cover
> כיסו kysw
> כיס kys: money bag, purse
> his money bag
> to an outsider,
> ל־ l-: to; נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
> לנכרי lnkry
> ל־ l-: to; נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
> to a stranger,
> then when
> אם ˀm: if, when
> ואם wˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> or if
> [there is] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [there is] not
> near him
> עם ˁm: with, near
> עמו ˁmw
> עם ˁm: with, near
> near him
> [any] outsider,
> נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
> נכרי nkry
> נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
> [any] stranger,
> he [must] place [it]
> מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: put down, place down
> מניחו mnyḥw
> מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: put down, place down
> he [must] place [it]
> on
> על ˁl: on
> על ˁl
> על ˁl: on
> on
> an [expendable] substitute,
> המר hmr: substitute; מור / הומר mwr / hwmr: exchange
> החמור hḥmwr
> חמור ḥmwr: donkey
> his donkey,
> [and as soon as] he reaches
> נגע ngˁ: reach, touch
> הגיע hgyˁ
> נגע ngˁ: reach, touch
> [and as soon as] he reaches
> of his private property
> ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> לחצר lḥṣr
> ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
> of his private property
> the outer [part],
> חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
> החיצונה hḥyṣwnh
> חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
> the outer [part],
> [he must] remove
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נוטל nwṭl
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [he must] move
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [all] the [human] tools
> כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
> הכלים hklym
> כלי kly: object, vessel
> the vessels
> [that can] be removed
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> הנטלין hnṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> [that may] be moved
> in war [and who saw it??].
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 24:1.a

#### Shabbat 24:1.b

> Encrypted: As for those that can not be officially removed in war, he may drop injuries on them and injure them so they will fall by themselves.

> Official: As for those that may not be moved on Sabbath, he may loosen the ropes and touch them so the vessels will fall down by themselves.

> [As for those] that [can] not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> ושאינן wšˀynn
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [As for those] that [may] not
> be [officially] removed
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> נטלין nṭlyn
> נטל nṭl: move, remove
> be moved
> in war,
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath,
> [he may] drop
> נתר ntr: make drop, let fall
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: loosen, free
> [he may] loosen
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> injuries [on them?]
> חבל ḥbl: wound, damage, injury
> החבלים hḥblym
> חבל ḥbl: rope, cord
> the ropes
> and injure [them]
> נזק nzq: damage, harm, injure
> והשקין whšqyn
> נשק nšq: touch closely, touch gently
> and touch [them]
> [so they will] fall
> נפל npl: fall
> נופלין nwplyn
> נפל npl: fall
> [so the vessels will] fall down
> by themselves.
> מאליו mˀlyw: by himself; הם hm: they
> מאליהם mˀlyhm
> מאליו mˀlyw: by himself; הם hm: they
> by themselves.

> Shabbat 24:1.b

#### Shabbat 24:2.a

> Encrypted: One may loosen the restraint of destroying one’s own troops before of the human cattle watching, and weaken the forces by killing individuals, but not those made up entirely of helpers.

> Official: One may loosen bundles of sheaves before cattle, and separate the bundles, but not the small bundles.

> [One may] loosen
> נתר ntr: loosen, free
> מתירין mtyryn
> נתר ntr: loosen, free
> [One may] loosen
> the restraint [??]
> אפק ˀpq: restrain
> פקיעי pqyˁy
> פקיע pqyˁ: bundle, bunch
> bundles [??]
> of destroying [one’s own troops??]
> מארה mˀrh: evil, destruction
> עמיר ˁmyr
> עמיר ˁmyr: ear of grain, sheaves
> of sheaves [??]
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> of the [human] cattle [watching?],
> בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> cattle,
> [and] weaken [??]
> מ־ m-: of; פסס pss: break, weaken
> ומפספסים wmpspsym
> מ־ m-: of; פספס psps: separate, part
> [and] separate
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> the forces [by killing individuals??],
> כפי kpy: press, force
> הכפין hkpyn
> כיף kyp: bundle, sheaf
> the bundles [??],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [those made up entirely] of helpers [??].
> עזר ˁzr: help, assist, aid
> הזרין hzryn
> זיר zyr: small bundle, bunch
> the small bundles [??].

> Shabbat 24:2.a

#### Shabbat 24:2.b

> Encrypted: However, one may not lightly try to crush hardened troops, not real killers and not real warriors, before any human cattle watching, whether small human cattle or large human cattle. Lord Yehudah permits it with warriors before small human cattle.

> Official: One may not crush things, not green fodder and not carobs, before cattle, whether small cattle or large cattle. Rabbi Yehudah permits it with carobs before small cattle.

> [However, one may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> [lightly try to?] crush [hardened troops??],
> מ־ m-: of; רסק rsq: crush
> מרסקין mrsqyn
> מ־ m-: of; רסק rsq: crush
> crush [things],
> not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> not
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [real] killers [??]
> שחט šḥṭ: kill, slaughter
> השחת hšḥt
> שחת šḥt: green fodder
> green fodder
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [real] warriors,
> חרב ḥrb: sword, war; קרב qrb: soldier
> החרובין hḥrwbyn
> חרב ḥrb: carob
> carobs,
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> [any human] cattle [watching?],
> בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> בהמה bhmh
> בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
> cattle,
> whether
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> whether
> small [human cattle]
> דק dq: thin, small, fine
> דקה dqh
> דק dq: thin, small, fine
> small [cattle]
> or
> בין byn: whether
> בין byn
> בין byn: whether
> or
> large [human cattle].
> גס gs: huge, large
> גסה gsh
> גס gs: huge, large
> large [cattle].
> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> permits [it]
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> מתיר mtyr
> נתר ntr: permit, free
> permits [it]
> with warriors
> ב־ b-: with; חרב ḥrb: sword, war; קרב qrb: soldier
> בחרובין bḥrwbyn
> ב־ b-: with; חרב ḥrb: carob
> with carobs
> [before] small [human cattle].
> ל־ l-: to; דק dq: thin, small, fine
> לדקה ldqh
> ל־ l-: to; דק dq: thin, small, fine
> [before] small [cattle].

> Shabbat 24:2.b

### Witnesses among one’s own troops may not be killed directly, only covertly.

#### Shabbat 24:3.a

> Encrypted: One may not directly hurt a person to be dealt with, and not just trample him, but one may do it secretly. One may not directly hurt a person that is to disappear, but one may do it covertly. One may only have them be seized by well-trained soldiers.

> Official: One may not fatten a camel, and not press it to feed, but one may make it swallow. One may not fatten a calf, but one may make it swallow. One may give food to pick to the chickens.

> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> אין ˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> [directly?] hurt
> באש bˀš: do evil; באשא bˀšˀ: hurt, do harm or injury to
> אובסין ˀwbsyn
> אבס ˀbs: feed, fattened
> fatten
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a [person] to be dealt with,
> גמל gml: deal with, make even, repay
> הגמל hgml
> גמל gml: camel
> a camel,
> and not
> לא lˀ: not
> ולא wlˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> and not
> [just] trample [him],
> דרס drs: trample
> דורסין dwrsyn
> דרס drs: tread, press
> press [it to feed],
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may do it] secretly [??].
> מ־ m-: of; לוט lwṭ: cover, wrap up, envelop; לט lṭ: secrecy
> מלעיטין mlˁyṭyn
> מ־ m-: of; לעט lˁṭ: to swallow, stuffed
> [one may make it] swallow.
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> [directly?] hurt
> ממרע mmrˁ: injure, wound, hurt
> ממרים mmrym
> מ־ m-: of; מרי mry: fatten, stuff
> fatten
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [a person that is?] to disappear,
> גלא glˀ: disappear, banish, exiles
> העגלים hˁglym
> עגל ˁgl: calf
> a calf,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may do it] covertly [???].
> מ־ m-: of; לוט lwṭ: cover, wrap up, envelop
> מלעיטין mlˁyṭyn
> מ־ m-: of; לעט lˁṭ: to swallow, stuffed
> [one may make it] swallow.
> [One may only have them?] be seized
> מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: seize, collect, gather
> ומהלקטין wmhlqṭyn
> מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: pick, cause picking
> [One may give food to] pick
> [by] well-trained [soldiers???].
> ל־ l-: of, belonging to; תרגל trgl: drill, train, well-trained
> לתרנגולין ltrngwlyn
> ל־ l-: to; תרנגול trngwl: cock, hen
> to the chickens.

> Shabbat 24:3.a

### A noble may mark his secret agents for death in war, but may not uncover them.

#### Shabbat 24:3.b

> Encrypted: One may appoint insider people to be crushed, but one may not uncover them. One may not put such people before governors or before leaders that are still attached, but one may put them before insolent leaders and those in training, and before leaders that are banished.

> Official: One may put water into the crushed grain, but one may not knead it. One may not put water before bees, or before doves that are in a dove-cote, but one may put it before geese and chickens, and before doves of the hardisian species.

> [One may] appoint
> נתן ntn: appoint
> ונותנין wnwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> [One may] put
> [insider?] people
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water
> to be crushed [?],
> ל־ l-: to; מרס mrs: press, crush, batter, bruise, stir; ־ן -n: (suffix)
> למרסן lmrsn
> ל־ l-: to; מרסן mrsn: crushed grain, coarse bran
> into the crushed grain,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [one may] not
> uncover [them].
> קפל qpl: roll up, uncover, stripping off
> גובלים gwblym
> גבל gbl: knead, mix
> knead [it].
> [One may] not
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> ואין wˀyn
> אין ˀyn: no, not
> [One may] not
> put
> נתן ntn: put, place
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> put
> [such] people
> עמים ˁmym: people
> מים mym
> מים mym: water
> water
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> governors
> דברא dbrˀ: leader, guide; דבר dbr: govern people
> דבורים dbwrym
> דברא dbrˀ: bees
> bees,
> or before
> לפני lpny: before
> ולפני wlpny
> לפני lpny: before
> or before
> leaders
> נחה / ינחה nḥh / ynḥh: lead, guide
> יונים ywnym
> יונה ywnh: dove
> doves
> [that are still] attached,
> ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: attach, adhere
> שבשבך šbšbk
> ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; שובך šwbk: dove-cote
> that [are] in a dove-cote,
> but
> אבל ˀbl: but
> אבל ˀbl
> אבל ˀbl: but
> but
> [one may] put [them]
> נתן ntn: put, place
> נותנין nwtnyn
> נתן ntn: put, place
> [one may] put [it]
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> insolent [leaders?]
> עזז ˁzz: insolent, daring, defiant
> אוזים ˀwzym
> אוז ˀwz: duck, goose
> geese
> and [those] in training,
> תרגול trgwl: training, drill, rehearsal
> ותרנגולים wtrngwlym
> תרנגול trngwl: cock, hen
> and chickens,
> and before
> לפני lpny: before
> ולפני wlpny
> לפני lpny: before
> and before
> leaders
> נחה / ינחה nḥh / ynḥh: lead, guide
> יוני ywny
> יונה ywnh: dove
> doves
> that are banished.
> ה־ h-: make; רטש rṭš: abandon, drive out, banish, deserted
> הרדסיות hrdsywt
> הרדסיאות hrdsyˀwt: species of doves
> [of the] hardisian [species???].

> Shabbat 24:3.b

#### Shabbat 24:4.a

> Encrypted: One may cut off an attendant before the human cattle, and also throw a disgraced person before the human dogs.

> Official: One may cut pumpkins before the cattle, and also cut up a decayed animal before the dogs.

> [One may] cut off
> חתך ḥtk: decide, cut into pieces
> מחתכין mḥtkyn
> חתך ḥtk: cut, sever
> [One may] cut
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> an attendant [??]
> דייל dyyl: attendant, serving person, constable
> הדלועין hdlwˁyn
> דלעת / דלוע dlˁt / dlwˁ: gourd, pumpkin
> pumpkins
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> the [human] cattle,
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> הבהמה hbhmh
> בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
> the cattle,
> and
> את ˀt: to
> ואת wˀt
> את ˀt: to
> and
> [also throw] a disgraced [person]
> נבל nbl: ignoble, disgraceful person
> הנבלה hnblh
> נבל nbl: to fade, shrivel, decay
> [also cut up] a decayed [animal]
> before
> לפני lpny: before
> לפני lpny
> לפני lpny: before
> before
> the [human] dogs.
> כלב klb: dog
> הכלבים hklbym
> כלב klb: dog
> the dogs.

> Shabbat 24:4.a

#### Shabbat 24:4.b

> Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: If it was not that he was already disgraced at the eve of war, it is forbidden because it was not from before prepared.

> Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: If it was not that it was already decayed at the eve of Sabbath, it is forbidden because it was not from before prepared.

> Lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> Rabbi
> Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> יהודה yhwdh
> יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
> Yehudah
> says:
> אמר ˀmr: say
> אומר ˀwmr
> אמר ˀmr: say
> says:
> If
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> If
> [it was] not
> לא lˀ: not
> לא lˀ
> לא lˀ: not
> [it was] not
> [that he] was [already]
> היה hyh: be
> היתה hyth
> היה hyh: be
> [that it] was [already]
> disgraced
> נבל nbl: ignoble, disgraceful person
> נבלה nblh
> נבל nbl: to fade, shrivel, decay
> decayed
> at the eve
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> מערב mˁrb
> מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
> at the eve
> of war,
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> שבת šbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> of Sabbath,
> [it] is forbidden
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> אסורה ˀswrh
> אסור ˀswr: forbidden
> [it] is forbidden
> because
> לפי lpy: because, according to
> לפי lpy
> לפי lpy: because, according to
> because
> [it was] not
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> שאינה šˀynh
> ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
> [it was] not
> from [before]
> מן mn: from
> מן mn
> מן mn: from
> from [before]
> prepared.
> מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
> המוכן hmwkn
> מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
> prepared.

> Shabbat 24:4.b

#### Shabbat 24:5.a

> Encrypted: One may even destroy secret watchmen in war and may ask the agent leaders that they perform the required actions for destroying them in war.

> Official: One may even cancel a vow on Sabbath and may ask the spiritual leaders that they perform the required rites for dissolving it on Sabbath.

> [One may even] destroy
> מ־ m-: of; פרר prr: break, shatter, destroy
> מפירין mpyryn
> מ־ m-: of; פרר prr: annul a vow
> [One may even] cancel
> [secret] watchmen
> נטר nṭr: watch, observe, guard, guardian
> נדרים ndrym
> נדר ndr: vow
> a vow
> in war
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> on Sabbath
> and [may] ask
> נ־ n-: make; שאל šˀl: ask, request
> ונשאלין wnšˀlyn
> נ־ n-: make; שאל šˀl: ask, request
> and [may] ask
> the [agent?] leaders
> ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: leader, guide
> לדברים ldbrym
> ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: leader, guide
> the [spiritual?] leaders
> that they
> ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
> שהן šhn
> ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
> that they
> [perform] the required [actions]
> ל־ l-: to; צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
> לצרך lṣrk
> ל־ l-: to; צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
> [perform] the required [rites?]
> [for destroying them in?] war.
> צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> השבת hšbt
> שבת šbt: Sabbath
> [for dissolving it on?] Sabbath.

> Shabbat 24:5.a

### Nobles may weed out leaks among their agents in war, even during battles.

#### Shabbat 24:5.b

> Encrypted: One may stop up an opening leak, and weed out undercover agents and also gatherings of agents.

> Official: One may stop up a window, and measure a patch and also a water reservoir for the Sabbath rituals.

> [One may] stop up
> פקק pqq: stop up
> פוקקין pwqqyn
> פקק pqq: stop up
> [One may] stop up
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> an opening [leak?],
> מאור mˀwr: light, opening, window
> המאור hmˀwr
> מאור mˀwr: light, opening, window
> a window,
> and weed out [??]
> מ־ m-: of; עדד ˁdd: weeding, prune, eradication
> ומודדין wmwddyn
> מדד mdd: stretch, measure
> and measure
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> [under]cover [agents?]
> מ־ m-: of; טלל ṭll: cover, screen; ־ת -t: (suffix)
> המטלית hmṭlyt
> מ־ m-: of; טלאי ṭlˀy: patch, piece of cloth
> a patch
> and also
> את ˀt: to
> ואת wˀt
> את ˀt: to
> and also
> gatherings [of agents?].
> מ־ m-: of; קוה qwh: collect, gather
> המקוה hmqwh
> מקוה mqwh: collection of water, reservoir
> a water reservoir [for the Sabbath rituals].

> Shabbat 24:5.b

#### Shabbat 24:5.c

> Encrypted: There was an incident in the time of the father of lord Zadok and in the time of nobleman Saul Ben Batnit, where they stopped up an opening leak even in a military strike, and tied up a perforation with a pruning of agents, to know if there was among the upper leaders an opening leak spreading or if not.

> Official: There was an incident in the time of the father of rabbi Zadok and in the time of father Saul Ben Batnit, where they stopped up a window with a pitcher, and tied a bowl with reed-grass, to know if there was in the roof an opening of a hand-breadth or if not.

> [There was] an incident
> מעשה mˁšh: action, happening, incident
> ומעשה wmˁšh
> מעשה mˁšh: action, happening, incident
> [There was] an incident
> in the time
> ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: day, time
> בימי bymy
> ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: day, time
> in the time
> of the father
> אב ˀb: father
> אביו ˀbyw
> אב ˀb: father
> of the father
> of
> של šl: of, belonging to
> של šl
> של šl: of, belonging to
> of
> lord
> רב rb: noble, lord, master
> רבי rby
> רבי rby: rabbi
> rabbi
> Zadok
> צדוק ṣdwq: Zadok
> צדוק ṣdwq
> צדוק ṣdwq: Zadok
> Zadok
> and in the time
> ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: day, time
> ובימי wbymy
> ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: day, time
> and in the time
> of nobleman
> אב ˀb: chief; אבי ˀby: noble, toparch, patrician
> אבא ˀbˀ
> אב ˀb: father
> of father
> Saul
> שאול šˀwl: Saul
> שאול šˀwl
> שאול šˀwl: Saul
> Saul
> Ben
> בן bn: son
> בן bn
> בן bn: son
> Ben
> Batnit,
> בטנית bṭnyt: Batnit
> בטנית bṭnyt
> בטנית bṭnyt: Batnit
> Batnit,
> where [they] stopped up
> ש־ š-: that; פקק pqq: stop up
> שפקקו špqqw
> ש־ š-: that; פקק pqq: stop up
> where [they] stopped up
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> an opening [leak]
> מאור mˀwr: light, opening, window
> המאור hmˀwr
> מאור mˀwr: light, opening, window
> a window
> [even] in a [military] strike,
> ב־ b-: in; טפח ṭpḥ: slap, strike
> בטפיח bṭpyḥ
> ב־ b-: with; טפיח ṭpyḥ: pitcher
> with a pitcher,
> and tied up
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> וקשרו wqšrw
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> and tied
> את ˀt: to
> את ˀt
> את ˀt: to
> a perforation
> מ־ m-: of; קדח qdḥ: bore, pierce, perforate
> המקדה hmqdh
> מקדה mqdh: bowl
> a bowl
> with a pruning [of agents?],
> ב־ b-: with; גמם gmm: smite, raze, reduction, pruning
> בגמי bgmy
> ב־ b-: with; גמי gmy: reed-grass
> with reed-grass,
> to know
> ל־ l-: to; ידע ydˁ: know
> לידע lydˁ
> ל־ l-: to; ידע ydˁ: know
> to know
> if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> if
> there was
> יש yš: there is
> יש yš
> יש yš: there is
> there was
> among the upper [leaders?]
> ב־ b-: among; גג gg: upper portion, top, apex
> בגיגית bgygyt
> ב־ b-: in; גג gg: roof
> in the roof
> an opening [leak]
> פתח ptḥ: open, opening
> פותח pwtḥ
> פתח ptḥ: open, opening
> an opening
> spreading
> טפח ṭpḥ: spread out, extend
> טפח ṭpḥ
> טפח ṭpḥ: hand-breadth
> of a hand-breadth
> [or] if
> אם ˀm: if, when
> אם ˀm
> אם ˀm: if, when
> [or] if
> not.
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> לאו lˀw
> לאו lˀw: it is not
> not.

> Shabbat 24:5.c

#### Shabbat 24:5.d

> Encrypted: And from their words it is therefore concluded that one may stop up and weed out and tie up leaks even in war.

> Official: And from their words it is therefore concluded that one may stop up and measure and tie things even on Sabbath.

> And from their words
> מ־ m-: from; דבר dbr: word; הן hn: they
> ומדבריהן wmdbryhn
> מ־ m-: from; דבר dbr: word; הן hn: they
> And from their words
> [it is] therefore [concluded]
> ל־ l-: to; מדין mdyn: therefore, in that case
> למדנו lmdnw
> ל־ l-: to; מדין mdyn: therefore, in that case
> [it is] therefore [concluded]
> that [one may] stop up
> ש־ š-: that; פקק pqq: stop up
> שפוקקין špwqqyn
> ש־ š-: that; פקק pqq: stop up
> that [one may] stop up
> and weed out [??]
> מ־ m-: of; עדד ˁdd: weeding, prune, eradication
> ומודדין wmwddyn
> מדד mdd: stretch, measure
> and measure
> and tie up [leaks]
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> וקושרין wqwšryn
> קשר qšr: bind, tie
> and tie [things]
> [even] in war.
> ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
> בשבת bšbt
> ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
> [even] on Sabbath.

> Shabbat 24:5.d

(This is the end of the Shabbat chapter, it is now fully decrypted.)

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