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# Abbo Cernuus: Viking Siege of Paris

🏷 Latin text interlinear · text — by Gerry · Jan 2026 · 5110 words

The alleged Viking Siege of Paris was described by Abbo Cernuus in a lengthy Latin poem. As usual, the text is pun-encrypted, and really tells how bishop Gauzlin and his peers enacted a fake Viking attack on their city, to bolster their dwindling popularity.

## Introduction

The Viking siege of Paris is said to have occurred in 885–886. The Abbo Cernuus (“the Crooked”) of Saint-Germain was said to be an eyewitness. He wrote a poem about this purported siege later, dated to the 890s. It’s variously titled De bello Parisiaco or De bellis Parisiacae urbis (“Of the Wars of Paris”).

Under the hood, the text is once again pun-encrypted. It tells of yet another fake barbarian invasion, this time with fake Vikings. It also states very clearly that one main goal was to boost government popularity for bishop Gauzlin, count Odo and the other aristocratic scum ruling Paris.

### References

- Wikisource (Latin text)
- Remacle.org (Latin text, French translation)

### How to read this

- In the interlinear word-by-word translation, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
- Use the Pun Config to choose your level: Minimal for secret meaning only, Beginner for secret & official English texts, Intermediate for word-by-word vocabulary, Expert for original text & glyphs.
- Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
- Official meaning is marked with light green.
- Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
- Please read the introduction, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
- Religious readers should proceed with care.

## Viking Siege of Paris

### Countless dressed-up swindlers play-enact the Viking siege.

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.27

> Encrypted: City of Paris, here to you indeed was overlaid a cover of savages : With dressed-up deceivers in the hundreds, besides the minor ones.

> Official: City of Paris, here to you indeed offered libations of blood the savages: With seven air-driven ships times hundred, besides the minor ones.

> [City of Paris,] here
> hic / haec: this, these
> Haec
> hic / haec: this, these
> [City of Paris,] here
> to you
> tu / tibi: you
> tibi
> tu / tibi: you
> to you
> indeed
> nempe: indeed
> nempe
> nempe: indeed
> indeed
> was overlaid [???]
> lino / litus / leverunt: cover, overlay
> litaverunt
> lito / litaverunt: make an offering, devote
> offered
> a cover [???]
> lino / levit: cover, overlay; -men / -mina: (suffix)
> libamina
> libo / libat: pour libation; -men / -mina: (suffix)
> libations [of blood?]
> of savages [???]:
> scio / scivi: know, perceive
> saevi
> saevus / saevi: savage, cruel, violent
> the savages:
> [With] dressed-up
> saepio / saepitis: envelop, wrap, dress up
> Septies
> septem: seven; septies: seven times
> [With] seven
> deceivers
> error / erroris: error, delusion, deception
> aerias
> aerius: of air, aerial
> air[-driven ships?]
> [in] the hundreds,
> centum: hundred
> centum
> centum: hundred
> [times] hundred,
> besides
> praeter: besides, except, before, more than
> praeter
> praeter: besides, except, before, more than
> besides
> the minor [ones].
> iuvenis / iunior: junior, young man
> juniores
> iuvenis / iunior: junior, young man
> the minor [ones].

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.27

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.29

> Encrypted: How many really numbered the active actors, the numbering was impossible. Standing out this type, in the manner of vulgar people “barbarians” they are called.

> Official: How many really numbered the ships, the numbering was impossible. Standing out this type, in the manner of vulgar people “barges” they are called.

> How many
> quam: how, how much; plus / pluris: many, more
> Quamplures
> quam: how, how much; plus / pluris: many, more
> How many
> [really] numbered
> numero: number, count
> numero
> numero: number, count
> [really] numbered
> the active [actors?],
> navus: busy, active
> naves
> navis: ship
> the ships,
> the numbering
> numero: number, count
> numerante
> numero: number, count
> the numbering
> [was impossible].
> carens: lacking, being without
> carentes
> carens: lacking, being without
> [was impossible].
> Standing out
> exsto: extant, stand out
> Extat
> exsto: extant, stand out
> Standing out
> this [type],
> is / eas: this
> eas
> is / eas: this
> this [type],
> [in] the manner
> mos / moris: custom, manner, fashion
> moris
> mos / moris: custom, manner, fashion
> [in] the manner
> of vulgar people
> vulgus: vulgar, common people, multitude
> vulgo
> vulgus: vulgar, common people, multitude
> of vulgar people
> “barbarians”
> barbaricus / barbaricas: barbaric
> barcas
> barca / barcas: bark, barge
> “barges”
> [they] are called.
> resono: call repeatedly
> resonare
> resono: call repeatedly
> [they] are called.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.29

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.31

> Encrypted: They were so savage, by accompanying crews being altered, all the way to duplicitous colorings, in addition to being fixed up they were produced.

> Official: They were so many that they filled up the Seine river's streams being deep, all the way for two small distances above two leagues they sped forward.

> They [were]
> quis: who, which, any
> Quis
> quis: who, which, any
> They [were]
> so
> adeo: so, thus, so much
> adeo
> adeo: so, thus, so much
> so many
> savage [??],
> ferox / feroces: wild, savage
> fartus
> farcio / fartus: stuff, fill up
> [that they] filled up
> [by] accompanying
> sequor / sequens: follow, accompany, obey
> Sequanae
> Sequana: Seine
> the Seine [river's]
> crews
> grex / greges: crowd, company, crew
> gurges
> gurges: gulf, stream
> streams
> being
> sum / fuit: be
> fuit
> sum / fuit: be
> being
> altered,
> alteratio: alteration, change
> altus
> altus: deep
> deep,
> all the way
> usque: all the way
> Usque
> usque: all the way
> all the way
> [to] duplicitous
> duis: doubly, twofold
> duas
> duo: two
> [for] two
> colorings,
> medico: medicate, color, dye
> modicumque
> modicus: moderate, small
> small [distances??]
> in addition to
> super: besides, in addition
> super
> super: above
> above
> being fixed [up]
> ligo: fix, fasten, surround
> leugas
> ligo: bind, unite
> [two] leagues [??]
> [they] were produced.
> facio: do, make, produce; figuro / figurando: form, shape
> fugiendo
> fugio: flee, speed, avoid
> [they] sped [forward].

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.31

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.33

> Encrypted: All the while were wondering the deceivers, which place should they appear bafore? So not yet did they appear.

> Official: While we were wondering about the river, which place had it been put, in a cavern? No longer did it appear.

> [All the] while
> ut: while
> Ut
> ut: while
> While
> were wondering
> miror: astonished at, wonder at
> mirareris
> miror: astonished at, wonder at
> [we] were wondering
> the deceivers,
> fallo: deceive, beguile
> fluvius
> fluvius: river, stream
> [about] the river,
> which [place]
> cui: who, which
> cui
> cui: who, which
> which [place]
> [should] they
> se: oneself
> se
> se: oneself
> [had] it
> appear
> do / daret: present, appear
> daret
> do / daret: give, put
> been put,
> bafore?
> anterior / anteriorum: anterior, before
> antro
> antrum / antro: cave, cavern
> [in] a cavern?
> [So] not [yet]
> nil: no, nothing
> Nil
> nil: no, nothing
> No [longer]
> [did they] appear.
> pareo: appear, apparent, visible
> parens
> pareo: appear, apparent, visible
> [did it] appear.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.33

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.34

> Encrypted: They were to be hostiles, because they were veiled as that, and as a show and a covering simultaneously, in these manners, but were also estranged.

> Official: There was only fir wood, because the river was covered in that, and in oak wood and elm wood simultaneously, in these wet woods, but also alder.

> [They were to be] hostiles,
> obvius: against, hostile
> abies
> abies: fir tree, fir wood
> [There was only] fir wood,
> because
> quoniam: because, since
> quoniam
> quoniam: because, since
> because
> [they] were veiled
> velo: veil, cover, hide, clothe in
> velaverat
> velo: veil, cover, hide, clothe in
> [the river] was covered
> [as] that,
> ille / illum: that, those
> illum
> ille / illum: that, those
> [in] that,
> and
> ac: and, and also
> Ac
> ac: and, and also
> and
> [as] a show
> coarguo: show, demonstrate
> quercus
> quercus: oak, oak-tree
> [in] oak wood
> and a covering
> aulaeum: covering, theater curtain; -que: and
> ulmique
> ulmus / ulmi: elm tree; -que: and
> and elm wood
> simultaneously,
> simul: simultaneously
> simul
> simul: simultaneously
> simultaneously,
> [in these] manners,
> modus: mode, manner, way
> madidae
> madidus: wet, moist
> [in these] wet [woods],
> but
> sed: but
> sed
> sed: but
> but
> [were] also
> et: and, also
> et
> et: and, also
> also
> estranged.
> alienus: strange, transformed
> alni
> alnus: alder; alneus: alder
> alder.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.34

### The lead actor suggests to bishop Gauzlin to scare his subjects into obedience.

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.35

> Encrypted: After the city was covered indeed by this supportive substitution, a distinguished Cloaked Savage visited the pastor of Paris at his palace. Being only king in deception, his fellow actors still he directed.

> Official: After the city was touched indeed by the sun second, the distinguished Sigefroi visited the pastor of Paris at his palace. Being only king in name, his companions still he commanded.

> [After] the city
> urbs: city
> Urbem
> urbs: city
> [After] the city
> qui / quo: which
> quo
> qui / quo: which
> was covered
> tego: cover, clothe, conceal
> tetigere
> tango: touch, strike
> was touched
> indeed
> quidem: indeed, at least
> quidem
> quidem: indeed, at least
> indeed
> [by this] supportive [???]
> tuitio / tuitione: defense, support; tueor / tuitus: view
> Titane
> Titan: Titan, Sun-god
> [by] the sun [???]
> substitution,
> secundus: substituted
> secundo
> secundus: secondary
> second,
> a distinguished
> egregius: singular, distinguished, eminent, excellent
> Egregii
> egregius: singular, distinguished, eminent, excellent
> the distinguished
> Cloaked Savage [??]
> sagum / sagi: cloak; ferus / feri: savage
> Sigefredus
> Sigefridus: Sigefroi
> Sigefroi
> visited
> adeo: address, approach, visit
> adit
> adeo: address, approach, visit
> visited
> the pastor [of Paris]
> pastor: shepherd
> pastoris
> pastor: shepherd
> the pastor [of Paris]
> at
> ad: at, to
> ad
> ad: at, to
> at
> [his] palace.
> aula: hall, church, palace
> aulam
> aula: hall, church, palace
> [his] palace.
> [Being] only
> solus: sole, only
> Solo
> solus: sole, only
> [Being] only
> king
> rex: king, ruler
> rex
> rex: king, ruler
> king
> [in] deception,
> verba dare: cheat, deceive
> verbo
> verbum / verba: word
> [in] name,
> [his] fellow [actors?]
> socius: associate, fellow, companion
> sociis
> socius: associate, fellow, companion
> [his] companions
> still
> tamen: yet, still
> tamen
> tamen: yet, still
> still
> [he] directed.
> imperium: command, direction
> imperitabat
> imperium: command, direction
> [he] commanded.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.35

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.39

> Encrypted: The top of his head he bent towards the pontiff, and so began his speech: O Gozlin, you the flock of yours you must make miserable.

> Official: The top of his head he bent towards the pontiff, and so began his speech: O Gozlin, you on the flock of yours take pity.

> The top [of his head]
> vertex: top, summit
> Vertice
> vertex: top, summit
> The top [of his head]
> [he] bent
> flecto: bend, curve
> flexo
> flecto: bend, curve
> [he] bent
> towards
> ad: at, towards
> ad
> ad: at, towards
> towards
> the pontiff,
> pontifex: pontiff, high priest
> pontificem
> pontifex: pontiff, high priest
> the pontiff,
> [and] so
> sic: thus, so
> sic
> sic: thus, so
> [and] so
> began
> incoho: begin, commence
> inchoat
> incoho: begin, commence
> began
> [his] speech:
> os / ore: countenance, appearance
> ore
> os / ore: mouth, speech
> [his] speech:
> O
> o: o
> O
> o: o
> O
> Gozlin,
> Gozlinus: Gozlin
> Gozline
> Gozlinus: Gozlin
> Gozlin,
> you
> tibi: to you
> tibi
> tibi: to you
> you
> the flock
> grex: flock, herd, crowd, company, crew
> gregibusque
> grex: flock, herd, crowd, company, crew
> [on] the flock
> of yours
> tuus: your
> tuis
> tuus: your
> of yours
> [you must make?] miserable.
> miser: miserable, unhappy, distressing
> miserere
> miseror: lament, pity
> [take] pity.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.39

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.41

> Encrypted: If they should not obey, our support we will offer you: It is that we ask, kindly accordinly, only that our cross-dressing you should enable throughout this city.

> Official: If they should not perish, our favor we will tell you: It is that we ask, kindly accordinly, only that our crossing you should enable through this city.

> [If they should] not
> ne: not
> Ne
> ne: not
> [If they should] not
> obey,
> pareo: obey, comply, pay attention
> pereas
> pereo: perish, die
> perish,
> our
> noster: our
> nostris
> noster: our
> our
> support
> faveo: support
> faveas
> faveo: favor
> favor
> [we will] offer [you]:
> dico: offer
> dictis
> dico: say, speak, tell
> [we will] tell [you]:
> [It is that we] ask,
> rogito: ask, inquire
> rogitamus
> rogito: ask, inquire
> [It is that we] ask,
> kindly
> indulgeo: indulge, kind, grant
> Indulge
> indulgeo: indulge, kind, grant
> kindly
> accordinly,
> siquidem: accordingly, if indeed
> siquidem
> siquidem: accordingly, if indeed
> accordinly,
> only
> tantum: so much, hardly, only
> tantum
> tantum: so much, hardly, only
> only
> [that our] cross[-dressing]
> transeo: go over, cross
> transire
> transeo: go over, cross
> [that our] crossing
> [you should] enable
> queo: able, can
> quaeamus
> queo: able, can
> [you should] enable
> [throughout] this
> hic / hanc: this, these
> Hanc
> hic / hanc: this, these
> [through] this
> city.
> urbs: city
> urbem
> urbs: city
> city.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.41

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.43

> Encrypted: Actually striking it we will not. But to respect and keep safe your own possessions we will try, and those of count Odo and everything.

> Official: Striking it we will not. But to respect and keep safe your possessions we will try, and those of count Odo and everything.

> [Actually] striking
> tango: touch, strike
> tangemus
> tango: touch, strike
> Striking
> it
> eam: her, it
> eam
> eam: her, it
> it
> [we will] not.
> numquam: never
> numquam
> numquam: never
> [we will] not.
> But
> sed: but
> sed
> sed: but
> But
> to respect
> honor: honor, respect
> honores
> honor: honor, respect
> to respect
> and keep safe
> conservo: conserve, keep safe, observe
> Conservare
> conservo: conserve, keep safe, observe
> and keep safe
> your [own possessions?]
> tuus: your
> tuos
> tuus: your
> your [possessions?]
> [we will] try,
> conor: try, attempt
> conemur
> conor: try, attempt
> [we will] try,
> [and those of count??] Odo
> Odonis: Odo, Eudes
> Odonis
> Odonis: Odo, Eudes
> [and those of count??] Odo
> and
> et: and
> et
> et: and
> and
> everything.
> omnis: each, every
> omnes
> omnis: each, every
> everything.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.43

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.45

> Encrypted: This consul venerated, king of the future, of the city he was the watcher, so for his later reign he would have to become another person.

> Official: This consul venerated, king of the future, of the city he was the guardian, and in his later reign he would become its foster-father.

> This
> hic: this, these
> Hic
> hic: this, these
> This
> consul
> consul: consul
> consul
> consul: consul
> consul
> venerated,
> veneror: venerate, worship
> venerabatur
> veneror: venerate, worship
> venerated,
> king
> rex: king, ruler
> rex
> rex: king, ruler
> king
> atque: and
> atque
> atque: and
> of the future,
> futurus: future
> futurus
> futurus: future
> of the future,
> of the city
> urbs: city
> Urbis
> urbs: city
> of the city
> [he] was
> sum / erat: be
> erat
> sum / erat: be
> [he] was
> the watcher,
> tutor: tutor, guardian, watcher
> tutor
> tutor: tutor, guardian, watcher
> the guardian,
> [so for his later] reign
> regnum: reign, power, control
> regni
> regnum: reign, power, control
> [and in his later] reign
> [he would have to] become
> venio: come
> venturus
> venio: come
> [he would] become
> et: and
> et
> et: and
> another [person?].
> alter: other, another
> altor
> altor: sustainer, foster father
> [its] foster-father.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.45

### Terror attacks will be play-enacted until servility is restored.

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.47

> Encrypted: And here against the enacted lord did the bishop certainty emit, by saying: This city has been entrusted to us by Charles our king, the emperor who rules all, almost the whole universe after even higher-up lords, the ruling lords most powerful.

> Official: And here against the viking lord did the bishop certainty emit, by saying: This city has been entrusted to us by Charles our king, the emperor who rules all, almost the whole universe after the lord God, the ruling lord most powerful.

> [And] here
> hic / haec: this, here
> Haec
> hic / haec: this, here
> [And] here
> against
> contra: against
> contra
> contra: against
> against
> the [enacted] lord
> dominus: lord, master
> Domini
> dominus: lord, master
> the [viking] lord
> [did] the bishop
> praesul: patron, protector, bishop
> praesul
> praesul: patron, protector, bishop
> [did] the bishop
> certainty
> fidus / fidissimus: steadfast, certain
> fidissima
> fidus / fidissimus: steadfast, certain
> certainty
> emit[, by saying]:
> iacio: send forth, emit
> jecit
> iacio: send forth, emit
> emit[, by saying]:
> [This] city
> urbs: city
> Urbs
> urbs: city
> [This] city
> has been entrusted [to us]
> mando: entrust, commission
> mandata
> mando: entrust, commission
> has been entrusted [to us]
> [by]
> sum / fuit: be
> fuit
> sum / fuit: be
> [by]
> Charles
> Carolus: Charles
> Karolo
> Carolus: Charles
> Charles
> our
> nos / nobis: we, us
> nobis
> nos / nobis: we, us
> our
> king,
> basileus: king
> basileo
> basileus: king
> king,
> the emperor
> imperium: command, direction
> Imperio
> imperium: command, direction
> the emperor
> who
> qui / cuius: who, which
> cujus
> qui / cuius: who, which
> who
> rules
> rego: rule, govern
> regitur
> rego: rule, govern
> rules
> all,
> totus: total, all, whole
> totus
> totus: total, all, whole
> all,
> almost [the whole]
> prope: almost
> prope
> prope: almost
> almost [the whole]
> universe
> cosmos: universe
> kosmus
> cosmos: universe
> universe
> after
> post: after
> Post
> post: after
> after
> [even higher-up?] lords [??],
> dominus: lord, master
> Dominum
> dominus: lord, master
> the lord [God],
> the ruling
> rex: king, ruler
> regem
> rex: king, ruler
> the ruling
> lords
> dominator: lord, ruler; -que: and
> dominatoremque
> dominator: lord, ruler; -que: and
> lord
> [most] powerful.
> potens: powerful
> potentum
> potens: powerful
> [most] powerful.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.47

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.51

> Encrypted: Allowing subversion come through it, this power will not be allowed, but rather so that servility will come through it, and continuing servitude.

> Official: Letting destruction come through it, this power was not allowed, but rather so that salvation would come through it, and continuing serenity.

> [Allowing] subversion
> excidium: subversion
> Excidium
> excidium: destruction
> [Letting] destruction
> [come] through
> per: through
> per
> per: through
> [come] through
> it,
> eam: her, it
> eam
> eam: her, it
> it,
> [this] power
> regnum: reign, power, control
> regnum
> regnum: reign, power, control
> [this] power
> [will] not
> non: no, not
> non
> non: no, not
> [was] not
> qui / quod: who, which, that
> quod
> qui / quod: who, which, that
> be allowed,
> patior: allow, permit
> paciatur
> patior: allow, permit
> allowed,
> but [rather]
> sed: but
> Sed
> sed: but
> but [rather]
> [so] that
> qui / quod: who, which, that
> quod
> qui / quod: who, which, that
> [so] that
> servility
> servio / servitur: serve; servilis: servile
> salvetur
> salvo / salvetur: save
> salvation
> [will come] through
> per: through
> per
> per: through
> [would come] through
> it,
> eam: her, it
> eam
> eam: her, it
> it,
> and continuing
> sedeo: sit, remain, continue; -que: and
> sedeatque
> sedeo: sit, remain, continue; -que: and
> and continuing
> servitude.
> servio / serviendum: serve
> serenum
> serenus / serenum: serene, tranquil
> serenity.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.51

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.53

> Encrypted: If like to us, if by chance to you had entrusted been the city walls, and that which was described as the right action by you in your narration, would that be what you would enact?

> Official: If like to us, if by chance to you had entrusted been the city walls, and that which was described as the right action by you in your narration, would that be what you would enact?

> [If] like
> ut: to, how, as, like
> Ut
> ut: to, how, as, like
> [If] like
> [to] us,
> nos / nobis: we, us
> nobis
> nos / nobis: we, us
> [to] us,
> if
> si: if
> si
> si: if
> if
> by chance
> forte: perhaps, by chance
> forte
> forte: perhaps, by chance
> by chance
> [to] you
> tu / tibi: you
> tibi
> tu / tibi: you
> [to] you
> had entrusted
> committo / commissus: commit to, entrust
> commissa
> committo / commissus: commit to, entrust
> had entrusted
> been
> sum / fuissent: be
> fuissent
> sum / fuissent: be
> been
> the city walls,
> moenia: enclosure
> Menia
> moenia: city walls, fortifications
> the city walls,
> and [that] which
> quod: which, what; -que: and
> quodque
> quod: which, what; -que: and
> and [that] which
> was described
> perago: traverse, relate, describe
> peregisses
> perago: traverse, relate, describe
> was described
> [as the] right [action]
> iustus: just, righteous
> justum
> iustus: just, righteous
> [as the] right [action]
> [by] you
> tibi: to you
> tibi
> tibi: to you
> [by] you
> [in your] narration,
> narro: narrate, tell
> narras
> narro: narrate, tell
> [in your] narration,
> [would] that
> quid: who, what
> Quid
> quid: who, what
> [would] that
> be
> sum / foris: be
> fore
> sum / foris: be
> be
> [what you would] enact?
> sancio: sanction, dedicate, enact
> sancires
> sancio: sanction, dedicate, enact
> [what you would] enact?

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.53

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.55

> Encrypted: The Cloaked Savage said: A deception, he began, an insidious one would restore respect by me, and then the subordinates finally also would behave appropriately. And our witty play, unless yet to your requests they will yield, to you by this trickery of us will be pouring out from our shelters, starting from the day coming, and when the day disappears rumors and assumptions will spread, and this will be executed every year.

> Official: Sigefroi said: If I did that, my head, he began, by the sword should be honored and cut off from me, and of being for the dogs finally also it would be worthy. But our poison, unless yet to our request you will yield, to you by the arrows of us will be pouring out from our strongholds, starting from the day coming, and when the day disappears hunger and pestilence will spread, and this will be executed every year.

> The Cloaked Savage [said??]:
> sagum / sagi: cloak; ferus / feri: savage
> Sigemfredus
> Sigefridus: Sigefroi
> Sigefroi [said]:
> A deception,
> captio: deception, trick, fraud
> Caput
> caput: head
> [If I did that, my] head,
> he began,
> infit: begin
> infit
> infit: begin
> he began,
> an insidious [one]
> insidiosus / insidiosis: insidious, deceitful
> Ensis
> ensis: sword
> [by] the sword
> [would restore?] respect
> honoro: respect
> honore
> honor: honor, regard
> [should] be honored [and cut off?]
> [by?] me,
> meus: my
> meum
> meus: my
> [from?] me,
> [and then] the subordinates
> canis: subordinate
> canibus
> canis: dog
> [and of being for] the dogs
> finally
> demum: finally, at last
> demum
> demum: finally, at last
> finally
> also
> quoque: also, too
> quoque
> quoque: also, too
> also
> [would behave] appropriately.
> dignus: appropriate, proper
> dignum
> dignus: worthy, deserving
> [it would] be worthy.
> [And our] witty [play],
> dicax: witty, smart, sarcastic
> Toxica
> toxicus: toxic, poisonous
> [But our] poison,
> unless
> ni: unless
> ni
> ni: unless
> unless
> yet
> tamen: although, yet, still
> tamen
> tamen: although, yet, still
> yet
> [to your]
> hic / his: this, here
> his
> hic / his: this, here
> [to our]
> requests
> prex: prayer, request
> precibus
> prex: prayer, request
> request
> [they will] yield,
> cedo: yield, withdraw
> caedas
> cedo: yield, withdraw
> [you will] yield,
> to you
> tibi: to you
> tibi
> tibi: to you
> to you
> [by this] trickery
> dolus / dolum: deception, trickery
> tela
> telum: dart, spear, missile
> [by] the arrows
> of us
> noster: our
> Nostra
> noster: our
> of us
> [will] be pouring out
> ministro: manage, govern
> ministrabunt
> ministro: execute, pour out
> [will] be pouring out
> [from our] shelters,
> castellum: defence, shelter
> castella
> castellum: castle, stronghold
> [from our] strongholds,
> [starting from] the day
> dies: day
> die
> dies: day
> [starting from] the day
> coming,
> venio: come
> veniente
> venio: come
> coming,
> [and when the day??] disappears [??]
> decedo: disappear
> Decedente
> decedo: disappear
> [and when the day??] disappears [??]
> rumors
> fama / famis: fame, report, rumour
> famis
> fames / famis: hunger
> hunger
> [and] assumptions [will spread??],
> pono / positus / positum: suppose, assume
> pestem
> pestis / pestem: pest, pestilence
> [and] pestilence [will spread],
> [and] this
> hic / hoc: this, here
> hoc
> hic / hoc: this, here
> [and] this
> [will] be executed
> perago: execute, accomplish; -que: and
> peragentque
> perago: execute, accomplish; -que: and
> [will] be executed
> every year.
> quotannis: yearly
> quotannis
> quotannis: yearly
> every year.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.55

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.60

> Encrypted: This he said and hereafter departed, and his fellow actors he assembled.

> Official: This he said and hereafter departed, and his fellow warriors he assembled.

> This
> hic / haec: this, here
> Haec
> hic / haec: this, here
> This
> [he] said
> aio: say, speak
> ait
> aio: say, speak
> [he] said
> and
> atque: and
> atque
> atque: and
> and
> hereafter
> dehinc: henceforth, hereafter
> dehinc
> dehinc: henceforth, hereafter
> hereafter
> departed,
> abeo: depart, go away
> abiit
> abeo: depart, go away
> departed,
> and [his] fellow [actors]
> socius: associate, fellow, companion; -que: and
> sociosque
> socius: associate, fellow, companion; -que: and
> and [his] fellow [warriors]
> [he] assembled.
> cogo: collect, assemble
> coegit
> cogo: collect, assemble
> [he] assembled.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.60

### Fake Vikings swarm the city of Paris and spread chaos.

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.61

> Encrypted: Thus this leader, when the sunrise hurried away, began the appearance of trickery. Indeed in a hurry everyone as planned into view they hurried, and were brought forth as vile and violent, and completely swarmed the scene.

> Official: Thus this leader, when the sunrise hurried away, began the destruction of war. Indeed in a hurry everyone from the rafts to the first tower they hurried, and shook it to its foundations severely, and completely covered it in arrows.

> Thus
> sic: thus
> Sic
> sic: thus
> Thus
> [this] leader,
> caput: head, guide, leader
> caput
> caput: head, guide, leader
> [this] leader,
> [when] the sunrise
> aurora: dawn, sunrise
> Aurora
> aurora: dawn, sunrise
> [when] the sunrise
> hurried away,
> rapio: rape, steal, hurry
> rapuit
> rapio: rape, steal, hurry
> hurried away,
> [began] the appearance
> prodeo: come forth, appear
> perdente
> perdo: destroy, ruin
> [began] the destruction
> of trickery.
> dolus / dolum: deception, trickery
> duellum
> duellum: duel, war, military force
> of war.
> Indeed
> nempe: indeed, of course
> Nempe
> nempe: indeed, of course
> Indeed
> [in] a hurry
> ruo: rush, hurry
> ruunt
> ruo: rush, hurry
> [in] a hurry
> everyone
> omnis: each, every
> omnes
> omnis: each, every
> everyone
> [as] planned [?]
> ratio / rationibus: business, motive, plan
> ratibus
> ratis / ratibus: raft, boat
> [from] the rafts
> [into] view
> tueor / tueris: see, watch, view
> turri
> turris: tower, citadel
> [to the first?] tower
> [they] hurried,
> propero: hurry, quick
> properantes
> propero: hurry, quick
> [they] hurried,
> [and]
> qui / quam: who, that
> Quam
> qui / quam: who, that
> [and]
> were brought forth [??]
> fero / ferunt: bring forth, create, produce
> feriunt
> ferio / feriunt: hit, strike, shake
> shook [it?]
> [as?] vile
> foedus: foul, disgusting, vile
> fundis
> fundus: foundation
> [to its] foundations
> [and] violent,
> acriter: fiercely; acer: violent
> acriter
> acriter: severely
> severely,
> and completely
> compleo: complete; -que: and
> complentque
> compleo: complete; -que: and
> and completely [covered it?]
> swarmed [the scene].
> scateo: swarm, abound
> sagittis
> sagitta / sagittis: arrow
> [in] arrows.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.61

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.64

> Encrypted: The city resounded with alarm, the citizens trembled, and the clothed actors were crying out. Running was everyone, and to the view the assistance was increased.

> Official: The city resounded with alarm, the citizens trembled, and the bridges were shaking. Running was everyone, and to the tower the assistance was increased.

> The city
> urbs: city
> Urbs
> urbs: city
> The city
> resounded [with alarm],
> resono: resound
> resonat
> resono: resound
> resounded [with alarm],
> the citizens
> civis: citizen
> cives
> civis: citizen
> the citizens
> trembled,
> trepido: tremble, afraid
> trepidant
> trepido: tremble, afraid
> trembled,
> and the clothed [actors]
> pannus: cloth, garment, rags; -que: and
> pontesque
> pons: bridge; -que: and
> and the bridges
> were crying [out].
> vocalis: vocal, sounding, crying
> vacillant
> vacillo: vacillate, shake
> were shaking.
> Running was
> concurro: concur, run together, fight
> Concurrunt
> concurro: concur, run together, fight
> Running was
> everyone,
> omnis: each, every
> omnes
> omnis: each, every
> everyone,
> and [to] the view
> tueor / tueris: see, watch, view; -que: and
> turrique
> turris: tower, citadel; -que: and
> and [to] the tower
> the assistance
> iuvo: help, assist, aid
> juvamen
> iuvo: help, assist, aid
> the assistance
> was increased.
> adaugeo: augment, increase
> adaugent
> adaugeo: augment, increase
> was increased.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.64

### Count Odo and the other nobles shine as fake heroic defenders.

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.66

> Encrypted: Here, count Odo and the brother of his were shining, Robert, and also count Ragenar. There also the pontiff’s nephew Ebles was a great changed persona.

> Official: Here, count Odo and the brother of his were shining, Robert, and also count Ragenar. There also the pontiff’s nephew Ebles was a brave abbot.

> Here,
> hic: this, these
> Hic
> hic: this, these
> Here,
> count
> comes: count, earl
> comites
> comes: count, earl
> count
> Odo
> Odonis: Odo, Eudes
> Odo
> Odonis: Odo, Eudes
> Odo
> and the brother
> frater: brother; -que: and
> fraterque
> frater: brother; -que: and
> and the brother
> of his
> suus: his, its
> suus
> suus: his, its
> of his
> were shining,
> radio: shine
> radiabant
> radio: shine
> were shining,
> Robert,
> Robertus: Robert
> Rotbertus
> Robertus: Robert
> Robert,
> and also
> pariter: equally, together; -que: and
> pariterque
> pariter: equally, together; -que: and
> and also
> count
> comes: count, earl
> comes
> comes: count, earl
> count
> Ragenar.
> Ragenarius: Ragenar, Ragenaire
> Ragenarius
> Ragenarius: Ragenar, Ragenaire
> Ragenar.
> There
> illic: there, that
> illic
> illic: there, that
> There
> also the pontiff’s
> pontifex: pontiff, high priest; -que: and
> Pontificisque
> pontifex: pontiff, high priest; -que: and
> also the pontiff’s
> nephew
> nepos: nephew
> nepos
> nepos: nephew
> nephew
> Ebles
> Ebolus: Ebles
> Ebolus
> Ebolus: Ebles
> Ebles
> [was?] a great
> fortis: strong, powerful, mighty
> fortissimus
> fortis: courageous, brave, bold
> [was?] a brave
> changed [persona].
> abeo / abii / abitis: changed, transformed, metamorphosed
> abba
> abbas / abba / abbates: abbot
> abbot.

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.66

#### De Bello Parisiaco 1.69

> Encrypted: There was dye on the bishop when he was shot at and struck in a performance act. There with one of his young soldiers it was resembled, Frederick, and he was struck in a play. But the soldiers had planned this, and the lord was only veiled as being injured.

> Official: There was a small wounding on the bishop when he was shot at and struck by a sharp arrow. There with one of his young soldiers it was similar, Frederick, he was struck by a sword. But the soldier perished, and the lord became healthy again.

> There [was]
> hic: this, these
> Hic
> hic: this, these
> There [was]
> dye
> medico: medicate, color, dye
> modicum
> modicus: moderate, small
> a small [wounding]
> [on] the bishop
> praesul: patron, prelate, bishop
> praesul
> praesul: patron, prelate, bishop
> [on] the bishop
> [when he] was shot at
> iaculor: hurl, cast, shoot at
> jaculo
> iaculor: hurl, cast, shoot at
> [when he] was shot at
> [and] struck
> palpo: stroke
> palpatus
> palpo: stroke
> [and] struck
> [in] a performance act.
> actus: performance, act
> acuto
> acutus: acute, sharp
> [by] a sharp [arrow?].
> There
> hic: this, these
> Hic
> hic: this, these
> There
> [with one of] his
> eius: his, her, its
> ejus
> eius: his, her, its
> [with one of] his
> young
> iuvenis: youth, young man
> juvenis
> iuvenis: youth, young man
> young
> soldiers
> miles: soldier
> miles
> miles: soldier
> soldiers
> [it] was resembled,
> similis: similar, like, resembling
> simili
> similis: similar, like, resembling
> [it] was similar,
> Frederick [??],
> fraudo: defraud, cheat; rica: veil
> Fredericus
> Fredericus: Frederick
> Frederick,
> [and he] was
> sum / est: be
> Est
> sum / est: be
> [he] was
> struck
> ico / ictus: strike
> ictus
> ico / ictus: strike
> struck
> [in] a play.
> colludium: collusion, playing together
> gladio
> gladius: sword
> [by] a sword.
> [But] the soldiers
> miles: soldier
> miles
> miles: soldier
> [But] the soldier
> had planned [this?],
> paro: prepare, plan
> periit
> pereo: perish, die
> perished,
> and the lord
> senior: senior; -que: and
> seniorque
> senior: senior; -que: and
> and the lord
> was [only] veiled [as being injured].
> con-: with; velo: veil, cover, conceal
> Convaluit
> con-: with; valeo: strong, healthy
> [became] healthy [again].

> De Bello Parisiaco 1.69

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