Herodot: Histories
The Histories by Herodotus tell how the Phoenicians evolved ruling by deception over 3 stages, and used it to secretly colonize Greece.
Introduction
The famous Histories by the Greek scholar Herodot are one of the most important history texts from classical times, falling just short of being a universal history. As usual, the whole text is pun-encrypted, and tells the history of ruling by deception, apparently even how the Phoenicians secretly colonized Greece.
The text is incredibly hard to decrypt, because the names “Phoenicians”, “Greeks”, “Persians” also all pun with words that have to do with deception. In some instances, they seem to be meant literally, but in other cases the literal meaning doesn’t make sense.
It doesn’t help that the text is extremely unspecific, and mostly talks in very vague terms about how rulers can generally deceive the lower multitudes.
However, Herodot clearly structures the evolution of ruling by deception into 3 stages:
- At first, the corrupt rulers just pretend to be kind rulers. Here, they’re still publicly known as aristocrats.
- Then, the rulers imitate commoners, and pretend to be common-born leaders. That way, they’re also rulers, but unconnected to the old aristocracy.
- Finally, the rulers pretend not to be rulers at all. In this final stage, all important decisions are made by hidden overlords, who are not officially rulers.
We can see from pretty much all of my research that it was really the Phoenicians who had advanced to that last stage with their secret colonization of the world. In older empires such as Egypt & Sumer, the rulers also ruled by deception, but most were still very visible as rulers, and only disguised their corruption.
How to read this
- In the interlinear word-by-word translation, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
- Use the to choose your level: for secret meaning only, for secret & official English texts, for word-by-word vocabulary, for original text & glyphs.
- Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
- Official meaning is marked with light green.
- Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
- Please read the introduction, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
- Religious readers should proceed with care.
Phoenicians conquer Greece in disguise
1st stage of deception: corrupt rulers pretend to be likeable.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.1.a
Encrypted: Of the advantaged elites, indeed now their learned men say that the Phoenicians were responsible, they say, for what became the big advantage.
Official: Of the Persians, indeed now their learned men say that the Phoenicians were responsible, they say, for what became the big dispute.
Of the advantaged [elites???],
περισσευω / περισσευων perisseuō / perisseuōn: superior, have the advantage
Περσεων Perseōn
Περσης / Περσεων Persēs / Perseōn: Persian
Of the Persians,
indeed
μεν men: indeed
μεν men
μεν men: indeed
indeed
now
νυν nyn: now
νυν nyn
νυν nyn: now
now
[their]
ὁ / οἱ ho / hoi: the, he
οἱ hoi
ὁ / οἱ ho / hoi: the, he
[their]
learned [men]
λογιος logios: learned
λογιοι logioi
λογιος logios: learned
learned [men]
[say that] the Phoenicians [???]
Φοινιξ Phoinix: Phoenician
Φοινικας Phoinikas
Φοινιξ Phoinix: Phoenician
[say that] the Phoenicians
were responsible,
αιτιος aitios: responsible, causing
αιτιους aitious
αιτιος aitios: responsible, causing
were responsible,
[they] say,
φημι / φασι phēmi / phasi: say
φασι phasi
φημι / φασι phēmi / phasi: say
[they] say,
[for what] became
γιγνομαι / γενεσθαι gignomai / genesthai: become
γενεσθαι genesthai
γιγνομαι / γενεσθαι gignomai / genesthai: become
[for what] became
the
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
the
[big] advantage.
διαφορα diaphora: distinction, advantage, profit
διαφορης diaphorēs
διαφορα diaphora: difference, disagreement, dispute
[big] dispute.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.1.b
Encrypted: They from that which merely coloring up oneself was called that deception, they came onto here this complete deception, and settled in here this appearance that also still now they are settled in. And from that time on, counterfeit covers great they have put on themselves.
Official: They from that which Erythraean Sea was called that sea, they came onto here this sea, and inhabited here the region that also still now they inhabit. And at once, sailing voyages long they put themselves to.
They
ουτος / τουτους houtos / toutous: this, here, the latter
τουτους toutous
ουτος / τουτους houtos / toutous: this, here, the latter
They
γαρ gar: for, indeed
γαρ gar
γαρ gar: for, indeed
from
απο apo: from, by, with
απο apo
απο apo: from, by, with
from
that
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
that
[which merely?] coloring up [oneself?]
ερυθριαω erythriaō: blush, colour up
Ερυθρης Erythrēs
Ερυθραι Erythrai: Erythrae; ερυθρος erythros: red
[which] Erythraean [Sea]
was called
καλεω / καλεομενης kaleō / kaleomenēs: call, summon
καλεομενης kaleomenēs
καλεω / καλεομενης kaleō / kaleomenēs: call, summon
was called
[that] deception [?],
δολωσις dolōsis: tricking, deception
θαλασσης thalassēs
θαλασσα / θαλασσης thalassa / thalassēs: sea
[that] sea,
they came
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: arrive, come
απικομενους apikomenous
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: arrive, come
they came
onto
επι epi: on, upon
επι epi
επι epi: on, upon
onto
here
ὁδε / τηνδε hode / tēnde: this, here
τηνδε tēnde
ὁδε / τηνδε hode / tēnde: this, here
here
this
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, that
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, that
this
[complete?] deception,
δολωσις / δολωσιν dolōsis / dolōsin: tricking, deception
θαλασσαν thalassan
θαλασσα / θαλασσαν thalassa / thalassan: sea
sea,
and
και kai: and
και kai
και kai: and
and
settled in
οικεω / οικεουσι oikeō / oikeousi: settle in
οικησαντας oikēsantas
οικεω / οικησαντας oikeō / oikēsantas: inhabit
inhabited
here
ουτος / τουτον houtos / touton: this, here, the latter
τουτον touton
ουτος / τουτον houtos / touton: this, here, the latter
here
this
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
τον ton
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
the
appearance
χροια / χροια / χροιην chroia / chroia / chroiēn: surface, superficial appearance
χωρον chōron
χωρος / χωρον chōros / chōron: space, region
region
that
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
τον ton
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
that
also
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
also
[still] now
νυν nyn: now
νυν nyn
νυν nyn: now
[still] now
[they] are settled in.
οικεω / οικεουσι oikeō / oikeousi: settle in
οικεουσι oikeousi
οικεω / οικεουσι oikeō / oikeousi: inhabit
[they] inhabit.
[And from] that time [on],
αυτικα autika: at once, at this very time
αυτικα autika
αυτικα autika: at once, at this very time
[And] at once,
counterfeit covers [???]
νοθος / νοθι nothos / nothi: counterfeit; ειλυω / ειλυωσι eilyō / eilyōsi: wrap, cover
ναυτιλιησι nautiliēsi
ναυτιλια / ναυτιλιησι nautilia / nautiliēsi: sailing
sailing [voyages]
great
μακρος makros: long, great
μακρησι makrēsi
μακρος makros: long, great
long
[they] have put on themselves.
επιτιθημι epitithēmi: put on oneself
επιθεσθαι epithesthai
επιτιθημι epitithēmi: set oneself to
[they] put themselves to.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.1.c
Encrypted: Descendants of common, loveable people and also of little people, and also of people from the other places, that was what they became then, and so turned themselves into upright people.
Official: Tributes and freights of Egyptian and also Assyrian wares, and also of among other places, that was what they came upon then, and to Argos.
Descendants
απογονος apogonos: born from, descendant, offspring
απαγινεοντας apagineontas
απαγινεω apagineō: pay tribute
Tributes
[of]
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
and
common,
φορτος / φορτον phortos / phorton: something common, low, coarse, vulgar
φορτια phortia
φορτιον phortion: load, burden, freight
freights
loveable [people]
αγαπητος agapētos: beloved, loveable
Αιγυπτια Aigyptia
Αιγυπτιος Aigyptios: Egyptian
of Egyptian
and
τε te: and
τε te
τε te: and
and
also
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
also
of little [people],
αησυρος aēsyros: small, little
Ασσυρια Assyria
Ασσυρια Assyria: Assyria
Assyrian [wares],
[and]
τη tē: here, there
τη tē
τη tē: here, there
[and]
also
τε te: and
τε te
τε te: and
also
of [people from] the other [places??],
αλλος allos: other, another
αλλη allē
αλλος allos: other, another
of [among] other [places],
[that was what they be]came
εισαφικνεομαι eisaphikneomai: come into, come to
εσαπικνεεσθαι esapikneesthai
εισαφικνεομαι eisaphikneomai: come into, come to
[that was what they] came [upon]
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
then,
δη dē: and, but, now
δη dē
δη dē: and, but, now
then,
and
και kai: and
και kai
και kai: and
and
[so turned themselves?] into
εις / ες eis / es: into
ες es
εις / ες eis / es: into
to
upright [people].
ευεργος euergos: doing good, upright
Αργος Argos
Αργος Argos: Argos
Argos.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.2.a
Encrypted: Being upright people, this was what at that time they put forward as a pretext overall, in that what now Greece is called that place.
Official: To Argos, which at that time was preeminent overall, in that what now Greece is called that place.
[Being]
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το to
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
[To]
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
upright [people],
ευεργος euergos: doing good, upright
Αργος Argos
Αργος Argos: Argos
Argos,
this [was what]
ουτος houtos: this
τουτον touton
ουτος houtos: this
which
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
τον ton
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
[at that] time
χρονος chronos: time
χρονον chronon
χρονος chronos: time
[at that] time
[they] put forward as a pretext
προεχω proechō: put forward as a pretext
προειχε proeiche
προεχω proechō: hold before
was preeminent
overall,
ἁπας hapas: whole
ἁπασι hapasi
ἁπας hapas: whole
overall,
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
των tōn
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
in
εν en: in, into, before
εν en
εν en: in, into, before
in
that
ὁ / τη ho / tē: the, he
τη tē
ὁ / τη ho / tē: the, he
that
[what] now
νυν nyn: now
νυν nyn
νυν nyn: now
[what] now
Greece [???]
Ἑλλας Hellas: Greece
Ἑλλαδι Helladi
Ἑλλας Hellas: Greece
Greece
is called
καλεω kaleō: call, summon
καλεομενη kaleomenē
καλεω kaleō: call, summon
is called
that place.
χωρα chōra: place
χωρη chōrē
χωρα chōra: place
that place.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.2.b
Encrypted: There arrived the Phoenicians in all their shininess, and arranged their mockery.
Official: There arrived the Phoenicians in Argos, and arranged their cargo.
[There] arrived
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: arrive, come
απικομενους apikomenous
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: arrive, come
[There] arrived
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
the
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
τους tous
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
the
Phoenicians [???]
Φοινιξ Phoinix: Phoenician
Φοινικας Phoinikas
Φοινιξ Phoinix: Phoenician
Phoenicians
in
εις eis: into
ες es
εις eis: into
in
δη dē: and, but
δη dē
δη dē: and, but
[all their]
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το to
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
shininess [??],
αργος argos: shining, glistening
Αργος Argos
Αργος Argos: Argos
Argos,
ουτος houtos: this
τουτο touto
ουτος houtos: this
[and] arranged
διατιθημι diatithēmi: set forth, arrange
διατιθεσθαι diatithesthai
διατιθημι diatithēmi: set forth, arrange
[and] arranged
their
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
τον ton
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
their
mockery.
φορτος phortos: vulgar stuff, rubbish, gross mockery
φορτον phorton
φορτος phortos: load, freight, cargo
cargo.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.3.a
Encrypted: By attack or by supplication they subdued people, and from that came to be betrayed by them nearly all, and they also came to be the willingly accepted nobility of other peoples many, and indeed also came to this ruling by false charm.
Official: On the fifth or on the sixth day, from that came to be sold off by them nearly all wares, and there also came to the sea women others many, and indeed also came the king’s daughter.
[By] attack
πιπτω / πιπτωμεν piptō / piptōmen: fall, attack
πεμπτη pemptē
πεμπτος / πεμπτη pemptos / pemptē: fifth
[On] the fifth
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
or
η ē: or, than, as
η ē
η ē: or, than, as
or
[by] supplication
ἱκετευω hiketeuō: supplicate, beseech; ἱκετης hiketēs: suppliant
ἑκτη hektē
ἑκτος hektos: sixth
[on] the sixth
[they] subdued [people],
ἡμεροω hēmeroō: tame, soften, subdue
ἡμερη hēmerē
ἡμερα hēmera: day
day,
[and] from
απο apo: from, away from
απ ap
απο apo: from, away from
from
that
ὁς / ἡς hos / hēs: who, which, that
ἡς hēs
ὁς / ἡς hos / hēs: who, which, that
that
came
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: arrive, come
απικοντο apikonto
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: arrive, come
came
to be betrayed
εξεμπολαω exempolaō: betrayed
εξεμπολημενων exempolēmenōn
εξεμπολαω exempolaō: sell off
to be sold off
[by] them
σφεις spheis: they
σφι sphi
σφεις spheis: they
[by] them
nearly
σχεδον schedon: nearly, almost
σχεδον schedon
σχεδον schedon: nearly, almost
nearly
all,
πας / παντων pas / pantōn: all
παντων pantōn
πας / παντων pas / pantōn: all
all [wares],
[and they also] came
ερχομαι erchomai: come, go
ελθειν elthein
ερχομαι erchomai: come, go
[and there also] came
to [be?]
επι epi: on, with, against
επι epi
επι epi: on, with, against
to
the
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
the
willingly [accepted???]
θελησις thelēsis: willing, will
θαλασσαν thalassan
θαλασσα thalassa: sea
sea
nobility [??]
γεννικος gennikos: noble; γενναιος / γενναιαι gennaios / gennaiai: noble, nobility
γυναικας gynaikas
γυνη / γυναικος / γυναι gynē / gynaikos / gynai: woman
women
of other [peoples?]
αλλος allos: other, another
αλλας allas
αλλος allos: other, another
others
τε te: and, also
τε te
τε te: and, also
many,
πολυς polys: many
πολλας pollas
πολυς polys: many
many,
and
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
and
indeed
δη dē: now, indeed
δη dē
δη dē: now, indeed
indeed
also
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
also
[came to] this
ὁ / του ho / tou: the, he
του tou
ὁ / του ho / tou: the, he
[came] the
ruling
βασιλευω basileuō: rule, reign
βασιλεος basileos
βασιλευς basileus: king, chief
king’s
[by false] charm [???].
θελκτηρ thelktēr: charmer; θελγω / θελγεται thelgō / thelgetai: charm, beguile, deceive
θυγατερα thygatera
θυγατηρ thygatēr: daughter
daughter.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.3.b
Encrypted: Its pretext was, according to them, to also by the masses, said to be “Perceived as Kind”.
Official: Her name was, according to them and also the Greeks, said to be “Io of Inachus”.
Its
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το to
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
Her
δε de: but
δε de
δε de: but
ὁ / οἱ ho / hoi: the, he
οἱ hoi
ὁ / οἱ ho / hoi: the, he
pretext
ονομα onoma: false name, pretence, pretext
ουνομα ounoma
ονομα onoma: name
name
was,
ειμι / ειναι eimi / einai: be
ειναι einai
ειμι / ειναι eimi / einai: be
was,
according
κατα kata: according
κατα kata
κατα kata: according
according
to them,
αυτος autos: self
τωυτο tōuto
αυτος autos: self
to them
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το to
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
[to] also
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
and also
[by?] the masses [??],
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλληνες Hellēnes
Ἑλλην Hellēn: Hellen, Greek
the Greeks,
said [to be]
λεγω legō: say, speak
λεγουσι legousi
λεγω legō: say, speak
said [to be]
“Perceived
αιω aiō: perceive, see, hear, obey
Ιουν Ioun
Ιω Iō: Io
“Io
[as]
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
[of]
Kind” [??].
ευνοικος eunoikos: well-disposed, kindly, favourable
Ιναχου Inachou
Ιναχος Inachos: Inachus
Inachus”.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.4.a
Encrypted: As these tricks stood at the bottom of the design to scorn the commoners, which was what they desired most, the Phoenicians encouraged and urged each other onto them.
Official: As these women stood at the stern of the ship to buy of the cargo that which they desired most, the Phoenicians encouraged and urged each other onto them.
[As] these [tricks]
ουτος houtos: this
ταυτας tautas
ουτος houtos: this
[As] these [women]
stood
ἱστημι histēmi: make to stand
στασας stasas
ἱστημι histēmi: make to stand
stood
at
κατα kata: against, into, upon
κατα kata
κατα kata: against, into, upon
at
the bottom
πρυμνα prymna: stern, bottom
πρυμνην prymnēn
πρυμνα prymna: stern, bottom
the stern
of the
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
of the
design
νοος noos: mind, perception, design
νεος neos
ναυς naus: ship
ship
to scorn
ονομαι onomai: blame, treat scornfully
ωνεεσθαι ōneesthai
ωνεομαι ōneomai: buy, purchase
to buy
the
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
των tōn
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
[of] the
commoners,
φορτος phortos: something common, low, coarse, vulgar
φορτιων phortiōn
φορτος phortos: load, freight, cargo
cargo
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
των tōn
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
[which was what] they
σφεις / σφι spheis / sphi: they
σφι sphi
σφεις / σφι spheis / sphi: they
[that which] they
ειμι / ην eimi / ēn: be
ην ēn
ειμι / ην eimi / ēn: be
desired
θυμος thymos: heart, soul, mind, will, desire
θυμος thymos
θυμος thymos: heart, soul, mind, will, desire
desired
most,
μαλιστα malista: most
μαλιστα malista
μαλιστα malista: most
most,
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
the
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
τους tous
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
the
Phoenicians [???]
Φοινιξ / Φοινικας Phoinix / Phoinikas: Phoenician
Φοινικας Phoinikas
Φοινιξ / Φοινικας Phoinix / Phoinikas: Phoenician
Phoenicians
encouraged
διακελευομαι diakeleuomai: give orders, direct, encourage one another
διακελευσαμενους diakeleusamenous
διακελευομαι diakeleuomai: give orders, direct, encourage one another
encouraged
[and] urged each other
ὁρμαω hormaō: urge on, cheer on
ὁρμησαι hormēsai
ὁρμαω hormaō: urge on, cheer on
[and] urged each other
onto
επι epi: on, upon
επ ep
επι epi: on, upon
onto
them.
αυτος autos: self
αυτας autas
αυτος autos: self
them.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.4.b
Encrypted: However, many of their nobility at first shunned such tricks, but then their obedience with other places’ peoples was then snatched away.
Official: However, many of the women escaped, but Io with other women was then snatched away.
ὁ / τας ho / tas: the, he
τας tas
ὁ / τας ho / tas: the, he
However,
μεν men: indeed, yet, however
μεν men
μεν men: indeed, yet, however
However,
δη dē: now, indeed
δη dē
δη dē: now, indeed
many
πλειων pleiōn: more
πλευνας pleunas
πλειων pleiōn: more
many
of [their]
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
των tōn
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
of the
nobility
γεννικος gennikos: noble; γενναιος / γενναιαι gennaios / gennaiai: noble, nobility
γυναικων gynaikōn
γυνη / γυναικος / γυναι gynē / gynaikos / gynai: woman
women
[at first?] shunned [such tricks],
ὑποφευγω hypopheugō: shun, withdraw
αποφυγειν apophygein
αποφευγω apopheugō: flee from, escape
escaped,
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
but
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
but
[then their] obedience
αιω aiō: perceive, see, hear, listen to, obey
Ιουν Ioun
Ιω Iō: Io
Io
with
συν syn: beside, with
συν syn
συν syn: beside, with
with
other [places’ peoples?]
αλλος allos: other, another
αλλησι allēsi
αλλος allos: other, another
other [women]
was [then] snatched away.
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
ἁρπασθηναι harpasthēnai
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
was [then] snatched away.
Herodot: Histories 1.1.4.c
Encrypted: So finally they threw themselves into this perception, which went on the surface to be likeable.
Official: They were thrown into the ship, which went and sailed off to Egypt.
[So finally they] threw themselves
εισβαλλω eisballō: throw into, throw oneself into
εσβαλομενους esbalomenous
εισβαλλω eisballō: throw into, throw oneself into
[They] were thrown
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
into
εις eis: into
ες es
εις eis: into
into
[this]
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
the
perception,
νοος noos: mind, perception, design
νεα nea
ναυς naus: ship
ship,
[which] went
οιχομαι oichomai: be gone
οιχεσθαι oichesthai
οιχομαι oichomai: be gone
[which] went
on the surface
επιπολαιος epipolaios: on the surface, superficial
αποπλεοντας apopleontas
αποπλεω / αποπλεοις apopleō / apopleois: sail away, sail off
[and] sailed off
to
επι epi: on, upon
επ ep
επι epi: on, upon
to
be likeable.
αγαπητεος agapēteos: loved, desired; αγαπαω agapaō: love, like
Αιγυπτου Aigyptou
Αιγυπτιος Aigyptios: Egyptian
Egypt.
Herodot: Histories 1.2.1.a
Encrypted: In this way, their perception into being likeable did come, but they would still say to be advantaged elites and not to be like the masses, but this was only the pretense first in the beginning.
Official: In this way, Io into Egypt did come, say the Persians but not like this say it the Greeks, and this was the misdeed first in the beginning.
In this way,
ουτως houtōs: in this way
οὑτω houtō
ουτως houtōs: in this way
In this way,
μεν men: indeed
μεν men
μεν men: indeed
[their] perception
αιω aiō: perceive, see, hear, listen to, obey
Ιουν Ioun
Ιω Iō: Io
Io
into
εις eis: into
ες es
εις eis: into
into
being likeable
αγαπητεος agapēteos: loved, desired; αγαπαω agapaō: love, like
Αιγυπτον Aigypton
Αιγυπτιος Aigyptios: Egyptian
Egypt
did come,
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: arrive at, come to, reach
απικεσθαι apikesthai
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: arrive at, come to, reach
did come,
[but they would still??] say
λεγω legō: gather, pick up, choose for oneself
λεγουσι legousi
λεγω legō: say, speak
say
[to be??] advantaged [elites?]
περισσευω / περισσευων perisseuō / perisseuōn: superior, have the advantage
Περσαι Persai
Περσης / Περσεων Persēs / Perseōn: Persian
the Persians
[and] not
ου / ουκ ou / ouk: not
ουκ ouk
ου / ουκ ou / ouk: not
[but] not
[to be] like
ὡς hōs: like as, just as
ὡς hōs
ὡς hōs: like as, just as
like [this say it]
the masses,
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλληνες Hellēnes
Ἑλλην Hellēn: Hellen, Greek
the Greeks,
but [this was only]
και kai: and, also, but
και kai
και kai: and, also, but
and [this was]
the
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
των tōn
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
the
pretense
δοκεω / εδοκουμεθα dokeō / edokoumetha: seem, pretend, dissimulate; δοκημα / δοκηματων dokēma / dokēmatōn: appearance
αδικηματων adikēmatōn
αδικημα / αδικηματων adikēma / adikēmatōn: wrong done, misdeed
misdeed
first
πρωτος prōtos: first
πρωτον prōton
πρωτος prōtos: first
first
[in]
ουτος houtos: this
τουτο touto
ουτος houtos: this
[in]
the beginning.
αρχω archō: first, begin
αρξαι arxai
αρχω archō: first, begin
the beginning.
2nd stage of deception: rulers pretend to be like commoners.
Herodot: Histories 1.2.1.b
Encrypted: But after this, to be of the masses, so that who they were people would not have any names to tell, their appearance to this cheating and into smoothing it they turned, and adopted this ruling of deception by going down to the level of commoners. As to who they really were, they still would have been powerful rulers. But with this trick, indeed now equals among equals they had become with the masses. And after this, of the masses the ways & manners the second pretense would become.
Official: But after this, some Greeks, who they were they do not have any names to tell, it is stated to Phoenicia and into Tyre they brought a ship and carried off the king’s daughter Europa. As to who they were, they might have been Cretans. With this, indeed now an equal deed against an equal deed they had become. And after this, the Greeks were responsible for the second wrongdoing they would become.
[But] after
μετα meta: after, with
μετα meta
μετα meta: after, with
[But] after
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
this,
ουτος houtos: this
ταυτα tauta
ουτος houtos: this
this,
[to be of??] the masses [??],
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλληνων Hellēnōn
Ἑλλην Hellēn: Hellen, Greek
[some] Greeks,
[so that] who [they were]
τις tis: who
τινας tinas
τις tis: who
who [they were]
[people would] not
ου ou: not
ου ou
ου ou: not
[they do] not
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
γαρ gar
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
have
εχω echō: have
εχουσι echousi
εχω echō: have
have
[any] names
ονομα onoma: name; ονομαζω onomazō: call
τουνομα tounoma
ονομα onoma: name; ονομαζω onomazō: call
[any] names
to tell,
αφηγεομαι aphēgeomai: tell, explain
απηγησασθαι apēgēsasthai
αφηγεομαι aphēgeomai: tell, explain
to tell,
[their] appearance
φασις phasis: appearance
φασι phasi
φασις phasis: statement, expression
[it is] stated
[to]
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
[to]
[this] cheating
φεναξ phenax: cheat, impostor
Φοινικης Phoinikēs
Φοινιξ Phoinix: Phoenician; Φοινικη Phoinikē: Phoenicia
Phoenicia
[and] into
εις eis: into
ες es
εις eis: into
[and] into
smoothing [it?]
τερην terēn: smooth
Τυρον Tyron
Τυρος / Τυρον Tyros / Tyron: Tyre
Tyre
[they] turned,
προσεχω prosechō: turn towards
προσσχοντας prosschontas
προσεχω prosechō: bring to
[they] brought [a ship]
[and] adopted
ἁρπαζω harpazō: seize, adopt
ἁρπασαι harpasai
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
[and] carried off
this
ὁ / του ho / tou: the, he
του tou
ὁ / του ho / tou: the, he
the
ruling
βασιλευω basileuō: rule, reign
βασιλεος basileos
βασιλευς basileus: king, chief
king’s
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
of deception [???]
θελκτηρ thelktēr: charmer; θελγω / θελγεται thelgō / thelgetai: charm, beguile, deceive
θυγατερα thygatera
θυγατηρ thygatēr: daughter
daughter
[by] going down [to the level of commoners???].
ερειπω ereipō: throw down, fall down; ῥεπω / ερεπε rhepō / erepe: incline downwards, sink
Ευρωπην Eurōpēn
Ευρωπη Eurōpē: Europa, Europe
Europa.
[As to who they really?] were,
ειμι eimi: be
ειησαν eiēsan
ειμι eimi: be
[As to who they] were,
δε de: and, but
δ d
δε de: and, but
[they still] would have been
αν an: would be
αν an
αν an: would be
[they] might have been
ουτος houtos: this
οὑτοι houtoi
ουτος houtos: this
powerful rulers [???].
κρατος kratos: might, power, rule; ακρατης akratēs: powerless
Κρητες Krētes
Κρης / Κρητες Krēs / Krētes: Cretan
Cretans.
[But with] this [trick],
ουτος houtos: this
ταυτα tauta
ουτος houtos: this
[With] this,
indeed
μεν men: indeed
μεν men
μεν men: indeed
indeed
now
δη dē: now, indeed
δη dē
δη dē: now, indeed
now
equals
ισος isos: equal; ισαζω isazō: make equal, balance
ισα isa
ισος isos: equal; ισαζω isazō: make equal, balance
an equal [deed]
among
προς pros: among
προς pros
προς pros: against, at, to
against
equals
ισος isos: equal; ισαζω isazō: make equal, balance
ισα isa
ισος isos: equal; ισαζω isazō: make equal, balance
an equal [deed]
they
σφεις spheis: they
σφι sphi
σφεις spheis: they
they
had become [with the masses].
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
γενεσθαι genesthai
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
had become.
[And] after
μετα meta: after, with
μετα meta
μετα meta: after, with
[And] after
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
this,
ουτος houtos: this
ταυτα tauta
ουτος houtos: this
this,
of the masses
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλληνας Hellēnas
Ἑλλην Hellēn: Hellen, Greek
the Greeks
the ways & manners
αυτως autōs: in like manner, in the same way
αιτιους aitious
αιτιος aitios: culpable, responsible
were responsible [for]
the
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
the
second
δευτερος deuteros: second, next
δευτερης deuterēs
δευτερος deuteros: second, next
second
pretense
δοκεω / εδοκεε dokeō / edokee: seem, pretend, dissimulate
αδικιης adikiēs
αδικια adikia: wrong-doing, injustice
wrongdoing
[would] become.
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
γενεσθαι genesthai
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
[they would] become.
Herodot: Histories 1.2.2.a
Encrypted: They plastered it over with a great design on the perception of the covering, and on the old appearance that was already pleasant. Then they destroyed the other older appearances because they had come to use the adopted ruling of deception by being nobodies.
Official: They sailed with a long ship into the city Aea of the Colchians, and on the Phasis river. Then when they had finished the other things because of which they had come, they snatched away the king’s daughter Medea.
[They] plastered [it] over
καταπλασσω / καταπλασσαν kataplassō / kataplassan: plaster over with
καταπλωσαντας kataplōsantas
καταπλεω / καταπλευσαν katapleō / katapleusan: to sail down
[They] sailed
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
γαρ gar
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
[with] a great
μακρος makros: long, great
μακρη makrē
μακρος makros: long, great
[with] a long
design
νοος noos: mind, perception, design
νηι nēi
ναυς naus: ship
ship
on
εις eis: into, to, on, upon, in regard to
ες es
εις eis: into, to, on, upon, in regard to
into
the perception
αιω / αιας aiō / aias: see, hear, perceive
Αιαν Aian
Αια Aia: Aea
[the city] Aea
[of]
τε te: and, also
τε te
τε te: and, also
[of]
the
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
the
covering [??],
καλυξ kalyx: shell, covering
Κολχιδα Kolchida
Κολχος Kolchos: Colchian
Colchians,
and
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
and
on
επι epi: on, with, against
επι epi
επι epi: on, with, against
on
the [old?] appearance
φασις phasis: appearance
Φασιν Phasin
Φασις Phasis: Phasis
the Phasis
[that was already?] pleasant.
ποτιμος potimos: sweet, pleasant, mild, gentle
ποταμον potamon
ποταμος potamos: river, stream
river.
Then
εντευθεν enteuthen: thereupon
ενθευτεν entheuten
εντευθεν enteuthen: thereupon
Then
[they] destroyed
διαπρασσω diaprassō: destroy
διαπρηξαμενους diaprēxamenous
διαπρασσω diaprassō: finish
[when they] had finished
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
the other [older appearances?]
αλλος allos: other, another
ταλλα talla
αλλος allos: other, another
the other [things?]
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
των tōn
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
because
ἑνεκα heneka: because of
εἱνεκεν heineken
ἑνεκα heneka: because of
because [of which]
[they] had come [to use??]
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: come into a certain condition
απικατο apikato
αφικνεομαι aphikneomai: arrive, come
[they] had come,
the adopted [??]
ἁρπαζω harpazō: seize, adopt
ἁρπασαι harpasai
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off
[they] snatched away
ὁ / του ho / tou: the, he
του tou
ὁ / του ho / tou: the, he
the
ruling
βασιλευω basileuō: rule, reign
βασιλεος basileos
βασιλευς basileus: king, chief
king’s
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
of deception [???]
θελκτηρ thelktēr: charmer; θελγω / θελγεται thelgō / thelgetai: charm, beguile, deceive
θυγατερα thygatera
θυγατηρ thygatēr: daughter
daughter
[by being] nobodies [???].
μηδεις / μηδεν mēdeis / mēden: nobody, good-for-nothing
Μηδειην Mēdeiēn
Μηδεια / Μηδειην Mēdeia / Mēdeiēn: Medea
Medea.
3rd stage of deception: rulers pretend not to be rulers.
Herodot: Histories 1.2.3.a
Encrypted: Then were sent the covered-up rulers into the crowds under cover, to claim control of the captives and to cheat the ones to be conquered. And they then pretended that it was just like as if they had not then — in the perception of the servants — been appointed to them as governors, so for this seduction also not they would have to show it.
Official: Then sent the Colchian king into Greece a messenger, to demand justice for the robbery and to demand back his daughter. But they replied that just like they themselves had not in that other case for Io of Argos been given to them justice, so for this robbery also not they would give it.
[Then] were sent [??]
πεμπω pempō: send, send forth, produce
πεμψαντα pempsanta
πεμπω pempō: send, send forth, produce
[Then] sent
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
the
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
τον ton
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
the
covered-up [???]
καλυξ kalyx: shell, covering
Κολχων Kolchōn
Κολχος Kolchos: Colchian
Colchian
rulers
βασιλευς basileus: king, chief
βασιλεα basilea
βασιλευς basileus: king, chief
king
into
εις eis: into
ες es
εις eis: into
into
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
the crowds
ἁλις halis: swarms, crowds
Ἑλλαδα Hellada
Ἑλλας Hellas: Hellas, Greece
Greece
[under] cover [???],
καλυξ kalyx: shell, covering
κηρυκα kēryka
κηρυξ kēryx: herald, crier, messenger
a messenger,
to claim
αιτεω aiteō: claim, borrowed
αιτεειν aiteein
αιτεω aiteō: ask, demand
to demand
τε te: and, also
τε te
τε te: and, also
control
διοικεω dioikeō: manage, control, govern
δικας dikas
δικη dikē: justice
justice
[of] the
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
[for] the
captives [???]
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate
ἁρπαγης harpagēs
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
robbery
and
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
and
to cheat
απαταω apataō: cheat, trick, beguile, deceive
απαιτεειν apaiteein
απαιτεω apaiteō: demand back
to demand back
the
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
[his]
[ones to be??] conquered [???].
τριακτηρ triaktēr: victor; τριαζω / τριαχθη triazō / triachthē: conquer
θυγατερα thygatera
θυγατηρ thygatēr: daughter
daughter.
[And] they
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
τους tous
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
[But] they
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
[then] pretended [that]
ὑποκρινομαι hypokrinomai: play a part, feign, pretend
ὑποκρινασθαι hypokrinasthai
ὑποκρινομαι hypokrinomai: reply, answer
replied [that]
[it was] just like as if
ὡς hōs: just like, as if
ὡς hōs
ὡς hōs: like as, just as
just like
[they had] not
ουδε oude: and not, but not
ουδε oude
ουδε oude: and not, but not
[they themselves had] not
then
εκεινος ekeinos: that, there, in that case
εκεινοι ekeinoi
εκεινος ekeinos: that, there, in that case
in that [other] case
— [in] the perception
αιω aiō: perceive, see, hear, listen to, obey
Ιους Ious
Ιω Iō: Io
[for] Io
[of]
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
[of]
the servants —
αρωγος arōgos: aiding, helper, serviceable; αρηγω / αρηγοις arēgō / arēgois: aid, help
Αργειης Argeiēs
Αργος Argos: Argos
Argos
been appointed
διδωμι didōmi: grant, appoint
εδοσαν edosan
διδωμι didōmi: give
been given
to them
σφεις spheis: they
σφι sphi
σφεις spheis: they
to them
[as] governors,
διοικεω dioikeō: manage, control, govern
δικας dikas
δικη dikē: justice
justice,
[so for] this
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
[so for] this
seduction
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπαγης harpagēs
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
robbery
also not
ουδε oude: and not, but not
ουδε oude
ουδε oude: and not, but not
also not
ειμι eimi: be
ων ōn
ειμι eimi: be
they
αυτος autos: self
αυτοι autoi
αυτος autos: self
they
[would have to] show
διδωμι didōmi: present, show
δωσειν dōsein
διδωμι didōmi: give
[would] give
it.
εκεινος ekeinos: that, there
εκεινοισι ekeinoisi
εκεινος ekeinos: that, there
it.
Herodot: Histories 1.3.1.a
Encrypted: In that next trick, they say, in the next generation after this, the Defense of the Men who are Chiefs gave way to this, and they also wanted from the crowds through seduction only to become their nobility, as they knew altogether that like this not they would be shown as governors. And not indeed it was shown any more.
Official: In the next one, they say, in the next generation after this, Alexander son of Priam heard this, and he also wanted from Greece through robbery to become husband of a woman, as he knew altogether that not could be given to him any punishment. And not indeed it was given.
[In that] next [trick],
δευτερος deuteros: second, next
δευτερη deuterē
δευτερος deuteros: second, next
[In the] next [one],
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
[they] say,
λεγω legō: to say, speak
λεγουσι legousi
λεγω legō: to say, speak
[they] say,
[in the next] generation
γενεα genea: race, family
γενεη geneē
γενεα genea: race, family
[in the next] generation
after
μετα meta: after, with
μετα meta
μετα meta: after, with
after
this,
ουτος houtos: this
ταυτα tauta
ουτος houtos: this
this,
the Defense of the Men
αλεξω alexō: ward off, defend; ανδρειος andreios: of a man
Αλεξανδρον Alexandron
Αλεξανδρος Alexandros: Alexander
Alexander
[who are?]
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
τον ton
ὁ / τον ho / ton: the, he
[son of?]
Chiefs
προμος promos: foremost man, chief
Πριαμου Priamou
Πριαμος Priamos: Priam
Priam
gave way to [???]
εικω eikō: yield, give way, retire, shrink
ακηκοοτα akēkoota
ακουω akouō: hear
heard
this,
ουτος houtos: this
ταυτα tauta
ουτος houtos: this
this,
[and they also] wanted
εθελω ethelō: wish, will
εθελησαι ethelēsai
εθελω ethelō: wish, will
[and he also] wanted
ὁ / οἱ ho / hoi: the, he
οἱ hoi
ὁ / οἱ ho / hoi: the, he
from
εκ ek: from, out of
εκ ek
εκ ek: from, out of
from
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
the crowds
ἁλις halis: in swarms, in crowds; ἁλης halēs: thronged, crowded, in a mass
Ἑλλαδος Hellados
Ἑλλας Hellas: Hellas, Greece
Greece
through
δια dia: through
δι di
δια dia: through
through
seduction [only]
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπαγης harpagēs
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
robbery
to become
γιγνομαι gignomai: become, happen
γενεσθαι genesthai
γιγνομαι gignomai: become, happen
to become [husband of?]
[their?] nobility,
γεννικος gennikos: noble; γενναιος / γενναιαι gennaios / gennaiai: noble, nobility
γυναικα gynaika
γυνη / γυναικος / γυναι gynē / gynaikos / gynai: woman
a woman,
[as they] knew
εφιστημι / επισταμενον ephistēmi / epistamenon: set up, place upon; επισταμαι / επισταμενον epistamai / epistamenon: know
επισταμενον epistamenon
εφιστημι / επισταμενον ephistēmi / epistamenon: set up, place upon; επισταμαι / επισταμενον epistamai / epistamenon: know
[as he] knew
altogether
παντως pantōs: altogether
παντως pantōs
παντως pantōs: altogether
altogether
that [like this]
ὁτι hoti: that, seeing that
ὁτι hoti
ὁτι hoti: that, seeing that
that
not
ου ou: not
ου ou
ου ou: not
not
[they would] be shown
διδωμι didōmi: present, show
δωσει dōsei
διδωμι didōmi: give
[could] be given [to him]
[as] governors.
διοικεω dioikeō: manage, control, govern
δικας dikas
δικη dikē: justice, punishment, vengeance
[any] punishment.
And not
ουδε oude: and not, but not
ουδε oude
ουδε oude: and not, but not
And not
indeed
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
γαρ gar
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
indeed
εκεινος ekeinos: that, there
εκεινους ekeinous
εκεινος ekeinos: that, there
[it] was shown [any more].
διδωμι didōmi: present, show
διδοναι didonai
διδωμι didōmi: give
[it] was given.
Herodot: Histories 1.3.2.a
Encrypted: In this way were seduced by them the masses. The conquerors decided at first to send messengers, to beguile the masses, and also to control the seduction that was demanded. But once they had the pretext for this, then presented they, i.e. the Phoenicians, of their schemes the seductive ones, just like not had been given to them the government, so not did they need to give up the deceptive designs of them, just because to other peoples the governors they had become.
Official: In this way was snatched away by him Helen. The Greeks decided at first to send a messenger, to demand the return of Helen, and also justice for the robbery they demanded. But when was brought up this, then brought up they, i.e. the Trojans, of Medea the robbery, so just like not had been given to them justice, then not would they give up demanding her back this wish of them, just because to others a question of justice it had become.
In this way
ουτως houtōs: in this way
οὑτω houtō
ουτως houtōs: in this way
In this way
δη dē: now, indeed
δη dē
δη dē: now, indeed
were seduced
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπασαντος harpasantos
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
was snatched away
[by] them
αυτος autos: self, he
αυτου autou
αυτος autos: self, he
[by] him
the masses.
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλενην Helenēn
Ἑλενη Helenē: Helen
Helen.
The
ὁ ho: the, he
τοισι toisi
ὁ ho: the, he
The
conquerors [???]
ἁλωσις / ἁλωσι halōsis / halōsi: capture, conquest
Ἑλλησι Hellēsi
Ἑλλην / Ἑλλησι Hellēn / Hellēsi: Hellen, Greek
Greeks
decided
δοξαζω doxazō: think, imagine; δοκεω dokeō: expect
δοξαι doxai
δοξα doxa: expectation
decided
at first
πρωτος prōtos: first
πρωτον prōton
πρωτος prōtos: first
at first
to send
πεμπω pempō: send forth, produce
πεμψαντας pempsantas
πεμπω pempō: send
to send
messengers,
αγγελος angelos: messenger, envoy
αγγελους angelous
αγγελος angelos: messenger, envoy
a messenger,
to beguile
απαταω apataō: cheat, trick, beguile, deceive
απαιτεειν apaiteein
απαιτεω apaiteō: demand back
to demand the return
τε te: and, also
τε te
τε te: and, also
the masses,
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλενην Helenēn
Ἑλενη Helenē: Helen
of Helen,
and also
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
and also
to control
διοικεω dioikeō: manage, control, govern
δικας dikas
δικη dikē: justice
justice [for]
the
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
the
seduction
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπαγης harpagēs
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
robbery
[that] was demanded.
αιτεω aiteō: ask, beg, demand
αιτεειν aiteein
αιτεω aiteō: ask, beg, demand
[they] demanded.
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
τους tous
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
But
δε de: but
δε de
δε de: but
But
[once they had?] the pretext
προισχω proischō: allege, use as a pretext
προισχομενων proischomenōn
προισχω proischō: hold before, put forward
[when] was brought up
[for] this,
ουτος houtos: this
ταυτα tauta
ουτος houtos: this
this,
[then] presented
προφερω propherō: bring before, present
προφερειν propherein
προφερω propherō: bring before, present
[then] brought up
they[, i.e. the Phoenicians,]
σφεις spheis: they
σφι sphi
σφεις spheis: they
they[, i.e. the Trojans,]
of their schemes
μηδος mēdos: counsels, plans, schemes
Μηδειης Mēdeiēs
Μηδεια Mēdeia: Medea
of Medea
the
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
the
seductive [ones],
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπαγην harpagēn
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
robbery,
just like
ὡς hōs: like as, just as
ὡς hōs
ὡς hōs: like as, just as
[so] just like
not
ου ou: not
ου ou
ου ou: not
not
had been given
διδωμι didōmi: present, show
δοντες dontes
διδωμι didōmi: give
had been given
[to] them
αυτος autos: self, they
αυτοι autoi
αυτος autos: self, they
[to] them
the government,
διοικεω dioikeō: manage, control, govern
δικας dikas
δικη dikē: justice
justice,
[so] not
ουδε oude: and not, but not
ουδε oude
ουδε oude: and not, but not
[then] not
[did they need to] give up
εκδιδωμι ekdidōmi: give up
εκδοντες ekdontes
εκδιδωμι ekdidōmi: give up
[would they] give up
[the] deceptive
απαταω apataō: cheat, trick, beguile, deceive
απαιτεοντων apaiteontōn
απαιτεω apaiteō: demand back
demanding [her] back
designs
βουλευμα bouleuma: purpose, design, plan
βουλοιατο bouloiato
βουλομαι boulomai: will, wish
[this] wish
of them,
σφεις spheis: they
σφι sphi
σφεις spheis: they
of them,
[just] because
παρα para: from, because, at
παρ par
παρα para: from, because, at
[just] because
to other [peoples?]
αλλος allos: other, another
αλλων allōn
αλλος allos: other, another
to others
the governors
διοικεω dioikeō: manage, control, govern
δικας dikas
δικη dikē: justice
[a question of?] justice
[they] had become.
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
γινεσθαι ginesthai
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
[it] had become.
Herodot: Histories 1.4.1.a
Encrypted: So far this had been seduction only towards others. But starting from this, leaders from the masses would also largely responsible become. Because first and early they had been enlisted into the forces of the nobility rather than they, i.e. the nobles, had been enlisted into the forces of the downward people.
Official: So far this had been robberies only from one another. But starting from this, the Greeks would largely responsible become for the enmity. Because they were the first, and earlier they invaded into Asia than they, i.e. the Asians, invaded into Europe.
So far
μεχρι mechri: as far as
μεχρι
μεχρι mechri: as far as
So far
μεν men: indeed
μεν
μεν men: indeed
ειμι eimi: be
ων
ειμι eimi: be
this [had been]
ουτος houtos: this
τουτου
ουτος houtos: this
this [had been]
seduction
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπαγας
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
robberies
only
μονος monos: alone, only
μουνας
μονος monos: alone, only
only
ειμι / ειναι eimi / einai: be
ειναι
ειμι / ειναι eimi / einai: be
towards [??]
παρα para: against, towards
παρ
παρα para: from, at
from
others [??].
αλλος allos: other, another
αλληλων
αλληλων allēlōn: of one another, mutually
one another.
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
But
δε de: and, but
δε
δε de: and, but
But
[starting] from
απο apo: from, by, with
απο
απο apo: from, by, with
[starting] from
this,
ουτος houtos: this
τουτου
ουτος houtos: this
this,
[leaders from?] the masses [??]
ἁλης / ἁλοιν halēs / haloin: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλληνας
Ἑλλην Hellēn: Hellen, Greek
the Greeks
δη dē: now, indeed
δη
δη dē: now, indeed
[would also?] largely
μεγας megas: big, large
μεγαλως
μεγας megas: big, large
[would] largely
responsible
αιτιος aitios: culpable, responsible
αιτιους
αιτιος aitios: culpable, responsible
responsible
become.
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
γενεσθαι
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
become [for the enmity].
[Because] first
προτερος proteros: before, in front
προτερους
προτερος proteros: before, in front
[Because they were] the first,
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
γαρ
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
[and] early
αρχω archō: to be first
αρξαι
αρχω archō: to be first
[and] earlier
[they] had been enlisted
στρατευω strateuō: take into the army, enroll, enlist
στρατευεσθαι
στρατευω strateuō: advance with an army, wage war
[they] invaded
into
εις eis: into, to
ες
εις eis: into, to
into
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
[the forces of?] the nobility [???]
ευς / εησι / εησιν eus / eēsi / eēsin: good, noble
Ασιην
Ασια / Ασιην Asia / Asiēn: Asia
Asia
[rather] than
η ē: or, than, as
η
η ē: or, than, as
than
they[, i.e. the nobles,]
σφεις spheis: they
σφεας
σφεις spheis: they
they[, i.e. the Asians,]
[had been enlisted] into
εις eis: into
ες
εις eis: into
[invaded] into
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
[the forces of?] the downward [people???].
ερειπω ereipō: throw down, fall down; ῥεπω / ερεπε rhepō / erepe: incline downwards, sink
Ευρωπην
Ευρωπη Eurōpē: Europa, Europe
Europe.
Herodot: Histories 1.4.2.a
Encrypted: Indeed now this seduction by the nobles is unjust business, it is. But just because of such a seduction to be zealous about making revenge, that is also silly, and no one would be concerned about such robberies among the shrouded people themselves. It is clear indeed that if not they, i.e. the commoners, were subconsciously willing themselves, then not would they have been seduced.
Official: Indeed now this robbery of women is unjust business, it is. But just because of such a robbery to be zealous about making revenge, that is also silly, and no one would be concerned about such robberies among the wise people. It is clear indeed that if not they, i.e. the women, were subconsciously willing themselves, then not would they have been robbed.
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το to
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
Indeed
μεν men: indeed
μεν men
μεν men: indeed
Indeed
now
νυν nyn: now
νυν nyn
νυν nyn: now
now
[this] seduction
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπαζειν harpazein
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
[this] robbery
[by??] the nobles [??]
γεννικος gennikos: noble; γενναιος / γενναιαι gennaios / gennaiai: noble, nobility
γυναικας gynaikas
γυνη / γυναικος / γυναι gynē / gynaikos / gynai: woman
of women
ανηρ / ανδρος anēr / andros: man; ανδρειος andreios: of a man
ανδρων andrōn
ανηρ / ανδρος anēr / andros: man; ανδρειος andreios: of a man
is unjust
αδικος adikos: wrong-doing, unrighteous, unjust
αδικων adikōn
αδικος adikos: wrong-doing, unrighteous, unjust
is unjust
νομιζω nomizō: use customarily, practise, in common use
νομιζειν nomizein
νομιζω nomizō: use customarily, practise, in common use
business,
εργον ergon: work, business, action, battle, trouble
εργον ergon
εργον ergon: work, business, action, battle, trouble
business,
[it] is.
ειμι / ειναι eimi / einai: be
ειναι einai
ειμι / ειναι eimi / einai: be
[it] is.
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το to
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
But
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
But
[just because of such] a seduction
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπασθεισεων harpastheiseōn
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
[just because of such] a robbery
to be zealous [about]
σπουδη spoudē: haste, speed, zeal, exertion, trouble, pains
σπουδην spoudēn
σπουδη spoudē: haste, speed, zeal, exertion, trouble, pains
to be zealous [about]
making
ποιεω poieō: do, make
ποιησασθαι poiēsasthai
ποιεω poieō: do, make
making
revenge,
τιμωρεω timōreō: help, aid, avenge
τιμωρεειν timōreein
τιμωρεω timōreō: help, aid, avenge
revenge,
[that is also] silly,
ανοητος anoētos: unintelligent, senseless, silly
ανοητων anoētōn
ανοητος anoētos: unintelligent, senseless, silly
[that is also] silly,
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το to
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
and
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
and
no one
μηδεις mēdeis: nobody, good-for-nothing
μηδεμιαν mēdemian
μηδεις mēdeis: no one
no one
[would] be concerned
ωρα ōra: care, concern, heed
ωρην ōrēn
ωρα ōra: care, concern, heed
[would] be concerned
εχω echō: have, possess
εχειν echein
εχω echō: have, possess
[about such?] robberies
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπασθεισεων harpastheiseōn
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
[about such?] robberies
[among] the shrouded [people themselves??].
σπειρον speiron: cloth, wraps, shroud
σωφρονων sōphronōn
σωφρων sōphrōn: wise, sensible, discreet
[among] the wise [people].
[It] is clear
δηλος dēlos: visible, clear, evident
δηλα dēla
δηλος dēlos: visible, clear, evident
[It] is clear
indeed
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
γαρ gar
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
indeed
δη dē: now, indeed
δη dē
δη dē: now, indeed
that
ὁτι hoti: that
ὁτι hoti
ὁτι hoti: that
that
if
ει ei: if
ει ei
ει ei: if
if
not
μη mē: not
μη mē
μη mē: not
not
they[, i.e. the commoners,]
αυτος autos: self, they
αυται autai
αυτος autos: self, they
they[, i.e. the women,]
were [subconsciously] willing [themselves],
βουλομαι boulomai: wish, will, willing
εβουλοντο eboulonto
βουλομαι boulomai: wish, will, willing
were [subconsciously] willing [themselves],
[then] not
ου / ουκ ou / ouk: not
ουκ ouk
ου / ουκ ou / ouk: not
[then] not
would
αν an: would, could
αν an
αν an: would, could
would
[they] have been seduced.
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἡρπαζοντο hērpazonto
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
[they] have been robbed.
Herodot: Histories 1.4.3.a
Encrypted: They from nobility say: We advantaged elites, when sometimes were robbed some nobles, a consideration about this we did not even make. The masses however, for some small ambush on some commoners on account of the nobility, an army large they assemble sometimes, and then start an attack into the nobility, and the chiefs’ power they take down.
Official: They from Asia say: We Persians, when were robbed our women, a consideration about this we did not even make. The Greeks however, for the Lacedaemonian account of one woman, an army large they assembled, and then started an attack into Asia, and Priam’s power they took down.
They
σφεις spheis: they
σφεας spheas
σφεις spheis: they
They
μεν men: indeed
μεν men
μεν men: indeed
δη dē: now, indeed
δη dē
δη dē: now, indeed
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
τους tous
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
from
εκ ek: from, out of
εκ ek
εκ ek: from, out of
from
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
nobility
ευς / εησι / εησιν eus / eēsi / eēsin: good, noble
Ασιης Asiēs
Ασια / Ασιην Asia / Asiēn: Asia
Asia
say:
λεγω legō: to say, speak
λεγουσι legousi
λεγω legō: to say, speak
say:
[We] advantaged [elites???],
περισσευω / περισσευων perisseuō / perisseuōn: superior, have the advantage
Περσαι Persai
Περσης / Περσεων Persēs / Perseōn: Persian
[We] Persians,
[when sometimes] were robbed
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπαζομενεων harpazomeneōn
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
[when] were robbed
[some]
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
των tōn
ὁ / των ho / tōn: the, he
[our]
nobles,
γεννικος gennikos: noble; γενναιος / γενναιαι gennaios / gennaiai: noble, nobility
γυναικων gynaikōn
γυνη / γυναικος / γυναι gynē / gynaikos / gynai: woman
women,
a consideration [about this]
λογος logos: word, consideration, reckoning
λογον logon
λογος logos: word, consideration, reckoning
a consideration [about this]
[we did] not [even]
ουδεις oudeis: not one
ουδενα oudena
ουδεις oudeis: not one
[we did] not [even]
make.
ποιεω poieō: make
ποιησασθαι poiēsasthai
ποιεω poieō: make
make.
The masses
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλληνας Hellēnas
Ἑλλην Hellēn: Hellen, Greek
The Greeks
however,
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
however,
[for some small??] ambush [on some??] commoners [???]
λοχαω / λοχαε lochaō / lochae: ambush, entrap; δημος dēmos: people, commoner, commons
Λακεδαιμονιης Lakedaimoniēs
Λακεδαιμονιος Lakedaimonios: Lacedaemonian; Λακων Lakōn: Laconian; δαιμων daimōn: demon, spirit, god
[for] the Lacedaemonian
on account
ἑνεκα heneka: because of, on account of, as for
εἱνεκεν heineken
ἑνεκα heneka: because of, on account of, as for
account
of the nobility,
γεννικος gennikos: noble; γενναιος / γενναιαι gennaios / gennaiai: noble, nobility
γυναικος gynaikos
γυνη / γυναικος / γυναι gynē / gynaikos / gynai: woman
of [one] woman,
an army
στολος stolos: expedition, army
στολον stolon
στολος stolos: expedition, army
an army
large
μεγας megas: big
μεγαν megan
μεγας megas: big
large
[they] assemble [sometimes?],
συναγειρω synageirō: gather together, assemble
συναγειραι synageirai
συναγειρω synageirō: gather together, assemble
[they] assembled,
and
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
and
then
επειτα epeita: thereupon, thereafter, then
επειτα epeita
επειτα epeita: thereupon, thereafter, then
then
start an attack
ερχομαι erchomai: start, set out, attack
ελθοντας elthontas
ερχομαι erchomai: start, set out, attack
started an attack
into
εις eis: into
ες es
εις eis: into
into
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
the nobility,
ευς / εησι / εησιν eus / eēsi / eēsin: good, noble
Ασιην Asiēn
Ασια / Ασιην Asia / Asiēn: Asia
Asia,
[and]
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
[and]
the chiefs’
προμος promos: foremost man, chief
Πριαμου Priamou
Πριαμος Priamos: Priam
Priam’s
power
δυναμις dynamis: power, might
δυναμιν dynamin
δυναμις dynamis: power, might
power
[they] take down.
καθαιρεω kathaireō: take down
κατελειν katelein
καθαιρεω kathaireō: take down
[they] took down.
Herodot: Histories 1.4.4.a
Encrypted: From this time on, always we would believe that the masses, that they would be our enemies. Because the slaves and the servant people profane have been appropriated by the advantaged elites. And the downward people and the masses must be ruled as separate.
Official: From this time on, always we would believe that the Greeks, that they would be our enemies. Because Asia and dwelling there those nations of the barbarians have been appropriated by the Persians. But Europe and the Greeks are believed to be separate.
From
απο apo: from, by, with
απο apo
απο apo: from, by, with
From
this [time on],
ουτος houtos: this
τουτου toutou
ουτος houtos: this
this [time on],
always
αει aei: for ever, always
αιει aiei
αει aei: for ever, always
always
[we would] believe [that]
ἡγεομαι hēgeomai: believe, hold
ἡγησασθαι hēgēsasthai
ἡγεομαι hēgeomai: believe, hold
[we would] believe [that]
the
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το to
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
the
masses,
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλληνικον Hellēnikon
Ἑλληνικος Hellēnikos: Hellenic, Greek
Greeks,
[that] they
σφεις spheis: they
σφισι sphisi
σφεις spheis: they
[that] they
[would] be
ειμι / ειναι eimi / einai: be
ειναι einai
ειμι / ειναι eimi / einai: be
[would] be
[our] enemies.
πολεμιος polemios: hostile, enemy
πολεμιον polemion
πολεμιος polemios: hostile, enemy
[our] enemies.
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
Because
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
γαρ gar
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
Because
the slaves [???]
ἡσσων hēssōn: weaker party, slave to
Ασιην Asiēn
Ασια / Ασιην Asia / Asiēn: Asia
Asia
and
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
and
ὁ / τα ho / ta: the, he
τα ta
ὁ / τα ho / ta: the, he
the servant
εν en: in; οικευς oikeus: menial, servant, serf
ενοικεοντα enoikeonta
ενοικεω enoikeō: dwell in
dwelling [there]
people
εθνος ethnos: nation, people, tribe
εθνεα ethnea
εθνος ethnos: nation, people, tribe
[those] nations
profane
βεβηλος bebēlos: impure, profanely
βαρβαρα barbara
βαρβαρος barbaros: barbarous, foreign
of the barbarians
have been appropriated
οικειοω oikeioō: make one’s own, appropriate
οικηιευνται oikēieuntai
οικειοω oikeioō: make one’s own, appropriate
have been appropriated
[by] the
ὁ / οἱ ho / hoi: the, he
οἱ hoi
ὁ / οἱ ho / hoi: the, he
[by] the
advantaged [elites???].
περισσευω / περισσευων perisseuō / perisseuōn: superior, have the advantage
Περσαι Persai
Περσης / Περσεων Persēs / Perseōn: Persian
Persians.
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
And
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
But
the downward [people???]
ερειπω ereipō: throw down, fall down; ῥεπω / ερεπε rhepō / erepe: incline downwards, sink
Ευρωπην Eurōpēn
Ευρωπη Eurōpē: Europa, Europe
Europe
and
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
and
the
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
το to
ὁ / το ho / to: the, he
the
masses
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλληνικον Hellēnikon
Ἑλληνικος Hellēnikos: Hellenic, Greek
Greeks
[must??] be ruled
ἡγεομαι hēgeomai: rule, have dominion
ἡγηνται hēgēntai
ἡγεομαι hēgeomai: hold, believe
are believed
[as??] separate.
χωριζω chōrizō: separate, divide, different
κεχωρισθαι kechōristhai
χωριζω chōrizō: separate, divide, different
to be separate.
Herodot: Histories 1.5.1.a
Encrypted: This has the advantaged elites’ saying become. Because of their altered way of conquering, there did invent they at first the outer appearance of the masses.
Official: This has the Persians’ saying become. Because of Ilium’s, i.e. Troy’s, taking, there did find they at first their hatred for the Greeks.
This
ουτως houtōs: in this way
οὑτω houtō
ουτως houtōs: in this way
This
μεν men: indeed
μεν men
μεν men: indeed
[has] the advantaged [elites’]
περισσευω / περισσευων perisseuō / perisseuōn: superior, have the advantage
Περσαι Persai
Περσης / Περσεων Persēs / Perseōn: Persian
[has] the Persians’
saying
λεγω legō: say, speak
λεγουσι legousi
λεγω legō: say, speak
saying
become.
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
γενεσθαι genesthai
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
become.
και kai: and, also
και kai
και kai: and, also
Because of
δια dia: through, because of
δια dia
δια dia: through, because of
Because of
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
[their] altered
αλλοιωσις alloiōsis: change, alteration
Ιλιου Iliou
Ιλιος Ilios: Ilium, Troy
Ilium’s[, i.e. Troy’s,]
way of conquering [???],
ἁλωσις halōsis: means of conquest
ἁλωσιν halōsin
ἁλωσις halōsis: capture, taking
taking,
[there did] invent
ευρισκω heuriskō: devise, invent
εὑρισκουσι heuriskousi
ευρισκω heuriskō: find, find out, discover
[there did] find
they
σφεις spheis: they
σφισι sphisi
σφεις spheis: they
they
ειμι eimi: be
εουσαν eousan
ειμι eimi: be
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
την tēn
ὁ / την ho / tēn: the, he
at first
αρχω archō: first
αρχην archēn
αρχω archō: first
at first
the
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
[their]
outer [appearance???]
εξωτερος exōteros: exterior, outer
εχθρης echthrēs
εχθρη / εχθρος echthrē / echthros: hatred, enmity, hostility
hatred
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
[of??]
εις eis: into
ες es
εις eis: into
[for]
the
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
τους tous
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
the
masses.
ἁλης / ἁλεων halēs / haleōn: assembled, thronged, in a mass
Ἑλληνας Hellēnas
Ἑλλην Hellēn: Hellen, Greek
Greeks.
Herodot: Histories 1.5.2.a
Encrypted: But with the things about this perception, not does agree with the advantaged elites’ way the way the Phoenicians specifically tell it: Not because of seduction, do they themselves proclaim and say, did they lead the foreign people into loving them.
Official: But with the things about Io, not does agree with the Persian way the way the Phoenicians tell it: Not because of robbery, do they themselves proclaim and say, did they carry her off into Egypt.
[But with the things] about
περι peri: around, about
περι peri
περι peri: around, about
[But with the things] about
δε de: and, but
δε de
δε de: and, but
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
[this] perception,
αιω aiō: perceive, see, hear, listen to, obey
Ιους Ious
Ιω Iō: Io
Io,
not
ου / ουκ ou / ouk: not
ουκ ouk
ου / ουκ ou / ouk: not
not
does agree
ὁμολογεω homologeō: speak one language, agree to
ὁμολογεουσι homologeousi
ὁμολογεω homologeō: speak one language, agree to
does agree
[with] the advantaged [elites’ way]
περισσευω / περισσευων perisseuō / perisseuōn: superior, have the advantage
Περσησι Persēsi
Περσης / Περσεων Persēs / Perseōn: Persian
[with] the Persian [way]
the way
ουτως houtōs: in this way
οὑτω houtō
ουτως houtōs: in this way
the way
the Phoenicians [specifically tell it]:
Φοινιξ Phoinix: Phoenician
Φοινικες Phoinikes
Φοινιξ Phoinix: Phoenician
the Phoenicians [tell it]:
Not
ου ou: not
ου ou
ου ou: not
Not
because
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
γαρ gar
γαρ gar: for, indeed, because
because
of seduction,
ἁρπαζω harpazō: overpower, overmaster, captivate, seduce
ἁρπαγη harpagē
ἁρπαζω harpazō: snatch away, carry off, steal
of robbery,
do they themselves
σφεις spheis: they, themselves
σφεας spheas
σφεις spheis: they, themselves
do they themselves
proclaim
χραω chraō: proclaim
χρησαμενους chrēsamenous
χραω chraō: proclaim
proclaim
[and] say,
λεγω legō: to say, speak
λεγουσι legousi
λεγω legō: to say, speak
[and] say,
[did they] lead
αγω agō: lead, carry, fetch, bring
αγαγειν agagein
αγω agō: lead, carry, fetch, bring
[did they] carry
[the foreign people]
αυτος autos: self
αυτην autēn
αυτος autos: self
her
into
εις eis: into
ες es
εις eis: into
[off] into
loving [them].
αγαπητεος agapēteos: loved, desired; αγαπαω agapaō: love, like
Αιγυπτον Aigypton
Αιγυπτιος Aigyptios: Egyptian
Egypt.
Herodot: Histories 1.5.2.b
Encrypted: But rather in their business they had mingled already with merchants in their perception, and even when after that they learned that really foreign nobility it was, then they were respected already as the fathers of the land, so therefore voluntarily did local leaders themselves with the Phoenicians join forces, because they would not want to let it all visible become.
Official: But rather in Argos she had intercourse with the merchant of the ship, and only after that she learned that pregnant she was, and she was too ashamed to let her father know, so therefore voluntarily did she with the Phoenicians sail out, because she would not want to let it visible become.
But [rather]
αλλα alla: but, otherwise
αλλ all
αλλα alla: but, otherwise
But [rather]
ὡς hōs: like as, just as
ὡς hōs
ὡς hōs: like as, just as
in
εν en: in, into, before
εν en
εν en: in, into, before
in
ὁ / τω ho / tō: the, he
τω tō
ὁ / τω ho / tō: the, he
[their] business [??]
αργος argos: shining, glistening
Αργει Argei
Αργος Argos: Argos
Argos
[they] had mingled [already with]
μαγγανευμα manganeuma: juggleries, deceptions
εμισγετο emisgeto
μιγνυμι mignymi: mix, mingle, have intercourse with
[she] had intercourse [with]
ὁ / τω ho / tō: the, he
τω tō
ὁ / τω ho / tō: the, he
the
merchants
ναυκληρος nauklēros: shipowner, merchant
ναυκληρω nauklērō
ναυκληρος nauklēros: shipowner, merchant
merchant
[in their]
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
της tēs
ὁ / της ho / tēs: the, he
of the
perception,
νοος noos: mind, sense, perception
νεος neos
ναυς naus: ship
ship,
[and even when?] after that
επει epei: after that, when
επει epei
επει epei: after that, when
[and only] after that
δε de: and, but
δ d
δε de: and, but
[they] learned
μανθανω manthanō: learn
εμαθε emathe
μανθανω manthanō: learn
[she] learned
[that really foreign?] nobility
αγαυος agauos: illustrious, noble
εγκυος enkyos
εγκυος enkyos: pregnant
[that] pregnant
[it] was,
ειμι eimi: be
εουσα eousa
ειμι eimi: be
[she] was,
[then they?] were respected [already?]
αιδεομαι aideomai: fear, respect
αιδεομενη aideomenē
αιδεομαι aideomai: feel ashamed
[and she was too] ashamed
[as] the
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
τους tous
ὁ / τους ho / tous: the, he
[to let] her
fathers [of the land??],
τοκευς tokeus: father
τοκεας tokeas
τοκευς tokeus: father
father [know],
so therefore
ουτως houtōs: in this way
οὑτω houtō
ουτως houtōs: in this way
so therefore
δη dē: now, indeed
δη dē
δη dē: now, indeed
voluntarily
εθελοντην ethelontēn: voluntarily
εθελοντην ethelontēn
εθελοντην ethelontēn: voluntarily
voluntarily
[did local leaders?] themselves
αυτος autos: self
αυτην autēn
αυτος autos: self
[did] she
[with] the
ὁ / τοισι ho / toisi: the, he
τοισι toisi
ὁ / τοισι ho / toisi: the, he
[with] the
Phoenicians
Φοινιξ Phoinix: Phoenician
Φοινιξι Phoinixi
Φοινιξ Phoinix: Phoenician
Phoenicians
join [forces],
συνωφελεω synōpheleō: join in aiding
συνεκπλωσαι synekplōsai
συνεκπλεω synekpleō: sail out along with
sail out,
because
ὡς hōs: as, because
ὡς hōs
ὡς hōs: as, because
because
[they] would
αν an: would
αν an
αν an: would
[she] would
not
μη mē: not
μη mē
μη mē: not
not
[want to let it all] visible
καταδηλος katadēlos: manifest, visible
καταδηλος katadēlos
καταδηλος katadēlos: manifest, visible
[want to let it] visible
become.
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
γενηται genētai
γιγνομαι gignomai: become
become.