Akkadian: Sargon’s Birth Legend
Sargon’s Birth Legend tells how the greatest & most legendary king of Mesopotamia was abandoned in a basket, and raised as a gardener. Secretly, it tells how he came from foreign nobility, and was trained as a foreign overseer for a hidden superpower, who supplied bronze weapons to crush all opposition by the locals.
Introduction
Sargon of Akkad was the first king of the Semitic-speaking Mesopotamian nations. They’re known as the Akkadia, Babylonia & Assyria, named after their capital cities. As the founder of tis empire chain, Sargon was so famous that later kings copied his name. He’s estimated to have died around 2300 BC.
Sargon’s sudden succes is already the 1st reason for suspicion: The earlier Sumerian city-states had ruled Mesopotamia for almost 2 millennia. Their influence extended deep into surrounding regions, who all adopted Sumerian cuneiform script. Then suddenly the main Sumerian city Uruk was conquered by Akkad under Sargon around 2330 BC, as were many more cities, and the hierarchy was flipped. Allegedly just 20 years after Sumerian Uruk had conquered Akkad in 2350 BC. From then on, Sumerian dominance was gone, and Sumerian dynasties alternated & coexisted with the Semitic empire chain, starting with Sargon’s Akkadian empire, and finally faded out of existence.
The 2nd reason for suspicion is that Sargon’s capital Akkad has never been found. It may have been a real city, or not. I honestly don’t know. Likewise, the term “Sumer” in the later title “King of Sumer & Akkad” has no explanation, the Sumerians didn’t call themselves that.
A 3rd reason for suspicion is that Sargon has no official genealogy. Instead, his famous Birth Legend states that he was abandoned in a basket, and became a gardener. Right.
Main puns
But as usual, the explanation for the weird stories & wordings is pun-encryption. And the explanation for the sudden power shift is the meddling of a secret superpower, as revealed by the punnery in the birth legend:
- Officially, Sargon’s mother was a “priestess” and his father from the high “mountains”.
- Secretly, his mother was really a “lady” and his father from a secret high “office”. As we’ll see, his mother was likely a local and his father a foreigner. ↓
- Officially, he was from the “City of Saffron” at the shores of the “Euphrates”.
- Secretly, he was really from the “City of Bronze” at the shores of the “Foreign Princes”. Those were likely early precursors of the bronze-trading Phoenician overlords. ↓
- Officially, he was birthed in secret and put into the “river” in an air-tight “basket”.
- Secretly, he was birthed in secret and put among “servants” in an air-tight controlled “surrounding”. ↓
- Officially, he was found and trained as a “gardener”.
- Secretly, he was found and trained as a “foreign overseer” over the locals. ↓
- Officially, he was favoured by “Ishtar” and allowed to rule the Sumerians.
- Secretly, he was favoured by the “Great Possessors”, presumably the bronze-trading foreign overlords, and allowed to rule the Sumerians. ↓
- Officially, he cut through “mountains” with copper-alloy pickaxes.
- Secretly, he cut through “hostilities” with copper-alloy axes, likely provided by the bronze-traders to all their traitorous regional governors, to make them invincible. ↓
The script of Sargon’s time was a confusing mix of Semitic & Sumerian elements (like Japanese using Chinese characters). So the puns in Sargon’s Birth Legend are also a mix of Semitic puns and Sumerian puns. Apparenty though, most puns still typically stay within one language, i.e. the secret word is from the same language as the official word.
Was “Akkad” really Phoenician Byblos?
Even with this decryption, the true name & location of Sargon’s foreign city “Akkad” is not totally clear. It may be Byblos. The main clues are the 2 namings of “bronze” & “copper”, and the location at some “shores”, both of which could already point to Phoenicia. Little is known about the Phoenician cities in that early epoch, and they are not mentioned in Sumerian texts, possibly due to censoring. But official archaeology shows they existed, and were already very important in Sargon’s time. The intermediate kingdom Ebla may provide the missing link between Byblos & Sumer:
Sumer was poor in ores, and imported metals from half the world even back then, via land & sea, often through Semitic-speaking trading hubs. A major hub officially connected to Sumer was Levantine Ebla. Ebla is described as a “trading empire” & “expansionist power”, even as “one of the earliest empires” & “first-recorded world power”.
The question is: Was Ebla an independent empire, or just a colonial front (like Akkadia & later Rome) for the real Phoenician empire behind it? It may have been the latter:
- Phoenician Byblos was nearby and officially had “extensive exchange” with Ebla. Byblos looks like a natural archaic settlement, estimated to possibly be “the oldest city in the world” that has been continually inhabited. Byblos was the primary supra-regional trading hub for copper mined on nearby Cyprus, which was even named for “copper”. The copper was smelted & processed in Byblos.
- While Ebla also traded tin from Anatolia, and processed copper & tin, it seems to have been “a new foundation, in a site apparently not very rich in natural resources, yet of relevant strategic importance precisely for the domination over trade routes”, even complemented “with several well equipped and strongly structured settlements” nearby, also founded for “precisely for the management of trade”. Ebla’s language is West-Semitic, related to Phoenician & Hebrew. This means it was likely founded by some greater trading power from the West, such as Phoenicia.
As a final possible clue, the local Semitic name of Byblos was גבל gbl “Gubla”. And because each Sumerian sign has many readings, the Sumerian spelling 𒀀𒂵𒉈 a.ga.de₃ can also be read as 𒀀𒂵𒉈 a.ga.bila, which has the same consonants as גבל gbl “Gubla”. (This would have been a secret reading, of course. The officially identified Eblaite spelling for Byblos in Sumerian cuneiform was 𒁺𒇻 du.lu, which can be also read as 𒁺𒇻 gub.lu for “Gubla”.)
So the real “Akkad” may have been Byblos, one of the later all-powerful Phoenician coastal cities. Of course, the Akkadian empire would also have had some local & official Mesopotamian capital city. Maybe that was also named “Akkad”, maybe they just used the name for some semi-mythical place.
Even if the real “Akkad” was Phoenician Byblos, it may have been a Byblos that was still very archaic, and different from later epochs. Distances played a much greater role then. The pecking order of Phonicia might have had Byblos at the top, instead of later Tyre. Phoenicia overall probably hadn’t yet reached its all-powerful later state. The inhabitants of Byblos wouldn’t have written in the later Phoenician alphabet, but rather in Sumerian cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, or for local texts possibly in Byblian glyphs. The religion might have been different, as aristocrats never believed in it anyway, and it was only ever an exchangeable tool for them.
Finally, as Egypt had an extremely strong influence on early Phoenicia, there may have been many Egyptian elements in Byblos, such as its Egyptian-styled patron-goddess. The frequent Egyptian expeditions to Byblos seem to have stopped around 2200 BC though, some time after Sargon’s estimated death, and after Egypt had fallen into a period of local infighting under Pepi II. This may have been initiated by Phoenician lords and their allies, or at least gave them the chance to increase their own independent power to the level we know from later.
Akkad & Sumer
As for why the Mesopotamian Semitic-speaking empires alternated so often with each other, and with the Sumerian ones, I also cannot yet tell. It may have been a profiteering scheme by the hidden overlords, or still some actual infighting between regional rulers & governors. But I know what it was NOT: a grand battle between good & evil. 100s of years before Sargon, Sumerian elites had already written about disguising themselves to cheat their own subjects, in 100% pure pun-encrypted Sumerian. So deception was not a Semitic invention, all aristocrats of the high civilizations did that. And the local Sumerian lords were not naive & innocent victims. They were just rivalling aristocratic scum, who had simply started at a worse geostrategic location and ultimately lost the bronze-weapons arms race. Later, many Sumerian lords likely became co-conspirators. Perhaps future decryptions will reveal more details about the truth of Mesopotamia’s long fake history.
How to read this
- In the interlinear word-by-word translation, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
- Use the to choose your level: for secret meaning only, for secret & official English texts, for word-by-word vocabulary, for original text & glyphs.
- Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
- Official meaning is marked with light green.
- Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
- Please read the introduction, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
- Religious readers should proceed with care.
Sargon’s Birth Legend
Sargon is only a decorative king.
Sargon’s Birth Legend 1
Encrypted: The Decorative King, a king of decoration, a king of appearances am I.
Official: Sargon the king powerful, the king of Akkad am I.
The Decorative King,
𒈗 lugal: king; 𒅇𒁯 u₃.gun₃: decoration; 𒈗 šarru: king; 𒄀 kenu: loyal
𒈗𒄀𒈾 LUGAL.gi.na
𒈗 lugal: king; 𒄀 gin₆: true; 𒈗 šarru: king; 𒄀 kenu: true
Sargon
a king
𒈗 lugal: king
𒈗 LUGAL
𒈗 lugal: king
the king
of decoration,
𒂄 dun: decorate, subordinated
𒆗𒉡 dan.nu
𒆗𒉡 dannu: strong, powerful; 𒁺𒌦𒉡 du.un.nu: fortress
powerful,
a king
𒈗 lugal: king
𒈗 LUGAL
𒈗 lugal: king
the king
of appearances
𒅆𒂃 igi.du₈: look, appearance; 𒅆𒁺 igi.du: see
𒀀𒂵𒉈𒀝 a.ka3.de3.KI3
𒀀𒂵𒉈𒆠 a.ga.de₃{ki}: Akkad
of Akkad
[am] I.
𒀀𒈾𒆪 anaku: I
𒀀𒈾𒆪 a.na.ku
𒀀𒈾𒆪 anaku: I
[am] I.
Sargon’s mother & father are high-ranking nobles.
Sargon’s Birth Legend 2
Encrypted: My mother was a high lady. My father I will not make known. In truth, my father was from a covered office.
Official: My mother was a high priestess. My father I did not know. The brother of my father loved the open mountain region.
My mother
𒌝𒈬 ummu: mother; 𒄿 -i: my
𒌝𒈪 um.mi
𒌝𒈬 ummu: mother; 𒄿 -i: my
My mother
[was] a [high] lady.
𒂊𒉡𒌅 enutu: lordship
𒂊𒉌𒌈 e.ni.tum
𒂊𒉡𒌅 enutu: office of high priestess
[was] a [high] priestess.
My father
𒀜 abu: father, ancestor; 𒄿 -i: my
𒀀𒁉 a.bi
𒀜 abu: father, ancestor; 𒄿 -i: my
My father
[I will] not
𒌑𒆷 ula: not
𒌌 ul
𒌑𒆷 ula: not
[I did] not
[make] known.
𒍪 edu: know
𒄿𒁲 i.di
𒍪 edu: know
know.
[In] truth, [???] my father
𒋛𒁲 si.sa₂: true; 𒀜 ad: father; 𒉿 -ya: my
𒋀𒀜𒉿 ŠEŠ.AD.ya
𒋀 šeš: brother; 𒀜 ad: father; 𒉿 -ya: my
The brother of my father
[was from?] a covered [?]
𒂊𒊑𒅎 aramu: envelop, cover
𒄿𒊏𒈪 i.ra.mi
𒉘 ramu: love, fondness
loved [?]
office [??].
𒁼 išdu: position
𒃻𒁕𒀀 ša2.da.a
𒃻𒁺𒌋 šadu: mountain region, open country, steppeland
the open mountain region.
Sargon comes from the foreign City of Bronze.
Sargon’s Birth Legend 3
Encrypted: My city was the City of Bronze which at the shores of the Foreign Princes is placed.
Official: My city was the City of Saffron which at the banks of the Euphrates is placed.
My city [was]
𒌷𒆠 alu: city, village; 𒄿 -i: my
𒀀𒇷 a.li
𒌷𒆠 alu: city, village; 𒄿 -i: my
My city [was]
the City of Bronze [???]
𒌷 uru: city; 𒍣𒁀𒊒𒌝 siparrum / siparran: bronze
𒌷𒀀𒍪𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉌 URU.a.zu.pi.ra.a.ni
𒌷 uru: city; 𒀀𒍪𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉡 azupiranu: saffron
the City of Saffron
which
𒃻 ša: who, which, of
𒃻 ša2
𒃻 ša: who, which, of
which
at
𒄿𒈾 ina: from, in
𒄿𒈾 i.na
𒄿𒈾 ina: from, in
at
the shores
𒄘 ahu: shore, seashore
𒀀𒄭 a.hi
𒄘 ahu: side, river bank
the banks
of the Foreign Princes [???]
𒁀𒊏 ba.ra: outsider, stranger; 𒌋𒁇 u.bar: foreigner; 𒉣 nun: foremost, prince
𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣𒆠 ID2.UD.KIB.NUN.KI
𒌓𒄒𒉣 buranun: Euphrates
of the Euphrates
is placed.
𒃻𒅗𒉡 šakanu: put, place
𒊕𒉡 šak.nu
𒃻𒅗𒉡 šakanu: put, place
is placed.
Sargon is birthed & raised in secret.
Sargon’s Birth Legend 4
Encrypted: She conceived me, my mother the high lady, in secrecy. She birthed me, and placed me into a surrounded environment of which falsely with bribes all information openings had been closed off securely,
Official: She conceived me, my mother the high priestess, in secrecy. She birthed me, and placed me into a basket of which air tight with pitch all openings had been closed securely,
[She] conceived me,
𒊯 aru: pregnant, conceive
𒄿𒊏𒀭𒉌 i.ra.an.ni
𒊯 aru: pregnant, conceive
[She] conceived me,
[my] mother
𒌝𒈬 ummu: mother
𒌝𒈬 um.mu
𒌝𒈬 ummu: mother
[my] mother
the [high] lady,
𒂊𒉡𒌅 enutu: lordship
𒂊𒉌𒌈 e.ni.tum
𒂊𒉡𒌅 enutu: office of high priestess
the [high] priestess,
in
𒄿𒈾 ina: from, in
𒄿𒈾 i.na
𒄿𒈾 ina: from, in
in
secrecy.
𒉺𒊍𒊒 pazaru: hide, conceal; 𒉺𒊍𒊑𒌍 pazriš: secretly
𒁍𒊻𒊑 pu.uz.ri
𒉺𒊍𒊒 pazaru: hide, conceal; 𒉺𒊍𒊑𒌍 pazriš: secretly
secrecy.
[She] birthed me,
𒅇𒌅 waladu: give birth, beget; 𒉌 -ni: me
𒌑𒀖𒀭𒉌 u2.lid.an.ni
𒅇𒌅 waladu: give birth, beget; 𒉌 -ni: me
[She] birthed me,
[and] placed me
𒃻𒅗𒉡 šakanu: put, place; 𒉌 -ni: me
𒅖𒆲𒀭𒉌 iš.kun.an.ni
𒃻𒅗𒉡 šakanu: put, place; 𒉌 -ni: me
[and] placed me
into
𒄿𒈾 ina: from, in
𒄿𒈾 i.na
𒄿𒈾 ina: from, in
into
a surrounded [environment?]
𒅅𒁍𒁍 kapapu: bend, twisted, surround
𒁺𒉿 qup.pi
𒄣𒌒𒁍 quppu: wicker basket
a basket
of which
𒃻 ša: who, which, of
𒃻 𒃻 ša2
𒃻 ša: who, which, of
of which
falsely
𒃻𒀀𒊒 šaru: lies, falsehood; 𒊓𒊏𒀀𒌅 šartu: falsehood
𒋗𒊑 šu.ri
𒃻𒀀𒊒 šaru: wind, breath, air
air [tight?]
with
𒄿𒈾 ina: because of
𒄿𒈾 i.na
𒄿𒈾 ina: with, by means of
with
bribes [??]
𒁕𒀀𒌓 ṭatu: gift, bribe
𒇒 ESIR2
𒇒 iṭṭu: bitumen, pitch
pitch
[all information?] openings
𒆍 babum: door, opening
𒆍𒉿 KA2.ya
𒆍 babum: door, opening
[all] openings
had been closed off
𒍗 pehu: close up, seal
𒅁𒄭 ip.hi
𒍗 pehu: close up, seal
had been closed
securely,
𒆗 dananu: strong, reinforce
𒀉𒆗𒉌 id.dan.ni
𒆗 dananu: strong, reinforce
securely,
Sargon’s Birth Legend 6
Encrypted: into trusted helpers from which my existence would not come up. And plastered me these helpers up to my head.
Official: into the river from which I could not rise. And washed me this river to above the water.
into
𒀀𒈾 ana: to, for
𒀀𒈾𒆪 a.na
𒀀𒈾 ana: to, for
into
[trusted] helpers
𒉌𒊏𒊒 neraru: aid, help, helper
𒀀𒇉 ID2
𒀀𒇉 id₂: river; 𒀀𒇉 naru: river
the river
[from] which
𒃻 ša: who, which, of
𒃻 𒃻 ša2
𒃻 ša: who, which, of
[from] which
[my existence would] not
𒌑𒆷 ula: not
𒆷 la
𒌑𒆷 ula: not
[I could] not
come up.
𒂊𒇻𒌋 elu: come up, result, produced
𒂊𒇷𒂊𒀀 e.li.e.a
𒂊𒇻𒌋 elu: go up, rise
rise.
[And] plastered [??] me
𒃻𒉡𒌑 šanu: seal, plaster over, change; 𒉌 -ni: me
𒅖𒃻𒀭𒉌 iš.ša2.an.ni
𒃻𒉡𒌑 šanu: irrigate, wash over, flood; 𒉌 -ni: me
[And] washed [??] me
[these] helpers
𒉌𒊏𒊒 neraru: aid, help, helper
𒀀𒇉 ID2
𒀀𒇉 id₂: river; 𒀀𒇉 naru: river
[this] river
[up?] to
𒀀𒈾 ana: to, for
𒀀𒈾 a.na
𒀀𒈾 ana: to, for
to
[my] head [???].
𒌋𒅗 ugu: skull
𒌋𒅗 UGU
𒌋𒅗 ugu: top, over, above
above [the water?].
Sargon is raised to be a foreign overseer for the overlords.
Sargon’s Birth Legend 8
Encrypted: The Anointer, the changer of rulers, directed me. The Anointer, the changer of rulers, as a duplicate copy indeed he raised me. The Anointer, the changer of rulers, as a foreign overseer indeed he appointed me.
Official: Aqqi the water-drawer brought me up. Aqqi the water-drawer as a legitimate son indeed he raised me. Aqqi the water-drawer as a gardener indeed he appointed me.
The Anointer [???],
𒈥 equ: anoint, smear; 𒁉𒀀𒋤 hiqu: mixed
𒀝𒆠 aq.qi2
Aqqi [???]
the changer of rulers [???],
𒇽 lu₂: ruler; 𒁄 bala: reign, rotation, turn, change
𒇽𒀀𒁄 LU2.A.BAL
𒇽𒀀𒁄 {lu₂}a.bala: water drawer; 𒁄 bala: carry
the water-drawer [?]
directed me.
𒀀𒁀𒇻 wabalu: send, direct; 𒉌 -ni: me
𒌑𒉈𒀭𒉌 u2.bil.an.ni
𒀀𒁀𒇻 wabalu: bring, carry; 𒉌 -ni: me
brought [?] me [up?].
The Anointer [???],
𒈥 equ: anoint, smear; 𒁉𒀀𒋤 hiqu: mixed
𒀝𒆠 aq.qi2
𒀝𒆠 aq.qi2: Aqqi
Aqqi [???]
the changer of rulers [???],
𒇽 lu₂: ruler; 𒁄 bala: reign, rotation, turn, change
𒇽𒀀𒁄 LU2.A.BAL
𒇽𒀀𒁄 {lu₂}a.bala: water drawer; 𒁄 bala: carry
the water-drawer [?]
as a duplicate [copy?]
𒀀𒈾 ana: to, for; 𒃮𒊑 mehru: copy, duplicate, reproduction
𒀀𒈾𒈠𒊒𒋾𒋙 a.na ma.ru.ti.šu2
𒀀𒈾𒈠𒊒𒋾𒋙 ana marutišu: like a legitimate son; 𒀀𒈾 ana: to, for; 𒈠𒊒 maru: son
as a legitimate son
indeed
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
𒇻 lu
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
indeed
[he] raised [me].
𒊏𒁍𒌋 rabu: grow up, raise
𒌑𒊐𒉼 u2.rab.ban.[---]
𒊏𒁍𒌋 rabu: grow up, raise
[he] raised [me].
The Anointer [???],
𒈥 equ: anoint, smear; 𒁉𒀀𒋤 hiqu: mixed
𒀝𒆠 aq.qi2
𒀝𒆠 aq.qi2: Aqqi
Aqqi [???]
the changer of rulers [???],
𒇽 lu₂: ruler; 𒁄 bala: reign, rotation, turn, change
𒇽𒀀𒁄 LU2.A.BAL
𒇽𒀀𒁄 {lu₂}a.bala: water drawer; 𒁄 bala: carry
the water-drawer [?]
as
𒀀𒈾 ana: to, for
𒀀𒈾 a.na
𒀀𒈾 ana: to, for
as
a foreign overseer
𒇽𒉽 nakru: foreign; 𒉽 nakaru: foreign, alter; 𒃲 rabu: noble, chief, overseer; 𒇽𒉣 rubu: ruler
𒇽𒉡𒊬𒋾𒋗 LU2.NU.KIRI6.ti.šu
𒇽𒉡𒊬 nukaribbu: gardener; 𒇽𒉡𒊬 {lu₂}nu.kiri₆: gardener
a gardener
indeed
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
𒇻𒌋 lu.u
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
indeed
[he] appointed me.
𒃻𒅗𒉡 šakanu: appoint, assign, install; 𒉌 -ni: me
𒅖𒆲𒀭𒉌 iš.kun.an.ni
𒃻𒅗𒉡 šakanu: appoint, assign, install; 𒉌 -ni: me
[he] appointed me.
Sargon’s Birth Legend 11
Encrypted: In my work as a foreign overseer, the Great Possessors indeed myself they favoured. Some number of years as a king indeed I acted.
Official: In my work as a gardener, Ishtar indeed myself she favoured. Some number of years as a king indeed I acted.
In
𒄿𒈾 ina: in, from, with
𒄿𒈾 i.na
𒄿𒈾 ina: in, from, with
In
[my work as] a foreign overseer,
𒇽𒉽 nakru: foreign; 𒉽 nakaru: foreign, alter; 𒃲 rabu: noble, chief, overseer; 𒇽𒉣 rubu: ruler
𒇽𒉡𒊬𒋾𒐊 LU2.NU.KIRI6.ti.ia2
𒇽𒉡𒊬 nukaribbu: gardener; 𒇽𒉡𒊬 {lu₂}nu.kiri₆: gardener
[my work as] a gardener,
the Great Possessors [???]
𒌇 išu: own, possess; 𒋛𒀀 ataru: accumulate, too great, surplus
𒀭𒅖𒋻 {d}iš.tar
𒀭𒅖𒋻 ištar: Ishtar
Ishtar
indeed
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
𒇻𒌋 lu.u
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
indeed
myself
𒊏𒈠𒉡 ramanu: self
𒄿𒊏𒌋𒌋𒉌𒈠 i.ra.man.ni.ma
𒊏𒈠𒉡 ramanu: self
myself
[they favoured?].
[---] [---]
[she favoured?].
[Some number] of years
𒈬 mu: year
𒈬𒈨𒌍 MU.MEŠ
𒈬 mu: year
[Some number] of years
[as] a king
𒈗 lugal: king
𒈗𒌑𒋫 LUGAL.u2.ta
𒈗 lugal: king
[as] a king
indeed
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
𒇻𒌋 lu.u
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
indeed
[I] acted.
𒂊𒉿𒋗 epešu: do, make, act
𒂊𒁍𒍑 e.pu.uš
𒂊𒉿𒋗 epešu: do, make, act
[I] acted.
Sargon rules the Sumerians, and crushes opposition with bronze weapons.
Sargon’s Birth Legend 13
Encrypted: Over the native people, the black-headed Sumerians, indeed I ruled. Hostilities mighty with axes of copper alloys indeed I did cut down.
Official: Over the people, the black-headed Sumerians, indeed I ruled. Mountains mighty with pickaxes of copper alloys indeed I did cut.
[Over] the [native] people,
𒌦 ug₃: people
𒌦𒌍 UKU3.MEŠ
𒌦 ug₃: people
[Over] the people,
the black-headed Sumerians,
𒊕𒈪𒂵 sag.gig₂.ga: Sumerians; 𒊕 sag: head; 𒈪𒂵 gig₂.ga: black
𒊕𒈪𒂵 SAG.GI6.GA
𒊕𒈪𒂵 sag.gig₂.ga: Sumerians; 𒊕 sag: head; 𒈪𒂵 gig₂.ga: black
the black-headed Sumerians,
indeed
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
𒇻𒌋 lu.u
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
indeed
[I] ruled.
𒁉𒇻 belu: rule, control, subdue
𒀀𒁁𒂖 a.be.el
𒁉𒇻 belu: rule, control, subdue
[I] ruled.
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
𒇻𒌋 lu.u
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
𒀾[---] aš2.[---]
Hostilities
𒆳 kur: hostile, enemy
𒆳𒁲𒄿 KUR.di.i
𒆳 kur: mountain
Mountains
mighty
𒆗 kalag: strong, mighty
𒆗𒈨𒌍 KAL.MEŠ
𒆗 kalag: strong, mighty
mighty
with
𒄿𒈾 ina: in, from, with
𒀸 ina
𒄿𒈾 ina: in, from, with
with
axes [??]
𒃻𒄢 akkullu: hatchet, pick, pickaxe, adze
𒀝𒆰𒆷𒋼 ak.kul.la.te
𒃻𒄢 akkullu: hatchet, pick, pickaxe, adze
pickaxes
of
𒃻 ša: who, which, of
𒃻 ša2
𒃻 ša: who, which, of
of
copper alloys
𒍏 urud: copper; 𒄭𒀀 hi.a: mix, alloy
𒍏𒄭𒀀 URUDU.HI.A
𒍏 urud: copper; 𒄭𒀀 hi.a: mix, alloy
copper alloys
indeed
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
𒇻𒌋 lu.u
𒇻 lu: let, may, indeed
indeed
[I did] cut down.
𒉺𒍝𒁺 paṣadu: cut into, break up, shatter
𒌒𒋫𒊍𒍢𒀉 up.ta.aṣ.ṣi.id
𒉺𒍝𒁺 paṣadu: cut into, break up, shatter
[I did] cut.