Gregory: History of the Franks
The History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours tells how the Frankish empire was founded. As usual, the text is pun-encrypted, and as usual, the new empire is just a continuation of the older empire in a new disguise: The Frankish elites were really descendants of Roman overlords, just like the Roman elites were descendants of Phoenician overlords. The entirety of human history is an endless continuity of aristocratic deception, while the Western hemisphere history is a continuation of Phoenician deception specifically.
Introduction
Gregory of Tours (538–594 AD) was a Catholic bishop & historian, born into an upper-class insider family of senators & bishops, during the Merovingian period, when the Frankish Merovingian dynasty succeeded the collapsing Western Roman Empire. Gregory wrote the Historia Francorum, the “History of the Franks”. As we would expect, the text is encrypted, and is really about how the Romans disguised themselves as Franks, to gain control of those otherwise hard to conquer territories.
That the Western Roman empire collapsed on itself, while a new empire rose almost immediately, covering much of the same territory, that is suspicious enough not to trust the official story. I have not yet decrypted the founding of the Frankish empire, but since everything else is just a repetition of the founding of Rome by disguised Phoenicians, including the writing of pun-encrypted histories, we can safely assume that the Frankish empire was just a continuation of the same old eternally-ruling families, just with new disguises & headquarters. That Catholic medieval Latin texts are encrypted just like the Roman ones also proves as much.
The short section I’ve decrypted so far tells how the Roman rulers send troupes of actors disguised as Franks into the Frankish woodlands, who play-enact mock battles with Roman soldiers to impress the local Franks.
(As an additional hint, the later Chronicle of Fredegar claims that the Franks came originally from Troy, which is the codeword for Phoenician Tyre, used throughout Virgil’s Aeneid & Livy’s History.)
References
- Monumenta.ch (Latin text)
- Dalton translation, Oxford University Press (English translation)
How to read this
- In the interlinear word-by-word translation, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
- Use the to choose your level: for secret meaning only, for secret & official English texts, for word-by-word vocabulary, for original text & glyphs.
- Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
- Official meaning is marked with light green.
- Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
- Please read the introduction, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
- Religious readers should proceed with care.
History of the Franks
Roman rulers cannot rule Northern Europe openly, so they colonize it secretly.
Historia Francorum 2.9.1.a
Encrypted: As of the Frankish actual kings, who actually was the first is to many unknown. For even though many things about them Sulpicius Alexander tells in his history, not however the king first does he in any respect name, but only that some rulers they had he says.
Official: As of the Frankish real kings, who actually was the first is to many unknown. For even though many things about them Sulpicius Alexander tells in his history, not however the king first does he in any respect name, but only that dukes they had he says.
As of
de: of, from, about
De
de: of, from, about
As of
the Frankish
Francus: Frankish
Francorum
Francus: Frankish
the Frankish
actual
vero: actual
vero
vero: true, real
real
kings,
rex / regibus: king, ruler
regibus
rex / regibus: king, ruler
kings,
who
quid / quis: who, what
quis
quid / quis: who, what
who
[actually] was
sum / fuerit: be
fuerit
sum / fuerit: be
[actually] was
the first
primus: first
primus
primus: first
the first
[is] to
a: from, by, to
a
a: from, by, to
[is] to
many
multus: many
multis
multus: many
many
unknown.
ignoro: ignore, not know
ignoratur
ignoro: ignore, not know
unknown.
For
nam: for
Nam
nam: for
For
[even though]
cum: with
cum
cum: with
[even though]
many [things]
multus: many
multa
multus: many
many [things]
about
de: of, from, about
de
de: of, from, about
about
them
is / eis: he who, that
eis
is / eis: he who, that
them
Sulpicius [??]
Sulpicius: Sulpicius
Sulpici
Sulpicius: Sulpicius
Sulpicius
Alexander [??]
Alexander: Alexander
Alexandri
Alexander: Alexander
Alexander
tells
narro: narrate, tell
narret
narro: narrate, tell
tells
[in his] history,
historia: history
historia
historia: history
[in his] history,
not
non: not
non
non: not
not
however
tamen: however, yet, still
tamen
tamen: however, yet, still
however
the king
rex / regem: king, ruler
regem
rex / regem: king, ruler
the king
first
primus: first
primum
primus: first
first
[does] he
is / eorum: he who, that
eorum
is / eorum: he who, that
[does] he
in any respect
ullatenus: in any respect whatever
ullatinus
ullatenus: in any respect whatever
in any respect
name,
nomino: name
nominat
nomino: name
name,
but [only]
sed: but
sed
sed: but
but [only]
[that some] rulers
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
duces
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
[that] dukes
they
is / eos: he who, that
eos
is / eos: he who, that
they
had
habeo: have
habuisse
habeo: have
had
[he] says.
dico: say
dicit
dico: say
[he] says.
Historia Francorum 2.9.1.b
Encrypted: Those things yet of the same events as he recorded, I will relate as they appeared there. For after saying that when the Greatest rulers were within the North, they lost all hope of ruling there directly, and instead as if they were friendly settled there, the author adds the following:
Official: Those things yet of the same events as he recorded, I will relate as they appeared there. For after saying that when Magnus Maximus was within Aquileia, he lost all hope of ruling, and as if demented remained thereafter, the author adds the following:
Those [things]
qui / quae: who, what
Quae
qui / quae: who, what
Those [things]
yet
tamen: however, yet, still
tamen
tamen: however, yet, still
yet
of
de: of, from, about
de
de: of, from, about
of
the same [events]
idem / eisdem: the same
eisdem
idem / eisdem: the same
the same [events]
[as he] recorded,
refero: refer, record
referat
refero: refer, record
[as he] recorded,
[I will] relate
memoro: remember, relate
memorare
memoro: remember, relate
[I will] relate
[as they] appeared [there].
video: see, appear
videtur
video: see, appear
[as they] appeared [there].
For
nam: for
Nam
nam: for
For
after
cum: with
cum
cum: with
after
saying
dico: say
dicit
dico: say
saying
[that when] the Greatest [rulers?]
maximus: greatest, highest, most distinguished
Maximum
Maximus: Maximus
[that when Magnus] Maximus
[were] within
intra: within
intra
intra: within
[was] within
the North,
aquilonius: northern
Aquileiam
Aquileia: Aquileia
Aquileia,
[they] lost
amitto: lose
amissam
amitto: lose
[he] lost
all
omnis: all, whole
omnem
omnis: all, whole
all
hope
spes: hope
spem
spes: hope
hope
of ruling [there directly],
imperium: rule, command
imperii
imperium: rule, command
of ruling,
[and instead] as if
quasi: as if
quasi
quasi: as if
[and] as if
[they were?] friendly
amans: loving, friendly, kind
amentem
amens: demented, insane, foolish
demented
settled [there],
resido: settle
resedere
resideo: reside, remain, stay
remained [thereafter],
[the author] adds [the following]:
adiungo: add, join
adiungit
adiungo: add, join
[the author] adds [the following]:
Historia Francorum 2.9.1.c
Encrypted: At that time, the hidden families, the dressed-up nobles and those without public name, these rulers as the Franks in Germania appeared, and with many common mortals they settled it undiscovered and casually, the fertile most of those districts and of those populations, and even into the settlers then being colonized substitutes they injected.
Official: At that time, Genobaud, Marcomer and Sunno, these rulers of the Franks into Germania broke, and with much mortality the border they invaded with slaughter, the fertile most of those districts they plundered, and even into Agrippina, now being Cologne, fear they instilled.
At
eo: there, until
Eo
eo: there, until
At
[that] time,
tempus: time
tempore
tempus: time
[that] time,
the hidden families [??],
geno: beget; gens: family, clan; abdo / abdes: cover, hide, conceal
Genobaude
Genobaudes: Genobaudes
Genobaud,
the dressed-up nobles [??]
mas / maria: man, noble; como / comere: arrange, adorn, dress
Marcomere
Marcomer: Marcomer
Marcomer
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
[those] without [public] name [??],
sine: without; nomen: name
Sunnone
Sunno / Sunnone: Sunno
Sunno,
[these] rulers
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
ducibus
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
[these] rulers
[as???] the Franks [??]
Francus: Frankish
Franci
Francus: Frankish
of the Franks
in
in: in
in
in: in
into
Germania
Germania: Germania
Germaniam
Germania: Germania
Germania
appeared,
prorumpo: make an appearance
prorupere
prorumpo: rush forth, break out
broke,
and
ac: and also
ac
ac: and also
and
[with] many
plus / pluribus: many, more
pluribus
plus / pluribus: many, more
[with] much
[common] mortals
mortalis: mortal
mortalium
mortalis: mortal
mortality
[they] settled [it]
limo / limatus: rub, whet, polish, detract gradually from; limito: limit, fix, settle, determine
limite
limito: bound, limit
the border
undiscovered
inrepertus / inreperto: not discovered
inrupto
inrumpo / inrupto: invade, break in
[they] invaded
[and] casually [??],
casu: casually
caesis
caedo / caesus: cut, kill, slay, slaughter
[with] slaughter,
the fertile
fertilis: fertile, fruitful
fertiles
fertilis: fertile, fruitful
the fertile
most
maxime: most
maxime
maxime: most
most
[of those] districts
pagus: country district
pagus
pagus: country district
[of those] districts
[and?] of [those] populations,
de: of, from; populus / populo: people
depopulati
depopulo: sack, plunder, pillage
[they] plundered,
[and even into] the settlers
agripeta: settler
Agrippinensi
Agrippina: Agrippina
[and even into] Agrippina,
then [being]
etiam: even now
etiam
etiam: even now
now [being]
colonized
colonia: colony, possession in land
Coloniae
Colonia: Cologne
Cologne,
substitutes
muto: mutate, modify, change, exchange, substitute for
metum
metuo: fear, afraid
fear
[they] injected.
inicio: inject, infuse, bring into
incusserunt
incutio: strike against, instill
[they] instilled.
Roman rulers leave bulk of army behind, have their actors disguise as Franks.
Historia Francorum 2.9.2.a
Encrypted: When as far as into the tribal lands the hiding had been done, of the Nothing-New strategists and the Mockers, the military masters to whom the hostiles’ deception and the defense of Gaul the Greatest rulers had entrusted, gathered their performers, and with regional clothing had them assembled.
Official: When as far as Treves the announcement was coming, Nanninus and Quintinus, the military masters to whom his infant son and the defense of Gaul Maximus had entrusted, gathered their troops, and at Agrippina assembled.
[When] as far
quod: as far as, until
Quod
quod: as far as, until
[When] as far
as
ubi: where, as
ubi
ubi: where, as
as
[into] the tribal [lands?]
tribuarius: relating to a tribe
Treverus
Treveri / Treverus: Treveri
Treves
the hiding
perlateo / perlatemus: lie completely hidden
perlatum
perfero / perlatum / perlatus: carry through, announce
the announcement
had been [done],
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
was [coming],
of the Nothing-New [strategists???]
non: not; novus: new
Nanninus
Nanninus: Nanninus; Naniemus: Naniemus
Nanninus
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
the Mockers,
convitium / convitiis: mockery
Quintinus
Quintinus: Quintinus
Quintinus,
the military
militaris: military
militaris
militaris: military
the military
masters
magister: master
magistri
magister: master
masters
to whom
qui / quibus: who, which
quibus
qui / quibus: who, which
to whom
the hostiles’
infensus: hostile, enraged
infantiam
infans: infant, child
[his] infant
deception
fallo / falsus: deceive, cheat; falsus: false
filii
filius: son
son
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
the defense
defendo / defensus: defend
defensionem
defendo / defensus: defend
the defense
of Gaul [???]
Gallia / Galliarum: Gaul
Galliarum
Gallia / Galliarum: Gaul
of Gaul
the Greatest [rulers?]
maximus: greatest, highest, most distinguished
Maximus
Maximus: Maximus
Maximus
had entrusted,
committo: commit, entrust
conmiserat
committo: commit, entrust
had entrusted,
gathered
colligo / collectus: collect, gather
collecto
colligo / collectus: collect, gather
gathered
[their] performers,
exercens: performer
exercitu
exercitus: army, troop, infantry
[their] troops,
[and] with
apud: by, with
apud
apud: at, near
[and] at
regional clothing [???]
ager / agri: land, territory, country; pannus / panni: cloth, garment
Agripinam
Agrippina: Agrippina
Agrippina
[had them] assembled.
convenio: convene, meet, assemble
convenerunt
convenio: convene, meet, assemble
assembled.
Historia Francorum 2.9.2.b
Encrypted: And even very respectful to this appearance were the foreigners from the provinces fertile of those populations, when into this new dress-up they changed. And many more of their men in the Roman lands the Roman rulers had left alone, to replicate to be from the local population, in their preparations.
Official: But laden with loot were the enemies, from the provinces fertile they had plundered, when the Rhine river they crossed. And many more of their men in the Roman lands the Franks had left alone, to repeat the plundering, in their preparations.
[And] even
sed: but even
Sed
sed: but
But
[very] respectful [???]
honestus: honest, respectable, decent, proper
onusti
onustus: laden
laden
[to this???] appearance [?]
prodeo: come forth, appear
praeda
praeda: booty, loot, spoils
[with] loot
[were] the foreigners
hostis: hostile, stranger, foreigner, enemy
hostes
hostis: hostile, stranger, foreigner, enemy
[were] the enemies,
[from] the provinces
provincia: province
provinciarum
provincia: province
[from] the provinces
fertile
opimus: rich, fertile, abundant
opima
opimus: rich, fertile, abundant
fertile
of [those] populations,
de: of, from; populus / populo: people
depopulati
depopulo: sack, plunder, pillage
[they] had plundered,
[when into this new] dress-up [???]
orno / ornem: ornament, decorate, dress
Rhenum
Rhenus / Rhenum: Rhine
[when] the Rhine [river]
[they] changed.
transeo: change, transform
transierunt
transeo: go over, cross
[they] crossed.
[And] many [more]
plus / pluribus: many, more
pluribus
plus / pluribus: many, more
[And] many [more]
of their [men]
suus / suorum: his, theirs
suorum
suus / suorum: his, theirs
of their [men]
in
in: in
in
in: in
in
the Roman [lands]
Romanus: Roman
Romano
Romanus: Roman
the Roman [lands]
[the Roman rulers] had left
relictus: derelict, abandoned, left untouched
relictis
relictus: derelict, abandoned, left untouched
[the Franks] had left
alone,
solus: sole, alone
solo
solus: sole, alone
alone,
to
ad: at, to
ad
ad: at, to
to
replicate
repeto: repeat
repetendam
repeto: repeat
repeat
[to be] from the [local] population,
de: of, from; populus / populo: people
depopulationem
depopulo: sack, plunder, pillage
the plundering,
[in their] preparations.
paratus: prepared, ready
paratis
paratus: prepared, ready
[in their] preparations.
Historia Francorum 2.9.2.c
Encrypted: By means of these preparations then approached them the Roman actors as it was, and many Franks in the view of duplicated souls in this concealed way were displayed.
Official: With these rearguards then met the Romans under such convenient circumstances as it was, and many Franks at the forest of Carbonaria with the sword were attacked.
By means of
cum: using, by means of
cum
cum: with
With
these [preparations]
qui / quibus: who, which
quibus
qui / quibus: who, which
these [rearguards]
[then] approached [them]
congredior / congressus: meet, approach
congressus
congredior / congressus: meet, approach
[then] met
the Roman
Romanus: Roman
Romanis
Romanus: Roman
the Romans
actors
comoedus: comedian, comic actor
adcomodus
accomodus: fitting, convenient, suitable to
[under such] convenient [circumstances]
[as it] was,
sum / fuit: be
fuit
sum / fuit: be
[as it] was,
[and] many
multus: many
multis
multus: many
[and] many
Franks
Francus: Frankish
Francorum
Francus: Frankish
Franks
in the view of [??]
apud: in the view or sight of, before
apud
apud: at, by, among
at
duplicated souls [???]
cor: heart, soul; bino / binare: duplicate
Carbonariam
Carbonaria: Carbonaria, charcoal forest
[the forest of] Carbonaria
[in this] concealed [way???]
furtivus / furtivum: furtive, secret, concealed
ferro
ferrum: iron, sword
[with] the sword
were displayed.
promo / promptus: bring into view, display on the stage
perimptis
per: through; impeto / impetis: attack, assail
were attacked.
Some Romans disguise as blonde, pious savages, others don’t want to become Franks.
Historia Francorum 2.9.3.a
Encrypted: However, the Romans still discussed hotly whether entirely into Franks to be changed they should. And the Nothing-New faction refused, because they feared the Franks could not be governed like this, and in territory of their own it would be in doubt that easily swindled they would be, that much was understood.
Official: However, the Romans still discussed hotly whether into Frankish territory to cross they should. And Nanninus refused, because he feared the Franks would be not unprepared, and in territory of their own undoubtedly stronger would be, that much was understood.
However,
cumque: however
Cumque
cumque: however
However,
[the Romans still] discussed
consulto: consult, discuss
consultaretur
consulto: consult, discuss
[the Romans still] discussed
hotly [??]
succendo / succensu: set on fire
succensu
succendo / succensu: set on fire
hotly [??]
whether
an: whether, either, or
an
an: whether, either, or
whether
[entirely] into
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
into
Franks
Francus: Frankish
Franciam
Francus: Frankish
Frankish [territory]
to be changed
transeo: be changed into
transire
transeo: go over, cross
to cross
[they] should.
debeo: must, should
deberit
debeo: must, should
[they] should.
[And] the Nothing-New [faction]
non: not; novus: new
Nannenus
Nanninus: Nanninus; Naniemus: Naniemus
[And] Nanninus
refused,
abnueo: refuse, decline, reject
abnuit
abnueo: refuse, decline, reject
refused,
because [they feared the Franks could]
quia: because
quia
quia: because
because [he feared the Franks would be]
not
non: not
non
non: not
not
be governed [like this],
imperito: command, govern; impar: inferior
inparatus
imparatus: not prepared, unready
unprepared,
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
in
in: in
in
in: in
in
territory
locus: locality, place, territory
locis
locus: locality, place, territory
territory
of their [own]
suus / suis: his, theirs
suis
suus / suis: his, theirs
of their [own]
[it would be?] in doubt [???]
in: in; dubius: dubious, doubtful
indubiae
indubius: not doubtful, certain
undoubtedly
[that easily] swindled
fraudo / fraudatis: defraud, cheat
fortiores
fortis: strong, powerful
stronger
[they] would be,
futurus: about to be, future
futurus
futurus: about to be, future
would be,
[that much] was understood.
scio: know, understand
sciebat
scio: know, understand
[that much] was understood.
Historia Francorum 2.9.3.b
Encrypted: This opinion with the Mocker faction and the rest of the men of their military was displeasing, so the Nothing-New faction to being regular magnates returned, and the Mockers with their performers into having all around them a new kind of defensive dress-up they crossed, as inferiors of golden-haired pious rural communities of appearance worthless, and into such people they changed by deception as a cover.
Official: This opinion with Quintinus and the rest of the warriors of his military was displeasing, so Nanninus to Mainz returned, and Quintinus with the other troops around Neuss castle the Rhine river they crossed, and on the second day of a riverside march houses that of inhabitants had been emptied, and huge villages that were deserted they encountered.
This [opinion]
qui / quod: who, which, that
Quod
qui / quod: who, which, that
This [opinion]
with
cum: with
cum
cum: with
with
the Mocker [faction]
convitium / convitiis: mockery
Quintino
Quintinus / Quintinum: Quintinus
Quintinus
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
the rest
reliquus: remaining, surviving
reliquis
reliquus: remaining, surviving
the rest
of the men
vir: man, warrior
viris
vir: man, warrior
of the warriors
of [their] military
militaris: military, warlike
militaribus
militaris: military, warlike
of [his] military
was displeasing,
displiceo: displease
displicuisset
displiceo: displease
was displeasing,
[so] the Nothing-New [faction??]
non: no; nomen: name
Nanneno
Nanninus: Nanninus
[so] Nanninus
[to being regular] magnates
magnatus / magnatum: magnate, baron
Mogontiacum
Mogontiacum: Mainz
[to] Mainz
returned,
reversio: reversing, return
reverso
reversio: reversing, return
returned,
[and] the Mockers
convitium / convitiis: mockery
Quintinus
Quintinus: Quintinus
[and] Quintinus
with
cum: with
cum
cum: with
with
[their] performers
exercens: performer
exercitu
exercitus: army, troop, infantry
[the other] troops
[into having?] all around [them]
circa: with, all around
circa
circa: around, about
around
a new
novus / novum: new
Nivisium
Novaesium: Neuss
Neuss
[kind of] defensive
castellum: shelter, defence, refuge
castellum
castellum: castle, fortress
castle
dress-up [???]
orno / ornem: ornament, decorate, dress
Rhenum
Rhenus / Rhenum: Rhine
the Rhine [river]
[they] crossed,
transgredior / transgressus: cross
transgressus
transgredior / transgressus: cross
[they] crossed,
[as?] inferiors
secundus: secondary, subordinate, inferior
secundis
secundus: second
[and on] the second [day]
of
a: from, out of, to, at
a
a: from, out of, to, at
of
golden-haired [???]
flavus: golden-haired
fluvio
fluvius: river, stream
a river[side]
pious [???]
castus / castior: morally pure, pious, religious
castris
castra: camp, day’s march; castro: unman
march
rural [communities???]
casa: cottage, rural property, small farm
casas
casa: house
houses
of appearance
habitus: habit, dress, external aspect, appearance
habitatoribus
habitator: inhabitant
[that of] inhabitants
worthless [???],
vacuus: void, worthless, unprofitable
vacuas
vacuus: vacant, empty
had been emptied,
and
atque: and also
atque
atque: and also
and
into [such] people
in: into; gens / gentes: people
ingentes
ingens / ingentes: huge, enormous
huge
[they] changed
vicis: turn, change, exchange
vicos
vicus: village, hamlet
villages
[by] deception
destituo: delude, deceive, cheat
distitutos
destituo: desert, leave, abandon
[that] were deserted
[as] a cover.
offundo: spread over, cover
offendit
offendo: come upon, find, encounter
[they] encountered.
Historia Francorum 2.9.4.a
Encrypted: But to be Franks they really had just simulated by modification, to have themselves into those remote woodland communities received, whom they had adapted themselves to so that by external appearances those masses they could manage.
Official: But the Franks really had just simulated fear, and had themselves into more remote forests recovered, to which barricades made by the ends of trees they had administered.
[But to be] Franks
Francus: Frankish
Franci
Francus: Frankish
[But] the Franks
[they] really
enim: truly, really
enim
enim: truly, really
really
had [just] simulated
simulo: simulate, feign, pretend
simulatu
simulo: simulate, feign, pretend
had [just] simulated
[by] modification,
muto / mutatus: mutate, modify, change, exchange, substitute for
metu
metus / metu: fear, dread
fear,
[to have] themselves
se: oneself
se
se: oneself
[and had] themselves
into
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
into
[those] remote
remotus: remote, distant, withdrawn
remotiores
remotus: remote, distant, withdrawn
more remote
woodland [communities]
saltus: ravine, forest-pasture, woodland
saltus
saltus: ravine, forest-pasture, woodland
forests
received,
recipio: receive, accept, admit
reciperant
recipero: recover, restore
recovered,
[whom they?] had adapted themselves to [??]
concedo: give way to, adapt one’s self to
concidibus
concaedes: barricade of felled trees, abatis
[to which?] barricades
[so that?] by
per: by, by means of
per
per: by, by means of
[made] by
external [appearances?]
exter / exterum: external, outer, outward, foreign
extrema
extremum: limit, outside, end
the ends
[those] masses
silva: crowded mass
silvarum
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
of trees
[they could] manage.
procuro: manage, administer
procuratis
procuro: manage, administer
[they] had administered.
Historia Francorum 2.9.4.b
Encrypted: And so all the noble houses appeared in that perception to all the ignobles, victory to achieve in this way they reckoned. Any harmful stirring militants, under their new armor’s oppression scheme they would deceive them.
Official: And so all the empty houses were burned up by the Romans, in that venting of anger, on the whole very uselessly, but the Romans victory to achieve in this way they reckoned. That night, distressed the soldiers under their arms’ heavy burden they passed it.
And so
itaque: therefore, and so, in this way
Itaque
itaque: therefore, and so, in this way
And so
all
universus: the mass
universis
universus: whole, entire, all
all
the [noble?] houses
domus: household, family
domibus
domus: house
the [empty] houses
appeared
exsisto / exsistis: exist, appear, emerge, become
exustis
exuro / exustis: burn up, destroy by fire
were burned up [by the Romans],
in
in: in
in
in: in
in
that
qui / quas: who, what, that
quas
qui / quas: who, what, that
that
perception
scio / sciverit: know, perceive
saevire
saevio / saevierit: rage, violent, vent anger
venting of anger,
[to] all the
soliditas: solidity, the whole
soliditas
soliditas: solidity, the whole
[on] the whole
ignobles,
ignavus: ignoble, cowardly, useless
ignava
ignavus: ignoble, cowardly, useless
[very] uselessly,
victory
victoria: victory
victoriae
victoria: victory
[but the Romans] victory
to achieve [in this way]
consummatio: consummation, completion, achievement
consummationem
consummatio: consummation, completion, achievement
to achieve [in this way]
[they] reckoned.
repono: put in place of, substitute for
reponebat
repono: restore, place, reckon
[they] reckoned.
[Any] harmful
noxius: noxious, harmful
nocte
nox / noxis: night
[That] night,
stirring
sollicito: stir up, arouse, agitate, incite
sollicita
sollicito: disturb, worry, distress
distressed
militants,
miles / militis: soldier
militis
miles / militis: soldier
the soldiers
under
sub: under
sub
sub: under
under
[their new] armor’s
arma: armor, defence, shield
armorum
arma: arms, weaponry
[their] arms’
oppression [scheme]
onero: oppress
onere
onero: load, burden
[heavy] burden
[they would] deceive [them].
duco: lead, cheat, deceive
duxerant
duco: pass, spend
[they] passed [it].
Roman actors gather in the woods to prepare hoaxing Frankish mock battles.
Historia Francorum 2.9.4.c
Encrypted: Also for the first revelation of this mockery, all beforehand perceived and considered, they would begin in the woods in the center about some appointed day, and would envelop themselves in a deceptive fashion, as if all wandering tribesmen they were.
Official: Also at the first dawn, by Quintinus to fight being led, they entered the glades in the center about midday, and became involved themselves in a maze of roads, all wandering they were.
Also
ac: and also
Ac
ac: and also
Also
[for] the first
primus: first
primo
primus: first
[at] the first
revelation
delico: reveal, disclose
diluculo
diluculum: dawn, daybreak
dawn,
[of this] mockery,
convitium / convitiis: mockery
Quintino
Quintinus: Quintinus
[by] Quintinus
[all] beforehand perceived
praeolo: perceive before
proelii
proelior: fight
to fight
[and] considered,
duco: think, consider, regard
duci
duco: lead, command
being led,
[they would] begin
ingredior: enter, undertake, begin
ingressi
ingredior: enter, undertake, begin
[they] entered
[in?] the woods
saltus: ravine, forest-pasture, woodland
saltus
saltus: ravine, forest-pasture, woodland
the glades
in
in: in
in
in: in
in
the center
medium: medium, middle, center
medium
medium: medium, middle, center
the center
about
fere: almost, about, nearly
fere
fere: almost, about, nearly
about
[some?] appointed day,
dies: set day, appointed time
diem
dies: day
[mid]day,
[and would] envelop
implico: envelop, inwrap, embrace
inplicantes
implico: implicate, involve, join
[and became] involved
themselves
se: oneself
se
se: oneself
themselves
[in] a deceptive
error: delusion, deception
erroribus
error: error, maze
[in] a maze
fashion,
via: method, mode, manner, fashion
viarum
via: way, road, street
of roads,
[as if?] all
totus: total, all
toto
totus: total, all
all
wandering [tribesmen??]
pervagor: pervade, extend, wander through
pervagati
pervagor: pervade, extend, wander through
wandering
[they] were.
sum / sunt: be
sunt
sum / sunt: be
[they] were.
Historia Francorum 2.9.5.a
Encrypted: Finally, into such people having clothed themselves, in all respects by these means being densely enclosed and covered, then into a modeled battlefield that to the woods was connected, to make an appearance there they would start.
Official: Finally, huge fences everything with them being densely enclosed they encountered, then into the marshy plains that to the woods were connected, to rush there they attempted.
Finally,
tandem: finally, at last
Tandem
tandem: finally, at last
Finally,
cum: with
cum
cum: with
into [such] people
in: into; gens / gentibus: people
ingentibus
ingens / ingentibus: huge, enormous
huge
having clothed [themselves?],
saepio: envelop, clothe, cover, protect
saeptis
saepio: fence in, enclose, surround
fences
in all respects
omnia: in all respects
omnia
omnia: everything
everything
by [these] means
a: by means of
a
a: by, from, to, with
with [them]
[being] densely
solidus: solid, dense
solido
solidus: solid, dense
[being] densely
enclosed
claudo: close, enclose, besiege, confine
clausa
claudo: close, enclose, besiege, confine
enclosed
[and] covered,
offundo: spread over, cover
offendissent
offendo: come upon, find, encounter
[they] encountered,
[then] into
in: in
in
in: in
[then] into
a modeled [??]
plastrum: plaster; plastes: modeller, moulder
palustres
paluster: marshy; palus: swamp, marsh
the marshy
battlefield [???]
campus: open space for battle, battlefield
campus
campus: campus, plain
plains
that
qui: who, what, that
qui
qui: who, what, that
that
[to] the woods
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
silvis
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
[to] the woods
was connected,
iungo / iungebantur: join, unite, connect
iungebantur
iungo / iungebantur: join, unite, connect
were connected,
to make an appearance [there]
prorumpo: make an appearance
prorumpere
prorumpo: rush forth, break out
to rush [there]
[they would] start.
molior: start, begin, attempt
molientibus
molior: start, begin, attempt
[they] attempted.
Roman actors play-enact injured Franks, smeared with paint to appear mortally wounded.
Historia Francorum 2.9.5.b
Encrypted: Of their actors a few would appear, who were enacting barbarians who were mutilated, or pretend to be survivors, and as if from sharp terrible wounds they were in pain, in this manner they were brought forth.
Official: Of the hostiles a few then appeared, who on connected tree trunks or barricades stood, and as if from the top of a citadel arrows from engines, in this manner they shot.
Of [their] actors
histrio / histrionum: stage-player, actor
hostium
hostis: hostile, stranger, foreigner, enemy
Of the hostiles
a few
rarus / rare: rare, few
rare
rarus / rare: rare, few
a few
[would] appear,
appareo: appear, visible
apparuere
appareo: appear, visible
[then] appeared,
who
qui: who, what, that
qui
qui: who, what, that
who
were enacting
con-: with; ago / acti: act, play, perform
coniuncti
con-: with; iungo / iuncti: join, connect
[on] connected
barbarians
barbarus / barbarum: barbaric, savage, hostile
arborum
arbor / arborum: tree, tree trunk
tree
[who] were mutilated,
truncus: maimed, mutilated
truncis
truncus: trunk of a tree
trunks
or
vel: or, even
vel
vel: or, even
or
pretend
concido: deceive, cheat, defraud
concidibus
concaedes: barricade of felled trees, abatis
barricades
to be survivors,
superstes: surviving, outliving
superstantes
supersto: stand on top, stand over
stood,
[and] as if
velut: just as, as if
velut
velut: just as, as if
[and] as if
from
ex / e: out of, from
e
ex / e: out of, from
from
sharp [???]
fastigium: sharp point; fastidium: scornful contempt
fastigiis
fastigium: peak, summit, top
the top
terrible [???]
terror / terroris: terror
turrium
turris: tower, citadel
of a citadel
wounds [???]
saucio / sauciatus: wound, hurt, gash, stab
sagittas
sagitta: arrow
arrows
[they were in] pain [???],
tormentum: torment, torture, pain
turmentorum
tormentum: windlass, engine for hurling stones, missile
[from?] engines,
[in this] manner
ritus: rite, custom, way, manner
ritu
ritus: rite, custom, way, manner
[in this] manner
[they] were brought forth.
effundo: bring forth, let go, dismiss
effudere
effundo: discharge, emit, shower, volley
[they] shot.
Historia Francorum 2.9.5.c
Encrypted: They were smeared over with herbs of dyeing color, so that on the top of the skin, on any usually not death inflicting places, such wounds as they would be otherwise, now seemed so dangerous that as deadly they would be observed.
Official: Those were smeared over with herbs of poison, so that even on the top of the skin, on usually not death inflicting places, such wounds as they would be otherwise, were now so dangerous that death would follow.
[They] were smeared over
inlino / inlitus: smear over, anoint
inlitas
inlino / inlitus: smear over, anoint
[Those] were smeared over
[with] herbs
herba: herb, grass
herbarum
herba: herb, grass
[with] herbs
of dyeing color,
venenum: color, dye, paint
venenis
venenum: venom, poison
of poison,
so that
ut: to, in order that
ut
ut: to, in order that
so that
[on] the top
summus: highest, top
summe
summus: highest, top
[even on] the top
of the skin,
cutis: skin
cutis
cutis: skin
of the skin,
[on any usually] not
neque: nor, and not
neque
neque: nor, and not
[on usually] not
death
letalis: lethal, deadly
letalibuse
letalis: lethal, deadly
death
inflicting
inflecto: change, alter
inflicta
infligo / inflictus: inflict, impose
inflicting
places,
locus: locality, place
locis
locus: locality, place
places,
[such] wounds
vulnero: wound, injure
vulnera
vulnero: wound, injure
[such] wounds
[as they would be] otherwise,
aut: or, otherwise
aut
aut: or, otherwise
[as they would be] otherwise,
[now seemed so] dangerous
dubius: dubious, dangerous, critical
dubiae
dubius: dubious, dangerous, critical
[were now so] dangerous
[that as?] deadly
mors / mortis: death
mortis
mors / mortis: death
[that] death
[they would] be observed.
sequor: obey, observe, spread over
sequerentur
sequor: follow, ensue
[would] follow.
Roman actors run into the open field and stage their mock-battles.
Historia Francorum 2.9.6.a
Encrypted: Then, into great crowds of actors crowded were these performers, and into the open plains that were free to be seen by the Franks they left, eagerly spilling the false blood they were.
Official: Then, by ever greater crowds of hostiles crowded were the troops, and into the open plains that were free of the Franks they left, eagerly pouring out they were.
Then,
dehinc: then, after that
Dehinc
dehinc: then, after that
Then,
[into?] great
magnus / maior: great, vast
maiore
magnus / maior: great, vast
[by ever] greater
crowds
multitudo: multitude, crowd
multitudine
multitudo: multitude, crowd
crowds
of actors
histrio / histrionum: stage-player, actor
hostium
hostis / hostium: hostile, stranger, foreigner, enemy
of hostiles
crowded
circumfundo: crowd around
circumfusus
circumfundo: crowd around
crowded
[were these] performers,
exercens: performer
exercitus
exercitus: army, troop, infantry
[were] the troops,
[and] into
in: into
in
in: into
[and] into
the open
apertus: open, public, exposed
aperta
apertus: open, public, exposed
the open
plains
campus: campus, plain
camporum
campus: campus, plain
plains
that
qui / quae: who, what, that
quae
qui / quae: who, what, that
that
were free [to be seen?]
libero: liberate, free
libera
libero: liberate, free
were free
[by?] the Franks
Francus: Frankish
Franci
Francus: Frankish
of the Franks
[they] left,
relinquo: leave behind, abandon
reliquerant
relinquo: leave behind, abandon
[they] left,
eagerly
avide: eagerly, impatiently
avide
avide: eagerly, impatiently
eagerly
spilling [the false?] blood
affundo: spill blood
effusus
effundo: discharge, pour out
pouring out
[they] were.
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
[they] were.
Historia Francorum 2.9.6.b
Encrypted: And then to be killed in likeness they actually could insinuate, so confounding were the persons and imitations of the bodies, falling down by taking turns in their concealments they were.
Official: And then at first the horsemen in water holes became immersed, so mixed together were of men and beasts the bodies, destroying each other mutually with their pressure they were.
And [then]
ac: and also
Ac
ac: and also
And [then]
to be killed [???]
perimo / perimis: kill, slay
primi
primus: first
at first
[in] likeness
aequus: equal, like
equites
eques: horseman, cavalryman; equus: horse
the horsemen
[they] actually [???]
vere: really, truly, actually; -ago: (suffix)
voraginibus
vorago: deep hole; voro: swallow up; -ago: (suffix)
[in] water holes
[could] insinuate,
immergo: insinuate
inmersi
immergo: immerse, dip
[became] immersed,
[so] confounding
permisceo: confound
permixtis
permisceo: mix together
[so] mixed together
[were] the persons
homo: person
hominum
homo: man
[were] of men
and imitations
imitamentum: imitating, imitation; -que: and
iumentorumque
iumentum: beast of burden, horse, mule; -que: and
and beasts
of the bodies,
corpus: body, person, self
corporibus
corpus: body, person, self
the bodies,
falling down
ruina: collapse, falling down
ruinam
ruina: ruin, destruction
destroying
by [taking] turns
invicem: in turn, by turns, one after another
invicem
invicem: mutually
[each other] mutually
[in] their
suus / suorum: his, theirs
suorum
suus / suorum: his, theirs
[with] their
concealments
opprimo / oppressus: oppress, suppress, hide, conceal
oppraessi
opprimo / oppressus: press down, crush
pressure
[they] were.
sum / sunt: be
sunt
sum / sunt: be
[they] were.
Real, undisguised Roman soldiers play the enemy in mock-battles, but must disappear quickly.
Historia Francorum 2.9.6.c
Encrypted: Real Roman foot soldiers also, of whom none were covered in such likeness and scorn, also joined the oblique act, but without displaying any advance, so they would soon turn back themselves, to that place that just a little before only just they had emerged from, and in the forest obscurely they hid themselves.
Official: The Roman foot soldiers also, of whom none were pressed on by the horses and crushed, still became entangled in the mud, and lacked the strength to disentangle their steps, so they would soon turn back themselves, to that place that just a little before only just they had emerged from, and in the forest panicking they hid themselves.
[Real Roman???] foot soldiers
pedes: pedestrian, foot soldier, infantryman
Pedites
pedes: pedestrian, foot soldier, infantryman
The [Roman] foot soldiers
also,
etiam: and also, even now
etiam
etiam: and also, even now
also,
of whom
qui / quos: who, what, that
quos
qui / quos: who, what, that
of whom
none
nullus: no, none
nulla
nullus: no, none
none
were covered
onero: cover
onera
onero: load, burden, oppress
were pressed on
[in such] likeness
aequus: equal, like
equorum
equus: horse
[by] the horses
[and] scorn,
calco: scorn, spurn, despise, abuse
calcaverant
calco: crush, trample upon
[and] crushed,
[also] joined
implico: implicate, involve, join
inplicati
implico: engage, entangle
[still became] entangled
the oblique [act],
limus: oblique
limo
limus: mud, mire, slime
[in] the mud,
[but] without
egeo / egere: lack, want, without
egre
egeo / egere: lack, want, without
[and] lacked
displaying
explico: set forth, display, exhibit
explecantes
explico: explain, unfold, disentangle
[the strength] to disentangle
[any] advance,
gradior / gressus: go, walk, step, advance
gressum
gradior / gressus: go, walk, step, advance
[their] steps,
[so they would soon] turn back
rursus: in turn, again
rursus
rursus: turned back, backward
[so they would soon] turn back
themselves,
se: himself
se
se: himself
themselves,
[to] that [place that]
qui: who, what, that
qui
qui: who, what, that
[to] that [place that]
[just] a little
paulo: little, somewhat
paulo
paulo: little, somewhat
[just] a little
before
ante: before
ante
ante: before
before
only just
vix: hardly, barely, only just
vix
vix: hardly, barely, only just
only just
[they] had emerged [from],
emergo: emerge, appear, arrive
emerserant
emergo: emerge, appear, arrive
[they] had emerged [from],
[and in] the forest
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
silvis
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
[and in] the forest
obscurely
turbido: obscure, make confusion
trepidantes
trepidans: trembling, anxious, panicking
panicking
they hid [themselves].
occulo: cover, hide, conceal
occulebant
occulo: cover, hide, conceal
they hid [themselves].
Historia Francorum 2.9.7.a
Encrypted: Confusing therefore was the mockery, as the slaughter was a joke.
Official: Confused therefore were the ranks, and slaughtered were the legions.
Confusing
perturbo / perturbatus: confuse
Perturbatis
perturbo / perturbatus: confuse
Confused
therefore
ergo: therefore
ergo
ergo: therefore
therefore
[was] the mockery,
irrideo: ridicule, mock
ordinibus
ordo: order, rank, row
[were] the ranks,
[as] the slaughter
caedo: cut down, murder, slaughter
caesae
caedo: cut down, murder, slaughter
and slaughtered
[was] a joke.
logos / logis: word, joke, jest
legionis
legio / legionis: legion, army
[were] the legions.
Most actors playing Franks need to be locals.
Historia Francorum 2.9.7.b
Encrypted: The disguised master, who was of the assistants the commander, and also almost all others who in the army of actors were present, had to be foreigners. Only a few real Romans could escape notice in a totally harmful environment, and by hiding in the crowds of the show.
Official: Heraclius, who was of the Jovinians the commander, and also almost all others who the soldiers commanded, were killed. Only a few Romans escaped in the totally dark night, and used hiding-places that the forest offered.
The disguised master,
herus / hero: master; celo / celas: hide, disguise
Heraclio
Heraclius: Heraclius
Heraclius,
[who was] of the assistants
iuvo / iuves: help, assist
Iovinianorum
Iovis: Jupiter
[who was] of the Jovinians
the commander,
tribunus: tribune, commander
tribuno
tribunus: tribune, commander
the commander,
and also
ac: and also
ac
ac: and also
and also
almost
paene: mostly, almost
paene
paene: mostly, almost
almost
all [others]
omnis: each, every
omnibus
omnis: each, every
all [others]
who
qui: who, what, that
qui
qui: who, what, that
who
[in?] the army [of actors?]
miles / militis: soldier, army
militibus
miles / militis: soldier, army
the soldiers
were present,
praesum: present, in person
praeerant
praesum: be before, have command
commanded,
[had to be?] foreigners [?].
exoticus: exotic, foreign
extinctis
extinguo / extinctus: extinguish, kill, destroy
were killed.
[Only] a few [real Romans]
paucus: little, few
paucis
paucus: little, few
[Only] a few [Romans]
[could] escape notice
effugio: escape notice
effugium
effugio: flee, escape
escaped
[in a] totally
totus: total, all
totum
totus: total, all
[in the] totally [dark]
harmful [environment??],
noxius: noxious, harmful
nox
nox: night
night,
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
[by] hiding
latibulum: hiding-place; lateo: hide
latibula
latibulum: hiding-place; lateo: hide
[used?] hiding-places
[in] the crowds
silva: crowded mass
silvarum
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
[that] the forest
of the show.
praesto: exhibit, present, show
praestiterunt
praesto: at hand, offer
offered.
The world-governors order full war on the Franks, unless it can be hoaxed on a large scale.
Historia Francorum 2.9.7.b
Encrypted: This is how in the third history book by Sepulcius it is told. In the fourth, however, that book, when about the destroyed victory, the child of maximal tyranny, he narrates, he then speaks thus: At that time, Being-Prepared and Being-Serious about it in the place of Nothing-New were substituted in Germania, with special exercises to oppose the Frankish hostiliy.
Official: This is how in the third history book by Sepulcius it is told. In the fourth, however, that book, when about the killing of Victor, the son of Maximus the tyrant, he narrates, he then speaks thus: At that time, Carietto and Syrus in the place of Nanninus were substituted in Germania, with an army to oppose the Frankish hostiliy.
This [is how]
hic / haec: this, here
Haec
hic / haec: this, here
This [is how]
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
in
the third
tertius: third
tertio
tertius: third
the third
history
historia: history
Historiae
historia: history
history
book [by Sepulcius]
liber: book
libro
liber: book
book [by Sepulcius]
[it] is told.
narro: narrate, tell
narravit
narro: narrate, tell
[it] is told.
In
in: in, into
In
in: in, into
In
the fourth,
quartus: fourth
quarto
quartus: fourth
the fourth,
however,
vero: however
vero
vero: however
however,
[that] book,
liber: book
libro
liber: book
[that] book,
when
cum: with, when
cum
cum: with, when
when
about
de: of, from, about
de
de: of, from, about
about
the destroyed
interficio: kill, destroy
interfectione
interficio: kill, destroy
the killing
victory,
vicarius: vicarious, substituted
Victuris
Victor: Victor; vinco / victus: succeed
of Victor,
the child
fallo / falsus: deceive, cheat; falsus: false
fili
filius: son
the son
of maximal
Maximus: Maximus
Maximi
Maximus: Maximus
of Maximus
tyranny,
tyrannus: tyrant, monarch
tyranni
tyrannus: tyrant, monarch
the tyrant,
[he] narrates,
narro: narrate, tell
narraret
narro: narrate, tell
[he] narrates,
[he then] speaks [thus]:
aio: say, speak
ait
aio: say, speak
[he then] speaks [thus]:
At that
eo: there, to that point
Eo
eo: there, to that point
At that
time,
tempus: time
tempore
tempus: time
time,
Being-Prepared
curatus / curata: carefully prepared, earnest
Carietto
Carietto: Carietto
Carietto
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
Being-Serious [about it]
serius: serious, grave
Sirus
Syrus: Syrian
Syrus
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
in
the place
locus: locality, place, territory
locum
locus: locality, place, territory
the place
of Nothing-New
non: not; novus: new
Nanneni
Nanninus: Nanninus; Naniemus: Naniemus
of Nanninus
were substituted
subrogo: substitute
subrogati
subrogo: substitute
were substituted
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
in
Germania,
Germania: Germania
Germania
Germania: Germania
Germania,
with
cum: with, when
cum
cum: with, when
with
[special] exercises
exerceo: exercise, train, practice, administer
exercitu
exercitus: army, troop, infantry
an army
to oppose
oppono / oppositus: oppose
opposito
oppono / oppositus: oppose
to oppose
the Frankish
Francus: Frankish
Francis
Francus: Frankish
the Frankish
hostiliy.
diversus: diverse, hostile
diversabantur
diversus: diverse, hostile
hostiliy.
Historia Francorum 2.9.8.a
Encrypted: And after that a little into the book, when it is about the time when of the Franks of Germania a false appearance had been shown, he adds: Not did the World-Governors want to delay the violence.
Official: And after that a little into the book, when it is about the time when the Franks of Germania the plunder carried away, he adds: Not did Arbogast want to delay the violence.
And
et: and
Et
et: and
And
after [that]
post: after
post
post: after
after [that]
a little [into the book],
paucus: little, few
pauca
paucus: little, few
a little [into the book],
when [it is about the time?]
cum: with, when
cum
cum: with, when
when [it is about the time?]
[when] of the Franks
Francus: Frankish
Franci
Francus: Frankish
[when] the Franks
of
de: of, from, about
de
de: of, from, about
of
Germania
Germania: Germania
Germania
Germania: Germania
Germania
a [false] appearance
prodeo: come forth, appear
praedas
praedo: pillage, plunder
the plunder
had been shown,
fero / tulio: show, exhibit, present
tulissent
fero / tulio: bear, carry, support
carried [away],
[he] adds:
adicio: add, increase, raise
adiecit
adicio: add, increase, raise
[he] adds:
Not [did]
nihil: nothing
Nihil
nihil: nothing
Not [did]
the World-Governors [???]
orbis / orbe: world; gero / gestus: manage, govern
Arbogastis
Arbogastus: Arbogast
Arbogast
[want to] delay
differo: differ, defer, delay
differre
differo: differ, defer, delay
[want to] delay
the violence.
valens: strong, powerful, effective
volens
violens: violent
the violence.
Historia Francorum 2.9.8.b
Encrypted: They reminded their pretender on the throne that actual punishment he should deal to the Franks who should be driven out, unless the whole show, that in the last year when the slaughter of the Roman legions they had invented, immediately they would set up again, and the play-enacting of a war they could believably narrate, under which the veiling of a subduing by falsehood could be set up.
Official: He reminded the emperor on the throne that punishment he should deal to the Franks who should be driven out, unless the whole plunder, that in the last year when they cut down the Roman legions they had stolen, immediately they would give back, and the originators of the war they would hand over, under whom the violation of peace this treachery had been set up.
[They] reminded
commoneo: remind, warn
conmonet
commoneo: remind, warn
[He] reminded
[their] pretender [on the throne]
causor: make a pretext of, pretend
caesarem
Caesar: emperor
the emperor [on the throne]
[that actual???] punishment
poenio: punish
poenas
poenio: punish
[that] punishment
[he] should [deal?]
debeo: ought, must, should
debetas
debeo: ought, must, should
[he] should [deal?]
to
a: from, to
a
a: from, to
to
the Franks
Francus: Frankish
Francis
Francus: Frankish
the Franks
[who should] be driven out,
exagito: harass, disturb
exigendas
exigo / exigendus: drive out, expel
[who should] be driven out,
unless
nisi: if not, unless, except
nisi
nisi: if not, unless, except
unless
the whole [show],
universus: whole, entire
universa
universus: whole, entire
the whole [plunder],
that
qui / quae: who, what, that
quae
qui / quae: who, what, that
that
[in] the last
superus: above, last
superiore
superus: above, last
[in] the last
year
inanis: inane, foolish
anno
annus: year
year
[when] the slaughter
caedo: cut down, murder, slaughter
caesis
caedo: cut down, murder, slaughter
[when they] cut down
of the [Roman] legions
legio: legion, army
legionibus
legio: legion, army
the [Roman] legions
[they] had invented [???],
de: of; reperio: find, invent
diripuerant
de: of; rapio: snatch, steal
[they] had stolen,
immediately
confestim: immediately
confestim
confestim: immediately
immediately
[they would] set up again [??],
restituo: bring back, set up again
restituerent
restituo: restore, give back
[they would] give back,
and the play-enacting
actor: actor, performer, player; -que: and
auctorisque
auctor: originator, proposer; -que: and
and the originators
of a war
bellum: war, warfare, battle
belli
bellum: war, warfare, battle
of the war
[they could believably] narrate,
trado: propose, narrate, entrust
traderent
trado: betray, surrender, hand over
[they would] hand over,
under
in: in, into, under
in
in: in, into, under
under
which
qui / quos: who, what, that
quos
qui / quos: who, what, that
whom
the veiling
velum: veil, covering
violatae
violo: violate
the violation
of a subduing
paco / paces: pacify, subdue
pacis
pax / pacis: peace
of peace
[by] falsehood
perfidia: falsehood
perfidia
perfidia: perfidy, treachery
[this] treachery
[could] be set up.
pono: put, place, set up
poneretur
pono: put, place, set up
had been set up.
Historia Francorum 2.9.9.a
Encrypted: Here these performance acts would have to happen when their own rulers were there, the author says, and thereafter he says: After that days later a few, with the dressed-up nobles and those without public name as Frankish kings, they transacted quickly a show, and assembled out of local fashion covers, to be kind to the tribes they pretended.
Official: Here these deeds happened when their own rulers were there, the author says, and thereafter he says: After that days later a few, with Marcomer and Sunno the Frankish kings, they transacted quickly a parley, and commanded out of custom hostages, to pass the winter in Trier he departed.
Here
hic / haec: this, here
Haec
hic / haec: this, here
Here
[these] performance acts
actus: act, performance
acta
actus: action, deed
[these] deeds
[would have to happen??] when
cum: with, when
cum
cum: with, when
[happened] when
[their own] rulers
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
duces
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
[their own] rulers
were [there],
sum / essent: be
essent
sum / essent: be
were [there],
[the author] says,
refero / retuli: refer, relate, say
retulit
refero / retuli: refer, relate, say
[the author] says,
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
thereafter
deinceps: thereafter
deinceps
deinceps: thereafter
thereafter
[he] says:
aio: say, speak
ait
aio: say, speak
[he] says:
After [that]
post: after
Post
post: after
After [that]
days [later]
dies: day
dies
dies: day
days [later]
a few,
pauculus: little, few
paucolus
pauculus: little, few
a few,
[with] the dressed-up nobles [??]
mas / maria: man, noble; como / comere: arrange, adorn, dress
Marcomere
Marcomer: Marcomer
[with] Marcomer
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
[those] without [public] name
sine: without; nomen: name
Sunnone
Sunno / Sunnone: Sunno
Sunno
[as??] Frankish
Francus: Frankish
Francorum
Francus: Frankish
the Frankish
kings,
regalis: regal, royal
regalibus
regalis: regal, royal
kings,
[they] transacted
transigo / transacto: finish, settle, perform
transacto
transigo / transacto: transact, bargain
[they] transacted
quickly
cursim: quickly
cursim
cursim: quickly
quickly
a show,
con-: with; loquor: declare, show
conloquio
colloquium: conversation, parley; con-: with; loquor: speak
a parley,
and assembled
impero: assemble, summon; -que: and
imperatisque
impero: command, order; -que: and
and commanded
out of
ex: from, out of
ex
ex: from, out of
out of
[local] fashion
mos: fashion
more
mos: manner, custom
custom
covers,
oppassum: covering, envelop
obsidibus
obses / obsidibus: security, hostage
hostages,
to
ad: at, to
ad
ad: at, to
to
be kind
humanus: humane, kind
hiemandum
hiemo: pass the winter
pass the winter
[to] the tribes
tribuarius: relating to a tribe
Treverus
Treveri / Treverus: Treveri
[in] Trier
[they] pretended.
concido: deceive, cheat, defraud
concessit
concedo: concede, give up, depart
[he] departed.
Historia Francorum 2.9.9.b
Encrypted: When, however, them “kings” he calls, we do not know whether actual kings they had been made already, or whether in exchange for real kings they had veiled themselves.
Official: When, however, them “kings” he calls, we do not know whether actual kings they were, or whether in exchange for real kings they had royal power.
When,
cum: with, when
Cum
cum: with, when
When,
however,
autem: however
autem
autem: however
however,
them
is / eos: he, she, it
eos
is / eos: he, she, it
them
“kings”
regalis: regal, royal
regales
regalis: regal, royal
“kings”
[he] calls,
voco: call
vocet
voco: call
[he] calls,
[we do] not know
nescio: not know
nescimus
nescio: not know
[we do] not know
whether
utrum: whether
utrum
utrum: whether
whether
[actual] kings
rex: king, ruler
reges
rex: king, ruler
[actual] kings
[they] had been [made already??],
sum / fuerint: be
fuerint
sum / fuerint: be
[they] were,
or whether
an: whether
an
an: whether
or whether
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
in
exchange [for real kings??]
vicis: turn, change, exchange
vices
vicis: turn, change, exchange
exchange [for real kings??]
[they] had
teneo: have, hold
tenuerunt
teneo: have, hold
[they] had
veiled [themselves].
ricinium: small head-veil
regnum
regnum: royal power, kingdom
royal power.
Historia Francorum 2.9.10.a
Encrypted: In the same passage still, that writer, when the difficulties of veiling the august Roman rulers he remembers, there he adds:
Official: In the same passage still, that writer, when the difficulties of emperor Valentian the august he remembers, there he adds:
[In] the same [passage]
idem: same
Idem
idem: same
[In] the same [passage]
still,
tamen: however, yet, still
tamen
tamen: however, yet, still
still,
[that] writer,
scriptor: scribe, author
scriptor
scriptor: scribe, author
[that] writer,
when
cum: with, when
cum
cum: with, when
when
the difficulties
necessitas: necessity, difficult straits
necessitates
necessitas: necessity, difficult straits
the difficulties
of veiling
velo / velanto: veil, conceal, cover
Valentiniani
Valentinianus: Valentinian
of [emperor] Valentian
the august [Roman rulers]
augustus: august, dignified, majestic
agusti
augustus: august, dignified, majestic
the august
[he] remembers,
commemoro: remember
commemorat
commemoro: remember
[he] remembers,
there
hic / haec: this, here
haec
hic / haec: this, here
there
[he] adds:
adiungo: join, add
adiungit
adiungo: join, add
[he] adds:
Actors & leaders are dressed up as Franks in complete secrecy.
Historia Francorum 2.9.10.b
Encrypted: While diverse things were in this decoration to be considered, such as clothing in helmets the comedy actors who were commoners to be confused with Franks: Secretly in views that were deceptive disguises were hung over them, the leaders were veiled as being almost below the rank of a private person as far as concerning their manners reduced.
Official: While things were diverse events in the east in Thrace, meanwhile was carried in Gaul the situation public into confusion: After he had been locked up near Vienna in his palace’s rooms, emperor Valentinianus was almost below the rank of a private person as far as concerning his limitations reduced.
While
dum: while, until
Dum
dum: while, until
While
diverse [things were??]
diversus: diverse, hostile
diversa
diversus: diverse, hostile
[things were??] diverse [events??]
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
in
[this] decoration
orno / ornent: ornament, decorate, adorn
Oriente
oriens / oriente: dawn, sunrise, east
the east
[to]
per: by, through
per
per: by, through
[in]
be considered,
theoricus: theoretical, considering
Thracias
thracius: Thracian
Thrace,
[such as?] clothing
gero: wear
geruntur
gero: carry, bear
[meanwhile??] was carried
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
in
helmets [???]
galea: helmet
Gallia
Gallia: Gaul
Gaul
the comedy actors [???]
statarius: actors in the comoedia stataria
status
status: status, situation, position
the situation
[who were?] commoners
publicus: public, common, of the people
publicus
publicus: public, common, of the people
public
to be confused [with Franks??]:
perturbo: perturb, disturb, confuse
perturbabatur
perturbo: perturb, disturb, confuse
[into] confusion:
Secretly
collusio: collusion, secret, deceptive understanding
Clauso
claudo / clauso: close, lock
[After he] had been locked up
in views
apud: in the view of
apud
apud: near, at
near
[that] were deceptive
vanus / vanam: vain, false, deceptive
Viennam
Vienna / Viennam: Vienna
Vienna
disguises
pallio / palliatum: palliate, disguise
palatii
palatium: palace
[in his] palace’s
were hung over [them],
adhereo / adhesi: adhere, attached, stick, hang on
aedibus
aedis: house, apartment
rooms,
the leaders
princeps: leader, first man
principe
princeps: leader, first man
emperor
were veiled
velo / velanto: veil, conceal, cover
Valentiniano
Valentinianus: Valentinian
Valentinianus
[as being] almost
paene: almost
paene
paene: almost
[was] almost
below
infra: below, underneath
infra
infra: below, underneath
below
[the rank] of a private [person]
privatus: private
privati
privatus: private
[the rank] of a private [person]
[as far as concerning their] manners
modus: way, manner
modum
modus: measure, limit
[as far as concerning his] limitations [??]
reduced.
redigo: bring back, call in
redacto
redigo: bring back, call in
reduced.
Historia Francorum 2.9.10.c
Encrypted: The military event appearance was to visibly Frankish followers transferred, and of these civil people also the paint-up was transitioned into the mockery of the world governors.
Official: The military affairs administration was to Frankish attendants transferred, and of civil affairs also the office was passed over to those sworn in with Arbogast.
The military
militaris: military
militaris
militaris: military
The military
event
res: event, business
rei
res: thing, affair
affairs
appearance [???]
corior: appear, arise
cura
cura: care, office, administration
administration
[was to visibly?] Frankish
Francus: Frankish
Francis
Francus: Frankish
[was to?] Frankish
followers
satelles: attendant, courtier, follower
satellitibus
satelles: attendant, courtier, follower
attendants
transferred,
trado: hand over
tradita
trado: hand over
transferred,
[and of these] civil [people]
civilis: civil, public
civilia
civilis: civil, public
[and of] civil [affairs]
also
quoque: also
quoque
quoque: also
also
the paint-up
offucia: paint, deceit, trick
officia
officium: office, duty
the office
was transitioned
transgressio: transition
transgressa
transgredior: cross, go across, pass over
was passed over
into
in: in, to
in
in: in, to
to
the mockery [??]
con-: with; irrideo: ridicule, mock
coniurationem
con-: with; iuratio: swearing, oath
[those] sworn in with
of the world governors.
orbis / orbe: world; gero / gestus: manage, govern
Arbogastis
Arbogastus: Arbogast
Arbogast.
Historia Francorum 2.9.10.d
Encrypted: And no one from all those who had an oath in the military sworn could be found, who to the slaves the original words or commands would yield, and risk the whole plan.
Official: And no one from all those who had an oath in the military sworn could be found any more, who even in intimacy to the emperor’s words or his commands would obey, and risk to defy Arbogast.
And no one
nullus: no, none; -que: and
nullusque
nullus: no, none; -que: and
And no one
from
ex: from
ex
ex: from
from
all
omnis: each, every
omnibus
omnis: each, every
all
[those who] had an oath
sacramentum: sacrament, oath of allegiance
sacramentis
sacramentum: sacrament, oath of allegiance
[those who] had an oath
[in] the military
militaris: military
militiae
militaris: military
[in] the military
sworn
obstruo / obstructus: obstruct
obstrictis
obstringo: oblige, involve, bind by oath
sworn
[could] be found,
reperio: find, learn
repperiebatur
reperio: find, learn
[could] be found [any more],
who
qui: who
qui
qui: who
who
[to?] the slaves
famularis: of slaves, servile
familiari
familiaris: familiar, intimate
[even in] intimacy
the original
principialis: original
principis
princeps: leader, prince, emperor
to the emperor’s
words
sermo: speech, talk, word
sermoni
sermo: speech, talk, word
words
or
aut: or
aut
aut: or
or
commands
iubeo / iussus: command, order
iussis
iubeo / iussus: command, order
[his] commands
[would] yield [??],
obsequens: yielding
obsequi
obsequium: compliance, obedience
[would] obey,
[and] risk [the whole plan?].
audeo: dare, have courage, risk
auderet
audeo: dare, have courage, risk
[and] risk [to defy Arbogast].
The world-governors oversee the operation.
Historia Francorum 2.9.11.a
Encrypted: After that the author records: In the same year, the world governors, those without public name and the dressed-up nobles beneath regular Frankish dress-up, in a foreign shape having mocked up, came to Cologne to oversee of the chief persons their abilities, and of the in-the-know persons entirely, to check if all of the Frankish disguises to withdraw into could possibly be penetrated and become visible.
Official: After that the author records: In the same year, Arbogast, Sunno and Marcomer the petty princes of the Franks, with a tribal hatred chasing, came to Cologne to oversee in the chiefest winter an attack, and of the known places entirely, to check if all of the Frankish places to withdraw into he had penetrated and burned.
After that
dehinc: then, after that
Dehinc
dehinc: then, after that
After that
[the author] records:
refero: refer, record
refert
refero: refer, record
[the author] records:
[In] the same
eodem: same
Eodem
eodem: same
[In] the same
year,
annus: year
anno
annus: year
year,
the world governors,
orbis / orbe: world; gero / gestus: manage, govern
Arbogastis
Arbogastus: Arbogast
Arbogast,
[those] without [public] name
sine: without; nomen: name
Sunnonem
Sunno / Sunnone: Sunno
Sunno
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
the dressed-up nobles [??]
mas / maria: man, noble; como / comere: arrange, adorn, dress
Marcomere
Marcomer: Marcomer
Marcomer
beneath regular
sub: under, beneath; regularis: regular, usual
subregolus
subregulus: petty prince, feudatory vassal
the petty princes
Frankish [dress-up???],
Francus: Frankish
Francorum
Francus: Frankish
of the Franks,
[in] a foreign
gentilis: foreign, exotic
gentilibus
gentilis: gentile, pagan, of the same tribe
[with] a tribal
shape [???]
idos: form, shape
odiis
odium / odiis: odium, hatred
hatred
having mocked up [???],
insector: taunt, slander
insectans
insector: pursue, chase
chasing,
[came to] Cologne [???]
agripeta: settler
Agrepinam
Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium: Cologne
[came to] Cologne
to oversee
rego / regens: rule, govern, oversee
regentem
rego / regens: rule, govern, oversee
to oversee
of the chief
maxime: most, especially, chiefly, certainly
maxime
maxime: most, especially, chiefly, certainly
[in] the chiefest
persons
homo / hominis: human, person
hieme
hiems: winter
winter
[their] abilities [???],
potens: potent, mighty, strong, powerful
petiit
peto: seek, attack
an attack [??],
[and] of the [in-the-]know [persons??]
gnarus: having knowledge
gnarus
gnarus: known
[and] of the known [places?]
entirely,
totus: total, all, whole
toto
totus: total, all, whole
entirely,
[to check if] all
omnis: all, each, every
omnes
omnis: all, each, every
[to check if] all
of the Frankish
Francus: Frankish
Frantiae
Francus: Frankish
of the Frankish
[disguises] to withdraw into
recedo: vanish, disappear
recessus
recedo: recede, withdraw
[places] to withdraw into
[could possibly?] be penetrated
penetro: penetrate, enter
penetrandus
penetro: penetrate, enter
[he had] penetrated
and become visible.
orior / oriundus: appear, become visible
urendusque
uro / urendus: burn, inflame; -que: and
and burned.
Historia Francorum 2.9.11.b
Encrypted: Because if had fallen the deception, in the poor and frightful crowded masses any deceivers to conceal themselves would not be able any more. They then collected therefore their performers to cross into their dress-up.
Official: Because had fallen the leaves, and in the naked and dry trees any ambushers to conceal themselves were not able any more. He then collected therefore an army to cross the Rhine river.
Because
cum: since, because
cum
cum: since, because
Because
[if] had fallen
decursus: decent, fall
decursis
decursus: decent, fall
had fallen
the deception,
fallo / fallam / fallis: deceive, beguile, cheat
foliis
folium / folio / foliis: leaf
the leaves,
[in] the poor
nudus: defenceless, helpless, poor
nudae
nudus: nude, naked
[and in] the naked
and
atque: and
atque
atque: and
and
frightful
horreo / horretis: dread, frightful
arentes
arens / arentes: dry parched
dry
crowded masses
silva: crowded mass
silvae
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
trees
[any] deceivers
insidiator: lurker, plotter; insidiosus: deceitful
insidiantes
insidior / insidiatus: plot, lurk, ambush
[any] ambushers
to conceal [themselves]
occulo / occultus: cover, hide, conceal
occulere
occulo / occultus: cover, hide, conceal
to conceal [themselves]
[would] not
non: no, not
non
non: no, not
[were] not
be able [any more].
possum: able, can, may
possent
possum: able, can, may
able [any more].
[They then] collected
colligo / collectus: collect, gather
Collicto
colligo / collectus: collect, gather
[He then] collected
therefore
ergo: therefore
ergo
ergo: therefore
therefore
[their] performers
exercens: performer
exercitu
exercitus: army, troop, infantry
an army
to cross
transgredior / transgressus: cross
transgressus
transgredior / transgressus: cross
to cross
[into their] dress-up.
orno / ornem: ornament, decorate, dress
Rhenum
Rhenus / Rhenum: Rhine
the Rhine [river].
Actors & nobles are dressed up as rural people.
Historia Francorum 2.9.11.c
Encrypted: Those that to appear and pick up the resemblance rural people were, and those that as agitated natives would be dressed, disguised were they then. Not at any time did this come to mind to anyone, except that to a few from around the transformation and around the appearance this dress-up of the noble rulers in the highest secrecy altogether was visible.
Official: Of the Bructeri’s shores those that the nearest regions were, and those that the Chamavi inhabited, plundered were they by him. Not at any time was there opposition, except that a few from the Ampsivarii and from the Chatti under Marcomer the ruler on the farthest hill tops appeared.
[Those that] to appear [???]
procedo / procedere: proceed, appear
Bricteros
Bructeri: Bructeri
Of the Bructeri’s
[and] pick up [???]
arripio: pick up, absorb
ripae
ripa: bank, shore
shores
the resemblance
proximitas: similarity, resemblance
proximos
proximus: neighbor, nearest
[those that] the nearest
rural people
pagus: country or rural people; paganus: pagan
pagum
pagus: district, province, region
regions
were,
sum / etiam: be
etiam
sum / etiam: be
were,
[and those] that
qui / quem: who, that
quem
qui / quem: who, that
[and those] that
[as] agitated [natives]
commoveo: stir up, agitate, upset
Chamavi
Chamavi: Chamavi
the Chamavi
[would] be dressed,
in: in; colo: dress, decorate
incolunt
incolo: cultivate, inhabit
inhabited,
disguised
de: of, from; pallio: palliate, disguise, cloak
depopulatus
depopulo: sack, plunder, pillage
plundered
were [they then].
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
were [they by him].
Not
nullus: no, none
nullo
nullus: no, none
Not
at any time
umquam: ever, at any time
umquam
umquam: ever, at any time
at any time
[did this] come to mind [to anyone?],
occurro: occur, come to mind
occursante
occurro: oppose, resist
[was there] opposition,
except
nisi: if not, except, unless
nisi
nisi: if not, except, unless
except
that
quod: which, because
quod
quod: which, because
that
[to] a few
paucus: a few, little
pauci
paucus: a few, little
a few
from
ex: from
ex
ex: from
from
around the transformation [???]
ambi-: around; vario: variegate, change, transform
Ampsivariis
Ampsivarii: Ampsivarii
the Ampsivarii
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
[around] the appearance [???]
cutis: skin, external appearance, surface
Catthis
Chatti: Chatti
[from] the Chatti
[this] dress-up of the noble
mas / maria: man, noble; como / comere: arrange, adorn, dress
Marcomere
Marcomer: Marcomer
[under] Marcomer
rulers
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
duce
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
the ruler
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
on
the highest
ulterior: highest, greatest
ulterioribus
ulterior: further, more remote
the farthest
secrecy
collusio: collusion, secret, deceptive understanding
collium
collis: hill, eminence, mound
hill
altogether
iugus: combined together
iugis
iugum: yoke, summit
tops
was visible.
appareo: appear, show up, be visible
apparuere
appareo: appear, show up, be visible
appeared.
Historia Francorum 2.9.12.a
Encrypted: Again here, not touching the question as to if there were any rulers as far as royalty, the author recounts that the Franks did a king have depicted in this scheme, but his name he omits to say.
Official: Again here, not touching the question as to if there were any rulers as far as royalty, the author recounts that the Franks did a king have appointed, but his name he omits to say.
Again
iterum: again
Iterum
iterum: again
Again
here,
hic: this, here
hic
hic: this, here
here,
not touching [the question?]
relictus: abandoned, left untouched
relictis
relictus: abandoned, left untouched
not touching [the question?]
as [to]
tam: so, so much as
tam
tam: so, so much as
as [to]
[if there were any?] rulers
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
ducibus
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
[if there were any?] rulers
as far as
quam: what, how, as far as
quam
quam: what, how, as far as
as far as
royalty,
regalis: regal, royal
regalibus
regalis: regal, royal
royalty,
[the author] recounts [that]
aperio: uncover, open, disclose
aperte
aperio: explain, recount
[the author] recounts [that]
the Franks
Francus: Frankish
Francos
Francus: Frankish
the Franks
[did] a king
regimen: control, steering
regem
rex / regem: king, ruler
[did] a king
have
habeo: have, hold
habere
habeo: have, hold
have
depicted [in this scheme???],
designo: design, depict, represent, scheme
designat
designo: designate, appoint
appointed,
but
hic / huius: this, here; -que: and
huiusque
hic / huius: this, here; -que: and
but
[his] name
nomen: name
nomen
nomen: name
[his] name
[he] omits
praetermitto: omit, overlook
praetermissum
praetermitto: omit, overlook
[he] omits
to say.
aio: say, speak
ait
aio: say, speak
to say.
The army of harmless disguised actors is tested, and hostile natives turn & flee.
Historia Francorum 2.9.12.b
Encrypted: After that, the Well-Born tyrants undertook an expedition all girded-up, at testing the dress-up’s limits aimed, in order to, with the Alemanni and the Frankish veils, test the dressed-up filthiness that from the barbarous manners originated, and an immense (for that time) group of performers to the people feral to present.
Official: After that, Eugenius the tyrant undertook an expedition in readiness, at the Rhine’s borders aimed, in order to, with the Alemanni and the Frankish kings, renew the ancient treaties that from the traditions originated, and an immense (for that time) army to the people feral to present.
After that,
dehinc: then, after that
Dehinc
dehinc: then, after that
After that,
the Well-Born
eugeneus: well-born, noble
Eugenius
Eugenius: Eugenius
Eugenius
tyrants
tyrannus: tyrant, monarch
tyrannus
tyrannus: tyrant, monarch
the tyrant
undertook
suspecto / suspectus: suspect
suscepto
suscipio / susceptus: accept, undertake
undertook
an expedition
expedius: free, easy, ready for action
expeticionale
expeditio: expedition, campaign
an expedition
[all] girded-up,
procingo: gird-up, prepare
procincto
procinctus: preparedness, readiness
[in?] readiness,
[at testing?] the dress-up’s
orno / ornem: ornament, decorate, dress
Rheni
Rhenus / Rhenum: Rhine
[at] the Rhine’s
limits
limito: bound, limit
limitem
limito: bound, limit
borders
aimed,
peto: aim at, make for
petit
peto: aim at, make for
aimed,
in order to,
ut: to, in order to
ut
ut: to, in order to
in order to,
with
cum: since, because
cum
cum: since, because
with
the Alemanni
Alemannus: Alemanni tribe
Alamannorum
Alemannus: Alemanni tribe
the Alemanni
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
the Frankish
Francus: Frankish
Francorum
Francus: Frankish
the Frankish
veils [??],
rica / ricis: veil
regibus
rex / regis: king, ruler
kings,
[test?] the dressed-up
vestitus: vesture, clothing, dress
vetustis
vetustus: ancient, established
[renew?] the ancient
filthiness
foedus: filthy, unseemly
foederibus
foedus: treaty, league
treaties
[that] from
ex: from
ex
ex: from
[that] from
the [barbarous] manners
mos: manner, custom
more
mos: manner, custom
the traditions
originated,
initio: initiate, originate
initis
initio: initiate, originate
originated,
[and] an immense
immensum: immense, vast
inmensum
immensum: immense, vast
[and] an immense
(for that
ea: this, that
ea
ea: this, that
(for that
time)
tempestas: portion, point, time, period
tempestate
tempestas: portion, point, time, period
time)
[group of] performers
exercens: performer
exercitum
exercitus: army, troop, infantry
army
[to] the people
gentibus
[to] the people
feral
ferus: wild, savage
feris
ferus: wild, savage
feral
to present.
ostento: exhibit, show, present
ostentaret
ostento: exhibit, show, present
to present.
Historia Francorum 2.9.13.a
Encrypted: These things are written about by the historiographer of the Franks, and put forth. Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus, whom now above I have recalled, while the Roman history he recorded and to the Goths their deception and subversion, he says:
Official: These things are written about by the historiographer of the Franks, and put forth. Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus, whom now above I have recalled, while the Roman history he recorded and by the Goths their capture and destruction, he says:
These [things]
hic / haec: this, here
Haec
hic / haec: this, here
These [things]
are written [about]
superscribo: superscribe, write upon
suprascriptus
superscribo: superscribe, write upon
are written [about]
[by] the historiographer
historiograffus
[by] the historiographer
of
de: of, from
de
de: of, from
of
the Franks,
Francus: Frankish
Francis
Francus: Frankish
the Franks,
[and] put forth.
exsero: uncover, put forth
exseruit
exsero: uncover, put forth
[and] put forth.
Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus,
Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus: Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus
Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus
Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus: Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus
Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus,
whom
cui: to whom
cui
cui: to whom
whom
now
iam: now
iam
iam: now
now
above
supra: above
supra
supra: above
above
[I] have recalled,
memini: remember, recall
meminimus
memini: remember, recall
[I] have recalled,
while
cum: with, when, while
cum
cum: with, when, while
while
the Roman [history]
Romanus: Roman
Romam
Romanus: Roman
the Roman [history]
[he] recorded
refero: refer, record, relate
refert
refero: refer, record, relate
[he] recorded
[and] to [???]
a: to, with
a
a: from, by
[and] by
the Goths
Gothi: Goths
Gothis
Gothi: Goths
the Goths
[their] deception
capio / capito: cheat, deceive
captam
capto: grasp, seize
[their] capture
and
atque: and
atque
atque: and
and
subversion,
subverto: subvert
subversam
subverto: overthrow, destroy
destruction,
[he] says:
aio: say, speak
ait
aio: say, speak
[he] says:
Historia Francorum 2.9.13.b
Encrypted: Meanwhile responded well to the veil the foreigners, when on open terrain into the disguised Romans they crossed, as from this dress-up entire armies of them turned around, even as the Vandals and Franks in their veils were only a cover.
Official: Meanwhile, Respendial the king of the Alans, when Goar to the Romans crossed over, from the Rhine the armies of his turned around, as the Vandals and Franks in this war were suffering.
Meanwhile
interea: meanwhile
Interea
interea: meanwhile
Meanwhile,
responded [well???]
respondeo: answer
Respendial
Respendial: Respendial
Respendial
[to] the veil [???]
rica: veil
rex
rex: king, ruler
the king
the foreigners [???],
alienus: foreign, averse, hostile
Alanorum
Alanus: of the Alan tribe
of the Alans,
[when on open?] terrain [???]
ager: country, terrain
Goare
Goar: Goar
[when] Goar
into
ad: at, to, toward
ad
ad: at, to, toward
to
the [disguised] Romans
Romanus: Roman
Romanos
Romanus: Roman
the Romans
[they] crossed,
transgredior / transgressus: cross
transgresso
transgredior / transgressus: cross
crossed [over],
[as] from
de: from, of
de
de: from, of
from
[this] dress-up
orno / ornem: ornament, decorate, dress
Rheno
Rhenus / Rhenum: Rhine
the Rhine
[entire] armies
agmen: army, multitude, crowd
agmen
agmen: army, multitude, crowd
the armies
of them
suus / suorum: his, theirs
suorum
suus / suorum: his, theirs
of his
turned around,
converto: drive back, turn backwards
convertit
converto: drive back, turn backwards
turned around,
[even as] the Vandals
Vandalus: Vandals
Wandalis
Vandalus: Vandals
[as] the Vandals
[and] Franks
Francus: Frankish
Francorum
Francus: Frankish
[and] Franks
[in their] veils
velum / velo: covering, curtain, veil
bello
bellum / bello: war, warfare, military force
[in this] war
were [only] a cover.
lino / leverant: smear, cover, overlay
laborantibus
laborans / laboranti: laboring, suffering
were suffering.
Historia Francorum 2.9.13.c
Encrypted: The joyful helmet-wearers in their veils were just nonsense, and just people common who into thousands of swordsmen has been changed. The whole deception in a massacre could had ended, if not the smeared-on appearance in this occasion had rescued them.
Official: Godigisel their king was destroyed, and twenty times thousand of the swordsmen had been killed. The whole Vandal nation at this slaughter would have been destroyed, if not the Alans’ forces in time had rescued them.
The joyful helmet-wearers [???]
gaudium / gaudi: joy, delight; casila: helmet, wearer of a helmet
Godigyselo
Godigisel: Godigisel
Godigisel
[in their] veils [???]
rica: veil
rege
rex: king, ruler
[their] king
were [just] nonsense [???],
absurdus: absurd, nonsensical
absumpto
absumo / absumptus: destroy
was destroyed,
and
ac: and, and also
aciae
ac: and, and also
and
[just] people
gens / genti: people
viginti
viginti: twenty
twenty
common
ferme: generally, usually, commonly
ferme
ferme: closely, quite, just
[times]
[who into??] thousands
mille: thousand
milibus
mille: thousand
thousand
of swordsmen
ferrum: iron, sword, fight
ferro
ferrum: iron, sword, fight
of the sword[smen]
has been changed.
permuto / permutatus: alter, change completely
peremptis
perimo / peremptus: kill, destroy
had been killed.
The whole
cunctus: whole, entire
cunctis
cunctus: whole, entire
The whole
deception
vanitas: falsehood, deception; -lus: (suffix)
Wandalorum
Vandalus: Vandals
Vandal [nation?]
in
ad: at, to, on, in
ad
ad: at, to, on, in
at
a massacre
internecio: massacre, slaughter
internitionem
internecio: massacre, slaughter
[this] slaughter
[could] had ended,
deleo / delendus: delete, destroy completely, end
delendis
deleo / delendus: delete, destroy completely, end
[would] have been destroyed,
if not
nisi: if not, unless, except
nisi
nisi: if not, unless, except
if not
the smeared-on
illino / illinerem: smear on, spread on, besmear
Alanorum
Alanus / Alanorum: of the Alan tribe
the Alans’
appearance
visum: vision, appearance
vis
vis: force, power, might, violence
forces
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
in
[this] occasion
tempus: time, season, condition, occasion, necessity
tempore
tempus: time, season, condition, occasion, necessity
time
had rescued [them].
subvenio: assist, rescue
subvenisset
subvenio: assist, rescue
had rescued [them].