Gregory: History of the Franks
The History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours tells how the Frankish empire was founded. As usual, the text is pun-encrypted, and as usual, the new empire is just a continuation of the older empire in a new disguise: The Frankish elites were really descendants of Roman overlords, just like the Roman elites were descendants of Phoenician overlords. The entirety of human history is an endless continuity of aristocratic deception, while the Western hemisphere history is a continuation of Phoenician deception specifically.
Introduction
Gregory of Tours was a Catholic bishop and historian during the Merovingian period, when the Frankish Merovingian dynasty succeeded the collapsing Western Roman Empire. Gregory wrote the Historia Francorum, the “History of the Franks”. As we would expect, the text is encrypted, and is really about how the Romans disguised themselves as Franks, to gain control of those otherwise hard to conquer territories.
That the Western Roman empire collapsed on itself, while a new empire rose almost immediately, covering much of the same territory, that is suspicious enough not to trust the official story. I have not yet decrypted the founding of the Frankish empire, but since everything else is just a repetition of the founding of Rome by disguised Phoenicians, including the writing of pun-encrypted histories, we can safely assume that the Frankish empire was just a continuation of the same old eternally-ruling families, just with new disguises & headquarters.
The short section I’ve decrypted so far tells how the Roman rulers send troupes of actors disguised as Franks into the Frankish woodlands, who play-enact mock battles with Roman soldiers to impress the local Franks.
(As an additional hint, the later Chronicle of Fredegar claims that the Franks came originally from Troy, which is the codeword for Phoenician Tyre, used throughout Virgil’s Aeneid & Livy’s History.)
References
- Monumenta.ch (Latin text)
- Dalton translation, Oxford University Press (English translation)
How to read this
- In the interlinear word-by-word translation, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
- Use the Pun Config to choose your level: Minimal for secret meaning only, Beginner for secret & official English texts, Intermediate for word-by-word vocabulary, Expert for original text & glyphs.
- Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
- Official meaning is marked with light green.
- Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
- Please read the introduction, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
- Religious readers should proceed with care.
History of the Franks
Roman rulers cannot rule Northern Europe openly, so they colonize it secretly.
Historia Francorum 2.9.1.a
Encrypted: As of the Frankish actual kings, who actually was the first is to many unknown. For even though many things about them Sulpicius Alexander tells in his history, not however the king first does he in any respect name, but only that some rulers they had he says.
Official: As of the Frankish real kings, who actually was the first is to many unknown. For even though many things about them Sulpicius Alexander tells in his history, not however the king first does he in any respect name, but only that some rulers they had he says.
As of
de: of, from, about
De
de: of, from, about
As of
the Frankish
Francus: Frankish
Francorum
Francus: Frankish
the Frankish
actual
vero: actual
vero
vero: true, real
real
kings,
rex / regibus: king, ruler
regibus
rex / regibus: king, ruler
kings,
who
quid / quis: who, what
quis
quid / quis: who, what
who
[actually] was
sum / fuerit: be
fuerit
sum / fuerit: be
[actually] was
the first
primus: first
primus
primus: first
the first
[is] to
a: from, by, to
a
a: from, by, to
[is] to
many
multus: many
multis
multus: many
many
unknown.
ignoro: ignore, not know
ignoratur
ignoro: ignore, not know
unknown.
For
nam: for
Nam
nam: for
For
[even though]
cum: with
cum
cum: with
[even though]
many [things]
multus: many
multa
multus: many
many [things]
about
de: of, from, about
de
de: of, from, about
about
them
is / eis: he who, that
eis
is / eis: he who, that
them
Sulpicius [??]
Sulpicius: Sulpicius
Sulpici
Sulpicius: Sulpicius
Sulpicius
Alexander [??]
Alexander: Alexander
Alexandri
Alexander: Alexander
Alexander
tells
narro: narrate, tell
narret
narro: narrate, tell
tells
[in his] history,
historia: history
historia
historia: history
[in his] history,
not
non: not
non
non: not
not
however
tamen: however, yet, still
tamen
tamen: however, yet, still
however
the king
rex / regem: king, ruler
regem
rex / regem: king, ruler
the king
first
primus: first
primum
primus: first
first
[does] he
is / eorum: he who, that
eorum
is / eorum: he who, that
[does] he
in any respect
ullatenus: in any respect whatever
ullatinus
ullatenus: in any respect whatever
in any respect
name,
nomino: name
nominat
nomino: name
name,
but [only]
sed: but
sed
sed: but
but [only]
[that some] rulers
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
duces
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
[that some] rulers
they
is / eos: he who, that
eos
is / eos: he who, that
they
had
habeo: have
habuisse
habeo: have
had
[he] says.
dico: say
dicit
dico: say
[he] says.
Historia Francorum 2.9.1.b
Encrypted: Those things yet of the same events as he recorded, I will relate as they appeared there. For after saying that when the Greatest rulers were within the North, they lost all hope of ruling there directly, and instead as if they were friendly settled there, the author adds the following:
Official: Those things yet of the same events as he recorded, I will relate as they appeared there. For after saying that when Magnus Maximus was within Aquileia, he lost all hope of ruling, and as if demented remained thereafter, the author adds the following:
Those [things]
qui / quae: who, what
Quae
qui / quae: who, what
Those [things]
yet
tamen: however, yet, still
tamen
tamen: however, yet, still
yet
of
de: of, from, about
de
de: of, from, about
of
the same [events]
idem / eisdem: the same
eisdem
idem / eisdem: the same
the same [events]
[as he] recorded,
refero: refer, record
referat
refero: refer, record
[as he] recorded,
[I will] relate
memoro: remember, relate
memorare
memoro: remember, relate
[I will] relate
[as they] appeared [there].
video: see, appear
videtur
video: see, appear
[as they] appeared [there].
For
nam: for
Nam
nam: for
For
after
cum: with
cum
cum: with
after
saying
dico: say
dicit
dico: say
saying
[that when] the Greatest [rulers?]
maximus: greatest, highest, most distinguished
Maximum
Maximus: Maximus
[that when Magnus] Maximus
[were] within
intra: within
intra
intra: within
[was] within
the North,
aquilonius: northern
Aquileiam
Aquileia: Aquileia
Aquileia,
[they] lost
amitto: lose
amissam
amitto: lose
[he] lost
all
omnis: all, whole
omnem
omnis: all, whole
all
hope
spes: hope
spem
spes: hope
hope
of ruling [there directly],
imperium: rule, command
imperii
imperium: rule, command
of ruling,
[and instead] as if
quasi: as if
quasi
quasi: as if
[and] as if
[they were?] friendly
amans: loving, friendly, kind
amentem
amens: demented, insane, foolish
demented
settled [there],
resido: settle
resedere
resideo: reside, remain, stay
remained [thereafter],
[the author] adds [the following]:
adiungo: add, join
adiungit
adiungo: add, join
[the author] adds [the following]:
Historia Francorum 2.9.1.c
Encrypted: At that time, the hidden families, the dressed-up nobles and those without public name these rulers as the Franks in Germania appeared, and with many common mortals they settled it undiscovered and casually, the fertile most of those districts and of those populations, and even into the settlers then being colonized substitutes they injected.
Official: At that time, Genobaud, Marcomer and Sunno these rulers of the Franks into Germania broke, and with much mortality the border they invaded with slaughter, the fertile most of those districts they plundered, and even into Agrippina, now being Cologne, fear they instilled.
At
eo: there, until
Eo
eo: there, until
At
[that] time,
tempus: time
tempore
tempus: time
[that] time,
the hidden families [??],
geno: beget; gens: family, clan; abdo / abdes: cover, hide, conceal
Genobaude
Genobaudes: Genobaudes
Genobaud,
the dressed-up nobles [??]
mas / maria: man, noble; como / comere: arrange, adorn, dress
Marcomere
Marcomer: Marcomer
Marcomer
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
[those] without [public] name [??]
sine: without; nomen: name
Sunnone
Sunno / Sunnone: Sunno
Sunno
[these] rulers
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
ducibus
dux / duces: duke, leader, prince, ruler
[these] rulers
[as???] the Franks [??]
Francus: Frankish
Franci
Francus: Frankish
of the Franks
in
in: in
in
in: in
into
Germania
Germania: Germania
Germaniam
Germania: Germania
Germania
appeared,
prorumpo: make an appearance
prorupere
prorumpo: rush forth, break out
broke,
and
ac: and also
ac
ac: and also
and
[with] many
plus / pluribus: many, more
pluribus
plus / pluribus: many, more
[with] much
[common] mortals
mortalis: mortal
mortalium
mortalis: mortal
mortality
[they] settled [it]
limo / limatus: rub, whet, polish, detract gradually from; limito: limit, fix, settle, determine
limite
limito: bound, limit
the border
undiscovered
inrepertus / inreperto: not discovered
inrupto
inrumpo / inrupto: invade, break in
[they] invaded
[and] casually [??],
casu: casually
caesis
caedo / caesus: cut, kill, slay, slaughter
[with] slaughter,
the fertile
fertilis: fertile, fruitful
fertiles
fertilis: fertile, fruitful
the fertile
most
maxime: most
maxime
maxime: most
most
[of those] districts
pagus: country district
pagus
pagus: country district
[of those] districts
[and?] of [those] populations,
de: of, from; populus / populo: people
depopulati
depopulo: sack, plunder, pillage
[they] plundered,
[and even into] the settlers
agripeta: settler
Agrippinensi
Agrippina: Agrippina
[and even into] Agrippina,
then [being]
etiam: even now
etiam
etiam: even now
now [being]
colonized
colonia: colony, possession in land
Coloniae
Colonia: Cologne
Cologne,
substitutes
muto: mutate, modify, change, exchange, substitute for
metum
metuo: fear, afraid
fear
[they] injected.
inicio: inject, infuse, bring into
incusserunt
incutio: strike against, instill
[they] instilled.
Roman rulers leave bulk of army behind, have their actors disguise as Franks.
Historia Francorum 2.9.2.a
Encrypted: When as far as into the tribal lands the hiding had been done of the Nothing-New strategists and the Mockers, the military masters to whom the hostiles’ deception and the defense of Gaul the Greatest rulers had entrusted, gathered their performers, and with country-clothing had them assembled.
Official: When as far as Treves the announcement was coming, Nanninus and Quintinus, the military masters to whom his infant son and the defense of Gaul Maximus had entrusted, gathered their troops, and at Agrippina assembled.
[When] as far
quod: as far as, until
Quod
quod: as far as, until
[When] as far
as
ubi: where, as
ubi
ubi: where, as
as
[into] the tribal [lands?]
tribuarius: relating to a tribe
Treverus
Treveri / Treverus: Treveri
Treves
the hiding
perlateo / perlatemus: lie completely hidden
perlatum
perfero / perlatum / perlatus: carry through, announce
the announcement
had been [done]
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
was [coming],
of the Nothing-New [strategists???]
non: not; novus: new
Nanninus
Nanninus: Nanninus; Naniemus: Naniemus
Nanninus
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
the Mockers,
convitium / convitiis: mockery
Quintinus
Quintinus: Quintinus
Quintinus,
the military
militaris: military
militaris
militaris: military
the military
masters
magister: master
magistri
magister: master
masters
to whom
qui / quibus: who, which
quibus
qui / quibus: who, which
to whom
the hostiles’
infensus: hostile, enraged
infantiam
infans: infant, child
[his] infant
deception
fallo / falsus: deceive, cheat; falsus: false
filii
filius: son
son
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
the defense
defendo / defensus: defend
defensionem
defendo / defensus: defend
the defense
of Gaul [???]
Gallia / Galliarum: Gaul
Galliarum
Gallia / Galliarum: Gaul
of Gaul
the Greatest [rulers?]
maximus: greatest, highest, most distinguished
Maximus
Maximus: Maximus
Maximus
had entrusted,
committo: commit, entrust
conmiserat
committo: commit, entrust
had entrusted,
gathered
colligo / collectus: collect, gather
collecto
colligo / collectus: collect, gather
gathered
[their] performers,
exercens: performer
exercitu
exercitus: army, troop, infantry
[their] troops,
[and] with
apud: by, with
apud
apud: at, near
[and] at
country-clothing [???]
ager / agri: land, territory, country; pannus: cloth, garment
Agripinam
Agrippina: Agrippina
Agrippina
[had them] assembled.
convenio: convene, meet, assemble
convenerunt
convenio: convene, meet, assemble
assembled.
Historia Francorum 2.9.2.b
Encrypted: And even very respectful to this appearance were the foreigners from the provinces fertile of those populations, when into this new skin they changed. And many more of their men in the Roman lands the Roman rulers had left alone, to replicate to be from the local population in preparation.
Official: But laden with loot were the enemies, from the provinces fertile they had plundered, when the Rhine river they crossed. And many more of their men in the Roman lands the Franks had left alone, to repeat the plundering in preparation.
[And] even
sed: but even
Sed
sed: but
But
[very] respectful [???]
honestus: honest, respectable, decent, proper
onusti
onustus: laden
laden
[to this???] appearance [?]
prodeo: come forth, appear
praeda
praeda: booty, loot, spoils
[with] loot
[were] the foreigners
hostis: hostile, stranger, foreigner, enemy
hostes
hostis: hostile, stranger, foreigner, enemy
[were] the enemies,
[from] the provinces
provincia: province
provinciarum
provincia: province
[from] the provinces
fertile
opimus: rich, fertile, abundant
opima
opimus: rich, fertile, abundant
fertile
of [those] populations,
de: of, from; populus / populo: people
depopulati
depopulo: sack, plunder, pillage
[they] had plundered,
[when into this new] skin [???]
ῥινον rhinon: skin, hide, shield
Rhenum
Rhenus: Rhine
[when] the Rhine [river]
[they] changed.
transeo: change, transform
transierunt
transeo: go over, cross
[they] crossed.
[And] many [more]
plus / pluribus: many, more
pluribus
plus / pluribus: many, more
[And] many [more]
of their [men]
suus / suorum: his, theirs
suorum
suus / suorum: his, theirs
of their [men]
in
in: in
in
in: in
in
the Roman [lands]
Romanus: Roman
Romano
Romanus: Roman
the Roman [lands]
[the Roman rulers] had left
relictus: derelict, abandoned, left untouched
relictis
relictus: derelict, abandoned, left untouched
[the Franks] had left
alone,
solus: sole, alone
solo
solus: sole, alone
alone,
to
ad: at, to
ad
ad: at, to
to
replicate
repeto: repeat
repetendam
repeto: repeat
repeat
[to be] from the [local] population
de: of, from; populus / populo: people
depopulationem
depopulo: sack, plunder, pillage
the plundering
[in] preparation.
paratus: prepared, ready
paratis
paratus: prepared, ready
[in] preparation.
Historia Francorum 2.9.2.c
Encrypted: By means of these preparations then approached the Roman actors as it was, and many Franks in the view of duplicated souls furtively were displayed.
Official: With these rearguards then met the Romans under such convenient circumstances as it was, and many Franks at the forest of Carbonaria with the sword were attacked.
By means of
cum: using, by means of
cum
cum: with
With
these [preparations]
qui / quibus: who, which
quibus
qui / quibus: who, which
these [rearguards]
[then] approached
congredior / congressus: meet, approach
congressus
congredior / congressus: meet, approach
[then] met
the Roman
Romanus: Roman
Romanis
Romanus: Roman
the Romans
actors
comoedus: comedian, comic actor
adcomodus
accomodus: fitting, convenient, suitable to
[under such] convenient [circumstances]
[as it] was,
sum / fuit: be
fuit
sum / fuit: be
[as it] was,
[and] many
multus: many
multis
multus: many
[and] many
Franks
Francus: Frankish
Francorum
Francus: Frankish
Franks
in the view of [??]
apud: in the view or sight of, before
apud
apud: at, by, among
at
duplicated souls [???]
cor: heart, soul; bino / binare: duplicate
Carbonariam
Carbonaria: Carbonaria, charcoal forest
[the forest of] Carbonaria
furtively [???]
furtivus / furtivum: furtive, secret, concealed
ferro
ferrum: iron, sword
[with] the sword
were displayed.
promo / promptus: bring into view, display on the stage
perimptis
per: through; impeto / impetis: attack, assail
were attacked.
Some Romans disguise as blonde, pious savages, others don’t want to become Franks .
Historia Francorum 2.9.3.a
Encrypted: However, the Romans discussed hotly whether entirely into Franks to be changed they should. And the Nothing-New faction refused, because they feared the Franks could not be governed like this, and in territory of their own it would be in doubt that easily swindled they would be, that much was understood.
Official: However, the Romans discussed hotly whether into Frankish territory to cross they should. And Nanninus refused, because he feared the Franks would be not unprepared, and in territory of their own undoubtedly stronger would be, that much was understood.
However,
cumque: however
Cumque
cumque: however
However,
[the Romans] discussed
consulto: consult, discuss
consultaretur
consulto: consult, discuss
[the Romans] discussed
hotly [??]
succendo / succensu: set on fire
succensu
succendo / succensu: set on fire
hotly [??]
whether
an: whether, either, or
an
an: whether, either, or
whether
[entirely] into
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
into
Franks
Francus: Frankish
Franciam
Francus: Frankish
Frankish [territory]
to be changed
transeo: be changed into
transire
transeo: go over, cross
to cross
[they] should.
debeo: must, should
deberit
debeo: must, should
[they] should.
[And] the Nothing-New [faction]
non: not; novus: new
Nannenus
Nanninus: Nanninus; Naniemus: Naniemus
[And] Nanninus
refused,
abnueo: refuse, decline, reject
abnuit
abnueo: refuse, decline, reject
refused,
because [they feared the Franks could]
quia: because
quia
quia: because
because [he feared the Franks would be]
not
non: not
non
non: not
not
be governed [like this],
imperito: command, govern; impar: inferior
inparatus
imparatus: not prepared, unready
unprepared,
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
in
in: in
in
in: in
in
territory
locus: locality, place, territory
locis
locus: locality, place, territory
territory
of their [own]
suus / suis: his, theirs
suis
suus / suis: his, theirs
of their [own]
[it would be?] in doubt [???]
in: in; dubius: dubious, doubtful
indubiae
indubius: not doubtful, certain
undoubtedly
[that easily] swindled
fraudo / fraudatis: defraud, cheat
fortiores
fortis: strong, powerful
stronger
[they] would be,
futurus: about to be, future
futurus
futurus: about to be, future
would be,
[that much] was understood.
scio: know, understand
sciebat
scio: know, understand
[that much] was understood.
Historia Francorum 2.9.3.b
Encrypted: This opinion with the Mocker faction and the rest of the men of their military was displeasing, so the Nothing-New faction to being regular magnates returned, and the Mockers with their performers into having all around them a new kind of defensive skin they crossed, as inferiors of golden-haired pious rural communities of appearance worthless, and into such people they changed by deception as a cover.
Official: This opinion with Quintinus and the rest of the warriors of his military was displeasing, so Nanninus to Mainz returned, and Quintinus with the other troops around Neuss castle the Rhine river they crossed, and on the second day of a riverside march houses that of inhabitants had been emptied, and huge villages that were deserted they encountered.
This [opinion]
qui / quod: who, which, that
Quod
qui / quod: who, which, that
This [opinion]
with
cum: with
cum
cum: with
with
the Mocker [faction]
convitium / convitiis: mockery
Quintino
Quintinus / Quintinum: Quintinus
Quintinus
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
the rest
reliquus: remaining, surviving
reliquis
reliquus: remaining, surviving
the rest
of the men
vir: man, warrior
viris
vir: man, warrior
of the warriors
of [their] military
militaris: military, warlike
militaribus
militaris: military, warlike
of [his] military
was displeasing,
displiceo: displease
displicuisset
displiceo: displease
was displeasing,
[so] the Nothing-New [faction??]
non: no; nomen: name
Nanneno
Nanninus: Nanninus
[so] Nanninus
[to being regular] magnates
magnatus / magnatum: magnate, baron
Mogontiacum
Mogontiacum: Mainz
[to] Mainz
returned,
reversio: reversing, return
reverso
reversio: reversing, return
returned,
[and] the Mockers
convitium / convitiis: mockery
Quintinus
Quintinus: Quintinus
[and] Quintinus
with
cum: with
cum
cum: with
with
[their] performers
exercens: performer
exercitu
exercitus: army, troop, infantry
[the other] troops
[into having?] all around [them]
circa: with, all around
circa
circa: around, about
around
a new
novus / novum: new
Nivisium
Novaesium: Neuss
Neuss
[kind of] defensive
castellum: shelter, defence, refuge
castellum
castellum: castle, fortress
castle
skin [???]
ῥινον rhinon: skin, hide, shield
Rhenum
Rhenus: Rhine
the Rhine [river]
[they] crossed,
transgredior / transgressus: cross
transgressus
transgredior / transgressus: cross
[they] crossed,
[as?] inferiors
secundus: secondary, subordinate, inferior
secundis
secundus: second
[and on] the second [day]
of
a: from, out of, to, at
a
a: from, out of, to, at
of
golden-haired [???]
flavus: golden-haired
fluvio
fluvius: river, stream
a river[side]
pious [???]
castus / castior: morally pure, pious, religious
castris
castra: camp, day’s march
march
rural [communities???]
casa: cottage, rural property, small farm
casas
casa: house
houses
of appearance
habitus: habit, dress, external aspect, appearance
habitatoribus
habitator: inhabitant
[that of] inhabitants
worthless [???],
vacuus: void, worthless, unprofitable
vacuas
vacuus: vacant, empty
had been emptied,
and
atque: and also
atque
atque: and also
and
into [such] people
in: into; gens / gentes: people
ingentes
ingens / ingentes: huge, enormous
huge
[they] changed
vicis: turn, change, exchange
vicos
vicus: village, hamlet
villages
[by] deception
destituo: delude, deceive, cheat
distitutos
destituo: desert, leave, abandon
[that] were deserted
[as] a cover.
offundo: spread over, cover
offendit
offendo: come upon, find, encounter
[they] encountered.
Historia Francorum 2.9.4.a
Encrypted: But to be Franks they really had just simulated by modification, to have themselves into those remote woodland communities received, whom they had adapted themselves to so that by external appearances those masses they could manage.
Official: But the Franks really had just simulated fear, and had themselves into more remote forests recovered, to which barricades made by the ends of trees they had administered.
[But to be] Franks
Francus: Frankish
Franci
Francus: Frankish
[But] the Franks
[they] really
enim: truly, really
enim
enim: truly, really
really
had [just] simulated
simulo: simulate, feign, pretend
simulatu
simulo: simulate, feign, pretend
had [just] simulated
[by] modification,
muto / mutatus: mutate, modify, change, exchange, substitute for
metu
metus / metu: fear, dread
fear,
[to have] themselves
se: oneself
se
se: oneself
[and had] themselves
into
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
into
[those] remote
remotus: remote, distant, withdrawn
remotiores
remotus: remote, distant, withdrawn
more remote
woodland [communities]
saltus: ravine, forest-pasture, woodland
saltus
saltus: ravine, forest-pasture, woodland
forests
received,
recipio: receive, accept, admit
reciperant
recipero: recover, restore
recovered,
[whom they?] had adapted themselves to [??]
concedo: give way to, adapt one’s self to
concidibus
concaedes: barricade of felled trees, abatis
[to which?] barricades
[so that?] by
per: by, by means of
per
per: by, by means of
[made] by
external [appearances?]
exter / exterum: external, outer, outward, foreign
extrema
extremum: limit, outside, end
the ends
[those] masses
silva: crowded mass
silvarum
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
of trees
[they could] manage.
procuro: manage, administer
procuratis
procuro: manage, administer
[they] had administered.
Historia Francorum 2.9.4.b
Encrypted: And so all the noble houses appeared in that perception to the whole ignobles, victory to achieve in this way they reckoned. Any harmful stirring militants under their new armor’s oppression scheme they deceived.
Official: And so all the empty houses were burned up by the Romans, in that venting of anger on the whole very uselessly, but the Romans victory to achieve in this way they reckoned. That night distressed the soldiers under their arms’ heavy burden they passed.
And so
itaque: therefore, and so, in this way
Itaque
itaque: therefore, and so, in this way
And so
all
universus: the mass
universis
universus: whole, entire, all
all
the [noble?] houses
domus: household, family
domibus
domus: house
the [empty] houses
appeared
exsisto / exsistis: exist, appear, emerge, become
exustis
exuro / exustis: burn up, destroy by fire
were burned up [by the Romans],
in
in: in
in
in: in
in
that
qui / quas: who, what, that
quas
qui / quas: who, what, that
that
perception
scio / sciverit: know, perceive
saevire
saevio / saevierit: rage, violent, vent anger
venting of anger
[to] the whole
soliditas: solidity, the whole
soliditas
soliditas: solidity, the whole
[on] the whole
ignobles,
ignavus: ignoble, cowardly, useless
ignava
ignavus: ignoble, cowardly, useless
[very] uselessly,
victory
victoria: victory
victoriae
victoria: victory
[but the Romans] victory
to achieve [in this way]
consummatio: consummation, completion, achievement
consummationem
consummatio: consummation, completion, achievement
to achieve [in this way]
[they] reckoned.
repono: put in place of, substitute for
reponebat
repono: restore, place, reckon
[they] reckoned.
[Any] harmful
noxius: noxious, harmful
nocte
nox / noxis: night
[That] night
stirring
sollicito: stir up, arouse, agitate, incite
sollicita
sollicito: disturb, worry, distress
distressed
militants
miles / militis: soldier
militis
miles / militis: soldier
the soldiers
under
sub: under
sub
sub: under
under
[their new] armor’s
arma: armor, defence, shield
armorum
arma: arms, weaponry
[their] arms’
oppression [scheme]
onero: oppress
onere
onero: load, burden
[heavy] burden
[they] deceived.
duco: lead, cheat, deceive
duxerant
duco: pass, spend
[they] passed.
Roman actors gather in the woods to prepare hoaxing Frankish mock battles.
Historia Francorum 2.9.4.a
Encrypted: Also for the first revelation of this mockery, all beforehand perceived and considered, they would begin in the woods in the center about some appointed day, and would envelop themselves in a deceptive fashion, as if all wandering tribesmen they were.
Official: Also at the first dawn, by Quintinus to fight being led, they entered the glades in the center about midday, and became involved themselves in a maze of roads, all wandering they were.
Also
ac: and also
Ac
ac: and also
Also
[for] the first
primus: first
primo
primus: first
[at] the first
revelation
delico: reveal, disclose
diluculo
diluculum: dawn, daybreak
dawn,
[of this] mockery,
convitium / convitiis: mockery
Quintino
Quintinus: Quintinus
[by] Quintinus
[all] beforehand perceived
praeolo: perceive before
proelii
proelior: fight
to fight
[and] considered,
duco: think, consider, regard
duci
duco: lead, command
being led,
[they would] begin
ingredior: enter, undertake, begin
ingressi
ingredior: enter, undertake, begin
[they] entered
[in?] the woods
saltus: ravine, forest-pasture, woodland
saltus
saltus: ravine, forest-pasture, woodland
the glades
in
in: in
in
in: in
in
the center
medium: medium, middle, center
medium
medium: medium, middle, center
the center
about
fere: almost, about, nearly
fere
fere: almost, about, nearly
about
[some?] appointed day,
dies: set day, appointed time
diem
dies: day
[mid]day,
[and would] envelop
implico: envelop, inwrap, embrace
inplicantes
implico: implicate, involve, join
[and became] involved
themselves
se: oneself
se
se: oneself
themselves
[in] a deceptive
error: delusion, deception
erroribus
error: error, maze
[in] a maze
fashion,
via: method, mode, manner, fashion
viarum
via: way, road, street
of roads,
[as if?] all
totus: total, all
toto
totus: total, all
all
wandering [tribesmen??]
pervagor: pervade, extend, wander through
pervagati
pervagor: pervade, extend, wander through
wandering
[they] were.
sum / sunt: be
sunt
sum / sunt: be
[they] were.
Historia Francorum 2.9.5.a
Encrypted: Finally, with into such people having clothed themselves in all respects by these means being densely enclosed and covered, then into a modeled battlefield that to the woods was connected to make an appearance there they would start.
Official: Finally, with huge fences everything with them being densely enclosed they encountered, then into the marshy plains that to the woods were connected to rush they attempted.
Finally,
tandem: finally, at last
Tandem
tandem: finally, at last
Finally,
with
cum: with
cum
cum: with
with
into [such] people
in: into; gens / gentibus: people
ingentibus
ingens / ingentibus: huge, enormous
huge
having clothed [themselves?]
saepio: envelop, clothe, cover, protect
saeptis
saepio: fence in, enclose, surround
fences
in all respects
omnia: in all respects
omnia
omnia: everything
everything
by [these] means
a: by means of
a
a: by, from, to, with
with [them]
[being] densely
solidus: solid, dense
solido
solidus: solid, dense
[being] densely
enclosed
claudo: close, enclose, besiege, confine
clausa
claudo: close, enclose, besiege, confine
enclosed
[and] covered,
offundo: spread over, cover
offendissent
offendo: come upon, find, encounter
[they] encountered,
[then] into
in: in
in
in: in
[then] into
a modeled [??]
plastrum: plaster; plastes: modeller, moulder
palustres
paluster: marshy; palus: swamp, marsh
the marshy
battlefield [???]
campus: open space for battle, battlefield
campus
campus: campus, plain
plains
that
qui: who, what, that
qui
qui: who, what, that
that
[to] the woods
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
silvis
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
[to] the woods
was connected
iungo / iungebantur: join, unite, connect
iungebantur
iungo / iungebantur: join, unite, connect
were connected
to make an appearance [there]
prorumpo: make an appearance
prorumpere
prorumpo: rush forth, break out
to rush
[they would] start.
molior: start, begin, attempt
molientibus
molior: start, begin, attempt
[they] attempted.
Roman actors play-enact injured Franks, smeared with paint to appear mortally wounded.
Historia Francorum 2.9.5.b
Encrypted: Of their actors a few would appear, who were enacting barbarians who were mutilated or cheating to be survivors, and as if from sharp terrible wounds they were in pain in this manner they were brought forth.
Official: Of the hostiles a few then appeared, who on connected tree trunks or barricades stood, and as if from the top of a citadel arrows from engines in this manner they shot.
Of [their] actors
histrio / histrionum: stage-player, actor
hostium
hostis: hostile, stranger, foreigner, enemy
Of the hostiles
a few
rarus / rare: rare, few
rare
rarus / rare: rare, few
a few
[would] appear,
appareo: appear, visible
apparuere
appareo: appear, visible
[then] appeared,
who
qui: who, what, that
qui
qui: who, what, that
who
were enacting
con-: with; ago / acti: act, play, perform
coniuncti
con-: with; iungo / iuncti: join, connect
[on] connected
barbarians
barbarus / barbarum: barbaric, savage, hostile
arborum
arbor / arborum: tree, tree trunk
tree
[who] were mutilated
truncus: maimed, mutilated
truncis
truncus: trunk of a tree
trunks
or
vel: or, even
vel
vel: or, even
or
cheating
concido: deceive, cheat, defraud
concidibus
concaedes: barricade of felled trees, abatis
barricades
to be survivors,
superstes: surviving, outliving
superstantes
supersto: stand on top, stand over
stood,
[and] as if
velut: just as, as if
velut
velut: just as, as if
[and] as if
from
ex / e: out of, from
e
ex / e: out of, from
from
sharp [???]
fastigium: sharp point; fastidium: scornful contempt
fastigiis
fastigium: peak, summit, top
the top
terrible [???]
terror / terroris: terror
turrium
turris: tower, citadel
of a citadel
wounds [???]
saucio / sauciatus: wound, hurt, gash, stab
sagittas
sagitta: arrow
arrows
[they were in] pain [???]
tormentum: torment, torture, pain
turmentorum
tormentum: torment, windlass, engine for hurling stones, missile
[from?] engines
[in this] manner
ritus: rite, custom, way, manner
ritu
ritus: rite, custom, way, manner
[in this] manner
[they] were brought forth.
effundo: bring forth, let go, dismiss
effudere
effundo: discharge, emit, shower, volley
[they] shot.
Historia Francorum 2.9.5.c
Encrypted: They were smeared over with herbs of dyeing color, so that on the top of the skin any usually not death inflicting places such wounds as they would be otherwise, now seemed so dangerous that as deadly they would be observed.
Official: Those were smeared over with herbs of poison, so that even on the top of the skin on usually not death inflicting places such wounds as they would be otherwise, were now so dangerous that death would follow.
[They] were smeared over
inlino / inlitus: smear over, anoint
inlitas
inlino / inlitus: smear over, anoint
[Those] were smeared over
[with] herbs
herba: herb, grass
herbarum
herba: herb, grass
[with] herbs
of dyeing color,
venenum: color, dye, paint
venenis
venenum: venom, poison
of poison,
so that
ut: to, in order that
ut
ut: to, in order that
so that
[on] the top
summus: highest, top
summe
summus: highest, top
[even on] the top
of the skin
cutis: skin
cutis
cutis: skin
of the skin
[any usually] not
neque: nor, and not
neque
neque: nor, and not
[on usually] not
death
letalis: lethal, deadly
letalibuse
letalis: lethal, deadly
death
inflicting
inflecto: change, alter
inflicta
infligo / inflictus: inflict, impose
inflicting
places
locus: locality, place
locis
locus: locality, place
places
[such] wounds
vulnero: wound, injure
vulnera
vulnero: wound, injure
[such] wounds
[as they would be] otherwise,
aut: or, otherwise
aut
aut: or, otherwise
[as they would be] otherwise,
[now seemed so] dangerous
dubius: dubious, dangerous, critical
dubiae
dubius: dubious, dangerous, critical
[were now so] dangerous
[that as?] deadly
mors / mortis: death
mortis
mors / mortis: death
[that] death
[they would] be observed.
sequor: obey, observe, spread over
sequerentur
sequor: follow, ensue
[would] follow.
Roman actors run into the open field and stage their mock-battles.
Historia Francorum 2.9.6.a
Encrypted: Then, into great crowds of actors crowded were these performers, and into the open plains that were free to be seen by the Franks they left, eagerly spilling the false blood they were.
Official: Then, by ever greater crowds of hostiles crowded were the troops, and into the open plains that was free of the Franks they left, eagerly pouring out they were.
Then,
dehinc: then, after that
Dehinc
dehinc: then, after that
Then,
[into?] great
magnus / maior: great, vast
maiore
magnus / maior: great, vast
[by ever] greater
crowds
multitudo: multitude, crowd
multitudine
multitudo: multitude, crowd
crowds
of actors
histrio / histrionum: stage-player, actor
hostium
hostis / hostium: hostile, stranger, foreigner, enemy
of hostiles
crowded
circumfundo: crowd around
circumfusus
circumfundo: crowd around
crowded
[were these] performers,
exercens: performer
exercitus
exercitus: army, troop, infantry
[were] the troops,
[and] into
in: into
in
in: into
[and] into
the open
apertus: open, public, exposed
aperta
apertus: open, public, exposed
the open
plains
campus: campus, plain
camporum
campus: campus, plain
plains
that
qui / quae: who, what, that
quae
qui / quae: who, what, that
that
were free [to be seen?]
libero: liberate, free
libera
libero: liberate, free
was free
[by?] the Franks
Francus: Frankish
Franci
Francus: Frankish
of the Franks
[they] left,
relinquo: leave behind, abandon
reliquerant
relinquo: leave behind, abandon
[they] left,
eagerly
avide: eagerly, impatiently
avide
avide: eagerly, impatiently
eagerly
spilling [the false?] blood
affundo: spill blood
effusus
effundo: discharge, pour out
pouring out
[they] were.
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
[they] were.
Historia Francorum 2.9.6.b
Encrypted: And then to be killed in likeness they actually could insinuate, so confounding were the persons and imitations of the bodies, altered in turn with their concealments they were.
Official: And then at first the horsemen in water holes became immersed, so mixed together were of men and beasts the bodies, destroying each other mutually with their pressure they were.
And [then]
ac: and also
Ac
ac: and also
And [then]
to be killed [???]
perimo / perimis: kill, slay
primi
primus: first
at first
[in] likeness
aequus: equal, like
equites
eques: horseman, cavalryman; equus: horse
the horsemen
[they] actually [???]
vere: really, truly, actually; -ago: (suffix)
voraginibus
vorago: deep hole; voro: swallow up; -ago: (suffix)
[in] water holes
[could] insinuate,
immergo: insinuate
inmersi
immergo: immerse, dip
[became] immersed,
[so] confounding
permisceo: confound
permixtis
permisceo: mix together
[so] mixed together
[were] the persons
homo: person
hominum
homo: man
[were] of men
and imitations
imitamentum: imitating, imitation; -que: and
iumentorumque
iumentum: beast of burden, horse, mule; -que: and
and beasts
of the bodies,
corpus: body, person, self
corporibus
corpus: body, person, self
the bodies,
altered
renovo / renovem: renew, change, alter
ruinam
ruina: ruin, destruction
destroying
in turn
invicem: in turn, mutually
invicem
invicem: in turn, mutually
[each other] mutually
[with] their
suus / suorum: his, theirs
suorum
suus / suorum: his, theirs
[with] their
concealments
opprimo / oppressus:
oppraessi
opprimo / oppressus: press down, crush
pressure
[they] were.
sum / sunt: be
sunt
sum / sunt: be
[they] were.
Real, undisguised Roman soldiers play the enemy in mock-battles, but must disappear quickly.
Historia Francorum 2.9.6.c
Encrypted: Real Roman foot soldiers also, of whom none were covered in such likeness and scorn, also joined the oblique act, but without displaying any advance, so they would soon turn back themselves, to that place that just a little before only just they had emerged from, and in the forest obscurely they hid themselves.
Official: The Roman foot soldiers also, of whom none were pressed on by the horses and crushed, still became entangled in the mud, and lacked the strength to disentangle their steps, so they would soon turn back themselves, to that place that just a little before only just they had emerged from, and in the forest panicking they hid themselves.
[Real Roman???] foot soldiers
pedes: pedestrian, foot soldier, infantryman
Pedites
pedes: pedestrian, foot soldier, infantryman
The [Roman] foot soldiers
also,
etiam: and also, even now
etiam
etiam: and also, even now
also,
of whom
qui / quos: who, what, that
quos
qui / quos: who, what, that
of whom
none
nullus: no, none
nulla
nullus: no, none
none
were covered
onero: cover
onera
onero: load, burden, oppress
were pressed on
[in such] likeness
aequus: equal, like
equorum
equus: horse
[by] the horses
[and] scorn,
calco: scorn, spurn, despise, abuse
calcaverant
calco: crush, trample upon
[and] crushed,
[also] joined
implico: implicate, involve, join
inplicati
implico: engage, entangle
[still became] entangled
the oblique [act],
limus: oblique
limo
limus: mud, mire, slime
[in] the mud,
[but] without
egeo / egere: lack, want, without
egre
egeo / egere: lack, want, without
[and] lacked
displaying
explico: set forth, display, exhibit
explecantes
explico: explain, unfold, disentangle
[the strength] to disentangle
[any] advance,
gradior / gressus: go, walk, step, advance
gressum
gradior / gressus: go, walk, step, advance
[their] steps,
[so they would soon] turn back
rursus: in turn, again
rursus
rursus: turned back, backward
[so they would soon] turn back
themselves,
se: himself
se
se: himself
themselves,
[to] that [place that]
qui: who, what, that
qui
qui: who, what, that
[to] that [place that]
[just] a little
paulo: little, somewhat
paulo
paulo: little, somewhat
[just] a little
before
ante: before
ante
ante: before
before
only just
vix: hardly, barely, only just
vix
vix: hardly, barely, only just
only just
[they] had emerged [from],
emergo: appear
emerserant
emergo: emerge, appear, arrive
[they] had emerged [from],
[and in] the forest
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
silvis
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
[and in] the forest
obscurely
turbido: obscure, make confusion
trepidantes
trepidans: trembling, anxious, panicking
panicking
they hid [themselves].
occulo: cover, hide, conceal
occulebant
occulo: cover, hide, conceal
they hid [themselves].
Historia Francorum 2.9.7.a
Encrypted: Confusing therefore was the mockery, as the slaughter was a joke.
Official: Confused therefore were the ranks, and slaughtered were the legions.
Confusing
perturbo / perturbatus: confuse
Perturbatis
perturbo / perturbatus: confuse
Confused
therefore
ergo: therefore
ergo
ergo: therefore
therefore
[was] the mockery,
irrideo: ridicule, mock
ordinibus
ordo: order, rank, row
[were] the ranks,
[as] the slaughter
caedo: cut down, murder, slaughter
caesae
caedo: cut down, murder, slaughter
and slaughtered
[was] a joke.
logos / logis: word, joke, jest
legionis
legio / legionis: legion, army
[were] the legions.
Most actors playing Franks need to be locals.
Historia Francorum 2.9.7.b
Encrypted: The disguised master, who was of the assistants the commander, and also almost all others who in the army of actors were present had to be foreigners. Only a few could escape notice in a totally harmful environment, and by hiding in the crowds of the show.
Official: Heraclius, who was of the Jovinians the commander, and also almost all others who the soldiers commanded were killed. Only a few escaped in the totally dark night, and used hiding-places that the forest offered.
The disguised master,
herus / hero: master; celo / celas: hide, disguise
Heraclio
Heraclius: Heraclius
Heraclius,
[who was] of the assistants
iuvo / iuves: help, assist
Iovinianorum
Iovis: Jupiter
[who was] of the Jovinians
the commander,
tribunus: tribune, commander
tribuno
tribunus: tribune, commander
the commander,
and also
ac: and also
ac
ac: and also
and also
almost
paene: mostly, almost
paene
paene: mostly, almost
almost
all [others]
omnis: each, every
omnibus
omnis: each, every
all [others]
who
qui: who, what, that
qui
qui: who, what, that
who
[in?] the army [of actors?]
miles / militis: soldier, army
militibus
miles / militis: soldier, army
the soldiers
were present
praesum: present, in person
praeerant
praesum: be before, have command
commanded
[had to be?] foreigners [?].
exoticus: exotic, foreign
extinctis
extinguo / extinctus: extinguish, kill, destroy
were killed.
[Only] a few
paucus: little, few
paucis
paucus: little, few
[Only] a few
[could] escape notice
effugio: escape notice
effugium
effugio: flee, escape
escaped
[in a] totally
totus: total, all
totum
totus: total, all
[in the] totally [dark]
harmful [environment??],
noxius: noxious, harmful
nox
nox: night
night,
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
[by] hiding
latibulum: hiding-place; lateo: hide
latibula
latibulum: hiding-place; lateo: hide
[used?] hiding-places
[in] the crowds
silva: crowded mass
silvarum
silva: wood, forest, grove, trees
[that] the forest
of the show.
praesto: exhibit, present, show
praestiterunt
praesto: at hand, offer
offered.