Livy: Founding of Rome
The History of Rome by Titus Livius reveals that Rome was actually founded by the Phoenicians, namely the Tyrians. The pun-encrypted secret history tells how the Tyrian bronze-clad armies were invincible and could plunder freely. But local people hated & fought them everywhere, so the Tyrian overlords bribed local rulers to hide behind, and disguised themselves. In Italy, they reinvented themselves as “Trojans”, then “Latins”, then “Romans”. This explains Rome’s apparent rise to global power: It had been a global power all along! Virgil’s Aeneid tells the same story.
Introduction
Livius states in his history that Rome was founded by Trojan refugees around the hero Aenas, as told in the Aeneid, who then mingled with the local Latins. That’s nowhere mentioned in the Greek legend of Troy though, so today it’s admitted to be made-up.
Instead, modern historians claim Rome grew organically from small local Latin, Sabine & Etruscan tribes alone, without anyone else interfering. But that explanation looks false too:
Rome went very rapidly from being founded as a single city in 753 BC to a streamlined republic in 509 BC, and then conquered the entire Mediterranean. It continued to grow into a global empire, one of the largest in human history. Rome reached its largest extension in 117 AD, ruling one-sixth to one-fourth of the world’s population. Incredible!
It’s all the more incredible as Rome evolved right under the noses of many existing empires, which it then conquered left & right. What did the Romans have that the older empires didn’t have? Shouldn’t the older powers know more about technology, trade, strategy and warfare? Wouldn’t they have crushed an upstart competitor? Something’s missing here.
If you’ve read Miles’ works, you’ll know that stories about a stellar rise to the top are typically forgeries. That’s true for celebrities, corporations, and nations. What comes out at the top usually comes from the top. Only that’s not admitted to the public.
And when you take a few steps back, it’s also obvious for Rome: Just about when Rome was founded, many Greek colonies were also founded in Italy, so many that the South was called Magna Graecia. The Phoenician colony Carthage was founded before Rome, not so far away, and developed similarly. And there’s even many traces of Phoenician settlement & trade in and around Italy, such as in Sicily, Ustica, Filicudi, Ischia, Capri, Elba, Tuscany, Populonia.
So, Rome must have been a colony, imbued with existing power by an existing empire. From the many Greek influences you’d guess it was a Greek city-state. But inofficially, Phoenician Tyre was the secret superpower behind pretty much all other powers, much like the USA today. Only that’s been censored out of official history.
Only when you decrypt the Roman texts word-for-word, they tell us the unofficial story: The Tyrians founded Rome, with the help of traitors from local elites! They covered it up from the beginning, because everybody already hated them. Livy’s encrypted history even mentions how the Tyrian armies were near-invincible because of their bronze, and tells how the Tyrians usually possessed other nations. It then recounts the secret invasion of Italy. These are the stages:
- At first, Tyrian brute-force invasions of Italy are apparently thwarted by the hostile locals. So the Tyrians consider a secret invasion. 🡻
- Generally, the Tyrians apparently approach local nobles secretly, and have them betray their nations. The Tyrians then become official allies, until they finally possess the land. 🡻
- One very important passage reveals the source of Tyrian power: It’s the bronze! Because of their superior bronze-clad armies & navy, the Tyrians can loot & plunder freely! 🡻
- In Italy too, native rulers enter into a pact with the Tyrians. They also agree to take part in covering up the invasion. 🡻
- The Tyrians then found a new city, use the local populations for mining, and secretly ship the treasures off. 🡻
- To make this work, they rule secretly from behind local elites, and all are to be addressed as “Latins”. 🡻
The most important puns in Livy’s history already hint at the Tyrian secret:
- The founders of Rome are said to be Troiani “Trojans”, and that’s spelled almost like Tyriani “Tyrians”. The myth that “Trojan” refugees founded Rome may have developed out of this pun. In the Aeneid, Tyre is even in the official text.
- Aeneas, the mythical Trojan hero who founded Rome, is spelled exactly like aeneas for “bronze”. And Phoenician power was founded on a monopoly on tin and bronze. Several Latin words for “bronze”, like aerarius, were also used for persons occupied with bronze. My guess is that “bronzer” may have been a nickname for Phoenician traders.
- The mythical local king is called Latinus, and his people the Latini “Latins”. That puns with latens / latenti for “hidden” & “latent”. These local Latin tribes likely really existed. But in the texts, the word often encrypts that something is “hidden”.
Bronze and other ores were likely also the reason for Italy’s colonization. It’s perhaps even the reason why the locals could resist at first, and it had to be covered up. Some of the oldest European copper mines are found in Liguria, there was copper around Populonia and on Elba, and there are tin ores in Tuscany. The locals knew metallurgy, and the regional Iron Ages were also starting in Italy. So probably, the Tyrian overlords had to move in, before the locals were fully armed up. (Similar moves may have occurred in the late Bronze Age collapse.)
I’ve only decrypted the beginning so far, but it’s already proof that most of human history is a forgery, and the literal content of historical texts is never to be trusted.
How to read this
- In the interlinear text, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
- Use the Pun Config to choose your level: Minimal for secret meaning only, Beginner for secret & official English texts, Intermediate for word-by-word vocabulary, Expert for original text & glyphs.
- Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
- Official meaning is marked with light green.
- Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
- Please read the introduction, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
- Religious readers should proceed with care.
Tyrians invade Italy in disguise
Tyrians feign to be Trojans.
The first sentence is already weird: Trioa capta in ceteros saevitum esse Troianos “Troy was captured, the others violated was the Trojans”. The official meaning is “the other Trojans were violated”, i.e. all but the 2 heroes of this story. But the word “others” is not necessary, the next phrase already says it’s the 2. And the authors put esse Troianos “it’s the Trojans” at the end. Of course when Troy is captured, it’s about Trojans. So why this garbled sentence?
My theory was always that Rome was really founded by Phoenicians. That explains Rome’s spooky rise to world domination. And it also explains this weird introductory sentence. The real phrase would read: Trioa capta in ceteros scivitum esse Tyrianos “Troy was a deception for others to be perceived, it was the Tyrians”. capta means “captured”, but also “deceived”. saevitum “violated” is similar to scivitum, an irregular form for scitum “to know”. And Troianos “Trojans” is similar to Tyrianos, an irregular form for Tyrios “Tyrians”.
This interpretation is not proof by itself, but it’s later confirmed in many sentences. One says that Troy is just one place, and the people as a whole are called Veneti. This means that Tyre is just one city, and the people as a whole are called Phoenicians.
History of Rome 1.1.a
Encrypted: Now firstly, it is always sufficiently agreed, that when as “Troy” deceptively for others to be perceived, it really is the Tyrians.
Official: Now firstly, it is always sufficiently agreed, that when Troy was captured, then upon the others the violence was upon the Trojans.
Now
iam: now, already
iam
iam: now, already
Now
firstly,
primus: first
primum
primus: first
firstly,
[it is] always
omnis: all, every
omnium
omnis: all, every
[it is] always
sufficiently
satis: satisfied, enough, sufficient
satis
satis: satisfied, enough, sufficient
sufficiently
agreed,
consto: agree, certain
constat
consto: agree, certain
agreed,
[that when as] “Troy”
Troia: Troy
Troia
Troia: Troy
[that when] Troy
deceptively
capio / capta: cheat, delude, mislead, deceive
capta
capio / capta: capture, seize, take
was captured,
for
in: under, into, for
in
in: in, upon
[then] upon
others
ceterus: other, otherwise, others
ceteros
ceterus: rest, remainder, others
the others
[to] be perceived,
scio / scivit / scivitum: know, perceive
saevitum
saevio / saevitum: rage, furious, violent
the violence
[it really] is
sum / esse: be
esse
sum / esse: be
was
the Tyrians [!!!].
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre
Troianos
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy
[upon] the Trojans.
When trying to get the bronze by force, they are defeated by locals.
Here, the literal text indroduces Aeneas & Antenor, Trojan heroes, who had “pledged” to pacis reddendae Helenae “peacefully return Helena”. They could therefore “avoid” the ius belli “laws of war”, by which they would have been punished otherwise. Antenor then joined a multitudine Enetum “crowd of Eneti”, who had been pulsi “banished”.
Obviously, Troy has nothing to do with Rome. The heroes’ Greek names were random-picked from the Troy myth only for their Latin pun values: Greek Aeneas puns perfectly with Latin aeneas “copper” & “bronze”, and bronze trade was what gave Phoenician Tyre its military & financial power. Antenor is not as straightforward. I think he’s supposed to pun with Latin attineor “possessing”. Together the names probably mean that the Tyrians here want to possess bronze ores in Italy. However, generally the pagis reddendae alienae “rural people take revenge on the foreigners”, when these foreigners try to “avoid” the local ius belli “laws by war”. Apparently, on multitudine eventum “many occasions”, the invaders were pulsi “defeated”.
In the beginning, I had thought that great “civilizations” could invade “uncivilized” lands more or less at whim, that it was a logistics problem at most. Apparently, this was not always so. If this is true, then I salute our European ancestors here, for managing to kick some bronze-clad butt, and repel the superpower scum for a while.
History of Rome 1.1.b
Encrypted: Generally, it was dangerous for bronze to be obtained, both because prevented it local laws & authorities for foreigners, and also because the rural clans to take vengeance on hostile / foreigners always pledged they had done, when all these laws with military force by the bronze traders were avoided. Occasions / had occurred then various to obtain it, with a multitude of occurrences which led to insurrections from the people contesting it and defeat.
Official: But two men, Aeneas and Antenor, both because of ancient laws of hospitality, and also because to peace and to giving back Helena always pledged they had done, so all the punishment laws of war by the Acheans Aeneas and Antenor avoided. Events / occurred then various to Antenor with a crowd of Eneti who were separated from Paphlagonia by banishment.
[Generally, it] was dangerous
dubius: dubious, uncertain, critical, dangerous
duobus
duo / duobus: two
[But] two [men],
[for] bronze
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneae
Aeneas: Aeneas
Aeneas
[to] be obtained,
attineo / attineor: hold possession; ad-: to; teneo / teneor: hold, obtain; -que: and so
Antenorique
Antenor: Antenor; -que: and
and Antenor,
both [because]
et: and
et
et: and
both [because of]
prevented [it]
veto / vetitus: forbid, obstacle, prevent
vetusti
vetustus: old, ancient
ancient
[local] laws & authorities
iure: legally; ius / iure: law, authority
iure
iure: legally; ius / iure: law, authority
laws
[for] foreigners,
hospes / hospiti: host, guest, stranger, foreigner
hospitii
hospitium / hospitii: hospitable reception, entertainment
of hospitality,
and also
et: and
et
et: and
and also
because
quia: because
quia
quia: because
because
the rural clans
pagus / pagis: rural people, clan
pacis
pax / pacis: peace, agreement
[to] peace
to take vengeance [on]
reddo: take revenge for, inflict vengeance; -que: and
reddendaeque
reddo: give back, restore; -que: and
[and to] giving back
hostile / foreigners
alienus / alienae: alien, strange, foreign, hostile
Helenae
Helena / Helenae: Helena
Helena
always
semper: always
semper
semper: always
always
pledged
auctoro: oblige oneself, pledge
auctores
auctoro: oblige oneself, pledge
pledged
[they] had done,
sum / fuerunt: be
fuerunt
sum / fuerunt: be
[they] had done,
[when] all
omnis: all, every
omne
omnis: all, every
[so] all
these laws
ius: right, law
ius
ius: right, law
the [punishment] laws
[with] military force
bellum / belli: war, combat, military force
belli
bellum / belli: war, combat, military force
[of] war
[by] the bronze [traders]
aercus: copper, bronze
Achivos
Achivus / Achaeus: of Achaea
[by] the Acheans
[were] avoided.
abstineo: keep off, stay away, avoid
abstinuisse
abstineo: keep off, stay away, avoid
[Aeneas and Antenor] avoided.
Occasions / had occurred
casus: occasion, opportunity, chance
casibus
casus: fall, event, occurrence
Events / occurred
then
deinde: then, next
deinde
deinde: then, next
then
various
varius: various, diverse
variis
varius: various, diverse
various
[to] obtain [it],
attineo / attineor: hold possession; ad-: to; teneo / teneor: hold, obtain
Antenorem
Antenor: Antenor
[to] Antenor
with
cum: with
cum
cum: with
with
a multitude
multitudo: multitude, crowd
multitudine
multitudo: multitude, crowd
a crowd
[of] occurrences
eventus / eventum: event, occurrence
Enetum
Eneti / Enetum: Eneti
[of] Eneti
which
qui: who, which
qui
qui: who, which
who
[led to] insurrections
seditio: discord, quarrel, insurrection
seditione
seditio: sedition, strife
were separated
from
ex: from, out of
ex
ex: from, out of
from
the people contesting [it]
poplus: people; agon: struggle, contest
Paphlagonia
Paphlagonia: Paphlagonia
Paphlagonia
[and] defeat.
pello / pulsi: beat, push, defeat, banish
pulsi
pello / pulsi: beat, push, defeat, banish
[by] banishment.
Only with a wrapping veil can the invasion begin.
Here, the literal text says that the Eneti refugees are “looking for” a “settlement” and a ducem “leader”, because their rege Pylaemene “king Pylamenes” had been ad Troiam amisso “lost in Troy”. Why do they mention this king, when he never appears again?
The secret text likely says that the Tyrians are also “looking for” a “settlement”, probably a fortified one to start their looting expeditions from. This is to become Rome. But they also need a dicis “appearance” and a raga velamenis “covering rag”, i.e. a veil, ad introeam amicto “for the covered-up invasion”.
Note: The last 3 puns are a bit fuzzy & uncertain: dux / ducis / ducem “leader” would pun well with dix / dicis / dicem “appearance”, but only the form dicis is attested, the others are inferred. Troiam “Troy” only puns with introeam “invading” when you add the word “in”. But the Latin sentence doesn’t have the word “in”, even though it would fit the meaning. Maybe it was present in earlier versions. As for amisso “lost” punning with amicto “cover”, they are only similar in forms that aren’t used here: Latin amitto “lost” is spelled the same as Italian amitto “cover”, where the C in the Latin form has been swallowed. Overall, the meaning of should be clear though: The Tyrians were defeated before, and therefore need both a base and a cover.
History of Rome 1.1.c
Encrypted: And thus a fortified settlement and an appearance as a wrapping covering veil for an invasion to be covered-up they were looking for.
Official: And thus a stable settlement and a leader, as their king Pylaemenes in Troy they had lost, they were looking for.
And [thus]
et: and, also
et
et: and, also
And [thus]
a [fortified] settlement
sedes: place, settlement, habitation
sedes
sedes: place, settlement, habitation
a [stable] settlement
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
an appearance
dix / dicis: form, appearance; indico / indicem: show
ducem
dux / ducis / ducem: leader, commander
a leader,
[as] a wrapping
racana / raga: garment, wrap
rege
rex / rege: king, ruler; rego / rege: rule, govern
[as their] king
covering veil
velamen / velamenis: veil, cover, covering
Pylaemene
Pylaemenes: Pylaemenes
Pylaemenes
for
ad: for
ad
ad: to
in
an invasion
introeo / introi / introeam: invade
Troiam
Troia / Troiam: Troy
Troy
to be covered-up
amictus / amicto: covered, veiled
amisso
amitto / amisso: let go, lose
[they had] lost,
[they] were looking for.
quaero: query, seek, look for
quaerebant
quaero: query, seek, look for
[they] were looking for.
Local nobles betray their nations to the Tyrians.
Here, the literal text tells how the refugees come to the intimum maris Hadriatici “innermost Adrian sea”, and after the Euganei are pulsis “defeated”, who inter mare Alpesque incolebant “dwelled between Alps and sea”, the Trojans go on to possess the land.
The encrypted text is difficult again. It seems to be an introduction to plan B, saying that the Tyrians typically bribed the local aristocrats to accept their invasions: They came to the intimum maris authoritatici “noble authorities in secret”, and after these eugenii “nobles” had plausis “approved”, and inter mare alipes inculcabant “among the men swiftly enforced” it, the Tyrians would go on to possess the land.
The rest is world history: We now live in a world ruled by secretive Phoenicians.
History of Rome 1.1.d
Encrypted: Usually, they came in intimacy & secrecy to the noble authorities in secret. And after these nobles who among the other men swiftly forced an approval, it began and the Tyrians went to possess the lands.
Official: They came to the inmost of the sea Adriatic the inmost bay. And after the Euganei who between the sea and the Alps dwelled they defeated, the Eneti and the Trojans went to possess the lands.
[Usually, they] came
venio: come
venisse
venio: come
[They] came
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
to
intimacy & secrecy
intimus: most intimate, most secret
intimum
intimus: inmost, deepest
the inmost
[to] the noble [?]
mas / maris: man, manly, brave, noble
maris
mare / maris: sea
[of] the sea
authorities
authoritas / authoritatici: authority, power
Hadriatici
Hadriaticus / Hadriatici: Adriatic; Hadria: Adria
Adriatic
[in] secret.
sinus: concealment, secret
sinum
sinus: hollow, bay
the [inmost] bay.
And [after these] nobles
eugeneus / eugenii: well-born, noble, generous; -que: and
Euganeisque
Euganei: Euganei; -que: and
And [after] the Euganei
who
qui: who
qui
qui: who
who
among
inter: between, among
inter
inter: between, among
between
the [other] men
mas / mares: man, manly, brave, noble
mare
mare: sea
the sea
swiftly
alipes: swift; allapsus / allapsis: silent; -que: and so
Alpesque
Alpis / Alpes: Alps; -que: and
and the Alps
forced
inculco: inculcate, impress on, force upon
incolebant
incolo: dwell, inhabit
dwelled
an approval,
plausus / plausis: applause, approbation
pulsis
pello / pulsis: beat, push, defeat, banish
[they] defeated,
[it] began
initium / initiis: beginning
Enetos
Eneti / Enetos: Eneti
the Eneti
and the Tyrians
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre; -que: and so
Troianosque
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy; -que: and
and the Trojans
went
eo / eas: go
eas
eo / eas: go
went
to possess
teneo: hold, keep, possess
tenuisse
teneo: hold, keep, possess
to possess
the lands.
terra: earth, land
terras
terra: earth, land
the lands.
The people as a whole are called Phoenicians.
The literal text seems to say that many peoples & places in Italy are named after the immigrating Trojans, even though the people there as a whole are called Veneti.
The encrypted text seems to say that many peoples & places in Italy are named after the secretly invading Tyrians, and that those people as a whole are called Phoenicians.
I haven’t found any places in Italy though, that are named like “Troy” or “Tyre”. They may have since been renamed, to cover it up. It’s possible that the authors mean the Tyrrhenian sea, or Turin, or the Taurini, or the Tyrrhenoi, a Greek term for Etruscans.
History of Rome 1.1.e
Encrypted: And in that where they first came out being that place, “Tyre” it is called, and the region of that place “Tyrian” coast its name is. The people as a whole “Phoenicians” are called.
Official: And in that where they first came out being that place, “Troy” Tyrrhenians it is called, and the region of that place “Trojan” Tyrrhenian coast its name is. The people as a whole “Veneti” are called.
And
et: and
et
et: and
And
in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
in
that
qui: who, which, what
quem
qui: who, which, what
that
[where they] first
primus: first
primum
primus: first
[where they] first
came out
egredior / egressi: go out, come forth
egressi
egredior / egressi: go out, come forth
came out
being
sum / sunt: be
sunt
sum / sunt: be
being
[that] place,
locus: place, spot
locum
locus: place, spot
[that] place,
“Tyre”
Tyrius / Tyria: Tyrian, of Tyre
Troia
Troia: Troy
“Troy” [Tyrrhenians?]
[it] is called,
voco: call, summon
vocatur
voco: call, summon
[it] is called,
[and] the region
pagus: district, region; -que: and
pagoque
pagus: district, region; -que: and
[and] the region
of that place
inde: from there
inde
inde: from there
of that place
“Tyrian” [coast]
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre
Troiano
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy
“Trojan” [Tyrrhenian coast?]
[its] name
nomen: name
nomen
nomen: name
[its] name
is.
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
is.
The people
gens: clan, race, people, nation
gens
gens: clan, race, people, nation
The people
as a whole
universus: whole, entire
universa
universus: whole, entire
as a whole
“Phoenicians”
Phoenicius / Phoenicii: Phoenicia; phoeniceus: purple-red
Veneti
Veneti: Veneti; venetus: sea blue
“Veneti”
are called.
appello: address as, call by name
appellati
appello: address as, call by name
are called.
They advanced from destroyers to allies to enslavers.
The literal story now switches to Aeneas, who steers towards “even greater affairs”. He goes from Macedoniam “Macedonia” to Siciliam “Sicilia” to the Laurentem ager “lands of Laurentum”.
The encrypted text seems to tell how for the aeneas “bronze” mining, “even greater affairs” are needed. The Tyrians go from being mactandam “destroyers” to socialium “allies” to loramentum ager “bondage of the land”.
History of Rome 1.1.f
Encrypted: The bronze by similar mischief to conquer it they advanced, but towards even greater business to initiate it they considered this enterprise. They first as destroyers came, from there into allies they obtained this role by persuasion and gifts. From allied armed forces towards bondage of the land they obtained this position.
Official: Aeneas, from similar calamities of his house he fled, but towards even greater events to initiate them he was led by fate. He first to Macedonia came, from there to Sicily in his quest for settlement he was carried. From Sicily his fleet towards Laurentum the land he kept his course.
The bronze
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneam
Aeneas: Aeneas
Aeneas,
by
ab: by, by means of
ab
ab: from, out of
from
similar
similis: like, resembling, similar
simili
similis: like, resembling, similar
similar
mischief
clades: mischief
clade
clades: calamity, disaster
calamities
[to] conquer [it]
domo: break, conquer, subdue, master
domo
domus / domo: house
[of his] house
[they] advanced,
proficio: advance, accomplish
profugum
profugus: fugitive, fled, vagabond
[he] fled,
but
sed: but, but also
sed
sed: but, but also
but
towards
ad: to, toward
ad
ad: to, toward
towards
[even] greater
magnus / maior: great
maiora
magnus / maior: great
[even] greater
business
res / rerum: business
rerum
res / rerum: event, affair
events
[to] initiate [it]
initio: initiate, begin
initia
initio: initiate, begin
[to] initiate [them]
[they] considered
duco / ducentibus: think, consider
ducentibus
duco / ducentibus: lead, guide
[he] was led
[this] enterprise.
factum / factis: fact, deed, act, enterprise
fatis
fatum / fatis: utterance, oracle, fate, calamity
[by] fate.
[They] first
primus: first
primo
primus: first
[He] first
[as]
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
to
destroyers
macto / mactandam: overthrow, ruin, destroy
Macedoniam
Macedonia / Macedoniam: Macedonia
Macedonia
came,
venio: come
venisse
venio: come
came,
from there
inde: from there
inde
inde: from there
from there
into
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
to
allies
socialis / socialia: allies, confederates
Siciliam
Sicilia: Sicily
Sicily
[they] obtained [this role]
quaero: get, obtain, acquire
quaerentem
quaero: query, seek, look for
[in his] quest
[by] persuasion
suadeo / suades: suade, persuade, urge
sedes
sedes: place, residence, settlement
[for] settlement
[and] gifts.
defero / delatum: give, grant, sell
delatum
defero / delatum: carry, bring
[he was] carried.
From
ab: from, out of
ab
ab: from, out of
From
allied
socialis / socialia: allies, confederates
Sicilia
Sicilia: Sicily
Sicily
armed forces
classis: armed forces, fleet
classe
classis: armed forces, fleet
[his] fleet
towards
ad: to, toward
ad
ad: to, toward
towards
bondage
loramentum: strap, thong, bandage; loratus: bound
Laurentem
Laurentum: Laurentum; laurus / laurorum: laurel
Laurentum
[of] the land
ager: land, country, territory
agrum
ager: land, country, territory
[the] land
[they] obtained [this position].
teneo: obtain, hold position
tenuisse
teneo: hold, keep, reach
[he] kept [his course].
The ultra-rich Tyrians can plunder freely, as their armies are undefeatable.
Here the literal text says that the egressi Troiani “Trojans came out”, and because of their immenso prope errore “immense previous wanderings”, it’s that nihil praeter arma et naves superesset “nothing but their arms & ships were left over”, so they “plundered from the land”.
The encrypted text says that the egressi Tyriani “Tyrians are superior”, because of their immenso proprie aerarie “immense property of bronze treasures”, it’s that nihil praeter arma et naves superasset “nothing surpasses their armies & ships”, so they “plunder from the land”.
This is an insanely important section to understand Phoenician power. Official history texts admit they had a near-monopoly on tin and therefore on bronze. Only those texts never say what they did with it, and imply they just dutifully traded it for their customers. But no one has a monopoly on military material without using it for themselves. And the Phoenicians did, and conquered the world with it. Many people speculate how the spooks came to power with finance & deception. But those are cheap & brittle secondary tools. Military goons-with-sticks power always came first!
This paragraph is also odd in that they “plunder freely”, while the previous paragraphs said that brute force didn’t quite succeed, and they needed a disguise. It may that they could defeat anyone on the coast, but for smooth mining operations they needed total control over the entire country.
History of Rome 1.1.g
Encrypted: “Tyre” also here of this place the name is. There surpassed all others the Tyrians, because they, from their immense property of copper & bronze treasures, nothing against their armies and their ships could overcome & survive. And so they plundered freely from the lands they did.
Official: “Troy” Tyrrhenian coast also here of this place the name is. There came out of the sea the Trojans, because they, from their immense previous wanderings, nothing except their arms and their ships had left over. And so they plundered from the lands they did.
“Tyre”
Tyrus / Tyria: Tyre
Troia
Troia: Troy
“Troy” [Tyrrhenian coast?]
also
et: and, also
et
et: and, also
also
here
hic / huic: here
huic
hic / huic: here
here
[of this] place
locus: place, spot
loco
locus: place, spot
[of this] place
the name
nomen: name
nomen
nomen: name
the name
is.
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
is.
There
ibi: there
ibi
ibi: there
There
surpassed [all others]
egredior / egressi: surpass, exceed
egressi
egredior / egressi: go out, come forth
came out [of the sea]
the Tyrians,
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre
Troiani
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy
the Trojans,
because
ut: where, that, because
ut
ut: where, that, because
because
they,
qui / quibus: who, which, what
quibus
qui / quibus: who, which, what
they,
from
ab: from, out of
ab
ab: from, out of
from
[their] immense
immensus: immense, vast
inmenso
immensus: immense, vast
[their] immense
property
proprius / proprie: own, proper, property
prope
prope: near, almost
previous
[of] copper & bronze treasures,
aerarium / aerarie: treasury; aerarius: copper, bronze
errore
error / errore: wandering, straying
wanderings,
nothing
nihil: nothing
nihil
nihil: nothing
nothing
against
praeter: beyond, above, against
praeter
praeter: except, besides
except
[their] armies
arma: army, warfare
arma
arma: arms, weaponry
[their] arms
and
et: and, also
et
et: and, also
and
[their] ships
navis: ship
naves
navis: ship
[their] ships
[could] overcome & survive.
supero / superasset: surpass, exceed, survive, overcome
superesset
supersum / superesset: left over, in excess
had left over.
And [so]
cum: with, because
cum
cum: with, because
And [so]
[they] plundered [freely]
praedor: plunder, pillage
praedam
praedor: plunder, pillage
[they] plundered
from
ex: from, out of
ex
ex: from, out of
from
the lands
ager: land, country, territory
agris
ager: land, country, territory
the lands
[they] did.
ago: act, do, make
agerent
ago: act, do, make
[they] did.
Local ruler joins Tyrians as traitor
The native ruler secretly joins the betrayal and lets the foreigners in.
Here the literal text says that king Latinus of the natives, to arcendam vim “prevent the assault”, takes his “forces out of the city”, and concurrunt “fights” in the “land”. Then he is either “conquered in battle” and afterwards makes pacem “peace” with Aeneas, as is tradunt “recounted”. Or just when the “battle lines” are standing, he procedo “advances” towards the foreigners to “summon” them to parlay.
So the local ruler enters into a pact with the invaders, after or even before he fights them. This pretty much also works for the secret story, with the slight variation that “Latinus” puns with “secret”:
It probably says that some native king latens “secretly” even arcendam vim “protects the assault” of the invaders, takes his “forces out of the city”, and concurrunt “concurs” that they enter the “land”. He either does this because he has already been “conquered in battle” and has been pacem “pacified” by the aeneas “bronze” traders, becoming a tradunt “traitor”. Or as above, when the “battle lines” are standing, he goes to procedo “meet” with the foreigners, probably having been “summoned” by them.
There may be more puns in the last paragraph, but I haven’t found any convincing match yet. In any case, the important difference to the literal story is that the pact with the invaders is “secret”.
History of Rome 1.1.h
Encrypted: So secretly the ruler of the natives who then it had possessed this land, and to protect the assault by the foreigners, his armed forces he took out of the city, and into the land he agreed them to go.
Official: So Latinus the king of the native / Aborigines who then it possessed this land, and to repel the assault by the foreigners, armed out of the city and into the land he went to fight.
[So] secretly
latens / latentium: latent, hidden, concealed
Latinus
Latinus / Latinum: Latinus, Latin
[So] Latinus
the ruler
rex: king, ruler
rex
rex: king, ruler
the king
[of] the natives
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin; -que: and
Aboriginesque
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin; -que: and
[of] the native / Aborigines
who
qui: who, which, what
qui
qui: who, which, what
who
then
tum: then
tum
tum: then
then
it
is / ea: he, she, it
ea
is / ea: he, she, it
it
[had] possessed
teneo: hold, keep, possess
tenebant
teneo: hold, keep, possess
possessed
[this] land,
loco: place, put; locus: place, spot
loca
loco: place, put; locus: place, spot
[this] land,
[and] to
ad: to, toward
ad
ad: to, toward
[and] to
protect [??]
arceo: protect, defend
arcendam
arceo: keep off, ward off, prevent, repel
repel
the assault
vis / vim: strength, force, power, violence, assault
vim
vis / vim: strength, force, power, violence, assault
the assault
[by] the foreigners,
advena: stranger, foreigner
advenarum
advena: stranger, foreigner
[by] the foreigners,
[his] armed [forces]
armatus: armed, fortified
armati
armatus: armed, fortified
armed
[he took?] out of
ex: from, out of
ex
ex: from, out of
out of
the city,
urbs: city
urbe
urbs: city
the city
and
atque: and
atque
atque: and
and
[into] the land
ager: land, country, territory
agris
ager: land, country, territory
[into] the land
[he] agreed [them to go?].
concurro: concur, accord, agree with
concurrunt
concurro: assemble, fight, combat
[he went to] fight.
History of Rome 1.1.i
Encrypted: Twofold from there the roumors are: Some say that in the battle he had been subdued, and secretly had been pacified by the bronze traders, and then by union he joined the betrayal.
Official: Twofold from there the roumors are: Some say that in the battle was subdued king Latinus and made peace with Aeneas, and then by marital union he joined their families they recount.
Twofold
duplex: double, twofold
duplex
duplex: double, twofold
Twofold
from there
inde: from there
inde
inde: from there
from there
the roumors
fama: fame, reputation, report, rumour
fama
fama: fame, reputation, report, rumour
the roumors
are:
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
are:
Some [say]
alius: other, another
alii
alius: other, another
Some [say]
[that in] the battle
proelior: join battle, fight
proelio
proelior: join battle, fight
[that in] the battle
[he] had been subdued,
vinco / victum: vanquish, conquer, subdue
victum
vinco / victum: vanquish, conquer, subdue
was subdued
[and] secretly
latens / latentium: latent, hidden, concealed
Latinum
Latinus / Latinum: Latinus, Latin
[king] Latinus
had been pacified
paco / pacem: pacify, subdue
pacem
pax / pacem: peace
[and made] peace
by
cum: by means of
cum
cum: with, because
with
the bronze [traders],
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aenea
Aeneas: Aeneas
Aeneas,
and then
deinde: then, next
deinde
deinde: then, next
and then
[by] union
affinitas: affinity, union, marriage
affinitatem
affinitas: affinity, union, marriage
[by] marital union
[he] joined
iungo: join, unite
iunxisse
iungo: join, unite
[he] joined [their families]
the betrayal.
trado: surrender, betray; traditor: traitor
tradunt
trado: teach, recount, narrate
[they] recount.
History of Rome 1.1.j
Encrypted: Others say that at the arranging of battle lines they were standing, but before the sign to attack was sounded he had appeared secretly among the topmost commanders of the foreigners, being lured into an arrangement.
Official: Others say that at the arranging of battle lines they were standing, but before the sign to attack was sounded already advanced king Latinus among the topmost commanders to the foreigners, to summon them to parlay.
Others [say that]
alius: other, another
alii
alius: other, another
Others [say that]
at
cum: with, at, because
cum
cum: with, at, because
at
the arranging
instruo: instruct, devise, arrange
instructae
instruo: instruct, devise, arrange
the arranging
of battle lines
acies: battle line
acies
acies: battle line
of battle lines
[they] were standing,
consto: stand still
constitissent
consto: stand still
[they] were standing,
[but] before
prior / prius: prior, former
priusquam
prior / prius: prior, former
[but] before
the sign [to attack]
signum: sign, mark
signa
signum: sign, mark
the sign [to attack]
was sounded
cano: make music, sound
canerent
cano: make music, sound
was sounded
[he] had appeared
procedo: show oneself, appear, go to meet
processisse
procedo: proceed, advance
[already] advanced
secretly
latens / latentium: latent, hidden, concealed
Latinum
Latinus / Latinum: Latinus, Latin
[king] Latinus
among
inter: between, among
inter
inter: between, among
among
the topmost
primoris: first
primores
primoris: first
the topmost
commanders
dux / ducem: leader, commander
ducemque
dux / ducem: leader, commander
commanders
[of] the foreigners,
advena: stranger, foreigner
advenarum
advena: stranger, foreigner
[to] the foreigners,
being lured
evoco: lure, entice
evocasse
evoco: evoke, summon
[to] summon [them]
into
ad: to, toward
ad
ad: to, toward
to
an arrangement.
colloco / collocem: arrange, settle
conloquium
colloquium: conversation, parley
parlay.
The local ruler inquires about resources, profits & growth under Tyrian rule.
Here the local ruler “inquires” what mortalis “mortals” the invaders are, and what casu profecti domo “accident to go from their house” had befallen them. He learns that they are Troianos “Trojans”, that their leader is Aeneas son of Anchisae et Veneris “Anchises & Venus”, that their cremata patria domo “home in the fatherland was burned”, and that they were profugus “fugitives”.
In the secret story of Rome, the local ruler “inquires” what raw materialis “materials” the invasion is about, and what casu profecti domo “opportunity for profit in conquest” exists here. He learns that they are Tyrianos “Tyrians”, that their leaders are aeneas “bronze” traders, probably of nancisci et venus “acquiring & selling”, that they bring crementa patra domo “growth in executing rulership”, and that this is very proficuus “profitable”.
(The only word I’m not sure about is the city Laurentum, named after laurel. It may be meant literally, or as “victory”. The only similar word I found is loramentum “thong”, with derived meanings like “leash” & “whip”.)
History of Rome 1.1.k
Encrypted: He inquired then what sought after materials these were, from where or where an opportunity for profit was to be mastered, or what they were seeking when in the land as enslavers they came out.
Official: He inquired then what mortals men they were, from where or where an accident made them go on out from their home, or what they were seeking when in the land of Laurentum they came out.
[He] inquired
percontor: inquire, investigate
percunctatum
percontor: inquire, investigate
[He] inquired
then
deinde: then, next
deinde
deinde: then, next
then
what
qui: who, which, what
qui
qui: who, which, what
what
[sought after] materials
materialis: material
mortales
mortalis: mortal
mortals [men]
[these] were,
sum / essent: be
essent
sum / essent: be
[they] were,
from where
unde: from where
unde
unde: from where
from where
or
aut: or
aut
aut: or
or
where
quo: where
quo
quo: where
where
an opportunity
casus / casu: occasion, opportunity, chance
casu
casu: by accident
an accident
[for] profit
proficio: advance, benefit, profit
profecti
proficio: advance, go on, go forward
[made them] go on [out?]
[was to be] mastered,
domo: conquer, master, subdue
domo
domus / domo: house
[from their] home,
or what
quid: why, what for; -ve: or
quidve
quid: why, what for; -ve: or
or what
[they] were seeking
quaero: query, seek, look for
quaerentes
quaero: query, seek, look for
[they] were seeking
[when] in
in: in, into
in
in: in, into
[when] in
the land
ager: land, country, territory
agrum
ager: land, country, territory
the land
as enslavers [??]
loramentum: strap, thong; lorum / lororum: whip, lash; lorarius: whipper of slaves
Laurentem
Laurentum: Laurentum; laurea / laurearum: laurel, victory
[of] Laurentum
[they] came out.
exeo: exit, depart
exissent
exeo: exit, depart
[they] came out.
History of Rome 1.1.l
Encrypted: After he heard that in great numbers the Tyrians were, and that their leaders were bronze traders, of acquiring and selling, and that there was growth where they accomplished rulership, and that this was profitable & advantageous, and for settling and founding a city such a place they were looking for.
Official: After he heard that these crowds Trojans were, and that their leader was Aenas son of Anchises and Venus, and that had been burned their ancestral home, and that they were fleeing, and for settling down and founding a city such a place they were looking for.
After
postquam: after
postquam
postquam: after
After
[he] heard
audio: hear
audierit
audio: hear
[he] heard
[that in] great numbers
multitudo: great number
multitudinem
multitudo: multitude, crowd
[that these] crowds
the Tyrians
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre
Troianos
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy
Trojans
were,
sum / esse: be
esse
sum / esse: be
were,
[and that their] leaders [were]
dux / ducem: leader, commander
ducem
dux / ducem: leader, commander
[and that their] leader [was]
bronze [traders],
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneam
Aeneas: Aeneas
Aenas
[of]
filius / filium: son
filium
filius / filium: son
son [of]
acquiring [?]
nanciscor / nancisci: acquire, get, obtain
Anchisae
Anchises / Anchisae: Anchises
Anchises
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
selling,
venus / venum: sale; veneo / venis: venal gain, sale, sold
Veneris
Venus / Veneris: Venus
Venus,
[and that there] was growth
crementum / cremento: increase, growth
cremata
cremo / cremato: cremate, burn
[and that] had been burned
[where they] accomplished
patro / patra: execute, accomplish
patria
patria: fatherland
[their] ancestral
rulership,
domino: dominate, rule
domo
domus / domo: house, home
home,
[and that this] was profitable & advantageous,
proficuus: profitable, advantageous, beneficial
profugos
profugus: fugitive, fled, vagabond
[and that they] were fleeing,
[and for] settling
sedes: place, residence, settlement
sedem
sedes: place, residence, settlement
[and for] settling down
[and] founding
condo: found, establish; -que: and
condendaeque
condo: found, establish; -que: and
[and] founding
a city
urbs: city
urbi
urbs: city
a city
[such] a place
locus: place, spot
locum
locus: place, spot
[such] a place
[they] were looking for.
quaero: query, seek, look for
quaerere
quaero: query, seek, look for
[they] were looking for.
The local ruler learns of veiling, and offers his hand for a veiled project.
Here the local ruler learns about the nobilitas “fame” of the invaders, their admiratum “admirable” clans, their viri “hero”, and his mind being for vel bello vel paci “war & peace” equally prepared. He then offers his hand for amicitiae “friendship”. The exercitus “armies” then salutationem “salute”.
In the encrypted story, the local ruler learns about the Tyrian nobilitas “nobles” behind the invasion, those admirabilis “strange” secretive clans of viri “nobles”, their mind being for velo bello velo paci “veild war & veiled peace” equally prepared. He then offers his hand for such a amicite “veiled” project. The exercitus “administration” is then solutum “free” for the Tyrians.
History of Rome 1.1.m
Encrypted: And of their aristocracy, their strange clans of nobles and of their minds being veiled in war and veiled in peace equally / prepared, then his right hand he offered in the belief of a future veiled project to be established.
Official: And of their fame and their admirable clans and their hero and of his soul being both for war and also for peace equally / prepared, then his right hand he offered in the belief of future friendship to be established.
And
et: and
et
et: and
And
[of their] aristocracy,
nobilitas: nobility, nobles, aristocracy
nobilitatem
nobilitas: fame, renown
[of their] fame
[their] strange [?]
admirabilis: astonishing, strange, paradoxical
admiratum
admiror: admire, astonished, respect
[and their] admirable
clans
gens: clan, race, people, nation
gentis
gens: clan, race, people, nation
clans
[of] nobles
vir / viri: person of nobility; -que: and
virique
vir / viri: man, hero, warrior; -que: and
[and their] hero
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
[of their] minds
animus: spirit, soul, mind
animum
animus: spirit, soul, mind
[of his] soul
[being] veiled [?]
velum / velo: covering, curtain, veil
vel
vel: and, or, even
[being] both
[in] war
bellum / bello: war
bello
bellum / bello: war
[for] war
[and] veiled [?]
velum / velo: covering, curtain, veil
vel
vel: and, or, even
and also
[in] peace
pax / paci: peace, agreement
paci
pax / paci: peace, agreement
[for] peace
equally / prepared,
paro / paratum: arrange, equal, prepare
paratum
paro / paratum: arrange, equal, prepare
equally / prepared,
[then his] right [hand]
dexter: right
dextra
dexter: right
[then his] right [hand]
[he] offered
do / data: give, offer, deliver, surrender
data
do / data: give, offer, deliver, surrender
[he] offered
[in] the belief
fides: faith, trust, belief
fidem
fides: faith, trust, belief
[in] the belief
[of] a future
futurus: future
futurae
futurus: future
[of] future
veiled [project]
amicio / amicite: cover, dress, veil
amicitiae
amicitia: friendship
friendship
[to] be established.
sancio: make sacred, decree, establish
sanxisse
sancio: make sacred, decree, establish
[to] be established.
History of Rome 1.1.n
Encrypted: From there a treaty was struck between the leaders, and in mutual administration free they were made.
Official: From there a treaty was struck between the leaders, and between the armies a salutation they made.
From there
inde: from there
inde
inde: from there
From there
a treaty
foedus: contract, treaty
foedus
foedus: contract, treaty
a treaty
was struck
ictus: blow, stroke
ictum
ictus: blow, stroke
was struck
between
inter: between
inter
inter: between
between
the leaders,
dux: leader, guide
duces
dux: leader, guide
the leaders,
[and in] mutual
inter: between, mutual
inter
inter: between, mutual
[and] between
administration
exerceo / exercitus: drive on, oversee, administer
exercitus
exercitus: army
the armies
free
solutus: unbound, released, free
salutationem
salutatio: salutation
a salutation
[they] were made.
facio: make, do
factam
facio: make, do
[they] made.
Tyrians rule Italy in secret
Phoenician traders then rule in secret, and use domestic people for mining.
In the official story, Aeneas is then held in “hospitality”. King Latinus added a domesticus “domestic” treaty to the publico “public” one before his Penates deos “household gods”, and adiunxisse “joins” these foedus “treaties”. He also grant his filia “daughter” to Aeneas, in matrimonium “matrimony”.
In the encrypted story, the aeneas “bronze” traders are then held in “hospitality”. The local ruler latens “secretly” gives the domesticus “domestic” publico “people” to the Phoenices dives “rich Phoenicians”, to be adiunxisse “harnessed” for fodies “mining” the ores. He probably also uses this falli “trick” to grant the aeneas “bronze” traders the general moderemini “management”.
History of Rome 1.1.o
Encrypted: The bronze traders by secrecy were then held in hospitality. There concealed, before the Phoenicians of wealth the domestic people were harnessed for mining, and by deception to the bronze traders in governing were given.
Official: Aeneas among the house of Latinus was then held in hospitality. There Latinus, before of his home the gods, a domestic treaty to the public one joined as a treaty, and his daughter to Aeneas in matrimony he gave.
The bronze [traders]
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneam
Aeneas: Aeneas
Aeneas
by
apud: at, by, among
apud
apud: at, by, among
among
secrecy
latens / latentium: latent, hidden, concealed
Latinum
Latinus / Latinum: Latinus, Latin
[the house of] Latinus
were [then]
sum / fuisse: be
fuisse
sum / fuisse: be
was [then]
[held] in
in: in
in
in: in
[held] in
hospitality.
hospitium: hospitable reception, hospitality
hospitio
hospitium: hospitable reception, hospitality
hospitality.
There
ibi: there, then
ibi
ibi: there, then
There
concealed,
latens / latentium: latent, hidden, concealed
Latinum
Latinus / Latinum: Latinus, Latin
Latinus,
before
apud: at, by, among, before
apud
apud: at, by, among, before
before
the Phoenicians [?]
Phoenices: Phoenicians
penates
Penates: Penates, household deities
[of his] home
of wealth [?]
dives: wealthy, rich, rich man
deos
deus: god
the gods,
[the] domestic
domesticus: of the house
domesticum
domesticus: of the house
a domestic [treaty]
people
publicus / publico: of the people
publico
publico: make public
[to] the public [one]
[were] harnessed
adiungo: yoke, bind, harness
adiunxisse
adiungo: add, join
joined
[for] mining,
fodio / fodies: dig, mine, quarry
foedus
foedus: contract, treaty
[as] a treaty,
[and by] deception
fallo / falli: deceive, trick, cheat
filia
filia: daughter
[and his] daughter
[to] the bronze [traders]
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneae
Aeneas: Aeneas
[to] Aeneas
in
in: in
in
in: in
in
governing
moderor / moderemini: moderate, manage, govern
matrimonium
matrimonium: matrimony, marriage
matrimony
were given.
do / data: give, offer, deliver, surrender
data
do / data: give, offer, deliver, surrender
[he] gave.
The bronze traders found a city, and name their project “cover-up”.
In the literal story, the Troianis “Trojans” now feel that they can finally finio “finish” their erroris “wanderings”, and establish a stable settlement. Aeneas names it after his uxoris “wife”: Lavinium. Shortly after, a new stirpis “stock” is born with their son, whom the parents name Ascanius.
In the literal story, the Tyrianis “Tyrians” now feel that they can finally finio “appoint” for their aerariis “bronze” mining a stable settlement. The aeneas “bronze” traders name it after their exerceris “project”, probably as levi / linam “cover”. Shortly after, a new kind of strophes “hoax” is born out of this, which the inventors probably name scaenis “scene” / “public view”, as opposed to the secret one.
History of Rome 1.1.p
Encrypted: This matter certainly in the Tyrians the hope strengthened that finally a stable and certain settlement they could appoint for their bronze mining. A town they founded. The bronze traders by the name of their operation “cover-up” named it.
Official: This matter certainly in the Trojans the hope strengthened that finally at a stable and certain settlement had ended their wanderings. A town they founded. Aeneas by the name of his wife “Lavinium” named it.
This
is / ea: he, she, it
ea
is / ea: he, she, it
This
matter
res: thing, object, matter
res
res: thing, object, matter
matter
certainly
utique: certainly, in any case
utique
utique: certainly, in any case
certainly
[in] the Tyrians
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre
Troianis
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy
[in] the Trojans
the hope
spes / spem: hope
spem
spes / spem: hope
the hope
strengthened
firmo / adfirmat: make firm, strengthen
adfirmat
firmo / adfirmat: make firm, strengthen
strengthened
[that] finally
tandem: at last, finally
tandem
tandem: at last, finally
[that] finally
a stable
stabilis: stable, firm
stabili
stabilis: stable, firm
[at] a stable
and certain
certus: certain, settled; -que: and
certaque
certus: certain, settled; -que: and
and certain
settlement
sedes: place, residence, settlement
sede
sedes: place, residence, settlement
settlement
[they could] appoint
finio: bound, appoint, assign, define
finiendi
finio: limit, end
had ended
[for their] bronze mining.
aerarius / aerariis: copper, bronze; aeraria: copper mine
erroris
error / erroris: wandering, straying
[their] wanderings.
A town
oppidum: town
oppidum
oppidum: town
A town
[they] founded.
condo: found, establish
condunt
condo: found, establish
[they] founded.
The bronze [traders]
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneas
Aeneas: Aeneas
Aeneas
by
ab: by, from
ab
ab: by, from
by
the name
nomen: name
nomine
nomen: name
the name
[of their] operation
exerceo / exerceris: exercise, work, operate
uxoris
uxor / uxoris: wife, spouse
[of his] wife
“cover-up”
lino / levi / linam / levimus: cover, smear, plaster, daub
Lavinium
Lavinium: Lavinium
“Lavinium”
named [it].
appello: address as, call by name
appellat
appello: address as, call by name
named [it].
History of Rome 1.1.q
Encrypted: Shortly afterwards, a new scam and also a powerful one out of this new “marriage” was there, which “public theater” its inventors called it by name.
Official: Shortly afterwards, a new stock and also a virile one out of this new marriage was there, which “Ascanius” his parents called him by name.
Shortly [afterwards],
brevis: brief, short
brevi
brevis: brief, short
Shortly [afterwards],
[a new] scam
stropha / strophes: deceit, fraud, scam, hoax
stirpis
stirps / stirpis: stock, race, family, lineage
[a new] stock
[and] also
quoque: also, too
quoque
quoque: also, too
[and] also
a powerful [one]
viriliter: powerfully
virilis
virilis: virile, manly
a virile [one]
out of
ex: from, out of
ex
ex: from, out of
out of
[this] new
novus: new
novo
novus: new
[this] new
“marriage”
matrimonium: matrimony, marriage
matrimonio
matrimonium: matrimony, marriage
marriage
was [there],
sum / fuit: be
fuit
sum / fuit: be
was [there],
which
qui / cui: who, which, what
cui
qui / cui: who, which, what
which
“public theater” [?]
scaena / scaenis: scene, theater, public view
Ascanium
Ascanius: Ascanius
“Ascanius”
[its] inventors
parens: founder, inventor
parentes
parens: parent
[his] parents
called [it]
dico: say, speak, tell
dixere
dico: say, speak, tell
called [him]
[by] name.
nomen: name
nomen
nomen: name
[by] name.
Disguises make Tyrians similar to Natives, transport is hidden.
In the literal story, a bello “war” is waged on Natives & Trojans simul “simultaneously”, by Turnus, ruler of the Rutulorum “Rutulians”, who had made a marriage pact before the arrival of Aeneas, and was now aeger patior “suffering hardship”. But no acies “party” comes out of this too laeta “happy”: The Rutuli “Rutulians” are victi “defeated”, but the leader of the Latinum “Latins” is amisere “lost”.
In the secret story, a velo “veil” is used to make Natives & Tyrians similis “similar”. It’s probably because a Tyrianus “Tyrian” ruler who had been rettuleram “officially known” before the arrival of the aeneas “bronze” traders would aegre patior “hardly be suffered”. So no acies “sight” could come out of this as too laeta “prosperous”: Instead, there is a rettuli “withdrawal” of the vecti “transport shipping” of the ores, and only the leaders who are latentium “hidden” are admisere “admitted” aboard.
Note: The exact meaning is unclear, as Turnus puns with Tyrianus “Tyrian” and also with inturnus “domestic”. And rettuli means “announcing” and also “withdrawing”. But the overall meaning should be clear, especially since the literal text says a foreigner is placed before a local: It’s all about concealing the invasion, by disguising the foreign invaders as locals.
History of Rome 1.2.a
Encrypted: A veil then for the natives and the Tyrians to be similar was made. That a Tyrian ruler would be announced whose appointment to elevation before the invasion of the bronze traders had been made, would show & display himself as a foreigner from Tyre, hardly this would be permitted, so at once for the bronze traders who were hidden a veil was introduced.
Official: War then on the native / Aborigines and the Trojans simultaneously was made. Turnus, the king of the Rutulians who a pact for the hand of Lavinia before the arrival of Aeneas had made, and when preferred to himself was a foreigner, sadness he suffered, and simultaneously on Aeneas and Latinus war he brought.
A veil
velum / velo: covering, curtain, veil
bello
bellum / bello: war
War
then
deinde: then, next
deinde
deinde: then, next
then
[for] the natives
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin
Aborigines
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin
[on] the native / Aborigines
and the Tyrians
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre; -que: and
Troianique
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy; -que: and
and the Trojans
[to be] similar
similis: similar, like, resembling
simul
simul: simultaneously
simultaneously
was made.
peto: aim at, make for
petiti
peto: aim at, make for
was made.
[That] a Tyrian [?]
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre
Turnus
Turnus: Turnus
Turnus,
ruler
rex: king, ruler
rex
rex: king, ruler
the king
[would] be announced [?]
refero / rettuli / rettuleram: report, announce, known officially
Rutulorum
Rutuli / Rutulorum: Rutulians
[of] the Rutulians
whose
qui / cui: who, which, what
cui
qui / cui: who, which, what
who
appointment [?]
pactus: agreed upon, appointed
pacta
pactum / pacta: pact, agreement
a pact
to elevation [?]
levo / levant: lift up, raise, elevate
Lavinia
Lavinia: Lavinia
[for the hand of] Lavinia
before
ante: before
ante
ante: before
before
the invasion
adventus: advent, arrival, invasion
adventum
advenio: arrive
the arrival
of the bronze [traders]
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneae
Aeneas: Aeneas
of Aeneas
had been [made],
sum / fuerat: be
fuerat
sum / fuerat: be
had [made],
[would] show & display
praefero: carry in front, present, show, display
praelatum
praefero: prefer, place before
[and when] preferred
himself
sui / sibi: himself
sibi
sui / sibi: himself
[to] himself
[as] a foreigner [from Tyre],
advena: stranger, foreigner
advenam
advena: stranger, foreigner
[was] a foreigner,
hardly
aegre: scarcely, hardly, reluctantly
aegre
aeger: suffering, sad, injured
sadness
[this would] be permitted,
patior: allow, permit
patiens
patior: suffer, endure
[he] suffered,
[so] at once
simul: simultaneously, at once
simul
simul: simultaneously, at once
[and] simultaneously
[for] the bronze [traders]
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneae
Aeneas: Aeneas
[on] Aeneas
[who] were hidden
latens / latentium: latent, hidden, concealed; -que: and
Latinoque
Latinus / Latinum: Latinus, Latin; -que: and
and Latinus
a veil
velum: covering, curtain, veil
bellum
bellum: war
war
was introduced.
infero / intulerat: bring in, carry in, introduce
intulerat
infero / intulerat: bring in, carry in, introduce
[he] brought.
History of Rome 1.2.b
Encrypted: No sight too rich & prosperous out of that in earnesty was allowed to come out: Transport shipping was concealed, only of the transporting natives and Tyrians their leaders who were hidden were admitted.
Official: Neither battle party happy out of that struggle went out: Overcome were the Rutulians, but of the victorious Aborigines and Trojans their leader Latinus lost.
No
neuter: neither
neutra
neuter: neither
Neither
sight
acies: sight, glance
acies
acies: battle line, sharp point
battle party
[too] rich & prosperous
laetus: rich, prosperous, successful
laeta
laetus: happy, pleased
happy
out of
ex: from, out of
ex
ex: from, out of
out of
that
is / eo: he
eo
is / eo: he
that
in earnesty
certus / certam: certain; certatim: earnestly
certamine
certamen: battle, struggle
struggle
[was allowed] to come out:
abeo / abiit: go forth, turn out, changed
abiit
abeo / abiit: go away, depart
went out:
Transport shipping
veho / vectus / vecti: transport by boat, carry, sail; vectorius: transport-ships
victi
vinco / victus / victi: conquer, overcome
Overcome
was concealed,
refero / rettuli: withdraw, remove, concealed
Rutuli
Rutuli: Rutulians
[were] the Rutulians,
[only] of the transporting
vector: carrier, transport
victores
victor: conqueror
[but] of the victorious
natives
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin
Aborigines
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin
Aborigines
and Tyrians
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre; -que: and
Troianique
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy; -que: and
and Trojans
[their] leaders
dux: leader, guide
ducem
dux: leader, guide
[their] leader
[who] were hidden
latens / latentium: latent, hidden, concealed
Latinum
Latinus / Latinum: Latinus, Latin
Latinus
were admitted.
admitto / admisere: admit, grant
amisere
amitto / amisere: lose
lost.
Tyrians hide behind powerful Etruscans, who are willing partners.
In the literal story, Turnus confugio “flees” to the powerful Etruscan ruler Mezentius, who rules in a wealthy town. He has been minime laetus “little pleased” by the start of the new city. So he joins them “not unwilling as a partner in arms”.
In the literal story, the Tyrians confusio “mingle” with powerful Etruscan rulers, probably those who are already mansuetus “tamed”, who then rule with their wealth. Those local rulers have munimus laetus “fortified their wealth” through the start of the new city. So they join them “not unwilling as partners in arms”.
History of Rome 1.2.c
Encrypted: From there, the Tyrians who were known were concealed in this matter, and among prosperous wealthy / powerful Etruscan already tamed rulers with those ones they mingled, who with their expenses and wealth then the towns could rule.
Official: From there, Turnus and the Rutulians despaired of this matter, and to the prosperous wealthy / powerful Etruscan Mezentius named king that one they fled, who in Caere, a wealthy then town, ruled.
From there,
inde: from there
inde
inde: from there
From there,
the Tyrians [?]
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre
Turnus
Turnus: Turnus
Turnus
[who] were known [?]
refero / rettuli: report, announce, known officially; -que: and
Rutulique
Rutuli: Rutulians; -que: and
and the Rutulians
were concealed
defodio: hide, conceal, cover
diffisi
diffido: despair
despaired
[in] this matter,
res: thing, object, matter
rebus
res: thing, object, matter
of this matter,
[and] among
ad: near, by, among
ad
ad: to, toward
[and] to
prosperous
floreo: flower, flourish, prosper
florentes
floreo: flower, flourish, prosper
the prosperous
wealthy / powerful
ops: strength, power, wealth
opes
ops: strength, power, wealth
wealthy / powerful
Etruscan [?]
Etruscus / Etruscorum: Etruscan, of Etruria
Etruscorum
Etruscus / Etruscorum: Etruscan, of Etruria
Etruscan
[already] tamed
mansuetus / mansuetis: tame, mild, gentle; -que: and
Mezentiumque
Mezentius: Mezentius; -que: and
Mezentius [named]
rulers
rex: king, ruler
regem
rex: king, ruler
king
[with] those ones
is / eorum: he who, that
eorum
is / eorum: he who, that
that one
[they] mingled,
confusio: mingling, mixture, union
confugiunt
confugio: flee, take refuge
[they] fled,
who
qui: who, which, what
qui
qui: who, which, what
who
[with their] expenses
care: high price; carus / carae: costly, expensive
Caere
Caere: Caere
[in] Caere,
[and] wealth
opulentus: opulent, wealthy, rich
opulento
opulentus: opulent, wealthy, rich
a wealthy
then
tum: then, next
tum
tum: then, next
then
the towns [?]
ops / opum / opibus: influence, resources, wealth
oppido
oppidum / oppido: town
town,
[could] rule.
imperito: command, govern, rule
imperitans
imperito: command, govern, rule
ruled.
History of Rome 1.2.d
Encrypted: Already from at the beginning they had fortified their prosperity through the new start of the city, and then much more it grew than was enough to see what it was for their neighbors.
Official: Already from at the beginning he had been little pleased of the new start of a city, and then too much more it grew than was satisfactory for the security it was for its neighbors.
Already
iam: now, already
iam
iam: now, already
Already
from
inde: from there
inde
inde: from there
from
at
ab: from, at
ab
ab: from, at
at
the beginning
initio: initiate, begin
initio
initio: initiate, begin
the beginning
[they had] fortified
munimen: fortification; munio / munimus: fortify, strengthen
minime
minime: least of all, very little
[he had been] little
[their] prosperity
laetus: rich, prosperous, willing, foreign bondman
laetus
laetus: happy, pleased
pleased
[through] the new
novus: new
novae
novus: new
[of] the new
start
origo: origin, beginning
origine
origo: origin, beginning
start
[of] the city,
urbs: city
urbis
urbs: city
[of] a city,
and
et: and
et
et: and
and
then
tum: then
tum
tum: then
then
much
nimius: too much
nimio
nimius: too much
too much
more [it grew]
plus: more, further
plus
plus: more, further
more [it grew]
than
quam: what, how, than
quam
quam: what, how, than
than
was enough
satis: satisfactory, adequate, enough
satis
satis: satisfactory, adequate, enough
was satisfactory
to see
tueor / tuitum: look at, watch, see
tutum
tutum: shelter, security
[for] the security
[what it] was
sum / esset: be
esset
sum / esset: be
[it] was
[for their] neighbors.
accola: inhabitant, neighbor
accolis
accola: inhabitant, neighbor
[for its] neighbors.
History of Rome 1.2.e
Encrypted: So for these things of the Tyrians they came to consider to not unwilling as partners in arms in concealment they joined them.
Official: So for these things of the Trojans he came to consider to not unwilling as a partner in arms to the Rutulians he joined them.
[So for these] things
res: thing, object, matter
rem
res: thing, object, matter
[So for these] things
[of] the Tyrians
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre
Troianam
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy
[of] the Trojans
[they] came [to]
cresco: arise, come to be
crescere
cresco: arise, come to be
[he] came [to]
consider [to]
ratus: considered, judged
ratus
ratus: considered, judged
consider [to]
not
haud: not
haud
haud: not
not
unwilling
gravatim: reluctantly, unwillingly
gravatim
gravatim: reluctantly, unwillingly
unwilling
[as] partners
socius: associate, partner
socia
socius: associate, partner
[as] a partner
in arms
arma: arms, weaponry, war
arma
arma: arms, weaponry, war
in arms
[in] concealment
refero / rettuli: withdraw, remove, concealed
Rutulis
Rutuli: Rutulians
[to] the Rutulians
[they] joined [them].
iungo: join, unite
iunxit
iungo: join, unite
[he] joined [them].
To make the people trust their foreign rulers, all are called “Latins”.
Almost no punnery is needed here: The rulers make the people address both locals & foreigners as “Latins”, to strengthen unity and generate trust in the foreign rulers. Generally, that’s not a bad thing, only its very often used to conceal an undercover invasion to loot local resources. It does make a difference where the wealth is going.
History of Rome 1.2.f
Encrypted: The bronze traders to oppose greater forces being fearful, in order to have the spirit of the natives themselves unified, not had them be under the same conspiracy only, but also all were being as “Latins” “hidden” both peoples addressed.
Official: Aeneas to oppose so great a war opponent terrible, in order to have the spirit of the natives themselves unified, not had them be under the same law only, but also all were being as “Latins” both peoples addressed.
The bronze [traders]
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneas
Aeneas: Aeneas
Aeneas
to oppose
adversus: set opposite, set adverse
adversus
adversus: set opposite, set adverse
to oppose
greater
tantus: such, so great
tanti
tantus: such, so great
so great
forces
bellum / bello: war, warfare, military force
belli
bellum / bello: war, warfare, military force
a war [opponent]
[being] fearful,
terror: terror, panic, great fear
terrorem
terror: terror, panic, great fear
terrible,
in order to [have]
ut: to, in order to
ut
ut: to, in order to
in order to [have]
the spirit
animus: spirit, soul
animos
animus: spirit, soul
the spirit
of the natives
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin
Aboriginum
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin
of the natives
themselves
sui / sibi: himself, themselves
sibi
sui / sibi: himself, themselves
themselves
unified,
concilio: reconcile, unite
conciliaret
concilio: reconcile, unite
unified,
not
nec: nor, neither, not
nec
nec: nor, neither, not
not
[had them be] under
sub: under, beneath
sub
sub: under, beneath
[had them be] under
the same
idem / eodem: same
eodem
idem / eodem: same
the same
conspiracy
iuro: swear, conspire
iure
iure: legally; ius / iure: law, authority
law
only,
solus: sole, alone, only
solum
solus: sole, alone, only
only,
but
sed: but also
sed
sed: but also
but
also
etiam: even yet
etiam
etiam: even yet
also
all
nomen: name
nomine
nomen: name
all
were
omnis: all, every
omnes
omnis: all, every
were
being [as]
sum / essent: be
essent
sum / essent: be
being [as]
“Latins” [“hidden”]
latens / latentium: latent, hidden, concealed
Latinos
Latinus / Latinum: Latinus, Latin
“Latins”
both
uter: either, both; -que: and
utramque
uter: either, both; -que: and
both
peoples
gens: clan, race, people, nation
gentem
gens: clan, race, people, nation
peoples
addressed.
appello: appellation, address
appellavit
appello: appellation, address
addressed.
History of Rome 1.2.g
Encrypted: Them not being then the Natives being not as the Tyrians as devoted and as faithful towards the ruling bronze traders this situation ceased.
Official: Them not being then the Natives being not as the Trojans as devoted and as faithful towards king Aeneas this situation ceased.
[Them] not [being]
neque / nec: not, and not
nec
neque / nec: not, and not
[Them] not [being]
then
deinde: then, next
deinde
deinde: then, next
then
the Natives
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin
Aborigines
Aborigines: Aborigines; ab origine: from the origin
the Natives
[being not as] the Tyrians
Tyrianus: Tyrian, of Tyre
Troianis
Troianus: Trojan, of Troy
[being not as] the Trojans
[as] devoted
studium: study, endeavor, devotion
studio
studium: study, endeavor, devotion
[as] devoted
and
atque / ac: and
ac
atque / ac: and
and
[as] faithful
fides: faith, trust, belief
fide
fides: faith, trust, belief
[as] faithful
towards
erga: to, towards
erga
erga: to, towards
towards
the ruling
rex / regem: king, ruler
regem
rex / regem: king, ruler
king
bronze [traders]
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneam
Aeneas: Aeneas
Aeneas
[this situation] ceased.
cesso / cessere: cease, stop
cessere
cesso / cessere: cease, stop
[this situation] ceased.
History of Rome 1.2.h
Encrypted: The trusting one spirit strengthened in each day more, of the two peoples trusting in the bronze traders.
Official: The trusting one spirit strengthened in each day more, of the two peoples trusting in Aeneas.
The trusting
fretus: trusting to, confidence; -que: and
fretusque
fretus: trusting to, confidence; -que: and
The trusting
one
hic / his: this, these
his
hic / his: this, these
one
spirit
animus: spirit, soul
animis
animus: spirit, soul
spirit
strengthened
coalesco: coalesce, become strong
coalescentium
coalesco: coalesce, become strong
strengthened
in
in: in, at
in
in: in, at
in
[each] day
dies: day
dies
dies: day
[each] day
more,
magis: more
magis
magis: more
more,
[of] the two
duo / duorum: two
duorum
duo / duorum: two
[of] the two
peoples
populus / populorum: people
populorum
populus / populorum: people
peoples
[trusting in] the bronze [traders].
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneas
Aeneas: Aeneas
[trusting in] Aeneas.
Still there are rumours about their power in Etruria, so the Tyrians rule in secret.
Almost no punnery is needed here: Rumours about a power in Italy persist everywhere. Only in the secret story, it’s not the native Etruscan king, but the Tyrians.
In the literal story, the last battle is won by Latinus & Aeneas, though it is his ultimum operum “last labor”, and he dies, honored by iuris fasque “human & divine law”.
In the encrypted story, the war is won latens “secretly” by the aeneas “bronze” traders, though it’s an ultimum operum “extreme performance” by irrisus faciesque “mockery & appearances”.
History of Rome 1.2.i
Encrypted: Even though so great their power in Etruria was, that soon not guards alone but also servants, even throughout all of Italy’s length, from workers to supporting servants, the rumours of their name itself filled.
Official: Even though so great the power of Etruria was, that soon not on the land alone but also on the sea, even throughout all of Italy’s length from the Alps to the strait of Sicily, the reputation of its name itself filled.
Even though
quamquam: though, although
quamquam
quamquam: though, although
Even though
so great
tantus: such, so great
tanta
tantus: such, so great
so great
[their] power
ops / opibus: strength, power
opibus
ops / opibus: strength, power
the power
[in] Etruria
Etruria: Etruria
Etruria
Etruria: Etruria
of Etruria
was,
sum / erat: be
erat
sum / erat: be
was,
that
ut: where, that
ut
ut: where, that
that
soon
iam: now, already, soon
iam
iam: now, already, soon
soon
not
non: not
non
non: not
not
guards
tueor / tueris: guard, defend, protect
terras
terra / terras: land, earth
[on] the land
alone
solus: sole, alone, only
solum
solus: sole, alone, only
alone
but also
sed: but also
sed
sed: but also
but also
servants,
mereo: earn, serve
mare
mare: sea
[on] the sea,
even
etiam: even yet
etiam
etiam: even yet
even
throughout
per: through, throughout
per
per: through, throughout
throughout
all
totus: all, entire
totam
totus: all, entire
all
of Italy’s
Italia: Italy
Italiae
Italia: Italy
of Italy’s
length,
longitudo: length
longitudinem
longitudo: length
length
from
ab: from, out of
ab
ab: from, out of
from
workers [?]
labos: labor, work
Alpibus
Alpis: Alps
the Alps
to
ad: to
ad
ad: to
to
supporting
fretus / fretum: supported by, reliance
fretum
fretum: strait, channel
the strait
servants,
assecula / asseculam: follower, attendant, servant
Siculum
Siculus / Siculum: of Sicily
of Sicily,
the rumours
fama: fame, reputation, report, rumour
fama
fama: fame, reputation, report, rumour
the reputation
of [their] name
nomen: name
nominis
nomen: name
of [its] name
itself
sui: himself, themselves
sui
sui: himself, themselves
itself
filled.
pleo / inplesset: fill
inplesset
pleo / inplesset: fill
filled.
History of Rome 1.2.j
Encrypted: But while with city walls the hostiles to repulse they would have been able to, instead in secrecy the multitudes they led.
Official: But while with city walls the enemy to repulse he would have been able to, instead in battle lines his forces he led out.
But [while]
tamen: however, yet, still
tamen
tamen: however, yet, still
But [while]
with
cum: with
cum
cum: with
with
city walls
moenia: bulwarks, city walls
moenibus
moenia: bulwarks, city walls
city walls
the hostiles
bellum: war, hostilities
bellum
bellum: war, hostilities
the enemy
to repulse
propulso: repulse, repel, ward off
propulsare
propulso: repulse, repel, ward off
to repulse
[they] would have been able to,
possum: can, able
posset
possum: can, able
[he] would have been able to,
[instead] in
in: in
in
in: in
[instead] in
secrecy
arceo / arceam: shut up, confine, enclose; arcanus: hidden, secret
aciem
acies / aciem: battle, battle line
battle lines
the multitudes
copia: multitude
copias
copia: troops, forces
[his] forces
[they] led.
educo / eduxit: educate, lead
eduxit
educo / eduxit: educate, lead
[he] led out.
History of Rome 1.2.k
Encrypted: Following from there, the conflict was won secretly by the bronze traders, though an extreme performance in transforming it was. Positioned they were now, to whatever it may be, to govern by the expression and appearance which was upon the hostile subjects, “to please the natives” they called it.
Official: Following from there, the battle was won by the Latins and by Aeneas, even though his final labor as a mortal it was. Laid down he was, whatever of him to say it by human law or divine law he was, above the Numicus river, and Jupiter “like a god” Indiges “in need” they called him.
Following
secundus: second, following, next
secundum
secundus: second, following, next
Following
from there,
inde: from there
inde
inde: from there
from there,
the conflict
proelium: conflict
proelium
proelium: battle, combat
the battle
[was won] secretly
latens / latentium: latent, hidden, concealed
Latinis
Latinus / Latinum: Latinus, Latin
[was won by] the Latins
[by] the bronze [traders],
aeneus / aeneas: copper, bronze
Aeneae
Aeneas: Aeneas
[and by] Aeneas,
though
etiam: even yet
etiam
etiam: even yet
even though
an extreme
ultimum: finally, extremely
ultimum
ultimum: finally, extremely
[his] final
performance
opus / operum: art, skill, performance
operum
opus / operum: work, labor
labor
[in] transforming
muto / mutaris / mutaram: mutate, transform
mortalium
mortalis / mortalium: mortal
[as a] mortal
it was.
sum / fuit: be
fuit
sum / fuit: be
it was.
Positioned
status: state, situation, position
situs
situs: situated, put down, lying
Laid down
they were [now],
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
he was,
to whatever
quicumque: whatever
quemcumque
quicumque: whatever
whatever
it [may be],
is / eum: he, she, it
eum
is / eum: he, she, it
of him
to govern
duco: lead, guide, govern
dici
dico: say, speak, tell
to say [it]
by the expression [?]
os / oris: mouth, face, expression
ius
ius / iuris: justice, right
[by] human law
[and] appearance
facies: shape, look, appearance; -que: and
fasque
fas: divine law; -que: and
[or] divine law
[which] was
sum / est: be
est
sum / est: be
[he] was,
upon
super: above, over, upon
super
super: above, over, upon
above
the hostile
inimicus: inimical, hostile, foe
Numicum
Numicus: Numicus
the Numicus
subjects,
famulus / famuli: servant, slave, subject
flumen
flumen / flumini: flood, stream
river,
“to please
iuvo / iuvem: help, aid, please
Iovem
Iuppiter / Iovem: Jupiter, Jove
[and] Jupiter [“like a god”]
the natives”
indigenus: indigenous, native
indigetem
indigeo / indigens: need, want, desire
Indiges [“in need”]
[they] called [it].
appello: appellation, address
appellant
appello: appellation, address
[they] called [him].