Talmud: Shabbat

Introduction

In Hebrew, šbˁt “seven” puns with šbt “rest”. That’s why God rests from work on the seventh day, named šbt Sabbath for the “rest”, which has been made a custom for everyone. I am personally very grateful for this tradition.

But as usual, the Talmud exaggerates this useful law into the weird & ridiculous. The tractate Shabbat lists countless small household actions which are forbidden as “work”, like heating water or lighting lamps. Plus even more particularizations & exemptions. Like, you cannot light candles on Sabbath with “cedar-bast” or “desert-grass”, but only with the “wings of a dove”. Strangeness abounds.

And as usual, the reason is secret pun-encryption: šbt for “rest” puns with ṣbˀwt for “war”. The Shabbat chapter is really about waging a fake war, and profiteering from it. Seeing how there’s no advice on real external threats, I’d say most wars in history were fakes. The Shabbat chapter explains how the ruling scum can set up such a scam:

• Inside and outside actions must be combined, then rulers can take & impose taxes at whim, while appearing guiltless.
• Wars cannot be kindled with mere words, only with an attack or a convincing hoax thereof.
• Wars are dangerous even for rulers, so they should naver mingle with battle-hardened stirred-up troops, but instead surround themselves with squads of sycophants & gay playmates.
• Killing commoners is deemed okay, and rulers also shouldn’t protects idiots of any kind. If some moronic spookling gets himself killed, then so be it.

This is all encrypted through tedious laws saying what work one mustn’t do on Sabbath, or mustn’t start right before Sabbath. Very frequently, the “kindling” of fires on Sabbath is used to encrypt the “kindling” of a war. Greek loanwords are also used. These are the most important puns:

• The initial law says that “inside & outside” actions must be combined to yṣˀ šbt “bring out things on Sabbath”, between a bˁl byt “house owner” and a ˁny “poor” person.
• The secret law says that “inside & outside” actions must be combined to yṣˀ šbt “bring out a war”, between the bˁl byt “ruler of a land” and a superficially ˁwny “guilty” party. 🡻
• Officially, a ˀdm “man” mustn’t kns “enter” various places on Sabbath. One must “stop” to qry qryˀ šmˁ “recite a Shema verse”, but not for the tplh “Tefillah” prayer.
• Secretly, the dmˀ “disguise” of war mustn’t skn “endanger” aristocrats. But if started, one must only “stop” to qry qryˀ šˁmwm “cover up accidents of idiots”, and doesn’t need to stop for the tplh “fools” themselves. 🡻
• Officially, nšym “women” can die during yldtˀ “childbirth”, when they’re not “cautious” during ndh “menstruation”.
• Secretly, nšˀym “rulers” can die even during ˁldytˀ “hoaxed” wars, when they’re not “cautious” while nwd “wandering about”. 🡻
• Officially, one mustn’t “kindle” a fire on Sabbath with lkš “cedar-bast”, or a ptyl mdbr “thread of desert grass”.
• Secretly, one can’t “kindle” a war just with lksy “words”, or a ptl mdbr “perversion of speech”. 🡻
• Officially, one can “kindle” a fire with the knp ywnh “wings of a dove”, and with the nsr ḥrš “sawdust of a carpenter”.
• Secretly, one can “kindle” a war with the knp ˀwnˀh “cover of a hoax”, and with the nṣr ḥrš “secrecy of secret” agents. 🡻
• Officially, an aristocrat child is not mhl “circumcised” until the šmnh “eighth” day, or until he’s bry “healthy”. But he may not ˀkl “eat” of trwmh “gift-offerings” if he still has his bšr “flesh”, because of the bad rˀy “appearance”.
• Secretly, an aristocrat child is not mˁwly “introduced” to all this fraud until the šmnh “eighth” year, or until he’s of bry “firm” character. One may not glˀ “reveal” all the trmh “deception” to him if he’s too bsry “immature”, because of the bad rˀy “appearance” of it all. 🡻
• Officially, one can only go out on Sabbath with gml “camels” & nˀqh “female camels”, lbdqyn “Lybian donkeys” and sws “horses”, but not with animals with tied rgl “legs”.
• Secretly, a ruler can only go out on a war with gml “kind” & nqh “innocent” soldiers, l-phdyqˀ “pathic” playmates and šwš “flatterers”, but not with rgl “experienced” troops. 🡻
• Officially, a trngl “rooster” may not come out with a ḥwṭ “thread” or rṣwˁh “strap” on his rgl “legs”, and a man not with a ˀḥd “single” sandal.
• Secretly, a trngˀ “gay” ruler may not come out with ḥwṭˀ “flirting” or rṣh “desire” towards his rglˀ “soldiers”, and generally not with his ˀḥwty “brotherly” love. 🡻
• Officially, one mustn’t come out with a trs “shield”, as all ḥrb “swords” will be turned into ˀt “ploughshares” soon, and no gwy “nation” will attack another.
• Secretly, a ruler mustn’t come out trz “squirting” off, as his example could turn all qrb “soldiers” into happy self ˁwt “gratifiers”, and then no gwy “crowd” would attack another! 🡻

That gay rulers prefer to surround themselves with gay soldiers is a pattern that’s still observable today, as proven by Miles: Key roles in manufactured wars are typically played by visibly gay “special” forces, like Mussolini’s shirtless blackshirts or the Enola Gay crew in tight shorts.

How to read this

• In the interlinear word-by-word translation, each word is shown as a little block; each verse is a paragraph of little blocks.
• Use the Pun Config to choose your level: Minimal for secret meaning only, Beginner for secret & official English texts, Intermediate for word-by-word vocabulary, Expert for original text & glyphs.
• Possible pun-encrypted meaning is marked with light red.
• Official meaning is marked with light green.
• Pun vocabulary is in red, whenever the meaning differs. All vocabulary is linked to online dictionaries.
• Please read the introduction, the interchangeability rules, and judge yourself whether I got it right.
• Religious readers should proceed with care.

Profiteering from wars

For a war, one needs deceptions on the inside & outside.

Shabbat 1.1.a

Encrypted: To bring forth a war, one needs deceptions which are combined from the inside, and deceptions which are combined from the outside.

Official: The things that can be brought on Sabbath are two kinds, which are four when being inside, and two kinds which are four when being outside.

To bring forth
יצא yṣˀ: bring forth, appear
יציאות yṣyˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
The [things that can] be brought

a war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath, rest
on Sabbath

[one needs] deceptions
סטיה sṭyh: deviation, deceit; ־ים -ym: (plural)
שתים štym
שתים / שתי štym / šty: two
[are] two [kinds],

which are
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
which are

combined
ערב ˁrb: mix, combine, confuse
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

[from] the inside,
ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
בפנים bpnym
ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
[when being] inside,

and deceptions
סטיה sṭyh: deviation, deceit; ־ים -ym: (plural)
ושתים wštym
שתים / שתי štym / šty: two
and two [kinds]

which are
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
which are

combined
ערב ˁrb: mix, combine, confuse
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

[from] the outside.
ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
בחוץ bḥwṣ
ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
[when being] outside.

Shabbat 1.1.a

If a guilty party seemingly invades, the local ruler appears innocent.

Shabbat 1.1.b

Encrypted: How so? A blameworthy party is set up outside, and the ruler of the affected land is inside. If extends the blameworthy party its hand inside and shows itself in the middle of the possessions of the ruler of the land, or takes something from the inside and carries it out, then the blameworthy party appears responsible, and the ruler of the land appears free from guilt when he wages war.

Official: How so? A poor person stands outside, and the owner of the house inside. If extends the poor person his hand inside and gives something into the middle of the hand of the owner of the house, or takes something from the middle and carries it outside, then the poor person is guilty and the owner of the house is exempt from guilt for working on Sabbath.

How so?
כיצד kyṣd: how
כיצד kyṣd
כיצד kyṣd: how
How so?

A blameworthy [party]
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
A poor [person]

is set up
עמד ˁmd: establish, set up, present
עומד ˁwmd
עמד ˁmd: stand
stands

outside,
ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
בחוץ bḥwṣ
ב־ b-: on; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
outside,

and the ruler
בעל bˁl: lord, master, rule
ובעל wbˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
and the owner

of the [affected] land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house

is inside.
ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
בפנים bpnym
ב־ b-: in; פנים pnym: inside
inside.

[If] extends
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
פשט pšṭ
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
[If] extends

the blameworthy [party]
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
the poor [person]

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

its hand
יד yd: hand, reach
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
his hand

inside
ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
לפנים lpnym
ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
inside

and shows itself
נתן ntn: show, display
ונתן wntn
נתן ntn: give
and gives [something]

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of the possessions
יד yd: power, possession, borders
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
of the hand

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
the owner

of the land,
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house,

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

takes [something]
ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
שנטל šnṭl
ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
takes [something]

from the inside
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
מתוכה mtwkh
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
from the middle

and carries [it] out,
יצא yṣˀ: carry out
והוציא whwṣyˀ
יצא yṣˀ: carry out
and carries [it] outside,

[then] the blameworthy [party]
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
[then] the poor [person]

[appears] responsible,
חוב ḥwb: guilty, responsible
חיב ḥyb
חוב ḥwb: guilty, responsible
is guilty

and the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
ובעל wbˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
and the owner

of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house

[appears] free [from guilt when he wages war].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
is exempt [from guilt for working on Sabbath].

Shabbat 1.1.b

Shabbat 1.1.c

Encrypted: But if would extend the ruler of the land his power outside and show himself in the middle of the possessions of the other power, or take something from the middle by initiative, then the ruler of the land would appear responsible, and the other power would appear free from guilt.

Official: If extends the owner of the house his hand outside and gives something into the middle of the hand of the poor person, or takes something from the middle carrying it in, then the owner of the house is guilty and the poor person is exempt from guilt.

[But if would] extend
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
פשט pšṭ
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
[If] extends

the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
the owner

of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

his power
יד yd: power, possession, borders
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
his hand

outside
ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
לחוץ lḥwṣ
ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
outside

and show himself
נתן ntn: show, display
ונתן wntn
נתן ntn: give
and gives [something]

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of the possessions
יד yd: power, possession, borders
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
of the hand

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the [other] power,
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
עני ˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
the poor [person],

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

take [something]
ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
שנטל šnṭl
ש־ š-: which; נטל nṭl: receive, take
takes [something]

from the middle
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
מתוכה mtwkh
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
from the middle

by initiative,
כנס kns: enter, gather, initiate
והכניס whknys
כנס kns: bring home, bring in
carrying [it] in,

[then] the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
[then] the owner

of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house

[would appear] responsible,
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
is guilty

and the [other] power
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
והעני whˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
and the poor [person]

[would appear] free [from guilt].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
is exempt [from guilt].

Shabbat 1.1.c

With a war, the ruler appears innocent with new burdens & taxes.

Shabbat 1.1.d

Encrypted: And if extends the blameworthy party his power inside, and if then imposes burdens the owner of the land from the oppressed, or imposes paying of new taxes onto the oppressed for alleged costs, then both these actions appear free from guilt.

Official: And if extends the poor person his hand inside, and if then takes the owner of the house from the middle, or gives something into the middle and the poor person carries it out, then both of them are exempt from guilt.

[And if] extends
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
פשט pšṭ
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
[And if] extends

the blameworthy [party]
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
the poor [person]

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

his power
יד yd: power, possession, borders
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
his hand

inside,
ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
לפנים lpnym
ל־ l-: to; פנים pnym: inside
inside,

and [if then] imposes burdens
נטל nṭl: lift, impose, burden
ונטל wnṭl
נטל nṭl: receive, take
and [if then] takes

the owner
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
the owner

of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house

from the oppressed,
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
מתוכה mtwkh
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
from the middle,

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

imposes paying [of new taxes]
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: pay, impose
שנתן šntn
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give
gives [something]

onto the oppressed
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכה ltwkh
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

[for alleged] costs,
הוצאה hwṣˀh: expenditure, cost, transfer
והוציא whwṣyˀ
הוצאה hwṣˀh: carrying out
and [the poor person?] carries [it] out,

[then] both [these actions]
שני šny: both; הם hm: them
שניהם šnyhm
שני šny: both; הם hm: them
[then] both [of them]

[appear] free [from guilt].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטורין pṭwryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
are exempt [from guilt].

Shabbat 1.1.d

Shabbat 1.1.e

Encrypted: Likewise, if extends the ruler of the land his power outside, and imposes new burdens the other power from its own oppressed, or imposes paying of new taxes onto the oppressed for revenue, then both these actions appear free from guilt.

Official: Likewise, if extends the owner of the house his hand outside, and takes the poor person from the middle, or gives something into the middle carrying it in, then both of them are exempt from guilt.

[Likewise, if] extends
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
פשט pšṭ
פשט pšṭ: stretch, extend
[Likewise, if] extends

the ruler
בעל bˁl: owner
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: owner
the owner

of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of the house

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

his power
יד yd: power, possession, borders
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand, reach
his hand

outside,
ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
לחוץ lḥwṣ
ל־ l-: to; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
outside,

and imposes [new] burdens
נטל nṭl: lift, impose, burden
ונטל wnṭl
נטל nṭl: receive, take
and takes

the [other] power
אנה ˀnh: cause, pretext; עון ˁwn: guilty, blame; און ˀwn: power
העני hˁny
עני ˁny: poor; ענה ˁnh: become poor; עוני ˁwny: poverty
the poor [person]

from [its own] oppressed,
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
מתוכה mtwkh
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle
from the middle,

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

imposes paying [of new taxes]
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: pay, impose
שנתן šntn
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give
gives [something]

onto the oppressed
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכה ltwkh
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

[for] revenue,
הכנסה hknsh: income, revenue
והכניס whknys
הכנסה hknsh: carrying in, putting in
carrying [it] in,

[then] both [these actions]
שני šny: both; הם hm: them
שניהם šnyhm
שני šny: both; הם hm: them
[then] both of them

[appear] free [from guilt].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטורין pṭwryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
are exempt [from guilt].

Shabbat 1.1.e

Considering safety for the nobles

One mustn’t stage this too close to abodes of noble families.

Shabbat 1.2.a

Encrypted: However, one must not put into place this disguised party turning toward the border too close to the dwelling places for the noble families.

Official: There must not sit a man before a barber from close to the Minhah prayer until the Tefillah prayer.

[However, one must] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There must] not

put into place
ישב yšb: put in place
ישב yšb
ישב yšb: sit, place
sit

this disguised [party]
דמא dmˀ: resemble, appear in disguise
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man

turning toward [??]
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: face, front, appearance, turn toward
לפני lpny
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: face, front
before

the border [??]
ספר spr: border, border region, boundary, frontier
הספר hspr
ספר spr: barber
a barber

[too] close
סמך smk: close, adjoining
סמוך smwk
סמך smk: close, adjoining
[from?] close

to the dwelling places
ל־ l-: to; מנחה mnḥh: resting place, dwelling place
למנחה lmnḥh
ל־ l-: to; מנחה mnḥh: Minhah; מ־ m-: of; נחה nḥh: rest, relief
to the Minhah prayer

for
עד ˁd: to, in behalf of, for
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: until, while
until

the [noble] families.
ש־ š-: which; טפלא ṭplˀ: children, family, household
שיתפלל šytpll
ש־ š-: which; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
the Tefillah prayer.

Shabbat 1.2.a

One mustn’t endanger peers, but if idiots still get hurt, cover it up and proceed.

Shabbat 1.2.b

Encrypted: There must generally not endanger this disguise any entrusted man, and not any comrade and not any spouse, and not any lord. But if one has already started, one does not need to stop just for safety. One must stop to cover up the accidents of idiots, but does not stop for the fools themselves.

Official: There must also not enter a man a bathhouse, and not a tannery, and not start eating, and not sit down for judgement. But if one has already started, one does not need to stop. One must stop to recite the verse of the Shema prayer, but does not have to stop for the Tefillah prayer.

[There must generally] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There must also] not

endanger
סכן skn: danger, endanger
יכנס ykns
כנס kns: go in, enter
enter

this disguise
דמא dmˀ: resemble, appear in disguise
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man

[any] entrusted [man],
ל־ l-: to; מרחץ mrḥṣ: allow, permit; מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: trust, rely, safe
למרחץ lmrḥṣ
ל־ l-: to; מרחץ mrḥṣ: bath
a bathhouse,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[any] comrade
ל־ l-: to; בר זוג br zwg: comrade, colleague, mate, spouse
לברסקי lbrsqy
ל־ l-: to; ברסקי brsqy: byrsikos, tannery
a tannery [???],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[any] spouse,
ל־ l-: to; כלה klh: bride, daughter-in-law
לאכל lˀkl
ל־ l-: to; אכל ˀkl: eat
[start?] eating [??],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[any] lord.
ל־ l-: to; אדון ˀdwn: master, lord, possessor, guardian
לדין ldyn
ל־ l-: to; דין dyn: judgement
[sit down for] judgement.

But if [one]
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if [one]

has [already] started,
תחלה tḥlh: start
התחילו htḥylw
תחלה tḥlh: start
has [already] started,

[one does] not [need to]
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one does] not [need to]

stop [just for safety].
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
מפסיקין mpsyqyn
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
stop.

[One must] stop
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
מפסיקים mpsyqym
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
[One must] stop

to cover up
ל־ l-: to; קרי qry: cover
לקרות lqrwt
ל־ l-: to; קרי qry: call, recite
to recite

the accidents
קריא qryˀ: accident, incident, misfortune, mishap
קריאת qryˀt
קריא qryˀ: verse
the verse

of idiots,
שעמום šˁmwm: idiocy, idiot
שמע šmˁ
שמע šmˁ: Shema
of the Shema prayer,

but does not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
but does not [have to]

stop
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
מפסיקים mpsyqym
מ־ m-: of; פסק psq: stop
stop

for the fools [themselves].
ל־ l-: for; תפלה tplh: folly; תפל tpl: foolish
לתפלה ltplh
ל־ l-: for; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
for the Tefillah prayer.

Shabbat 1.2.b

Preparing false flag hoaxes

Don’t let outsiders see the dress-up or the costumes.

Shabbat 1.3.a

Encrypted: There must also not come out the guilty party with their strike too close to the poor subjects, as perhaps someone would see them coming out from a domestic base. Also should not see any outsider the cloaking process. Also one may not allow anyone to scrutinize the dress-up.

Official: There must also not come out a tailor with his needle too close to falling darkness to the eve before Sabbath, as perhaps he may forget he brought it out and’d still have it on Sabbath. Also not a scribe with his writing pen. Also one may not delouse one’s garments.

[There must also] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There must also] not

come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
come out

the guilty [party]
חטי ḥṭy: guilty; חטא ḥṭˀ: guilt
החיט hḥyṭ
חיט ḥyṭ: tailor
a tailor

with their strike
ב־ b-: with; מחתא mḥtˀ: stroke, blow
במחטו bmḥṭw
ב־ b-: with; מחט mḥṭ: needle
with his needle

[too] close
סמך smk: close, adjoining
סמוך smwk
סמך smk: close, adjoining
[too] close

to the poor [subjects?],
ל־ l-: to; חשוך ḥšwk: dark, reduced, poor
לחשכה lḥškh
ל־ l-: to; חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
to falling darkness [to the eve before Sabbath],

as perhaps
שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
שמא šmˀ
שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
as perhaps

[someone would] see
סכה skh: look, see
ישכח yškḥ
שכח škḥ: forget
he [may] forget

them coming out [from a domestic base].
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
ויצא wyṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
he brought [it] out [and’d still have it on Sabbath].

[Also should] not [see]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
[Also] not

any outsider
ל־ l-: to; לבר lbr: outside, secular world
הלבלר hlblr
לבלר lblr: scribe, clerk
a scribe

the cloaking [process?].
ב־ b-: with; כלמוס klmws: chlamys, officer’s cloak; קלמסמס qlmsms: kalamis, hair decorations
בקלמוסו bqlmwsw
ב־ b-: with; קולמוס qwlmws: kalamos, scribal pen, writing pen
with his writing pen.

Also [one may] not [allow anyone]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
Also [one may] not

to scrutinize
פלי ply: question, scrutinize
יפלה yplh
פלי ply: search, cleanse of lice
delouse

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the dress-up.
כלי kly: dress, garment
כליו klyw
כלי kly: dress, garment
[one’s] garments.

Shabbat 1.3.a

A ruler may watch the show, but not join himself.

Shabbat 1.3.b

Encrypted: Also a ruler may not join the fake attack visibly. In truth they say: A high-level officer may see where the special dressings & arrangements are happening, but he himself may not join as he could be recognized.

Official: Also one may not read by the light of a candle. In truth they say: The supervisor may see where in the textbook the children are reading, but he himself may not read on Sabbath.

Also [a ruler may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
Also [one may] not

join
קרי qry: join, meet
יקרא yqrˀ
קרי qry: call, read
read

the [fake] attack
ל־ l-: to; אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
לאור lˀwr
ל־ l-: to; אור ˀwr: light
by the light

visibly.
נראה nrˀh: visible; נ־ n-: make; ראה rˀh: see
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
of a candle.

In truth
ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
באמת bˀmt
ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
In truth

[they] say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אמרו ˀmrw
אמר ˀmr: say
[they] say:

A [high-level] officer
חזן ḥzn: officer, superintendent
החזן hḥzn
חזן ḥzn: cantor, school governor
The supervisor

[may] see
ראה rˀh: see
רואה rwˀh
ראה rˀh: see
[may] see

where
היכן hykn: where
היכן hykn
היכן hykn: where
where [in the textbook]

the special dressings & arrangements
תקון tqwn: dress, fancy garb; תקן tqn: prepared, arranged, special dress
תינוקות tynwqwt
תנוק tnwq: boy, child
the children

are happening,
קרי qry: meet, happen
קוראים qwrˀym
קרי qry: call, read
are reading,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

he himself
הוא hwˀ: he
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he
he himself

[may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[may] not

join [as he could be recognized].
קרי qry: join, meet
יקרא yqrˀ
קרי qry: call, read
read [on Sabbath].

Shabbat 1.3.b

Shabbat 1.3.c

Encrypted: As was brought out to it this law: There may not be revealed the truth with a war, because would become familiar with it the outsiders.

Official: As was brought out to it this law: There may not eat one afflicted with gonorrhea together with his woman afflicted with gonorrhea, because they would become used to the transgression.

As was brought out
כ־ k-: as, like; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
כיוצא kywṣˀ
כ־ k-: as, like; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
As was brought out

to it [this law]:
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
to it [this law]:

[There may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There may] not

be revealed
גלא glˀ: reveal
יאכל yˀkl
אכל ˀkl: eat
eat

the truth
יצבה yṣbh: truth
הזב hzb
זב zb: flux, gonorrhea
[one afflicted with] gonorrhea

with
עם ˁm: with, near
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, near
[together] with

a war,
צבא ṣbˀ: army, war, warfare
הזבה hzbh
זב zb: flux, gonorrhea
[his woman afflicted with] gonorrhea,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

[would become] familiar with [it]
רגל rgl: accustomed to, used to, make familiar
הרגל hrgl
רגל rgl: accustomed to, used to, make familiar
[they would become] used to

the outsiders.
ברא brˀ: outside; בריה bryh: man, people
עברה ˁbrh
עברה ˁbrh: transgression, sin
the transgression.

Shabbat 1.3.c

Do not let commoners see the fraud, all must be finished in one day.

Shabbat 1.4.a

Encrypted: And these were among the laws which were declared in the upper chambers of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon when other lords went up to visit him.

Official: And these were among the laws which were declared in the upper chamber of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon when other sages went up to visit him.

And these [were]
אלו ˀlw: these
ואלו wˀlw
אלו ˀlw: these
And these [were]

among
מן mn: from, among
מן mn
מן mn: from, among
among

the laws
הלכה hlkh: law, rule
ההלכות hhlkwt
הלכה hlkh: law, rule
the laws

which were declared
ש־ š-: which; אמר ˀmr: speak, say
שאמרו šˀmrw
ש־ š-: which; אמר ˀmr: speak, say
which were declared

in the upper chambers
ב־ b-: in; עליתא ˁlytˀ: upper chamber, upper story, loft
בעלית bˁlyt
ב־ b-: in; עליתא ˁlytˀ: upper chamber, upper story, loft
in the upper chamber

of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
חנניה בן חזקיה בן גריון ḥnnyh bn ḥzqyh bn grywn: Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
חנניה בן חזקיה בן גריון ḥnnyh bn ḥzqyh bn grywn
חנניה בן חזקיה בן גריון ḥnnyh bn ḥzqyh bn grywn: Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
of Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon

when [other lords] went up
כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: go up
כשעלו kšˁlw
כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: go up
when [other sages] went up

to visit [him].
ל־ l-: to; בקר bqr: attend, visit
לבקרו lbqrw
ל־ l-: to; בקר bqr: attend, visit
to visit [him].

Shabbat 1.4.a

Shabbat 1.4.b

Encrypted: There numbered more the school of Shammai than the school of Hillel, and in a meeting of rulers those things they decreed there on that day.

Official: There numbered more the school of Shammai than the school of Hillel, and eight and ten things they decreed there on that day.

[There] numbered
נ־ n-: make; מנה mnh: count, number
נמנו nmnw
נ־ n-: make; מנה mnh: count, number
[There] numbered

more
רב rb: much, many
ורבו wrbw
רב rb: much, many
more

the school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
the school

of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai

than
על ˁl: to, than
על ˁl
על ˁl: to, than
than

the school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
the school

of Hillel,
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel,

and [in] a meeting [?]
זמן zmn: assemble, meet, plot together
ושמנה wšmnh
שמנה šmnh: eight
and eight

of rulers [?]
עצר ˁṣr: rule; עוצר ˁwṣr: ruler, sovereign
עשר ˁšr
עשר ˁšr: ten
and ten

[those] things
דבר dbr: speech, matter, thing
דברים dbrym
דבר dbr: speech, matter, thing
things

they decreed
גזר gzr: determine, decree
גזרו gzrw
גזר gzr: determine, decree
they decreed

there
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
there

on that day.
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
on that day.

Shabbat 1.4.b

Shabbat 1.5.a

Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: One may not let loose too much misery and horror and destruction, except when it can all be put on while on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

Official: The school of Shammai say: One may not soak ink powder and dye powder and vetches on the eve to Sabbat, except when it still gets soaked right while on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

The school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The school

of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

let loose [too much]
שרה šrh: release, let loose
שורין šwryn
שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
soak

misery
דוי dwy: grief, affliction, weaken, miserable
דיו dyw
דיו dyw: fluid, writing ink
ink [powder?]

and horror
שממון šmmwn: appalment, horror; שמם šmm: destroy, ruin
וסממנים wsmmnym
סממן smmn: paint, dye, colors
and dye [powder?]

and destruction,
קורצין qwrṣyn: destruction
וכרשינים wkršynym
כרשינה kršynh: vetch, horse-bean
and vetches [on the eve to Sabbat],

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it can all] be put on
ש־ š-: make; יסר ysr: tie, put on
שישורו šyšwrw
ש־ š-: make; ישר yšr: smooth, straight, right
[it still gets soaked] right

while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while

on the [same] day.
יום ywm: time
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.

But the school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
But the school

of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel

permit [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it].

Shabbat 1.5.a

Shabbat 1.6.a

Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: One may not show the fraud to one of the ordinary oppressed folk of servitude, except when they can be confused about it while on the same day.

Official: The house of Shammai say: One may not give wet bundles of flax into the middle of the oven, except when they can be steamed out while on the same day.

The house
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The house

of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

show
נתן ntn: show, present
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give, take
give

the fraud
אונאה ˀwnˀh: wrong, fraudulent representation
אונין ˀwnyn
אונין ˀwnyn: bundles of wet flax
wet bundles

[to one] of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the ordinary
פשוט pšwṭ: simple, ordinary, usual
פשתן pštn
פשתה pšth: flax, linen
flax

oppressed [folk]
ל־ l-: belonging to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of servitude,
ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
התנור htnwr
תנור tnwr: stove, oven
of the oven,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

they [can] be confused [about it]
ש־ š-: make; בלל bll: confuse, confound
שיהבילו šyhbylw
ש־ š-: which; הביל hbyl: steamy, humid
they [can] be steamed out [?]

while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while

on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.

Shabbat 1.6.a

Shabbat 1.6.b

Encrypted: And one may also not show it like this to guards of the city, except when they really absorb the deception. But the school of Hillel permit it.

Official: And one may also not give like this wool into the kettle, except when it can absorb the colored look on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

And [one may also] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And [one may also] not

[show it like this]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[give like this]

[to] guards
שמר šmr: watch, guard; שומר šwmr: watchman
הצמר hṣmr
צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
wool

of the city,
ל־ l-: belonging to; עיר ˁyr: town, city
ליורה lywrh
ל־ l-: to; יורה ywrh: boiler, kettle
into the kettle,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[they really] absorb
ש־ š-: make; קלט qlṭ: absorb
שיקלט šyqlṭ
ש־ š-: make; קלט qlṭ: absorb
[it can] absorb

the deception.
אונאה ˀwnˀh: deception, deceit, fraud
העין hˁyn
עין ˁyn: eye, appearance, color
the colored look [on the same day].

But the school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
But the school

of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel

permit [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it].

Shabbat 1.6.b

For the actors, use camps that can be quickly taken down.

Shabbat 1.6.c

Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: One may not spread out camps for the show people and the veiled people and secret watchmen, except when they can still be emptied while on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

Official: The house of Shammai say: One may not spread out nets & traps for beasts and birds and fish, except when they can still be caught while on the same day. But the school of Hillel permit it.

The house
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The house

of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

spread out
פרש prš: spread out
פורשין pwršyn
פרש prš: spread out
spread out

camps
מצודה mṣwdh: fort, fortress, stronghold
מצודות mṣwdwt
מצודה mṣwdh: net, trap
nets & traps

[for] the show [people]
חוה ḥwh: show
חיה ḥyh
חיה ḥyh: beast
[for] beasts

and the veiled [people]
עפף ˁpp: double, wrapping; עיפא ˁypˀ: cover, veil
ועופות wˁwpwt
עוף ˁwp: bird
and birds

and [secret] watchmen,
דק dq: thin curtain; דיק dyq: watchman
ודגים wdgym
דג dg: fish
and fish,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[they can still] be emptied
ש־ š-: make; צדי ṣdy: deserted, destroyed, empty
שיצודו šyṣwdw
ש־ š-: make; צוד ṣwd: hunt, catch
[they can still] be caught

while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while

on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.

But the school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
But the school

of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel

permit [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it].

Shabbat 1.6.c

Strangers may not know about the fake, except if they’re rulers.

Shabbat 1.7.a

Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: One may not make all this known to an outsider, and may not tell anything to him, and may not choose a role in the fake on him, except when he is raised to be ruler of the place of the war. But the school of Hillel permit it.

Official: The house of Shammai say: One may not sell something to a non-Jewish stranger, and may not make him carry something with him, and may not lift something on him, except when the toil of carrying is to a place nearby. But the school of Hillel permit it.

The house
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The house

of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

[make all this] known
מכר mkr: known, recognized, acquainted
מוכרין mwkryn
מכר mkr: sell, sold
sell [something]

to an outsider,
ל־ l-: to; נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
לנכרי lnkry
ל־ l-: to; נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
to a [non-Jewish?] stranger,

and [may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [may] not

tell [anything]
תנא tnˀ: tell, relate, teach
טוענין ṭwˁnyn
טען ṭˁn: carry, burden, load
make him carry [something]

to him,
עם ˁm: with
עמו ˁmw
עם ˁm: with
with him,

and [may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [may] not

choose [a role in the fake?]
מ־ m-: of; גבי gby: choose, select
מגביהין mgbyhyn
מ־ m-: of; גבה gbh: raise, high, lift
lift [something]

on him,
על ˁl: on, upon
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, upon
on him,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[he is] raised to be ruler
ש־ š-: make; גאי gˀy: rise, exalted, lord it; גאה gˀh: ruler
שיגיע šygyˁ
ש־ š-: make; יגע ygˁ: toil, weary
the toil [of carrying]

of the place
ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
למקום lmqwm
ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
[is] to a place

of the war.
קרב qrb: war, battle, soldier
קרוב qrwb
קרוב qrwb: near, close
nearby.

But the school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
But the school

of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel

permit [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it].

Shabbat 1.7.a

Do not show the dress-up costumes to servants, except your own.

Shabbat 1.8.a

Encrypted: The house of Shammai say: One may not show the dress-up skins to a worker, and not the fake dresses to an oppressed who is an outsider, except when any suspicion can still be smoothened out while on the same day. But in all these, the school of Hillel permit it with one’s own servants.

Official: The house of Shammai say: One may not give animal skins to a non-Jewish worker, and not dresses to a laundryman who is a non-Jewish stranger, except when they can still be smoothened out while on the same day. But in all these, the school of Hillel permit it with the sun still being up.

The house
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The house

of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

show
נתן ntn: show, present
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give
give

the [dress-up] skins
עור ˁwr: skin, hide
עורות ˁwrwt
עור ˁwr: skin, hide
[animal] skins

to a worker,
ל־ l-: to; עבד ˁbd: work, labor, servant
לעבדן lˁbdn
ל־ l-: to; עבד ˁbd: work, labor, servant
to a [non-Jewish?] worker,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

the [fake] dresses
כלי kly: dress, garment
כלים klym
כלי kly: dress, garment
dresses

to an oppressed
ל־ l-: to; חבץ ḥbṣ: press, oppressed, crowd
לכובס lkwbs
ל־ l-: to; כובס kwbs: laundryman
to a laundryman

who is an outsider,
נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
נכרי nkry
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
who is a [non-Jewish?] stranger,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[any suspicion can still] be smoothened out
שעשע šˁšˁ: smooth
שיעשו šyˁšw
שעשע šˁšˁ: smooth
[they can still] be smoothened out

while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while

on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.

But in all [these],
ב־ b-: in; כלן kln: all
ובכלן wbkln
ב־ b-: in; כלן kln: all
But in all [these],

the school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
the school

of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel

permit [it]
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it]

with
עם ˁm: with, near
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, near
with

[one’s own] servants.
שמש šmš: serve, servant
השמש hšmš
שמש šmš: sun
the sun [still being up?].

Shabbat 1.8.a

Shabbat 1.9.a

Encrypted: Says lord Simeon ben Gamliel: This custom existed in the family of my father, which was that they would present their dresses for the mockery to the oppressed outsiders of their own bound people before the war.

Official: Says rabban Simeon ben Gamliel: This custom existed in the family of my father, which was that they would give their dresses which were white to a laundryman who was a non-Jewish stranger at least three days before Sabbath.

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

lord
רבן rbn: lord
רבן rbn
רבן rbn: rabban
rabban

Simeon ben Gamliel:
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
Simeon ben Gamliel:

[This] custom
נוהג nwhg: custom
נוהגין nwhgyn
נוהג nwhg: custom
[This] custom

existed
היה hyh: be, exist
היו hyw
היה hyh: be, exist
existed

in the family
בית byt: house, family
בית byt
בית byt: house, family
in the family

of my father,
אבא ˀbˀ: my father
אבא ˀbˀ
אבא ˀbˀ: my father
of my father,

which was that
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
שהיו šhyw
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
which was that

[they would] present
נתן ntn: show, present
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give
[they would] give

their dresses
כלי kly: dress, garment
כלי kly
כלי kly: dress, garment
their dresses

[for] the mockery
לעב lˁb: mock, mockery; ־ן -n: (suffix)
לבן lbn
לבן lbn: white
which were white

to the oppressed
ל־ l-: to; חבץ ḥbṣ: press, oppressed, crowd
לכובס lkwbs
ל־ l-: to; כובס kwbs: laundryman
to a laundryman

outsiders
נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
נכרי nkry
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
who was a [non-Jewish] stranger

[of their own?] bound [??]
שלשל šlšl: chained; שלול šlwl: chained, fettered, manacled
שלשה šlšh
שלש šlš: three
[at least?] three

people [??]
עמים ˁmym: people
ימים ymym
ימים ymym: days
days

before
קדם qdm: before
קדם qdm
קדם qdm: before
before

the war.
ל־ l-: to; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
לשבת lšbt
ל־ l-: to; שבת šbt: Sabbath
Sabbath.

Shabbat 1.9.a

There’s always occasional leaks, so they mustn’t be neglected.

Shabbat 1.9.b

Encrypted: And equally voted these of Shammai and those of Hillel here: One can always have be pierced one’s meetings when being among disturbers, and they can be revealed to troops by accident.

Official: And equally voted these of Shammai and those of Hillel here: One may always put down the beam of the structure to press olives, and the press of the wine vat so they press down on Sabbath.

And equally [voted]
שוי šwy: equal, alike
ושוין wšwyn
שוי šwy: equal, alike
And equally [voted]

these [of Shammai]
אלו ˀlw: these
אלו ˀlw
אלו ˀlw: these
these [of Shammai]

and those [of Hillel] [here]:
אלו ˀlw: these
ואלו wˀlw
אלו ˀlw: these
and those [of Hillel] [here]:

[One can always] have be pierced
ש־ š-: make; טען ṭˁn: pierce
שטוענין šṭwˁnyn
ש־ š-: make; טען ṭˁn: put a burden on, load
[One may always] put down

[one’s] meetings
קרי qry: join, meet, happen
קורות qwrwt
קורה qwrh: beam
the beam

[when being] among [??]
בית byt: between, among
בית byt
בית byt: house, structure
of the structure

disturbers [??],
בדד bdd: disturb; בדוד bdwd: disturber
הבד hbd
בדוד bdwd: olive press
to press olives,

and [they can] be revealed
גלא glˀ: uncover, reveal
ועגולי wˁgwly
עגל ˁgl: roll, press
and the press

to troops [by accident].
גוד gwd: troop
הגת hgt
גת gt: wine-press, vat
of the wine vat [so they press down on Sabbath].

Shabbat 1.9.b

Shabbat 1.10.a

Encrypted: One may not neglect penetrations, having things laid bare, or having been found out, except when it can be cleared up while on the same day.

Official: One may not roast meat, onions or eggs, except when they can be roasted fully while on the same day.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

neglect
שלי šly: be at ease, unconcerned, neglect
צולין ṣwlyn
צלי ṣly: roast, roasted
roast

penetrations,
ברץ brṣ: penetrate, reveal
בשר bšr
בשר bšr: meat
meat,

having [things] laid bare,
פצל pṣl: split, peel, lay bare
בצל bṣl
בצל bṣl: onion
onions

or having been found out,
בצי bṣy: strip, found out, understood
וביצה wbyṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
or eggs,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it can] be cleared up
ש־ š-: make; צלל ṣll: settle, clear, clarify
שיצולו šyṣwlw
ש־ š-: make; צלי ṣly: roast, roasted
[they can] be roasted [fully]

while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while

on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.

Shabbat 1.10.a

Subjects mustn’t see the fraud, except when it can be covered up quickly.

Shabbat 1.10.b

Encrypted: One may not show the deception to one of the servants who is with the poor subjects, and not the wrong acting in a place next to the multitudes, except when it can be covered up on the surface while on the same day.

Official: One may not give a piece of bread into the oven near nightfall, and not a cake onto a spot next to burning coals, except when it can form a crust on its surface while on the same day.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

show
נתן ntn: show, present
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give
give

the deception
פתה pth: foolish, seduce, deceive
פת pt
פת pt: piece of bread
a piece of bread

to one of the servants
ל־ l-: to; ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
לתנור ltnwr
ל־ l-: to; תנור tnwr: stove, oven
into the oven

[who is] with
עם ˁm: with, near
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, near
near

the poor [subjects],
חשוך ḥšwk: dark, reduced, poor
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
nightfall,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

the wrong [acting]
הרר hrr: trouble, annoy, do wrong, snow job
חררה ḥrrh
חרר ḥrr: cake
a cake

in
על ˁl: upon, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
onto

[a place] next to
גב gb: near, next to
גבי gby
גב gb: near, next to
[a spot] next to

the multitudes,
קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde
גחלים gḥlym
גחל gḥl: burning coal
burning coals,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it can] be covered up
ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: fine cloth, cover, overlay
שיקרמו šyqrmw
ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: form a skin, cover with crust
[it can] form a crust

[on] the surface
פני pny: face
פניה pnyh
פני pny: face
[on its] surface

while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while

on the [same] day.
יום ywm: day
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
on the [same] day.

Shabbat 1.10.b

Shabbat 1.10.c

Encrypted: Rabbi Eliezer says: When one can put up a cover in the place of it.

Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: When it can form a crust on the lower part of it.

Rabbi
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

When
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
When

[one can put up] a cover
ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: fine cloth, cover, overlay
שיקרם šyqrm
ש־ š-: make; קרם qrm: form a skin, cover with crust
[it can] form a crust

in the place
תחת tḥt: instead of, in place of
התחתון htḥtwn
תחת tḥt: below, under
[on] the lower [part]

of it.
של šl: belonging to, of
שלה šlh
של šl: belonging to, of
of it.

Shabbat 1.10.c

Open places can be controlled with guards & crowds.

Shabbat 1.11.a

Encrypted: If one can control even an open place towards the servants with obscurity, then one may hold the fake attack with guards even among occasional penetrations. Also with crowds of agents when can hold & support the fake attack enough of them. Lord Yehudah says: With governor support, even all of it can be shown.

Official: When the Sabbath is connected to the Passover festival one may put things into the oven near nightfall, and one may ignite the flame in the pile of wood of the temple to burn there. Also in country areas, when can be ignited the flame enough before Sabbath. Rabbi Yehudah says: With coal fires, even if any of it can be ignited.

[If one can] control
משל mšl: manage, control
משלשלין mšlšlyn
מ־ m-: of; שלשל šlšl: chained, connected
[When the Sabbath] is connected

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
to

[even] an open place [?]
פצח pṣḥ: open place, unwalled place
הפסח hpsḥ
פסח psḥ: Passover festival
the Passover festival

towards the servants
ל־ l-: to; ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
בתנור btnwr
ל־ l-: to; תנור tnwr: stove, oven
[one may put things] into the oven

with
עם ˁm: with, near
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, near
near

obscurity [?],
חשך ḥšk: darken, obscure
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
nightfall,

then [one may] hold
מ־ m-: of; אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
ומאחיזין wmˀḥyzyn
מ־ m-: of; אחז ˀḥz: hold, ignite with kindling wood
and [one may] ignite

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the [fake] attack
אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
האור hˀwr
אור ˀwr: light, flame
the flame

with guards
ב־ b-: with; מטרי mṭry: guard, watcher
במדורת bmdwrt
ב־ b-: in; מדורה mdwrh: pile of wood, fire
in the pile of wood

[even] among
בית byt: between, among
בית byt
בית byt: house, structure
of the temple

[occasional?] penetrations [?].
מ־ m-: of; קדד qdd: bore, penetrate
המוקד hmwqd
מ־ m-: of; יקד yqd: kindle, burn, set on fire
to burn [there].

Also with crowds [of agents?]
ב־ b-: with; גבל gbl: people, crowd
ובגבולין wbgbwlyn
ב־ b-: in; גבול gbwl: border, territory, country
Also in country [areas??],

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[can] hold & support
ש־ š-: make; אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
שיאחז šyˀḥz
ש־ š-: make; אחז ˀḥz: hold, ignite with kindling wood
[can] be ignited

the [fake] attack
אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
האור hˀwr
אור ˀwr: light, flame
the flame

enough [of them?].
ב־ b-: in; רב rb: much, many, enough
ברבן brbn
ב־ b-: in; רב rb: much, many, enough
enough [before Sabbath].

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

With governor [support?],
ב־ b-: with; פחם pḥm: governors
בפחמין bpḥmyn
ב־ b-: in; פחם pḥm: coal
With coal [fires],

[even] all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
[even if?] any

of it [can be shown?].
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it [can be ignited?].

Shabbat 1.11.a

Kindling the subjects for war

One cannot kindle a war with mere words & mock-ups.

Shabbat 2:1.a

Encrypted: With what can one kindle a war and with what can one not kindle it? One can not kindle it with these: Not with mere words, not with mere appearances, not with mere chatter, and not with a mere perversion of things already in memory, and not with a mere perversion of speech, and not with arranging things which are already known on the surface to the people.

Official: With what may one kindle a fire on Sabbath, and with what may one not kindle it? One may not kindle it with these: Not with cedar wood, not with flax, not with bast silk, not with a thread of bast, and not with a thread of desert grass, and not with moss which grows on the surface of water.

With what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
במה bmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
With what

[can one] kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
[may one] kindle [a fire on Sabbath],

and with what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
and with what

[can one] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[may one] not

kindle [it]?
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [it]?

[One can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

kindle [it with these]:
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [it with these]:

Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not

with [mere] words,
ב־ b-: with; לכסי lksy: lexis, language, word
בלכש blkš
ב־ b-: with; לכש lkš: cedar-bast
with cedar [wood],

not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [mere] appearances,
ב־ b-: with; חזון ḥzwn: vision, appearance, spectacle, theatrical
בחסן bḥsn
ב־ b-: with; הוצני hwṣny: soaked flax
with flax,

not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [mere] chatter,
ב־ b-: with; גלג glg: reveal, chatter, boast
בכלך bklk
ב־ b-: with; כלך klk: bast silk
with bast silk,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with a [mere] perversion
ב־ b-: with; פתל ptl: pervert, twist
בפתילת bptylt
ב־ b-: with; פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
with a thread

of [things already in] memory,
עוהדן ˁwhdn: memory, commemoration, mention
האידן hˀydn
אידן ˀydn: bast
of bast,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with a [mere] perversion
ב־ b-: with; פתל ptl: pervert, twist
בפתילת bptylt
ב־ b-: with; פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
with a thread

of speech,
מדבר mdbr: speech, talk
המדבר hmdbr
מדבר mdbr: desert
of desert grass [??],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with arranging [things]
ב־ b-: with; ערך ˁrk: arrange, prepare
בירוקה byrwqh
ב־ b-: with; ירוקה yrwqh: moss
with moss [??]

which [are already known] on
ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on
שעל šˁl
ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on
which [grows] on

the surface
פני pny: face
פני pny
פני pny: face
the surface

[to] the people.
עמים ˁmym: people
המים hmym
מים mym: water
of water [???].

Shabbat 2:1.a

Shabbat 2:1.b

Encrypted: And not with mere forgeries, and not with mere smooth-talking, and not with the arrangement of mere impressions, and not with the arrangement of mere confusion and not with mere accusations, and not with mere mockery.

Official: And not with pitch, and not with wax, and not with oil of castor seeds, and not with oil that was burnt, and not with a sheep's tail, and not with fat.

And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not

with [mere] forgeries,
ב־ b-: with; זוף zwp: falsify, forge; ־ת -t: (suffix)
בזפת bzpt
ב־ b-: with; זפת zpt: pitch
with pitch,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with [mere] smooth-talking,
ב־ b-: with; שעוע šˁwˁ: smooth-talking, hypocrisy
בשעוה bšˁwh
ב־ b-: with; שעוה šˁwh: wax, balm
with wax,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with the arrangement
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil

of [mere] impressions,
קעקע qˁqˁ: engrave, impression
קיק qyq
קיק qyq: castor-oil seed
of castor seeds,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with the arrangement
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil

of [mere] confusion [??]
סרב srb: confound, deny, speak falsely against
שרפה šrph
שרפה šrph: burning, fire
[that] was burnt,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with [mere] accusations,
ב־ b-: with; עלל ˁll: accuse falsely
באליה bˀlyh
ב־ b-: with; אליה ˀlyh: fat tail of sheep
with a sheep's tail [??],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with [mere] mockery.
ב־ b-: with; לעב / הלעב lˁb / hlˁb: mock, jest
בחלב bḥlb
ב־ b-: with; חלב ḥlb: fat, grease, milk
with fat.

Shabbat 2:1.b

Shabbat 2:1.c

Encrypted: Nahum the Median says: One can kindle a war with mockery that is perfect. But the advisors say: Whether it is one kind that is perfect or another kind that is not perfect, either way one can not kindle a war with mere mockery.

Official: Nahum the Median says: One may kindle a fire with fat that was boiled. But the advisors say: Whether it is one kind that was boiled or another kind that was not boiled, either way one may not kindle a fire on Sabbath with fat.

Nahum
נחום nḥwm: Nahum
נחום nḥwm
נחום nḥwm: Nahum
Nahum

the Median
מדי mdy: Median
המדי hmdy
מדי mdy: Median
the Median

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[One can] kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
[One may] kindle [a fire]

with mockery
ב־ b-: with; לעב / הלעב lˁb / hlˁb: mock, jest
בחלב bḥlb
ב־ b-: with; חלב ḥlb: fat, grease, milk
with fat

[that] is perfect.
מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: mature, perfect
מבשל mbšl
מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
[that] was boiled.

But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[Whether it is] one [kind]
אחד ˀḥd: one, other
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one, other
[Whether it is] one [kind]

[that] is perfect
מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: mature, perfect
מבשל mbšl
מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
[that] was boiled

or another [kind]
אחד ˀḥd: one, other
ואחד wˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one, other
or another [kind]

that [is] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
that [was] not

perfect,
מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: mature, perfect
מבשל mbšl
מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
boiled,

[either way one can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[either way one may] not

kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire on Sabbath]

with [mere mockery].
בי by: with
בו bw
בי by: with
with [fat].

Shabbat 2:1.c

Shabbat 2:2.a

Encrypted: One can not kindle a war with mere arrangements of confusion in times that are otherwise pleasant & peaceful. Rabbi Ishmael says: One may not kindle a war with mere decoration, because of the importance of war.

Official: One may not kindle a fire with oil that was burned on a day joyful of a festival. Rabbi Ishmael says: One may not kindle a fire with pitch, because of the importance Sabbath.

[One can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire]

with [mere] arrangements
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil

of confusion
סרב srb: confound, deny, speak falsely against
שרפה šrph
שרפה šrph: burning, fire
[that] was burned

in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on a day

[that are otherwise] pleasant [& peaceful].
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival].

Rabbi
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Ishmael
ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
ישמעאל yšmˁˀl
ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
Ishmael

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire]

with [mere] decoration,
ב־ b-: with; עטר ˁṭr: adorn, decorate; ־ן -n: (suffix)
בעטרן bˁṭrn
ב־ b-: with; עטרן ˁṭrn: cedar oil, pitch
with pitch,

because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because of

the importance
כבוד kbwd: importance, honor, respect
כבוד kbwd
כבוד kbwd: importance, honor, respect
the importance

of war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
Sabbath.

Shabbat 2:2.a

Shabbat 2:2.b

Encrypted: But the advisors permit it with all these arrangements: With arranging a swordfight, with arranging an attack, with arranging a fight, with arranging a humiliation, with arranging a military encounter, with violence and with surprise attacks.

Official: And the advisors permit it with all oils: With oil of sesame, with oil of nuts, with oil of radishes, with oil of fish, with oil of gourds, with pitch, and with petroleum.

But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

permit [it]
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: permit
מתירין mtyryn
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: permit
permit [it]

with all [these]
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
בכל bkl
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
with all

arrangements:
זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
השמנים hšmnym
שמן šmn: fat, oil
oils:

With arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
With oil

a swordfight [??],
צמצמא ṣmṣmˀ: sword
שמשמין šmšmyn
שמשם šmšm: sesame
of sesame,

with arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil

an attack,
עגש ˁgš: attack, gore
אגוזים ˀgwzym
אגוז ˀgwz: nut
of nuts,

with arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil

a fight,
זון zwn: outfit, decorate, arm one’s self, fight
צנונות ṣnwnwt
צנון ṣnwn: radish
of radishes,

with arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil

a humiliation,
דקדק dqdq: crush, humiliate, break
דגים dgym
דג dg: fish
of fish,

with arranging
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil

a [military] encounter,
פגע pgˁ: encounter, attack
פקועות pqwˁwt
פקוע pqwˁ: gourd
of gourds,

with violence [??]
ב־ b-: with; טרוניא ṭrwnyˀ: tyrannical, brutal, violent
בעטרן bˁṭrn
ב־ b-: with; עטרן ˁṭrn: cedar oil, pitch
with pitch,

and with surprise [attacks??].
ב־ b-: with; נ־ n-: make; פתע ptˁ: surprise, suddenly
ובנפט wbnpṭ
ב־ b-: with; נפט npṭ: naphtha, petroleum
and with petroleum.

Shabbat 2:2.b

Shabbat 2:2.c

Encrypted: Lord Tarfon says: One simply can not kindle a war, except with arrangements of terror alone.

Official: Rabbi Tarfon says: One may not kindle a fire, except with oil of olives alone.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Tarfon
טרפון ṭrpwn: Tarfon
טרפון ṭrpwn
טרפון ṭrpwn: Tarfon
Tarfon

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[One simply can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

kindle [a war],
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire],

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

with arrangements
ב־ b-: with; זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
בשמן bšmn
ב־ b-: with; שמן šmn: fat, oil
with oil

of terror
זועתא zwˁtˀ: terror
זית zyt
זית zyt: olive
of olives

alone.
ב־ b-: with; לבד lbd: alone
בלבד blbd
ב־ b-: with; לבד lbd: alone
alone.

Shabbat 2:2.c

No deception can kindle a war like a physical attack.

Shabbat 2:3.a

Encrypted: With all things that one can bring forth from one’s power, one can not kindle a war with them, except with an attack. And of all things that one can bring forth from one’s power, they do not stupefy so completely the slaves, except an attack.

Official: With all oils that come out from trees, one may not kindle a fire with them, except with flax. And of all oils that come out from trees, they do not make unclean by corpses a tent containing them, except flax.

[With] all [things]
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
[With] all [oils]

[that one can] bring forth
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
היוצא hywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
[that] come out

from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from

[one’s] power,
עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force
העץ hˁṣ
עץ ˁṣ: tree
trees,

[one can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not

kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire]

with them,
בי by: with
בו bw
בי by: with
with them,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

[with] an attack.
פשט pšṭ: attack, invade, make a raid; ־ן -n: (suffix)
פשתן pštn
פשתן pštn: flax, linen
[with] flax.

And [of] all [things]
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
And [of] all [oils]

[that one can] bring forth
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
היוצא hywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring forth
[that] come out

from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from

[one’s] power,
עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force
העץ hˁṣ
עץ ˁṣ: tree
trees,

[they do] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[they do] not

stupefy
מ־ m-: of; תמה tmh: amaze, astonish, stun, stupor
מטמא mṭmˀ
מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
make unclean

[so] completely
תם tm: completeness, perfection
טמאת ṭmˀt
טמא ṭmˀ: ghost, unclean by corpse
[by] corpses [??]

the slaves,
אולה ˀwlh: slave; חול ḥwl: common
אהלים ˀhlym
אהל ˀhl: tent, shelter, cover
a tent [containing them?],

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

an attack.
פשט pšṭ: attack, invade, make a raid; ־ן -n: (suffix)
פשתן pštn
פשתן pštn: flax, linen
flax.

Shabbat 2:3.a

Shabbat 2:3.b

Encrypted: Even a perversion of deceit which is accepted, but it may not confuse the subjects enough. Lord Eliezer says: It is unfit, one can not kindle a war with it. Lord Akiva says: If it is a really clean one, then one can kindle a war with it.

Official: A thread of garment which is rolled up into a wick, but not yet struck lit up. Rabbi Eliezer says: It is unclean, one may not kindle a fire with it. Rabbi Akiva says: It is clean, and one may kindle a fire with it.

[Even] a perversion
פתל ptl: pervert, twist
פתילת ptylt
פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
A thread

of deceit
בגד bgd: betrayal, treachery, deceit
הבגד hbgd
בגד bgd: web, garment, dress
of garment

which is accepted [?],
ש־ š-: which; קבל qbl: receive, accept
שקפלה šqplh
ש־ š-: which; קפל qpl: fold, roll up
which is rolled up [into a wick?],

but [it may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
but not

confuse [the subjects enough].
בהבה bhbh: confused, dumbfound, perplex, baffle
הבהבה hbhbh
בהבה bhbh: strike
[yet] struck [lit up?].

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

It is unfit,
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
טמאה ṭmˀh
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
It is unclean,

[one can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not

kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle [a fire]

with it.
בה bh: with it
בה bh
בה bh: with it
with it.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
Akiva

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[If] it is a [really] clean [one],
טהר ṭhr: cleared, cleanse, amend
טהורה ṭhwrh
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
It is clean,

then [one can] kindle [a war]
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
ומדליקין wmdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
and [one may] kindle [a fire]

with it.
בה bh: with it
בה bh
בה bh: with it
with it.

Shabbat 2:3.b

Leaks out of idiocy cannot be filled with simple distractions.

Shabbat 2:4.a

Encrypted: And may not fix up a man the clumsiness of being found out, and fill it with another arrangement and place it on the mouth of the servants, the reason being to distract and to obscure of it its clumsiness. But lord Yehudah permits it.

Official: And may not hollow out a man the receptacle shell of an egg, and fill it with oil, and place it on the mouth of a lamp, the reason being to make it drip into the lamp, to extend of it its glowing time. But rabbi Yehudah permits it.

[And may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[And may] not

fix up [??]
קבע qbˁ: deceive, fix, establish
יקב yqb
יקב yqb: hollow out
hollow out

a man
אדם ˀdm: man
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man

the clumsiness [??]
ש־ š-: make; פפרא pprˀ: clumsy, negligent, neglectful; פפרותא pprwtˀ: awkwardness, clumsiness, sloppiness
שפופרת špwprt
שפופרת špwprt: tube, pipe, receptacle
the receptacle [shell?]

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

being found out,
בצי bṣy: strip, found out, understood
ביצה byṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
an egg [??],

and fill [it]
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
וימלאנה wymlˀnh
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
and fill [it]

[with another] arrangement
זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
[with] oil,

and place [it]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
ויתננה wytnnh
נתן ntn: give, place, put
and place [it]

on
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

the mouth
פה ph: mouth
פי py
פה ph: mouth
the mouth

of the servants,
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
of a lamp,

the reason
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
the reason

being
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
שתהא šthˀ
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
being

to distract
מ־ m-: of; נתף ntp: entice, attract, distracted
מנטפת mnṭpt
מ־ m-: of; נטף nṭp: drip, drop
[to make it] drip [into the lamp??],

[and] to obscure
אפל ˀpl: darken, obscure
אפלו ˀplw
אפל ˀpl: slow, late
to extend

of it
הוא hwˀ: he, it
היא hyˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it

its
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
its

clumsiness [??].
חרוסא ḥrwsˀ: awkward, clumsy
חרס ḥrs
חרס ḥrs: sun, glow
glowing [time].

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

permits [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it].

Shabbat 2:4.a

Shabbat 2:4.b

Encrypted: But if was an associate the leaker from the beginning, then it is permitted, because then it is a thing unique.

Official: But if the egg was attached when fashioning the lamp from the beginning, then it is permitted, because then it is a vessel single.

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

[was] an associate
חבר ḥbr: company, partner, associate
חברה ḥbrh
חבר ḥbr: join, attach
[the egg??] was attached

the leaker [?]
צרי ṣry: split, penetrate, burst
היוצר hywṣr
יצר yṣr: fashion, create, establish
[when] fashioning [the lamp??]

from the beginning,
מ־ m-: from; תחל tḥl: begin
מתחלה mtḥlh
מ־ m-: from; תחל tḥl: begin
from the beginning,

[then it] is permitted,
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתר mtr
נתר ntr: permit, free
[then it] is permitted,

because [then]
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because [then]

it is
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
it is

a thing
כלי kly: thing
כלי kly
כלי kly: object, vessel
a vessel

unique.
אחד ˀḥd: one, single, unique
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one, single, unique
single.

Shabbat 2:4.b

One may not punish a leaker by throwing him to the masses.

Shabbat 2:4.c

Encrypted: Also may not fill a man a leak with an arrangement, and place it at the side of the servants, and put the disturber of the perversion project in their middle for the sake of him drawing and absorbing their anger. But lord Yehudah permits it.

Official: Also may not fill a man a dish with oil, and place it at the side of a lamp, and put the head of the wick in its middle for the sake of it drawing and absorbing the oil. But rabbi Yehudah permits it.

[Also may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[Also may] not

fill
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
ימלא ymlˀ
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
fill

a man
אדם ˀdm: man
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a leak
קרר qrr: well forth, give forth
הקערה hqˁrh
קערה qˁrh: dish, platter
a dish

[with] an arrangement,
זמן zmn: plot, prepare, arrange
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
[with] oil,

and place [it]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
ויתננה wytnnh
נתן ntn: give, place, put
and place [it]

at the side
ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
בצד bṣd
ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
at the side

of the servants,
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
of a lamp,

and put
נתן ntn: give, place, put
ויתן wytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
and put

the disturber
רעש rˁš: shake, disturb
ראש rˀš
ראש rˀš: head
the head

of the perversion [project?]
פתל ptl: pervert, twist
הפתילה hptylh
פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
of the wick

in [their] middle
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
בתוכה btwkh
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
in [its] middle

for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for the sake of

[him] drawing
שתי šty: drink, absorb water
שתהא šthˀ
שתי šty: drink, absorb water
[it] drawing

[and] absorbing [their anger].
שאב šˀb: draw water, absorb; ־ת -t: (suffix)
שואבת šwˀbt
שאב šˀb: draw water, absorb; ־ת -t: (suffix)
[and] absorbing [the oil].

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

permits [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it].

Shabbat 2:4.c

Safety & killings in war

It’s okay to kill commoners if you’re afraid, or to train the army.

Shabbat 2:5.a

Encrypted: When one extinguishes servants because one was startled because of the crowds, or because of being seized, or because of commoners that would do harm, or if it was for the sake of the army to harden them up, then one is exempt.

Official: When one extinguishes a lamp because one was startled because of gentiles, or because of robbers, or because of spirits that are evil, or if it was for the sake of a sick person to allow him to sleep, then one is exempt.

[When one] extinguishes
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
המכבה hmkbh
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
[When one] extinguishes

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

servants [?!?]
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

one
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
one

was startled
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: jump, startled, terrify
מתירא mtyrˀ
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: jump, startled, terrify
was startled

because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because of

the crowds,
גוי gwy: crowd, people
גוים gwym
גוי gwy: nation, gentile
gentiles,

or because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
or because of

being seized,
לסטי lsṭy: rob, seize, seized
לסטים lsṭym
לסט lsṭ: robber
robbers,

or because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
or because of

commoners
רווח rwwḥ: common, popular
רוח rwḥ
רוח rwḥ: spirit
spirits

that [would] do harm,
רעה rˁh: wrong, harm
רעה rˁh
רעה rˁh: evil
that are evil,

or if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
or if

[it was] for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
[it was] for the sake of

the army
חיל ḥyl: force, army, military
החולה hḥwlh
חלה ḥlh: faint, sick
a sick person

[to] harden them up [?!?],
עשן ˁšn: harden, make firm, grow strong, prepare oneself
שיישן šyyšn
ש־ š-: make; ישן yšn: sleep
[to allow] him to sleep,

[then one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[then one] is exempt.

Shabbat 2:5.a

One mustn’t protect servants or idiots or talkers.

Shabbat 2:5.b

Encrypted: But as for protecting servants, as for protecting idiots, as for protecting idiot talkers, one is guilty. But lord Yose exempts this, in everything except of protecting idiot talkers, because they really create trouble.

Official: But as for sparing the lamp, as for sparing the oil, as for sparing the fuse, one is guilty. But rabbi Yose exempts this, in everything except of sparing the fuse, because it creates coal when it’s extinguished.

[But] as for protecting
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
כחס kḥs
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
[But] as for sparing

 
על ˁl: to, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: to, over
 

servants [?!?],
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
the lamp,

as for protecting
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
כחס kḥs
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
as for sparing

 
על ˁl: to, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: to, over
 

idiots,
שעממן šˁmmn: troublesome person; שעמום šˁmwm: idiot
השמן hšmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
the oil,

as for protecting
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
כחס kḥs
כ־ k-: as; חוס ḥws: protect, spare
as for sparing

 
על ˁl: to, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: to, over
 

idiot talkers,
בדוילא bdwylˀ: idle talk; בדולא bdwlˀ: idiot, moron, one who talks a lot
הפתילה hptylh
פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
the fuse,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
[one] is guilty.

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

exempts [this],
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטר pwṭr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempts [this],

in everything
ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, whole
בכלן bkln
ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, whole
in everything

except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except

of
מן mn: of, from
מן mn
מן mn: of, from
of

[protecting] idiot talkers,
בדוילא bdwylˀ: idle talk; בדולא bdwlˀ: idiot, moron, one who talks a lot
הפתילה hptylh
פתיל ptyl: thread, cord, fuse
[sparing] the fuse,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

they
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
it

[really] create
עשה ˁšh: do, make, create
עושה ˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, create
creates

trouble.
פעם pˁm: agitated, trouble
פחם pḥm
פחם pḥm: coal
coal [when it’s extinguished??].

Shabbat 2:5.b

Aristocrats can be killed in hoaxed wars if they aren’t careful.

Shabbat 2:6.a

Encrypted: For three transgressions can rulers die during hoaxes: It is for not being cautious when wandering about, and getting slain, and kindling the anger of the servants.

Official: For three transgressions can women die during childbirth: It is for not being cautious in menstruation, and with making cakes, and in kindling the lamp on Sabbath.

For
על ˁl: on, for
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, for
For

three
שלש šlš: three
שלש šlš
שלש šlš: three
three

transgressions
עבר ˁbr: violate, transgress
עברות ˁbrwt
עבר ˁbr: violate, transgress
transgressions

[can] rulers
נשאים nšˀym: princes, rulers
נשים nšym
נשים nšym: women
[can] women

die
מות mwt: die, death
מתות mtwt
מות mwt: die, death
die

during
בשעת bšˁt: during
בשעת bšˁt
בשעת bšˁt: during
during

hoaxes:
עלדיתא ˁldytˀ: guile, cunning, deception, hoax
לדתן ldtn
ילדתא yldtˀ: woman in childbirth
childbirth:

[It is] for
על ˁl: on, for
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, for
[It is] for

not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינן šˀynn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
not

being cautious
זהיר zhyr: cautious, attentive
זהירות zhyrwt
זהיר zhyr: cautious, attentive
being cautious

when wandering about,
ב־ b-: in; נוד nwd: wander about
בנדה bndh
ב־ b-: in; נדה ndh: menstruation
in menstruation,

and [getting] slain,
ב־ b-: in; חלל ḥll: beheaded, slain
ובחלה wbḥlh
ב־ b-: with; חלה ḥlh: cake, loaf
and with [making] cakes [???],

and kindling
ב־ b-: in; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
ובהדלקת wbhdlqt
ב־ b-: in; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
and in kindling

[the anger] of the servants.
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
the lamp [on Sabbath].

Shabbat 2:6.a

Shabbat 2:7.a

Encrypted: There are three things that needs a man to say ask oneself in the middle among the multitudes before a war about the people who are poor subjects: Have you stirred them up? Have you confounded them? If so, one can kindle the servants for war.

Official: There are three things that needs a man to say in the middle of his house on the evening to the Sabbath to the relatives when it is getting dark: Have you tithed the tithes? Have you pledged the pledges? If so, one can kindle the lamp for Sabbath.

[There are] three
שלש šlš: three
שלשה šlšh
שלש šlš: three
[There are] three

things
דבר dbr: thing
דברים dbrym
דבר dbr: thing
things

[that] needs
צרך ṣrk: need, require
צריך ṣryk
צרך ṣrk: need, require
[that] needs

a man
אדם ˀdm: man
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man

to say [ask oneself]
ל־ l-: to; אמר ˀmr: say
לומר lwmr
ל־ l-: to; אמר ˀmr: say
to say

in the middle
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
בתוך btwk
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
in the middle

among
בית byt: between, among
ביתו bytw
בית byt: house
of his house

the multitudes
ערב ˁrb: mixed multitude
ערב ˁrb
ערב ˁrb: evening
[on] the evening

[before] a war
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
[to] the Sabbath

[about] the people
עם ˁm: crowd, people
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: kinsman, relative
[to] the relatives

who are poor [subjects]:
חשוך ḥšwk: dark, reduced, poor
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
[when it is getting] dark:

Have you stirred them up?
סער sˁr: rage, stir up, excited, troubled; ־ם -m: them
עשרתם ˁšrtm
עשר ˁšr: tithe; ־ם -m: them
Have you tithed [the tithes]?

Have you confounded them?
ערבב ˁrbb: mix up, confound, disturb
ערבתם ˁrbtm
ערב ˁrb: vouch, pledge; ־ם -m: them
Have you pledged [the pledges]?

[If so, one can] kindle
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
הדליקו hdlyqw
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
[If so, one can] kindle

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the servants [for war].
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
the lamp [for Sabbath].

Shabbat 2:7.a

If there’s doubt as to safety, one mustn’t stir the masses in one’s real identity.

Shabbat 2:7.b

Encrypted: If there is doubt whether they can be controlled, and there is doubt whether they can not be controlled, then one may not stir them up in one’s real identity, and one may not immerse oneself in the multitudes, and one may not personally kindle the servants for war.

Official: If there is doubt whether it is dark and there is doubt whether it is not dark, then one may not tithe certainly not tithed fruit, and one may not immerse the ritual vessels in water, and one may not kindle the lamp for Sabbath.

[If there is] doubt
ספק spq: doubt
ספק spq
ספק spq: doubt
[If there is] doubt

[whether they can] be controlled,
חסך ḥsk: save, protect, restrain, control
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
[whether it] is dark

[and there is] doubt
ספק spq: doubt
ספק spq
ספק spq: doubt
[and there is] doubt

[whether they can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[whether it] is not

be controlled,
חסך ḥsk: save, protect, restrain, control
חשכה ḥškh
חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
dark,

[then one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[then one may] not

stir [them] up
מ־ m-: of; סער sˁr: rage, stir up, excited, troubled
מעשרין mˁšryn
מ־ m-: of; עשר ˁšr: tithe
tithe

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[in one’s] real [identity,
ודאי wdˀy: certain, real, surely
הודאי hwdˀy
ודאי wdˀy: certain, real, surely
certainly [not tithed fruit],

and [one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [one may] not

immerse [oneself]
מ־ m-: of; טבילה ṭbylh: dipping, immersion
מטבילין mṭbylyn
מ־ m-: of; טבילה ṭbylh: dipping, immersion
immerse

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[in] the multitudes,
קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
the [ritual] vessels [in water],

and [one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [one may] not

[personally] kindle
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
מדליקין mdlyqyn
מ־ m-: of; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindle

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the servants [for war].
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנרות hnrwt
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
the lamp [for Sabbath].

Shabbat 2:7.b

Shabbat 2:7.c

Encrypted: But one may stir them up in disguise, and one may confound them in concealment as one of the crowds.

Official: But one may tithe fruits suspected to be untithed, and one may pledge, and store away the hot water for Sabbath.

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

[one may] stir [them] up
סער sˁr: rage, stir up, excited, troubled
מעשרין mˁšryn
מ־ m-: of; עשר ˁšr: tithe
[one may] tithe

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[in] disguise,
דמי dmy: similar, disguise
הדמאי hdmˀy
דמאי dmˀy: suspicion, fruits suspected untithed
[fruits] suspected [to be untithed],

and [one may] confound [them]
ערבב ˁrbb: mix up, confound, disturb
ומערבין wmˁrbyn
ערב ˁrb: vouch, pledge
and [one may] pledge,

[in] concealment
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
וטומנין wṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
and store away

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[as one of] the crowds.
המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, people, population
החמין hḥmyn
חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
the hot water [for Sabbath].

Shabbat 2:7.c

Harshness can be covered-up with excuses, but arrogant oppression needs a mask.

Shabbat 3:1.a

Encrypted: If a lord has problems only with his harshness or with his taxes, then one may place above him a pretense like a war. But if he has problems with arrogance or with open oppression, then one may not place anything on top of that until it is cleaned up, or until one places a complete mask on him.

Official: If a portable stove was made to burn with straw or with rakings, then one may place above it a cooking pot with food. But if it was lit with turf or with wood, then one may not place anything on top until it is sweeped, or until one places ashes on the fire to extinguish it.

[If] a lord
קיר qyr: lord, leader
כירה kyrh
כירה kyrh: portable stove
[If] a portable stove

has problems
ש־ š-: make; עסק ˁsq: issue, problem, difficult, troublesome
שהסיקוה šhsyqwh
ש־ š-: make; אסקו ˀsqw: burning
was made to burn

[only] with [his] harshness
ב־ b-: with; קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
בקש bqš
ב־ b-: with; קש qš: straw, stubble
with straw

or with [his] taxes,
ב־ b-: with; גבי gby: collect, tax, confiscate, fine
ובגבבא wbgbbˀ
ב־ b-: with; גבבה gbbh: straw, stubble, rakings, rubbish
or with rakings,

[then one may] place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותנים nwtnym
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[then one may] place

above him
על ˁl: upon, above
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: upon, above
above it

a pretense [like a war].
ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
תבשיל tbšyl
ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
a cooking [pot with food?].

[But if he has problems] with arrogance
ב־ b-: with; גבהות gbhwt: pride, haughtiness
בגפת bgpt
ב־ b-: with; גפת gpt: peat, turf
[But if it was lit] with turf

or with [open] oppression,
ב־ b-: with; עצי ˁṣy: oppression, force, rob, defraud
ובעצים wbˁṣym
ב־ b-: with; עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood
or with wood,

[then one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[then one may] not

place [anything on top of that]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place [anything on top]

until
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
until

[it] is cleaned up,
ש־ š-: make; גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
שיגרף šygrp
ש־ š-: make; גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
[it] is sweeped,

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

until
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
until

[one] places
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give, place, put
שיתן šytn
ש־ š-: make; נתן ntn: give, place, put
[one] places

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a [complete] mask [on him].
אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
האפר hˀpr
אפר ˀpr: ashes
ashes [on the fire to extinguish it?].

Shabbat 3:1.a

Shabbat 3:1.b

Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: One can still confuse the crowds, but not with simple pretense. The school of Hillel say: One can still confuse the crowds, even with pretense.

Official: The school of Shammai say: One may place hot water on it, but one may not cook food. The school of Hillel say: One may place hot water on it, and also cook on it.

The school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The school

of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One can still] confuse [the crowds?],
המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
חמין ḥmyn
חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
[One may place] hot water [on it],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

[with simple?] pretense.
ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
תבשיל tbšyl
ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
cook [food?].

The school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
The school

of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One can still] confuse [the crowds?],
המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
חמין ḥmyn
חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
[One may place] hot water [on it],

[even with?] pretense.
ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
ותבשיל wtbšyl
ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
[and also] cook [on it].

Shabbat 3:1.b

Shabbat 3:1.c

Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: One can remove an unpopular ruler, but one may not restore him. The school of Hillel say: One may even restore him.

Official: The school of Shammai say: One may remove a pot on Sabbath, but one may not return it. The school of Hillel say: One may even return it.

The school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The school

of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One can] remove [an unpopular ruler],
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטלין nwṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[One may] remove [a pot on Sabbath?],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

restore [him].
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
מחזירין mḥzyryn
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
return [it].

The school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
The school

of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One may] even
אף ˀp: also, even
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: also, even
[One may] even

restore [him].
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
מחזירין mḥzyryn
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
return [it].

Shabbat 3:1.c

If the subjects are already troublesome, don’t place anyone near them.

Shabbat 3:2.a

Encrypted: If the servants are already troublesome with imposed harshness or with imposed taxes, one may not place anyone among the oppressed, or at any place near them.

Official: If an oven was made to burn with straw or with rakings, one may not place anything in the middle or on the top.

[If] the servants
ת־ t-: of; ניר nyr: servitude
תנור tnwr
תנור tnwr: stove, oven
[If] an oven

are [already] troublesome
ש־ š-: make; עסק ˁsq: issue, problem, difficult, troublesome
שהסיקוהו šhsyqwhw
ש־ š-: make; אסקו ˀsqw: burning
was made to burn

with [imposed] harshness
ב־ b-: with; קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
בקש bqš
ב־ b-: with; קש qš: straw, stubble
with straw

or with [imposed] taxes,
ב־ b-: with; גבי gby: collect, tax, confiscate, fine
ובגבבא wbgbbˀ
ב־ b-: with; גבבה gbbh: straw, stubble, rakings, rubbish
or with rakings,

[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

place [anyone]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place [anything]

among
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
in

the oppressed,
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
מתוכו mtwkw
מ־ m-: from; תוך twk: middle, inside
the middle

[or]
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
[or]

at
מ־ m-: from, of; על ˁl: upon, above
מעל mˁl
מ־ m-: from, of; על ˁl: upon, above
on

[any place] near [them].
גב gb: near, next to
גביו gbyw
גב gb: back, top
the top.

Shabbat 3:2.a

Shabbat 3:2.b

Encrypted: If the oppressed are already troublesome with imposed harshness or with imposed taxes, in all aspects this is like a lord having problems with arrogance or with open oppression, in all aspects it is very visible.

Official: If a large lamp was made to burn with straw or with rakings, in all aspects this is like a portable stove lit with turf or with wood, in all aspects it is like an oven.

[If] the oppressed
קפח qpḥ: oppress, overwhelm, rob; כפה kph: subdue, force, compel
כפח kpḥ
קפח / כפח qpḥ / kpḥ: very tall
[If] a large [lamp???]

are [already] troublesome
ש־ š-: make; עסק ˁsq: issue, problem, difficult, troublesome
שהסיקוהו šhsyqwhw
ש־ š-: make; אסקו ˀsqw: burning
was made to burn

with [imposed] harshness
ב־ b-: with; קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
בקש bqš
ב־ b-: with; קש qš: straw, stubble
with straw

or with [imposed] taxes,
ב־ b-: with; גבי gby: collect, tax, confiscate, fine
ובגבבא wbgbbˀ
ב־ b-: with; גבבה gbbh: straw, stubble, rakings, rubbish
or with rakings,

[in all] aspects
הרי hry: aspect, case
הרי hry
הרי hry: aspect, case
[in all] aspects

this [is]
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
this [is]

like a lord
כ־ k-: as, like; קיר qyr: lord, leader
ככירים kkyrym
כ־ k-: as, like; כירה kyrh: portable stove
like a portable stove

[having problems] with arrogance
ב־ b-: with; גבהות gbhwt: pride, haughtiness
בגפת bgpt
ב־ b-: with; גפת gpt: peat, turf
[lit] with turf

or with [open] oppression,
ב־ b-: with; עצי ˁṣy: oppression, force, rob, defraud
ובעצים wbˁṣym
ב־ b-: with; עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood
or with wood,

[in all] aspects
הרי hry: aspect, case
הרי hry
הרי hry: aspect, case
[in all] aspects

it [is]
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
it [is]

[very] visible [?].
כ־ k-: as, like; ת־ t-: of; נראה nrˀh: visible
כתנור ktnwr
כ־ k-: as, like; תנור tnwr: stove, oven
like an oven.

Shabbat 3:2.b

One may not place exposed people near the subjects.

Shabbat 3:3.a

Encrypted: One may not place someone who was found out at their side in full sight for the sake of revealing him. And one may not break open the arrangements. But lord Yose permits it.

Official: One may not place an egg at the side of a vessel with hot water for the sake of rolling it to cook each side. And one may not break it into a hot kerchief to cook it. But rabbi Yose permits it.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place

[someone who] was found out
בצי bṣy: strip, found out, understood
ביצה byṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
an egg

at [their] side
ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
בצד bṣd
ב־ b-: on; צד ṣd: side, border
at the side

[in full] sight
מחמי mḥmy: sight, appearance, vision
המחם hmḥm
מחם mḥm: bronze water vessel
of a vessel [with hot water]

for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for the sake of

revealing [him].
ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; גלגל glgl: revealed
שתתגלגל šttglgl
ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; גלגל glgl: roll, turn
rolling it [to cook each side].

And [one may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And [one may] not

break open
פקע pqˁ: split, break, burst, crack
יפקיענה ypqyˁnh
פקע pqˁ: split, break, burst, crack
break [it]

the arrangements.
ב־ b-: in; סדר sdr: arrange, arrangement
בסודרין bswdryn
ב־ b-: in; סודר swdr: scarf, kerchief
into a [hot?] kerchief [to cook it].

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

permits [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it].

Shabbat 3:3.a

Shabbat 3:3.b

Encrypted: But one may also not conceal things with a pierced leak or with someone found out among the leaders, for the sake of protecting them.

Official: And one may also not store the egg in hot sand or in hot dust of the road for the sake of roasting it.

But [one may also] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And [one may also] not

conceal [things]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
יטמיננה yṭmynnh
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
store [the egg?]

with a pierced [leak]
ב־ b-: with; חלל ḥll: split, pierce, bore, hollow
בחל bḥl
ב־ b-: in; חל ḥl: sand, dust
in [hot?] sand

or with [someone] found out
ב־ b-: with; בקא bqˀ: search, investigate, examine, find out
ובאבק wbˀbq
ב־ b-: in; אבק ˀbq: dust, powder
or in [hot?] dust

[among] the leaders,
דרך drk: lead
דרכים drkym
דרך drk: road, path, way
of the road

for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for the sake of

protecting [them?].
ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; אצל ˀṣl: protect, spare, lay aside
שתצלה štṣlh
ש־ š-: make; ת־ t-: of; צלה ṣlh: roast
roasting [it].

Shabbat 3:3.b

There were incidents, so don’t overdo it like you would during peace.

Shabbat 3:4.a

Encrypted: There was an incident which did common men that were angry: They uncovered despised people of the secret agents in the middle of the people of the crowds and roughed them up.

Official: There was a deed which did the men of Tiberias: They brought a pipe for cold water through the middle of a river of a spring of hot water so they’d have hot water on Sabbath.

[There was] an incident
מעשה mˁšh: event, incident
מעשה mˁšh
מעשה mˁšh: deed, act
[There was] a deed

which did
ש־ š-: which; עשה ˁšh: do, act, make
שעשו šˁšw
ש־ š-: which; עשה ˁšh: do, act, make
which did

[common?] men
אנש ˀnš: man
אנשי ˀnšy
אנש ˀnš: man
the men

that were angry:
עבר / התעבר ˁbr / htˁbr: angry, violate
טבריא ṭbryˀ
טבריא ṭbryˀ: Tiberias
of Tiberias:

They uncovered [?]
בעה bˁh: investigation, uncover
והביאו whbyˀw
בוא bwˀ: come, bring
They brought

despised [people?]
סלי sly: reject, despise; ־ן -n: (suffix)
סלון slwn
סילון sylwn: gutter, duct, pipe, tube
a pipe

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
for

the secret [agents?]
צנע ṣnˁ: secret, hidden; עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force; ־ין -yn: (plural)
צונן ṣwnn
צנון ṣnwn: cold
cold [water]

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
through the middle

of the people
אמה ˀmh: clan, tribe, people
אמה ˀmh
אמה ˀmh: river-arm, canal
of a river [of a spring?]

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the crowds [and roughed them up?].
המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
חמין ḥmyn
חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
hot water [so they’d have hot water on Sabbath].

Shabbat 3:4.a

Shabbat 3:4.b

Encrypted: But said to them the advisors: When stirred up for a war, then they are like multitudes angered in a war, and it is forbidden to trust them or to further entice them.

Official: But said to them the advisors: When it passed through on Sabbath, then it is like hot water heated on Sabbath, and it is forbidden for washing and for drinking.

[But] said
אמר ˀmr: say
אמרו ˀmrw
אמר ˀmr: say
[But] said

to them
ל־ l-: to; הן hn: they
להן lhn
ל־ l-: to; הן hn: they
to them

the advisors:
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
חכמים ḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
the advisors:

When [stirred up?]
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
When [it passed through]

for a war,
ב־ b-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

[then they are] like multitudes
כ־ k-: as, like; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
כחמין kḥmyn
כ־ k-: as, like; חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
[then it is] like hot water

angered
ש־ š-: make; חמה ḥmh: anger, rage, fury
שהוחמו šhwḥmw
ש־ š-: make; חם ḥm: warm, hot
heated

in a war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

[and it] is forbidden
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסורין ˀswryn
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
[and it] is forbidden

to trust [them]
ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: lean on, rely, trust, safe
ברחיצה brḥyṣh
ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
for washing

or to [further] entice [them].
ב־ b-: for; סות swt: instigate, entice
ובשתיה wbštyh
ב־ b-: for; שתי šty: drink
and for drinking.

Shabbat 3:4.b

Shabbat 3:4.c

Encrypted: But when stirred up in times that are pleasant & peaceful, they are like multitudes angered in times that are pleasant & peaceful, and it is forbidden to trust them, but permitted to further entice them.

Official: But if it passed through on a day joyful of a festival, it is like hot water heated on a day joyful of a festival, and it is forbidden for washing, but permitted for drinking.

[But when stirred up?] in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
[But if it passed through] on a day

[that are] pleasant [& peaceful],
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival],

[they are] like multitudes
כ־ k-: as, like; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, confusion
כחמין kḥmyn
כ־ k-: as, like; חם ḥm: warm, hot, hot water; ־ין -yn: (plural)
[it is] like hot water

angered
ש־ š-: make; חמה ḥmh: anger, rage, fury
שהוחמו šhwḥmw
ש־ š-: make; חם ḥm: warm, hot
heated

in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on a day

[that are] pleasant [& peaceful],
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival],

[and it] is forbidden
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסורין ˀswryn
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
[and it] is forbidden

to trust [them],
ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: lean on, rely, trust, safe
ברחיצה brḥyṣh
ב־ b-: for; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
for washing,

but permitted
נתר ntr: free, permit
ומתרין wmtryn
נתר ntr: free, permit
but permitted

to [further] entice [them].
ב־ b-: for; סות swt: instigate, entice
בשתיה bštyh
ב־ b-: for; שתי šty: drink
for drinking.

Shabbat 3:4.c

Soldiers can be reliably stirred up for war, but not regular subjects.

Shabbat 3:4.d

Encrypted: As for the lower classes, if they are soldiers, one can entice them safely for war. But as for the oppressed, even though they are also like soldiers, one may not always entice them.

Official: As for a cauldron, if it was swept, one may drink from it safely on Sabbath. But as for an Antiochian vessel, even though it can also be swept, one may not drink from it.

[As for] the lower [classes?],
מ־ m-: of; לרע lrˁ: below
מוליאר mwlyˀr
מוליאר mwlyˀr: miliarium, cauldron
[As for] a cauldron,

[if they are] soldiers,
קרב qrb: battle, soldier
הגרוף hgrwp
גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
[if it] was swept,

[one can] entice [them]
סות swt: instigate, entice
שותין šwtyn
שתי šty: drink
[one may] drink [from it]

safely
הימן hymn: reliable, trust
הימנו hymnw
הימן hymn: reliable, trust
safely [??]

for war.
ב־ b-: in, for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

[But as for] the oppressed [?],
נ־ n-: make; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
אנטיכי ˀnṭyky
אנטיכי ˀnṭyky: Antiochian vessel, cooking instrument
[But as for] an Antiochian vessel [???],

even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
even though

[they are also like?] soldiers,
ש־ š-: which; קרב qrb: battle, soldier
שגרופה šgrwph
ש־ š-: make; גרף grp: rake, sweep, clean
[it can also] be swept,

[one may] not [always]
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not

entice
סות swt: instigate, entice
שותין šwtyn
שתי šty: drink
drink

[them?].
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
ממנה mmnh
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
from [it].

Shabbat 3:4.d

Do not place agents with guards to make them angry, just to temper them.

Shabbat 3:5.a

Encrypted: As for fortification garrisons which are at leisure not at war, one may not place in their middle secret agents for the sake of making them angry. But one may place them into their middle or into the middle of a covered operation, when it’s just to temper them.

Official: As for a vessel that was emptied but is still warm, one may not place in its middle cold water for the sake of heating it. But one may place it into its middle or into the middle of a cup, when it’s just to make it tepid but not hot.

[As for] fortification [garrisons?]
מ־ m-: of; חומה ḥwmh: surround, protect, wall, fortification
המחם hmḥm
מחם mḥm: bronze water vessel
[As for] a vessel

which are at leisure [not at war?],
ש־ š-: which; פנאי pnˀy: vacancy, spare time, leisure
שפנהו špnhw
ש־ š-: which; פני pny: turn, free, empty
that was emptied [but is still warm?],

[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place

in [their] middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכו ltwkw
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in [its] middle

secret [agents?]
צנע ṣnˁ: guarded, secret, hidden
צונן ṣwnn
צנון ṣnwn: cold
cold [water]

for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for the sake of

making [them] angry.
ש־ š-: make; חמה ḥmh: anger, rage, fury
שיחמו šyḥmw
ש־ š-: make; חם ḥm: warm, hot
heating [it].

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

[one may] place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[one may] place

them
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
it

into [their] middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכו ltwkw
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into [its] middle

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

into the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of a covered [operation?],
כסוי kswy: cover, clothing, veil
הכוס hkws
כוס kws: cup
of a cup,

when [it’s just]
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when [it’s just]

to temper [them].
ל־ l-: to; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
להפשירן lhpšyrn
ל־ l-: to; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
to make [it] tepid [but not hot].

Shabbat 3:5.a

Do not place agents with armed warriors in violent contexts.

Shabbat 3:5.b

Encrypted: As for armed warriors, or guards that were made angry with excitement, one may not place into their middle confusion agents, but one may place them into the middle of a covered operation or into the middle of a surprise operation.

Official: As for a stew-pot, or a pot that was removed while boiling, one may not place into its middle spices, but one may place them into the middle of a dish or into the middle of a charity plate.

[As for] armed warriors,
לבש lbš: clothe, put on armour, armed warrior
האלפס hˀlps
אלפס ˀlps: lopas, pan, stew-pot
[As for] a stew-pot,

or guards
גדר gdr: guarded, trained
והקדרה whqdrh
קדר qdr: pot
or a pot

that were made angry
ש־ š-: which; עבר ˁbr: become angry, become furious
שהעבירן šhˁbyrn
ש־ š-: which; עבר ˁbr: take away, remove
that was removed

[with] excitement,
מ־ m-: of; רתח rtḥ: excited, indignant, trouble, anger
מרתחין mrtḥyn
מ־ m-: of; רתח rtḥ: hot, boil over
[while] boiling,

[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place

into [their] middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכן ltwkn
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into [its] middle

confusion [agents?],
תבל tbl: mixture, confusion
תבלין tblyn
תבל tbl: spice, season
spices,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may] place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[one may] place

them
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
them

into the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of a covered [operation?]
קרה qrh: cover, close
הקערה hqˁrh
קערה qˁrh: dish, platter
of a dish

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

into the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of a surprise [operation?].
תמה tmh: astonished, stun, stupid, surprise
התמחוי htmḥwy
תמחוי tmḥwy: charity plate, tray
of a charity plate.

Shabbat 3:5.b

Shabbat 3:5.c

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: Into all contexts can they be placed, except with things where there is in them real violence or trouble.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: Into all vessels can they be placed, except with things where there is in them vinegar or brine.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Into all [contexts]
ל־ l-: to; כל kl: all
לכל lkl
ל־ l-: to; כל kl: all
Into all [vessels]

[can] they
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
[can] they

be placed,
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
be placed,

except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except

[with] things
מ־ m-: of; דבר dbr: thing
מדבר mdbr
מ־ m-: of; דבר dbr: thing
[with] things

where there is
ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
שיש šyš
ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
where there is

in them
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
in them

[real] violence
חמס ḥms: heated, passionate, insult, violence, rob
חמץ ḥmṣ
חמץ ḥmṣ: sour, vinegar
vinegar

or trouble.
צער ṣˁr: trouble; צערה ṣˁrh: distress
וציר wṣyr
ציר ṣyr: juice, brine
or brine.

Shabbat 3:5.c

Be careful when assembling commoners into troops, they’re not trained.

Shabbat 3:6.a

Encrypted: One may not put into place a crowd of laymen instead of military servants to assign into it the trouble-makers. But if one places them while they are still confused, then it is permitted.

Official: One may not place a vessel under a lamp to receive in it the oil dripping from the lamp. But if one places it while it is still day before Sabbath, then it is permitted.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

put into place
נתן ntn: assign, appoint, designate
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place

a crowd [of laymen]
קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde; קהלי qhly: layman
כלי kly
כלי kly: object, vessel
a vessel

instead of
תחת tḥt: instead of
תחת tḥt
תחת tḥt: below, under
under

[military??] servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant, physically able young man
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp

to assign
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: accept, assign
לקבל lqbl
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
to receive

into it
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
in it

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the trouble-makers [??].
שעממן šˁmmn: troublesome person; שעמום šˁmwm: idiot
השמן hšmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
the oil [dripping from the lamp?].

But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if

[one] places [them]
נתן ntn: give, place, put
נותנו nwtnw
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[one] places [it]

while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while

[they are still] confused [??],
עועים ˁwˁym: confusion
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
[it is still] day [before Sabbath],

then [it] is permitted.
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתר mtr
נתר ntr: permit, free
then [it] is permitted.

Shabbat 3:6.a

Shabbat 3:6.b

Encrypted: But it is not suitable to use any from them for actual attacks, because they are not from well prepared troops.

Official: But it is not suitable to use any from it on Sabbath, because it is not from the oil that was prepared.

But [it is] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
But [it is] not

suitable
נאות nˀwt: suitable, fit, proper
נאותין nˀwtyn
נאות nˀwt: suitable, fit, proper
suitable

[to use any] from them [for actual attacks?],
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
ממנו mmnw
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
[to use any] from it [on Sabbath?],

because
לפי lpy: according to, because
לפי lpy
לפי lpy: according to, because
because

[they are] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
[it is] not

from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from

[well] prepared [troops].
מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
המוכן hmwkn
מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
[the oil that] was prepared.

Shabbat 3:6.b

For wars, use new troops, not old ones.

Shabbat 3:6.c

Encrypted: As for confusing the servants for war, one should use new troops, but not old experienced ones.

Official: As for moving a lamp on Sabbath, one may move a new lamp, but not an old one.

[As for] confusing
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: unsteady, confuse
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
[As for] moving

the servants [for war],
נער nˁr: boy, servant
נר nr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp [on Sabbath],

[one should use] new [troops],
חדש ḥdš: new
חדש ḥdš
חדש ḥdš: new
[one may move] a new [lamp],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

old [experienced?] ones.
ישן yšn: old
ישן yšn
ישן yšn: old
an old one.

Shabbat 3:6.c

Shabbat 3:6.d

Encrypted: Lord Simeon says: All servants can be confused for a new war, except for servants that were kindled before for war and know actual war.

Official: Rabbi Simeon says: All lamps may be moved even old ones, except for a lamp that was kindled on Sabbath.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
Simeon

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All

servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנרות hnrwt
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
lamps

[can] be confused [for a new war?],
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: unsteady, confuse
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
[may] be moved [even old ones],

except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except

for
מן mn: of, from
מן mn
מן mn: of, from
for

servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp

that were kindled [before]
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
הדולק hdwlq
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
that was kindled

for war [and know actual war?].
ב־ b-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 3:6.d

One can assemble the angriest commoners into special troops.

Shabbat 3:6.e

Encrypted: One may assign a crowd of laymen instead of military servants to specially assign the angry ones to get rid of them, but one may not place in their middle important people, because they could be extinguished.

Official: One may place a vessel under a lamp to receive blazing sparks from the lamp, but one may not place in its middle water, because it would extinguish the sparks.

[One may] assign
נתן ntn: assign, appoint, designate
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
[One may] place

a crowd [of laymen]
קהל qhl: multitude, crowd, horde; קהלי qhly: layman
כלי kly
כלי kly: object, vessel
a vessel

instead of
תחת tḥt: instead of
תחת tḥt
תחת tḥt: below, under
under

[military??] servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant, physically able young man
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp

to [specially] assign
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: accept, assign
לקבל lqbl
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
to receive

the angry [ones to get rid of them?],
נאץ nˀṣ: angry, bold, indignant
ניצוצות nyṣwṣwt
נצץ nṣṣ: blossom, blaze
blazing [sparks from the lamp],

but [one may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
but [one may] not

place
נתן ntn: give, place, put
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
place

in [their] middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: press, oppression, suffer
לתוכו ltwkw
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in [its] middle

[important?] people,
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

they
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
it

[could] be extinguished.
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
מכבה mkbh
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
[would] extinguish [the sparks].

Shabbat 3:6.e

Concealing one’s motives in war

One cannot conceal the motives of a war with mere words.

Shabbat 4:1.a

Encrypted: With what may one conceal one’s motives in a war and with what may one not conceal them? One may not conceal them with these: Not with mere talk, not with mere rubbish, not with mere speech, not with mere whitewashing, not with mere foolery, whether fresh or dull.

Official: With what may one preserve heat and with what may one not preserve heat? One may not preserve heat with these: Not with turf, not with dung, not with salt, not with plaster, not with sand, whether moist or dry.

With what [may one]
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
במה bmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
With what [may one]

conceal [one’s motives in a war]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
preserve [heat]

and with what [may one]
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
and with what [may one]

not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
not

conceal [them]?
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
preserve [heat]?

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

conceal [them with these]:
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
preserve [heat with these]:

Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not

with [mere] talk,
ב־ b-: with; גבבת gbbt: loquacity, worthless talk, trash
בגפת bgpt
ב־ b-: with; גפת gpt: peat, turf
with turf,

not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [mere] rubbish,
ב־ b-: with; זבל zbl: shit; זבלא zblˀ: rubbish
בזבל bzbl
ב־ b-: with; זבל zbl: dung, manure
with dung,

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [mere] speech,
ב־ b-: with; מלה mlh: word, speech
במלח bmlḥ
ב־ b-: with; מלח mlḥ: salt
with salt,

not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [mere] whitewashing,
ב־ b-: with; סידא sydˀ: plaster, whitewash
בסיד bsyd
ב־ b-: with; סידא sydˀ: plaster
with plaster,

not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [mere] foolery,
ב־ b-: with; הלל hll: fool, foolish
בחל bḥl
ב־ b-: with; חל ḥl: sand
with sand,

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

fresh
לח lḥ: fresh, new
לחים lḥym
לח lḥ: moist
moist

or
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
or

dull.
יבש ybš: dry, boring, dull
יבשים ybšym
יבש ybš: dry
dry.

Shabbat 4:1.a

One can conceal the motives of a war only with very robust mockery.

Shabbat 4:1.b

Encrypted: Also not with mere pretense, not with mere presentations, not with mere mockery, not with mere forgery, even in a time when it is fresh. But one can conceal one’s motives in a war with them when they are really irrefutable.

Official: Also not with straw, not with the pomace of grapes, not with hackled wool, not with grass in a time when it is moist. But one may preserve heat with them when they are dry.

[Also] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[Also] not

with [mere] pretense,
ב־ b-: with; תבען tbˁn: clamorer, pretender
בתבן btbn
ב־ b-: with; תבן tbn: stubble, straw
with straw,

not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [mere] presentations,
ב־ b-: with; יצג yṣg: present, represent
בזגים bzgym
ב־ b-: with; זג zg: pomace of grapes
with the pomace of grapes [???],

not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [mere] mockery,
ב־ b-: with; מוק mwq: soft, sneer, mock
במוכים bmwkym
ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: hackled wool, soft substance
with hackled wool [???],

not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [mere] forgery,
ב־ b-: with; זיף zyp: forgery, counterfeit
בעשבים bˁšbym
ב־ b-: with; עשב ˁšb: herb, grass
with grass

[even] in a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
in a time

when it
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
when it

is fresh.
לח lḥ: fresh, new
לחים lḥym
לח lḥ: moist
is moist.

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

[one can] conceal [one’s motives in a war]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
[one may] preserve [heat]

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

when they
כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
כשהן kšhn
כ־ k-: as; ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
when they

are [really] irrefutable.
יצב yṣb: validate, certain; יציב yṣyb: irrefutable, well-established
יבשין ybšyn
יבש ybš: dry
are dry.

Shabbat 4:1.b

One needs secret agents & hoaxes, either subtle or huge.

Shabbat 4:1.c

Encrypted: One can conceal one’s motives in a war with a cover-up, and with a mask, and with the cover of a hoax, and with the secrecy of secret agents, and with a stirring of the ordinary folk that is subtle.

Official: One may preserve heat with cloth, with produce, with the wings of a dove, with the sawdust of a carpenter, and with shaken-off chaff of flax that is fine.

[One can] conceal [one’s motives in a war]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
[One may] preserve [heat]

with a cover-up,
ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: secretly, conceal, cover, hide
בכסות bkswt
ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: clothe oneself
with cloth,

and with a mask,
ב־ b-: with; אפר ˀpr: bandage, cover, mask
ובפרות wbprwt
ב־ b-: with; פרי pry: fruit, produce
with produce,

and with the cover
ב־ b-: with; כנף knp: cover, hidden
בכנפי bknpy
ב־ b-: with; כנף knp: wing
with the wings [??]

of a hoax,
אונאה ˀwnˀh: deception, fraudulent representation, hoax
יונה ywnh
יונה ywnh: dove
of a dove [???],

and with the secrecy
ב־ b-: with; נצר nṣr: watch, guard, keep secret
ובנסרת wbnsrt
ב־ b-: with; נסר nsr: saw
with the sawdust

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

secret [agents],
חרש ḥrš: silent, silently, secretly
חרשים ḥršym
חרש ḥrš: artisan, carpenter
a carpenter,

and with a stirring
ב־ b-: with; נער nˁr: shake, stir
ובנערת wbnˁrt
ב־ b-: with; נער nˁr: shake off
and with shaken-off [chaff]

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the ordinary [folk]
פשוט pšwṭ: simple, ordinary, usual
פשתן pštn
פשתה pšth: flax, linen
flax

that is subtle.
דקדוק dqdwq: subtlety, fine point
דקה dqh
דק dq: thin, fine
that is fine.

Shabbat 4:1.c

Shabbat 4:1.d

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah prohibits it with too subtle hoaxes, but permits it with huge ones.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah prohibits it with fine chaff, but permits it with coarse chaff.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

prohibits [it]
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אוסר ˀwsr
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
prohibits [it]

with [too] subtle [hoaxes],
ב־ b-: with; דקדוק dqdwq: subtlety, fine point
בדקה bdqh
ב־ b-: with; דק dq: thin, fine
with fine [chaff],

but permits [it]
נתר ntr: free, permit
ומתיר wmtyr
נתר ntr: free, permit
but permits [it]

with huge [ones].
ב־ b-: with; גס gs: huge, large
בגסה bgsh
ב־ b-: with; גס gs: coarse
with coarse [chaff].

Shabbat 4:1.d

One can let loose troops or marauders, though they are hard to remove.

Shabbat 4:2.a

Encrypted: One can conceal one’s motives in a war with secretly dispatched troops, and can easily remove them. Also with marauders that are let loose, but one can not easily remove them.

Official: One may preserve heat with animal skins, and may even move them. Also with fleeces of wool, but one may not move them.

[One can] conceal [one’s motives in a war]
טמן ṭmn: conceal, hide one’s self
טומנין ṭwmnyn
טמן ṭmn: store away, preserve
[One may] preserve [heat]

with [secretly?] dispatched [troops],
ב־ b-: with; שלח šlḥ: send off, dispatch; שלוח šlwḥ: messenger
בשלחין bšlḥyn
ב־ b-: with; שלח šlḥ: hide, skin
with [animal] skins,

and [can easily] remove
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
ומטלטלין wmṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
and [may even] move

them.
אות ˀwt: this one
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: this one
them.

[Also] with marauders
ב־ b-: with; גיסא gysˀ: troop, robber, marauder, looter
בגזי bgzy
ב־ b-: with; גז gz: shorn wool, fleece
[Also] with fleeces

that are let loose,
שמר šmr: let loose
צמר ṣmr
צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
of wool,

but [one can] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
but [one may] not

[easily] remove
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
move

them.
אות ˀwt: this one
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: this one
them.

Shabbat 4:2.a

Shabbat 4:2.b

Encrypted: Then how does one act? One removes their protection, and they will fall by themselves.

Official: Then how does one act? One removes the cover of the vessel, and they will fall down by themselves.

[Then] how
כיצד kyṣd: how
כיצד kyṣd
כיצד kyṣd: how
[Then] how

[does] one
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
[does] one

act?
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עושה ˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
act?

[One] removes
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[One] removes

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[their] protection,
כסי ksy: protect, protected
הכסוי hkswy
כסי ksy: cover
the cover [of the vessel],

and they
הן hn: they
והן whn
הן hn: they
and they

[will] fall [by themselves].
נפל npl: fell, defeat
נופלות nwplwt
נפל npl: fall
[will] fall down [by themselves].

Shabbat 4:2.b

Shabbat 4:2.c

Encrypted: Lord Eleazar ben Azariah says: The subduing of the marauders must also happen upon an arranged removal, lest they would be removed completely and one would not be able to restore them as needed. And the advisors say: One can always remove them and restore them.

Official: Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah says: The basket must be tilted downwards on the side to remove the cover, lest the wool would be removed too, and one would not be able to return it. And the advisors say: One may remove it and return it.

Lord
רבי rby: rabbi
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
Eleazar ben Azariah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

The subduing of [the marauders]
כפה kph: subdue, force, compel
קפה qph
קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
The basket [?]

[must also] happen [?]
מטה mṭh: reach, arrive at, happen to
מטה mṭh
מטה mṭh: downward, down
[must be tilted?] downwards

upon
על ˁl: on, upon
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, upon
on

an arranged
צדד ṣdd: side with, move aside, arrange
צדה ṣdh
צד ṣd: side, border
the side

removal,
נטל nṭl: move, remove
ונוטל wnwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
to remove [the cover],

lest
שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
שמא šmˀ
שמא šmˀ: lest, perhaps
lest

[they would] be removed [completely]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
יטל yṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[the wool would] be removed [too],

and [one would] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואינו wˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [one would] not

be able
יכל ykl: can, able
יכל ykl
יכל ykl: can, able
be able

to restore [them as needed].
ל־ l-: to; חזר ḥzr: go back, return, restore
להחזיר lhḥzyr
ל־ l-: to; חזר ḥzr: go back, return, restore
to return [it].

And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One can always] remove [them]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[One may] remove [it]

and restore [them].
מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: go back, return, restore
ומחזיר wmḥzyr
מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: go back, return, restore
and return [it].

Shabbat 4:2.c

One should conceal the truth before a war, but can still fool the subjects later.

Shabbat 4:2.d

Encrypted: If one did not conceal the truth while it is time before a war, then one can not easily conceal it starting from after times get darker. But if one concealed the truth in time and it was uncovered, then one is permitted to conceal it again. One can always speak to the common populace and exchange it for other things instead of actual occurrences or instead of the truth.

Official: If one did not cover a vessel while it is day before Sabbath, then one may not cover it starting from after it gets dark. But if one covered the vessel in time and uncovered it, then one is permitted to cover it again on Sabbath. One may also fill a jug and place it below a pillow or below a cushion.

[If one did?] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[If one did?] not

conceal [the truth]
כסה ksh: hide, conceal
כסהו kshw
כסה ksh: cover
cover [a vessel]

while
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
מבעוד mbˁwd
מ־ m-: of, from; בעוד bˁwd: after, while
while

[it is] time [before a war],
יום ywm: time
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
[it is] day [before Sabbath],

[then one can] not [easily]
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[then one may] not

conceal [it]
כסה ksh: hide, conceal
יכסנו yksnw
כסה ksh: cover
cover [it]

[starting] from [after times get] darker.
מ־ m-: from; ש־ š-: make; חשך ḥšk: darken, obscure
משתחשך mštḥšk
מ־ m-: from; ש־ š-: make; חשך ḥšk: darkness, darken
[starting] from [after it gets] dark.

[But if one] concealed [the truth in time?]
כסה ksh: hide, conceal
כסהו kshw
כסה ksh: cover
[But if one] covered [the vessel in time?]

and [it] was uncovered,
נ־ n-: make; גלה glh: reveal, expose
ונתגלה wntglh
נ־ n-: make; גלה glh: uncover
and uncovered [it],

[then one] is permitted
נתר ntr: free, permit
מתר mtr
נתר ntr: free, permit
[then one] is permitted

to conceal [it again].
ל־ l-: to; כסה ksh: hide, conceal
לכסותו lkswtw
ל־ l-: to; כסה ksh: cover
to cover [it again on Sabbath].

[One can always] speak
מ־ m-: of; מללא mllˀ: word, speech
ממלא mmlˀ
מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: fill
[One may also] fill

to
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the common populace
קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
הקיתון hqytwn
קיתון qytwn: kothon, jug, cup
a jug

and exchange [it for other things]
נתן ntn: show, display, exchange for
ונותן wnwtn
נתן ntn: give, place, put
and place [it]

instead of
ל־ l-: to; תחת tḥt: instead of, in place of
לתחת ltḥt
ל־ l-: to; תחת tḥt: below, under
below

[actual] occurrences
קרה qrh: occur, happen
הכר hkr
כר kr: pillow
a pillow

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

instead of
תחת tḥt: instead of, in place of
תחת tḥt
תחת tḥt: below, under
below

the truth.
קשט qšṭ: correct, true, truth
הכסת hkst
כסת kst: pillow, cushion
a cushion.

Shabbat 4:2.d

Placing nobles with the right troops

In war, rulers must be surrounded by softies, gay playmates and sycophants.

Shabbat 5:1.a

Encrypted: With which servants should a ruler personally go out, and with which should one not personally go out for war? A ruler may personally go out with kind people with a good temper, and innocent people with restraint, and homosexual pathics with a well bridled attitude, and flatterers with sycophantic attitude.

Official: With which animals may one go out, and with which may one not go out on Sabbath? One may go out with a camel with a halter, and a female camel with a muzzle, and a Lybian ass with a bridle, and a horse with a chain.

With which
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
במה bmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
With which

servants
בהם bhm: dumb, servants
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
animals

[should a ruler personally] go out,
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may one] go out,

and with which
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
and with which

[should one] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינה ˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
[may one] not

[personally] go out [for war]?
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out
go out [on Sabbath]?

[A ruler may personally] go out with
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצא ywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[One may] go out with

kind [people]
גמל gml: do good, be kind
הגמל hgml
גמל gml: camel
a camel

with a [good] temper,
ב־ b-: with; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
באפסר bˀpsr
ב־ b-: with; אפסר ˀpsr: halter, tether
with a halter,

and innocent [people]
נקה nqh: clean, innocent
ונאקה wnˀqh
נאקה nˀqh: female camel
and a female camel [?]

with restraint,
ב־ b-: with; חטם ḥṭm: hold, restrain
בחטם bḥṭm
ב־ b-: with; חטם ḥṭm: muzzle
with a muzzle,

and homosexual pathics
ל־ l-: belonging to; פהדיקא phdyqˀ: pathic, homosexual
ולבדקיס wlbdqys
לבדקין lbdqyn: Libyan asses
and a Lybian ass [???]

with a [well] bridled [attitude],
ב־ b-: with; פרומביא prwmbyˀ: phorbeia, halter, bridle
בפרמביא bprmbyˀ
ב־ b-: with; פרומביא prwmbyˀ: phorbeia, halter, bridle
with a bridle,

and flatterers
סוסי swsy: fondle, flatter; שוש šwš: flatter; שויש šwyš: flattery
וסוס wsws
סוס sws: horse
and a horse

with sycophantic [attitude].
ב־ b-: with; שירו šyrw: flatterer, sycophant
בשיר bšyr
ב־ b-: with; שיר šyr: chain
with a chain.

Shabbat 5:1.a

Sexually promiscuous troops can be easily controlled and enjoyed.

Shabbat 5:1.b

Encrypted: And generally all people with on them sexual promiscuity may go out with the ruler with their promiscuous attitude and can be seduced with their promiscuity. And one can even use seduction on them and immerse oneself in their bodies.

Official: And generally all animals with on them a chain may go out with the chain and can be pulled with the chain. And one may also sprinkle holy water on them the chains and immerse them in holy water in the animal’s place.

And [generally] all [people]
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
And [generally] all [animals]

with on [them]
ב־ b-: with; על ˁl: on, upon
בעלי bˁly
ב־ b-: with; על ˁl: on, upon
with on [them]

sexual promiscuity [??]
שרי šry: free, unrestrained, loosened; שריא šryˀ: sexually promiscuous
השיר hšyr
שיר šyr: chain
a chain

[may] go out [with the ruler]
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאים ywṣˀym
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may] go out

with [their] promiscuous [attitude]
ב־ b-: with; שרי šry: free, unrestrained, loosened; שריא šryˀ: sexually promiscuous
בשיר bšyr
ב־ b-: with; שיר šyr: chain
with the chain

and [can] be seduced
נ־ n-: make; משך mšk: attract, carried away, seduced; ממשך mmšk: bait
ונמשכים wnmškym
נ־ n-: make; משך mšk: draw, pull
and [can] be pulled

with [their] promiscuity [??].
ב־ b-: with; שרי šry: free, unrestrained, loosened; שריא šryˀ: sexually promiscuous
בשיר bšyr
ב־ b-: with; שיר šyr: chain
with the chain.

And [one can even use] seduction [??]
מ־ m-: of; נזא nzˀ: coquetry, flirting, seduction
ומזין wmzyn
מ־ m-: of; נזי nzy: sprinkle
And [one may also] sprinkle [holy water?]

on them
על ˁl: on, upon; הן hn: they
עליהן ˁlyhn
על ˁl: on, upon; הן hn: they
on them [the chains?]

and immerse [oneself??]
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
וטובלין wṭwblyn
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
and immerse [them in holy water?]

in [their] bodies [??].
ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; קומה qwmh: stature, body
במקומן bmqwmn
ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; קום qwm: place
in [the animal’s?] place.

Shabbat 5:1.b

All dangerous soldiers must be securely bound to the mockery.

Shabbat 5:2.a

Encrypted: An important person may only go out for war with very obedient personnel, in preparation it must be bound to him. The too masculine ones may only go out with him securely tied, common footsoldiers may only go out with him separated off, securely bound and fastened. The insolent ones may only go out with him securely bound.

Official: A donkey may only go out with a wrapper, in preparation it must be bound to it the donkey. Rams may only go out securely tied, ewes may go out uncovered, securely bound or fastened. Goats may only go out securely bound.

An important [person]
חמור ḥmwr: heavy, weighty, important
חמור ḥmwr
חמור ḥmwr: donkey
A donkey

[may only] go out [for war]
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצא ywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may only] go out

with [very] obedient [personnel],
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדע rdˁ: obey, restrain oneself; רדי rdy: subjugate
במרדעת bmrdˁt
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדיד rdyd: large veil, wide wrapper
with a wrapper [???],

in preparation
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: prepare, arrange
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: prepare, arrange
in preparation

it
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
it

[must] be bound
קשר qšr: bind, tie
קשורה qšwrh
קשר qšr: bind, tie
[must] be bound

to him.
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to it [the donkey].

The [too] masculine [ones?]
זכר zkr: male, masculine
זכרים zkrym
זכר zkr: ram
Rams

[may only] go out [with him]
יצא yṣˀ: appear, present, be identified
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may only] go out

[securely] tied,
לבב lbb: join closely, tie, tied around
לבובין lbwbyn
לבב lbb: join closely, tie, tied around
[securely] tied,

[common] footsoldiers
רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
רחלות rḥlwt
רחל rḥl: ewe
ewes

[may only] go out [with him]
יצא yṣˀ: appear, present, be identified
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may] go out

separated off [??],
שחץ šḥṣ: divide off, separate
שחוזות šḥwzwt
שחז šḥz: expose to sight, uncover
uncovered [?],

[securely] bound
כבל kbl: bound, tied, chained
כבולות kbwlwt
כבל kbl: bound, tied, chained
[securely] bound

and fastened.
כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
וכבונות wkbwnwt
כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
or fastened.

The insolent [ones]
עז ˁz: strong, rough, insolent
העזים hˁzym
עז ˁz: goat
Goats

[may only] go out [with him]
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may only] go out

[securely] bound.
צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
צרורות ṣrwrwt
צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
[securely] bound.

Shabbat 5:2.a

Shabbat 5:2.b

Encrypted: Rabbi Yose prohibits going out with all, except with common footsoldiers that are securely fastened. Lord Yehudah says: Insolent soldiers may only go out securely bound to the confounding, but they must not pierce through it.

Official: Rabbi Yose prohibits going out with all, except with ewes that are securely fastened. Rabbi Yehudah says: Goats may only go out securely bound to have dry udders, but they may not have milk.

Rabbi
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

prohibits [going out]
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אוסר ˀwsr
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
prohibits [going out]

with all,
ב־ b-: with; כלן kln: all
בכלן bkln
ב־ b-: with; כלן kln: all
with all,

except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except

[with]
מן mn: from, of
מן mn
מן mn: from, of
[with]

[common] footsoldiers
רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
הרחלין hrḥlyn
רחל rḥl: ewe
ewes

[that are securely] fastened.
כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
הכבונות hkbwnwt
כבן kbn: clasped, fastened, wrapped
[that are securely] fastened.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Insolent [soldiers]
עז ˁz: strong, rough, insolent
עזים ˁzym
עז ˁz: goat
Goats

[may only] go out
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out
[may only] go out

[securely] bound
צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
צרורות ṣrwrwt
צרר ṣrr: bound, tied up, wrapped
[securely] bound

to the confounding,
בוש / יבוש bwš / ybwš: insult, shame, confound; בסיא bsyˀ: mock
ליבש lybš
ל־ l-: to; יבש ybš: dry; יבוש ybwš: drying
to [have] dry [udders???],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[they must] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[they may] not

pierce [through it].
ל־ l-: to; חלף ḥlp: pierce, peel
לחלב lḥlb
ל־ l-: to; חלב ḥlb: milk
[have] milk [???].

Shabbat 5:2.b

One mustn’t include trained & experienced troops in the mock performances.

Shabbat 5:3.a

Encrypted: And with what may one not go out for war? One may not go out with fully developed soldiers for the theatrical mock performances, not when they are kindled for war and not when they are too well trained & familiar with actual war. And thus with the rest of all human cattle servants.

Official: And with what animals may one not go out? One may not go out with a camel with its cushion pad on, not when it is tied and not with its legs tied. And thus with the rest of all animals.

And with what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
And with what [animals]

[may one] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינה ˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
[may one] not

go out [for war]?
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out
go out?

[One may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[One may] not

go out
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out
go out

[with] fully developed [soldiers]
גמל gml: ripen, fully developed
גמל gml
גמל gml: camel
[with] a camel

for the theatrical [mock] performances,
ב־ b-: with; מתולותא mtwlwtˀ: performance, theatrical play
במטוטלת bmṭwṭlt
ב־ b-: with; מטוטלת mṭwṭlt: pad, cushion
with [its] cushion pad [on],

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

[when they] are kindled [for war]
יקד yqd: kindled
עקוד ˁqwd
עקד ˁqd: tie, tied
[when it] is tied

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[when they] are [too well] trained & familiar [with actual war].
רגל rgl: trained, accustomed to, used to, familiar with
רגול rgwl
רגל rgl: foot, leg
[with its] legs [tied?].

And thus
כן kn: thus, so
וכן wkn
כן kn: thus, so
And thus

[with] the rest
שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
שאר šˀr
שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
[with] the rest

of all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
of all

[human] cattle servants.
בהם bhm: dumb, servants
הבהמות hbhmwt
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
animals.

Shabbat 5:3.a

One mustn’t put too many experienced soldiers together, only the fools.

Shabbat 5:3.b

Encrypted: One may not bind fully developed soldiers this one with that one, and just pull the lead soldier. But one may gather all the fools in the middle of one’s hand and pull them at the same time, on the condition that they’re not all incited.

Official: One may not bind the camels this one with that one, and just pull the lead camel. But one may gather the ropes for all camels in the middle of one’s hand and pull them at the same time, on the condition that they’re not all twined around each other.

[One may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[One may] not

bind
קשר qšr: bind, tie
יקשר yqšr
קשר qšr: bind, tie
bind

fully developed [soldiers]
גמל gml: ripen, fully developed
גמלים gmlym
גמל gml: camel
the camels

this [one]
זה zh: this, that
זה zh
זה zh: this, that
this [one]

with that [one],
ב־ b-: with; זה zh: this, that
בזה bzh
ב־ b-: with; זה zh: this, that
with that [one],

and [just] pull [the lead soldier?].
משך mšk: draw, pull
וימשך wymšk
משך mšk: draw, pull
and [just] pull [the lead camel?].

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

[one may] gather
מ־ m-: of; כנס kns: gather
מכניס mknys
מ־ m-: of; כנס kns: gather
[one may] gather

[all] the fools
הבל hbl: become vain, act foolishly
חבלים ḥblym
חבל ḥbl: rope, cord
the ropes [for all camels?]

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in the middle

of [one’s] hand
יד yd: hand
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand
of [one’s] hand

and pull [them at the same time?],
משך mšk: draw, pull
וימשך wymšk
משך mšk: draw, pull
and pull [them at the same time?],

on the condition that
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
on the condition that

[they’re] not [all]
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
[they’re] not [all]

incited [?].
גרג grg: arouse, incite
יכרך ykrk
כרך krk: wrap, twine around
twined around [each other??].

Shabbat 5:3.b

Rulers must be careful even with obedient personnel and playmates.

Shabbat 5:4.a

Encrypted: Not may an important person go out for war even with obedient personnel, at a time when they are not bound to him, and not even with common-birth sex partners, even though he can always babble nonsense to them.

Official: Not may a donkey go out with a wrapper at a time when it is not bound to it, and not with a bell, even though it can be stopped up.

[Not] may
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[Not] may

an important [person]
חמור ḥmwr: heavy, weighty, important
חמור ḥmwr
חמור ḥmwr: donkey
a donkey

go out [for war]
יצא yṣˀ: go out
יוצא ywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out
go out

[even] with obedient [personnel],
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדע rdˁ: obey, restrain oneself; רדי rdy: subjugate
במרדעת bmrdˁt
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; רדיד rdyd: large veil, wide wrapper
with a wrapper [???]

at a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
at a time

when [they are] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינה šˀynh
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
when [it is] not

bound
קשר qšr: bind, tie
קשורה qšwrh
קשר qšr: bind, tie
bound

to him,
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to it,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[even] with [common-birth] sex partners,
ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: mate, copulate, have sexual relations
בזוג bzwg
ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: bell
with a bell,

even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
even though

he
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
it

[can always] babble nonsense [to them].
פקק pqq: babble nonsense
פקוק pqwq
פקק pqq: stop up
[can] be stopped up.

Shabbat 5:4.a

Shabbat 5:4.b

Encrypted: And not even with normally peaceful people when they have become hostile, and not even with tame people when they have become actual soldiers,

Official: And not with a ladder which hangs on its neck, and not with a strap which is bound on its leg,

And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not

[even] with [normally] peaceful [people]
ב־ b-: with; שלם šlm: peaceful, friendly
בסלם bslm
ב־ b-: with; סלם slm: ladder
with a ladder

when [they have become] hostile,
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: when; צור ṣwr: show hostility, treat as a foe
שבצוארו šbṣwˀrw
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; צור ṣwr: neck
which [hangs] on [its] neck,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[even] with tame [people]
ב־ b-: with; רעץ rˁṣ: broken, tamed
ברצועה brṣwˁh
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with a strap

when [they have become actual] soldiers,
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: when; רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
שברגלו šbrglw
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; רגל rgl: foot, leg
which [is bound] on [its] leg,

Shabbat 5:4.b

Gay sex in the army

Homosexuals must not come out with their practices among the troops.

Shabbat 5:4.c

Encrypted: And not may gay people come out publicly with their flirting, and not with their love among the soldiers. And not may masculine ones come out with his lust under among the troops of them.

Official: And not may a rooster go out with a thread, and not with a strap on its legs. And not may a fat-tailed ram go out with a cart under the fat tail of them.

And not [may]
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And not [may]

gay [people]
תרנגא trngˀ: merriment, joy, gaity
התרנגולין htrngwlyn
תרנגל trngl: rooster
a rooster

come out [publicly]
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out

with their flirting,
ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
בחוטין bḥwṭyn
ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
with a thread,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with [their] love
ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
ברצועות brṣwˁwt
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with a strap

among the soldiers.
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
שברגליהם šbrglyhm
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; רגל rgl: foot, leg
on its legs.

And not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And not

[may] masculine [ones]
זכר zkr: male, masculine
הזכרים hzkrym
זכר zkr: ram
[may] a [fat-tailed] ram

come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out

with [his] lust
ב־ b-: with; עגלה ˁglh: cart, carriage
בעגלה bˁglh
ב־ b-: with; עגלה ˁglh: cart, carriage
with a cart [?]

under [among]
ש־ š-: which; תחת tḥt: below, under
שתחת štḥt
ש־ š-: which; תחת tḥt: below, under
under

the troops
יהלא yhlˀ: band, troop, squad
האליה hˀlyh
אליה ˀlyh: tail, fat-tail
the fat tail

of them.
של šl: belonging to, of; הן hn: they
שלהן šlhn
של šl: belonging to, of; הן hn: they
of them.

Shabbat 5:4.c

Shabbat 5:4.d

Encrypted: And not may a soldier come out with sexual favors. And not may a lusty one come out with fellation. And not a sexually unrestrained one with being exposed while bending over. And not with their love among the servant troops.

Official: And not may a ewe go out with their genitalia showing. And not may a calf go out bent by a yoke. And not a cow with the skin of a boar. And not with a strap between its horns.

And not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And not

[may] a soldier
רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
הרחלים hrḥlym
רחל rḥl: ewe
[may] a ewe

come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out

with [sexual] favors.
חנן ḥnn: caress, favor; חן ḥn: loveliness, coquette
חנונות ḥnwnwt
חן ḥn: bosom, genitalia
[with their] genitalia [showing??].

And not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And not

[may] a lusty [one]
גהיל ghyl: lusty, libidinous; גהלא ghlˀ: amorous
העגל hˁgl
עגל ˁgl: calf
[may] a calf

come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצא ywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out

with fellation [??].
ב־ b-: with; גמע gmˁ: sink into, immerse, swallow, give to drink
בגימון bgymwn
ב־ b-: with; גום gwm: bent, joint
bent [by a yoke?].

And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not

a [sexually] unrestrained [one]
פרע prˁ: loosen, unrestrained, make naked
פרה prh
פרה prh: cow
a cow

with being exposed
ב־ b-: with; עור ˁwr: bared, exposed
בעור bˁwr
ב־ b-: with; עור ˁwr: skin, hide
with the skin

[while] bending over [???].
כפר kpr: rub, bend, arch over
הקפר hqpr
קפר qpr: boar
of a boar [???].

And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not

with [their] love
ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
ברצועה brṣwˁh
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with a strap

among
ש־ š-: which; בין byn: among
שבין šbyn
ש־ š-: which; בין byn: between
between

the servant [troops].
גרעון grˁwn: boy, servant
קרניה qrnyh
קרן qrn: horn
its horns [?].

Shabbat 5:4.d

Shabbat 5:4.e

Encrypted: A sexually unrestrained follower of lord Eleazar ben Azariah had once been coming out with his love among the servant troops, which was not among the accepted forms of intercourse there.

Official: A cow of rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah had once been going out with a strap between its horns, which was not in the will of the advisors.

A [sexually] unrestrained [follower]
פרע prˁ: loosen, unrestrained, make naked
פרתו prtw
פרה prh: cow
A cow

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

lord
רבי rby: rabbi
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
Eleazar ben Azariah

had [once] been
היה hyh: be
היתה hyth
היה hyh: be
had [once] been

coming out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
going out

with [his] love
ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
ברצועה brṣwˁh
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with a strap

among
ש־ š-: which; בין byn: among
שבין šbyn
ש־ š-: which; בין byn: between
between

the servant [troops],
גרעון grˁwn: boy, servant
קרניה qrnyh
קרן qrn: horn
its horns,

which [was] not
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
which [was] not

among the accepted
ב־ b-: among; רצון rṣwn: acceptance, favor
ברצון brṣwn
ב־ b-: in; רצון rṣwn: will, wish
in the will

[forms of] intercourse [there].
חכומי ḥkwmy: coitus; חכומו ḥkwmw: carnal intercourse
חכמים ḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
of the advisors.

Shabbat 5:4.e

Gay lords mustn’t seduce common soldiers, but only gay or easily abusable troops.

Shabbat 6:1.a

Encrypted: With what may a lord come out in war, and with what may he not come out? Not may come out a lord with these: Not with seducing common guards, and not with seducing any ordinary soldier, and not with any love on a common-birth leader.

Official: With what may a woman go out on Sabbath, and with what may she not go out? Not may go out a woman with these: Not with a strap of wool, and not with a strap of flax, and not with any strap on her head.

With what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
במה bmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
With what

[may] a lord
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
אשה ˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
[may] a woman

come out [in war],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out [on Sabbath],

and with what
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
ובמה wbmh
ב־ b-: with; מה mh: what
and with what

[may he] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינה ˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
[may she] not

come out?
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out?

Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not

[may] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
תצא tṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[may] go out

a lord [with these]:
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
אשה ˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
a woman [with these]:

Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not

with seducing
ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
בחוטי bḥwṭy
ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
with a strap

[common] guards,
שמר šmr: watch, guard; שומר šwmr: watchman
צמר ṣmr
צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
of wool,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with seducing
ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
בחוטי bḥwṭy
ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
with a strap

[any] ordinary [soldier],
פשוט pšwṭ: simple, ordinary, usual
פשתן pštn
פשתה pšth: flax, linen
of flax,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with any love
ב־ b-: with; רצה rṣh: love, satisfy, desire
ברצועות brṣwˁwt
ב־ b-: with; רצועה rṣwˁh: strap
with [any] strap

on a [common-birth] leader.
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: chief, leader
שבראשה šbrˀšh
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: head
on her head.

Shabbat 6:1.a

Shabbat 6:1.b

Encrypted: And not may he immerse himself with them until he has thoroughly confused them. Not with knocking them up, and not with inserting in them, at a time when they are not closely joined to him. And not with intimately kneading them, in the domain public.

Official: And not may she immerse herself with them until she makes them disappear by taking them off. Not with a forehead ornament, and not with a headdress, at a time when they are not sewn to her clothing. And not with a hair-net into the domain public.

And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not

[may he] immerse himself
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
תטבל tṭbl
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
[may she] immerse herself

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

until
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
until

he has [thoroughly] confused them.
ש־ š-: make; טרף ṭrp: mix, confuse; טירוף ṭyrwp: confusion, distraction, trouble
שתרפם štrpm
ש־ š-: make; תרף trp: disappear; ־ם -m: them
she makes them disappear [by taking them off].

Not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not

with knocking [them] up,
ב־ b-: with; תפף tpp: join, strike, knock; ־ת -t: (suffix)
בטטפת bṭṭpt
ב־ b-: with; טוטפת ṭwṭpt: ornament on forehead
with a forehead ornament,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with inserting [in them],
ב־ b-: with; סנף snp: insert
בסנבוטין bsnbwṭyn
ב־ b-: with; סנבוטין snbwṭyn: headdress
with a headdress,

at a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
at a time

when they are not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינן šˀynn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
when they are not

[closely] joined [to him].
תפר tpr: sew together, join
תפורין tpwryn
תפר tpr: stitch, sew
sewn [to her clothing].

And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not

with [intimately] kneading [them],
ב־ b-: with; גבול gbwl: kneading, mixing
בכבול bkbwl
ב־ b-: with; כבול kbwl: hair-net
with a hair-net

in the domain
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
לרשות lršwt
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
into the domain

public.
רבים rbym: many people, public
הרבים hrbym
רבים rbym: many people, public
public.

Shabbat 6:1.b

Shabbat 6:1.c

Encrypted: And especially not with sexual stimulation of the inciting kind, and not with pressing together, and not with obscenities, and not even with desires which do not use in them the male organ, and not even with seduction which does not involve perforation of the bodily orifices.

Official: And not with jewelry from the city of gold, and not with necklaces, and not with earrings, and not with a seal ring which does not on it a seal, and not with a hair needle which has no that is actually perforated,

And [especially] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
And not

with sexual stimulation
ב־ b-: with; ערי ˁry: stir up, stimulate, excite the sexual organ by contact, intermix, come into intimate contact
בעיר bˁyr
ב־ b-: with; עיר ˁyr: city
with [jewelry from??] the city

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the inciting [kind],
זוחף zwḥp: incitement, emotion
זהב zhb
זהב zhb: gold
gold [??],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with pressing together [??],
ב־ b-: with; כותל kwtl: press together; כתלונא ktlwnˀ: entangle
בקטלא bqṭlˀ
ב־ b-: with; קטלא qṭlˀ: catella, necklace
with necklaces,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with obscenities,
נ־ n-: make; זמם zmm: filthy; זמה zmh: obscenity, libidiousness, carnality
בנזמים bnzmym
ב־ b-: with; נזם nzm: nose-ring, earring
with earrings,

and not [even]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with desires
ב־ b-: with; תאב tˀb: desire
בטבעת bṭbˁt
ב־ b-: with; טבע ṭbˁ: seal
with a seal [ring]

which [do] not [use]
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
which [does] not

in [them]
על ˁl: on, upon
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: on, upon
on [it]

the male organ,
הדם hdm: limb, member, male organ
חותם ḥwtm
חתם ḥtm: seal
a seal,

and not [even]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with seduction
ב־ b-: with; מחטון mḥṭwn: seducer
במחט bmḥṭ
ב־ b-: with; מחט mḥṭ: needle, pin
with a [hair?] needle

which [does] not [involve]
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינה šˀynh
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
which [has] no

perforation of the bodily orifices.
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, bodily orifice
נקובה nqwbh
נקב nqb: hole, perforation
that is [actually] perforated,

Shabbat 6:1.c

Shabbat 6:1.d

Encrypted: But if he comes out with these, he is of course not guilty of any mistake.

Official: But if he goes out with these, she is not obligated to make a sin-offering.

But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if

he comes out [with these],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצאת yṣˀt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
he goes out [with these],

[he is of course] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינה ˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
[she is] not

guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיבת ḥybt
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
obligated

[of any] mistake.
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[to make] a sin-offering.

Shabbat 6:1.d

Shabbat 6:2.a

Encrypted: There may also not come out a lord with his ladle standing erect, and not with brotherly love at a time when he is not with soldiers who are easily sexually abused, and not with frivolities and not with fellation at a time when they are not from the special kind, and not with sexual promiscuity, and not with adornment for sexual intercourse, and not with amorous embracing.

Official: There may not go out a man with sandals that are studded, and not with a single sandal at a time when there is not on his foot a wound, and not with Tefillah scroll cases, and not with scrolls at a time when they are not from an expert, and not with body armor, and not with a helmet, and not with leg armor

[There may also] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There may] not

come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out

a lord
איש ˀyš: husband, lord
האיש hˀyš
איש ˀyš: man
a man

with [his] ladle [??]
ב־ b-: with; ש־ š-: that; נטלא nṭlˀ: ladle, small vessel
בסנדל bsndl
ב־ b-: with; סנדל sndl: sandalion, sandal
with sandals

standing erect [??],
מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stand erect
המסמר hmsmr
מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stud with nails
that are studded,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with brotherly [love]
ב־ b-: with; אחותי ˀḥwty: brotherly, fraternal
ביחיד byḥyd
ב־ b-: with; אחד ˀḥd: one, single; אחת ˀḥt: one
with a single [sandal]

at a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
at a time

when [he is] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
when [there is] not

with soldiers
ב־ b-: with; רגלא rglˀ: foot-soldier, infantryman
ברגלו brglw
ב־ b-: on; רגל rgl: foot
on his foot

who are [easily] sexually abused [??],
מכך mkk: humiliate, rape, abuse sexually
מכה mkh
מכה mkh: wound
a wound,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with frivolities
ב־ b-: with; תפלה tplh: unseemliness, frivolity, indecency
בתפלין btplyn
ב־ b-: with; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
with Tefillah [scroll cases?],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with fellation [??]
ב־ b-: with; גמע gmˁ: sink into, immerse, swallow, give to drink
בקמע bqmˁ
ב־ b-: with; קמיע qmyˁ: amulet, scroll
with scrolls

at a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
at a time

when [they are] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
when [they are] not

from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from

the special [kind],
מ־ m-: of; מחה mḥh: specialized
הממחה hmmḥh
מ־ m-: of; מחה mḥh: expert
an expert [??],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with sexual promiscuity,
ב־ b-: with; שריא šryˀ: outrageous, sexually promiscuous; ־ן -n: (suffix)
בשריון bšrywn
ב־ b-: with; שריון šrywn: body armor, coat of mail
with body armor,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with adornment for sexual intercourse [??],
ב־ b-: with; קשט qšṭ: adorn with beauty, to prepare for sexual intercourse
בקסדא bqsdˀ
ב־ b-: with; קסדא qsdˀ: cassidis, helmet
with a helmet,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with [amorous] embracing.
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; גוף gwp: adultery; גפף gpp: embracing, sexual acts
במגפים bmgpym
ב־ b-: with; מגף mgp: metal legging, high boot
with leg armor

Shabbat 6:2.a

Shabbat 6:2.b

Encrypted: But if he comes out with these, he is of course not guilty of any mistake.

Official: But if he goes out with these, she is not obligated to make a sin-offering.

But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if

he comes out [with these],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
he goes out [with these],

[he is of course] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[she is] not

guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
obligated

[of any] mistake.
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[to make] a sin-offering.

Shabbat 6:2.b

Gay lords mustn’t screw around & squirt off, lest they turn the troops into peaceful pervs.

Shabbat 6:3.a

Encrypted: There may especially not come out a lord with seductions that perforate the bodily orifices, and not with practices abhorred by the troops which do have to them use of the male organ, not with the lower-class rabble, neither with receiving it from them, nor with a penetration of them of the kind with discharge. And if he comes out with these, he is guilty of a real mistake! These are the words of lord Meir. But the advisors exempt acts with receiving it from them, and also with a penetration of them of the kind with discharge.

Official: There may also not go out a woman with a needle that is actually perforated, and not with a seal ring which does have on it a seal, and not with a cochlear pin, and not with a foot chain, and not with a flask of perfume. And if she goes out with these, she is obligated to make a sin-offering. These are the words of rabbi Meir. But the advisors exempt going out with a foot chain, and also with a flask of perfume.

[There may especially] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[There may also] not

come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
תצא tṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out

a lord
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
אשה ˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
a woman

with seductions
ב־ b-: with; מחטון mḥṭwn: seducer
במחט bmḥṭ
ב־ b-: with; מחט mḥṭ: needle, pin
with a needle

that perforate the bodily orifices,
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, bodily orifice
הנקובה hnqwbh
נקב nqb: hole, perforation
that is [actually] perforated,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with [practices] abhorred [by the troops]
ב־ b-: with; תעב tˁb: abhor, loathe
בטבעת bṭbˁt
ב־ b-: with; טבע ṭbˁ: seal
with a seal [ring]

which do have
ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
שיש šyš
ש־ š-: which; יש yš: there is
which does have

to [them]
על ˁl: on, upon
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: on, upon
on it

[use of] the male organ,
הדם hdm: limb, member, male organ
חותם ḥwtm
חתם ḥtm: seal
a seal,

not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with the lower-class rabble,
ב־ b-: with; גלירא glyrˀ: galearius, soldier-servant, rabble, lowest class of people
בכוליאר bkwlyˀr
ב־ b-: with; כוליאר kwlyˀr: pin of cochlear shape; כוכליאר kwklyˀr: cochlear
with a cochlear pin [??],

neither
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with receiving [it from them],
ב־ b-: with; קבל qbl: receive, accept, take
בכובלת bkwblt
ב־ b-: with; כבל kbl: chain
with a [foot] chain,

nor
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with a penetration [of them]
ב־ b-: with; צלח ṣlḥ: split, break through, penetrate
בצלוחית bṣlwḥyt
ב־ b-: with; צלוחית ṣlwḥyt: bottle, flask
with a flask

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the [kind with] discharge.
פלוט plwṭ: discharged, ejected; ־ן -n: (suffix)
פליטון plyṭwn
פוליטון pwlyṭwn: foliatum, perfume
perfume.

And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if

he comes out [with these],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצתה yṣth
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
she goes out [with these],

he is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיבת ḥybt
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
she is obligated

[of a real] mistake!
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[to make] a sin-offering.

[These are] the words
דבר dbr: word, speech
דברי dbry
דבר dbr: word, speech
[These are] the words

of lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
of rabbi

Meir.
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
מאיר mˀyr
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
Meir.

But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors

exempt
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטרין pwṭryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempt

[acts] with receiving [it from them],
ב־ b-: with; קבל qbl: receive, accept, take
בכובלת bkwblt
ב־ b-: with; כבל kbl: chain
[going out] with a [foot] chain,

and also with a penetration [of them]
ב־ b-: with; צלח ṣlḥ: split, break through, penetrate
ובצלוחית wbṣlwḥyt
ב־ b-: with; צלוחית ṣlwḥyt: bottle, flask
and also with a flask

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the [kind with] discharge.
פלוט plwṭ: discharged, ejected; ־ן -n: (suffix)
פליטון plyṭwn
פוליטון pwlyṭwn: foliatum, perfume
perfume.

Shabbat 6:3.a

Shabbat 6:4.a

Encrypted: Not may come out a lord with these in public: Not with his private little sword, and not with shooting forth, and not with squirting off, and not with his lance, and not with his spear. And if he comes out with these, he is guilty of a real mistake! Lord Eliezer says: But absolutely right and proper are they these things to him!

Official: Not may come out a man with these: Not with a sword, and not with a bow, and not with a shield, and not with a lance, and not with a spear. And if he goes out with these, she is obligated to make a sin-offering. Rabbi Eliezer says: But only decorative weapons are they to him!

Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not

[may] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[may] come out

a lord [with these in public]:
איש ˀyš: lord
האיש hˀyš
איש ˀyš: man
a man [with these]:

Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not

with his [private little] sword,
ב־ b-: with; סיף syp: sword
בסיף bsyp
ב־ b-: with; סיף syp: sword
with a sword,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with shooting forth,
ב־ b-: with; קשת qšt: shoot, shot forth
בקשת bqšt
ב־ b-: with; קשת qšt: bow
with a bow,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with squirting [off],
ב־ b-: with; תרז trz: burst, splash, squirt
בתריס btrys
ב־ b-: with; תרס trs: shield
with a shield,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with his lance,
ב־ b-: with; אלה ˀlh: lance, sign-pole
באלה bˀlh
ב־ b-: with; אלה ˀlh: lance, sign-pole
with a lance,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

with his spear.
ב־ b-: with; רמח rmḥ: spear, lance
ברמח brmḥ
ב־ b-: with; רמח rmḥ: spear, lance
with a spear.

And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if

he comes out [with these],
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יצא yṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
he goes out [with these],

he is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
she is obligated

[of a real] mistake!
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[to make] a sin-offering.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[But absolutely] right [and proper]
ת־ t-: of; כשיטותא kšyṭwtˀ: good, right
תכשיטין tkšyṭyn
תכשיט tkšyṭ: ornament, decoration
[But only] decorative [weapons]

[are] they [these things]
הן hn: they
הן hn
הן hn: they
[are] they

to him!
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to him!

Shabbat 6:4.a

Shabbat 6:4.b

Encrypted: But the advisors say: Nothing are they if not a disgrace, about which it is said: (Isaiah 2:4) They would just form their soldiers into self gratifying perverts and their private pleasure into all-out harlotry, and soon not would raise the crowds against other crowds the sword any more, and not would they want to learn any more of war!

Official: But the advisors say: Nothing are they if not a disgrace, about which it is said: (Isaiah 2:4) They will beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into pruning knives, and not will raise nation against nation the sword any more, and not will they want to learn any more of war.

But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

Nothing [are they]
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינן ˀynn
אין ˀyn: no, not
Nothing [are they]

if not
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
if not

a disgrace,
ל־ l-: to; גנאי gnˀy: disgrace, shame, obscenity
לגנאי lgnˀy
ל־ l-: to; גנאי gnˀy: disgrace, shame, obscenity
a disgrace,

[about] which it is said:
ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
[about] which it is said:

(Isaiah
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(ישעיה yšˁyh
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(Isaiah

2:4)
ב b: 2
ב) b
ב b: 2
2:4)

[They would just] form
כתת ktt: join closely, form into factions, come in contact
וכתתו wkttw
כתת ktt: crush, pound, beat
[They will] beat

their soldiers
קרב qrb: soldier; ־ם -m: their
חרבותם ḥrbwtm
חרב ḥrb: sword; ־ם -m: their
their swords

into [self] gratifying perverts
ל־ l-: to; עות ˁwt: enjoy, gratified, pervert; ־ים -ym: (plural)
לאתים lˀtym
ל־ l-: to; את ˀt: ploughshare; ־ים -ym: (plural)
into ploughshares

and their [private] pleasure
הניותא hnywtˀ: pleasure, delight, gaiety; הם hm: they
וחניתותיהם wḥnytwtyhm
חנית ḥnyt: spear; הם hm: they
and their spears

into [all-out] harlotry,
ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; זמור zmwr: revelry, harlotry
למזמרות lmzmrwt
ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; זמור zmwr: cutting, pruning, trimming
into pruning knives,

and [soon] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[would] raise
נשא nšˀ: lift, raise
ישא yšˀ
נשא nšˀ: lift, raise
[will] raise

the crowds
גוי gwy: crowd, people
גוי gwy
גוי gwy: nation
nation

against
אל ˀl: to, against
אל ˀl
אל ˀl: to, against
against

[other] crowds
גוי gwy: crowd, people
גוי gwy
גוי gwy: nation
nation

the sword [any more],
חרב ḥrb: sword
חרב ḥrb
חרב ḥrb: sword
the sword [any more],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[would] they [want to] learn
למד lmd: learn, teach
ילמדו ylmdw
למד lmd: learn, teach
[will] they [want to] learn

any more
עוד ˁwd: still, again
עוד ˁwd
עוד ˁwd: still, again
any more

of war!
מ־ m-: from, of; לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war
מלחמה mlḥmh
מ־ m-: from, of; לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war
of war.

Shabbat 6:4.b

Shabbat 6:4.c

Encrypted: So as for any superficial practice, if it is clean, a lord may come out with it among the army. But as for practices where it is received, they are unclean to the troops, so not may he come out with them among the army.

Official: As for a garter, if it is clean, a woman my go out with it on Sabbath. But as for chains, they are unclean, so not may she go out with them on Sabbath.

[So as for any] superficial [practice],
בריאית bryˀyt: outwardly; בראית brˀyt: superficially
בירית byryt
בירית byryt: garter
[As for] a garter,

[if it] is clean,
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
טהורה ṭhwrh
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
[if it] is clean,

[a lord may] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
ויוצאין wywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[a woman my] go out

with it
בה bh: with it
בה bh
בה bh: with it
with it

among the army.
ב־ b-: in, among; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

[But as for practices where it] is received,
קבל qbl: receive, accept, take
כבלים kblym
כבל kbl: bound, tied, chained
[But as for] chains,

[they] are unclean [to the troops],
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
טמאין ṭmˀyn
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
[they] are unclean,

so not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
so not

[may he] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[may she] go out

with them
ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
בהם bhm
ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
with them

among the army.
ב־ b-: in, among; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 6:4.c

Chaste relation are OK, but fornication must be veiled.

Shabbat 6:5.a

Encrypted: But may come out a lord with a seduction that is chaste & disciplined whether it is among those troops belonging to himself, among those of a friend, or among those of the human cattle servants, even with knocking them up, and with inserting, at a time when they are closely joined to him.

Official: But may go out a woman with threads of false hair, whether they are among those of herself, among those of a friend, or among those of an animal, and with a forehead ornament, and with a headdress, at a time when they are sewn to her clothing.

[But may] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[But may] go out

a lord
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
אשה ˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
a woman

with a seduction
ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
בחוטי bḥwṭy
ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
with threads

that is chaste & disciplined
יסר ysr: bind self, chasten, discipline
שער šˁr
שער šˁr: hair
of [false] hair,

[whether it is] among
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
[whether they are] among

[those troops belonging] to himself,
מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
משלה mšlh
מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
[those] of herself,

among
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
among

[those] of
מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
משל mšl
מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
[those] of

a friend,
חבר ḥbr: friend, companion, associate
חברתה ḥbrth
חבר ḥbr: friend, companion, associate
a friend,

[or] among
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
[or] among

[those] of
מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
משל mšl
מ־ m-: of; של šl: belonging to, of
[those] of

the [human] cattle servants,
בהם bhm: dumb, servants
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
an animal,

[even] with knocking [them up],
ב־ b-: with; תפף tpp: join, strike, knock; ־ת -t: (suffix)
ובטטפת wbṭṭpt
ב־ b-: with; טוטפת ṭwṭpt: ornament on forehead
and with a forehead ornament,

and with inserting,
ב־ b-: with; סנף snp: insert
ובסנבוטין wbsnbwṭyn
ב־ b-: with; סנבוטין snbwṭyn: headdress
and with a headdress,

at a time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
at a time

when they are
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
when they are

[closely] joined [to him].
תפר tpr: sew together, join
תפורין tpwryn
תפר tpr: stitch, sew
sewn [to her clothing].

Shabbat 6:5.a

Shabbat 6:5.b

Encrypted: But with kneading them intimately he must be in a veil feigning to be another for his courting. Even with the lower ones which are among his own armed troops, and with the lower ones which are among his supporters, and with the lower ones which he installed especially for the filthy stuff.

Official: And with a hair-net and with braids that are false, but only into the courtyard. Also with wool rags which are on her ears, and with wool rags which are in her sandals, and with wool rags which she placed especially for her menstruation.

[But] with kneading [them intimately]
ב־ b-: with; גבול gbwl: kneading, mixing
בכבול bkbwl
ב־ b-: with; כבול kbwl: hair-net
[And] with a hair-net

[he must be] in a veil
ב־ b-: in; עפה ˁph: wrap; עיפא ˁypˀ: cover, veil
ובפאה wbpˀh
ב־ b-: with; פאה pˀh: braid
and with braids

feigning to be another
נכר nkr: feign to be another
נכרית nkryt
נכר nkr: dissemble
that are false,

for his courting.
ל־ l-: for; חזור ḥzwr: going around, courting; חזרו ḥzrw: desire
לחצר lḥṣr
ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard
[but only] into the courtyard.

[Even] with the lower [ones]
ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: lay under, lower, poor
במוך bmwk
ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: hackled wool, rag
[Also] with wool rags

which are among [his own] armed [troops],
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; זין zyn: weapon, arms, armor
שבאזנה šbˀznh
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: on; אזן ˀzn: ear
which are on her ears,

and with the lower [ones]
ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: lay under, lower, poor
ובמוך wbmwk
ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: hackled wool, rag
and with wool rags

which are among [his] supporters,
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; סנד snd: assist, support
שבסנדלה šbsndlh
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; סנדל sndl: sandalion, sandal
which are in her sandals,

and with the lower [ones]
ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: lay under, lower, poor
ובמוך wbmwk
ב־ b-: with; מוך mwk: hackled wool, rag
and with wool rags

which [he] installed [especially]
ש־ š-: which; תקן tqn: install, establish
שהתקינה šhtqynh
ש־ š-: which; תקן tqn: place, prepare, arrange
which she placed [especially]

for the filthy [stuff].
ל־ l-: for; נדה ndh: filth, impure thing
לנדתה lndth
ל־ l-: for; נדה ndh: menstrual period
for her menstruation.

Shabbat 6:5.b

Shabbat 6:5.c

Encrypted: Also with sprinkling around, and with gargling the juice, and with all things where he places it in the middle of someone’s mouth, on the condition that he did not place it with them already before the beginning of the war. And if he sprinkles it on them, they may not return it.

Official: And with pepper, and with grains of salt, and with all things where she places them in the middle of her mouth, on the condition that she did not place them there at the beginning of the Sabbath. And if they fall out, she may not replace them.

[Also] with sprinkling [around],
ב־ b-: with; פלפל plpl: sprinkle
בפלפל bplpl
ב־ b-: with; פלפל plpl: pepper
[And] with pepper,

and with gargling
ב־ b-: with; גרגר grgr: gargle, pour down the throat
ובגרגיר wbgrgyr
ב־ b-: with; גרגר grgr: grain
and with grains

the juice,
מהל mhl: thin secretion, sap, juice
מלח mlḥ
מלח mlḥ: salt
of salt,

and with all
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
ובכל wbkl
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
and with all

things
דבר dbr: thing, object
דבר dbr
דבר dbr: thing, object
things

where he places [it]
ש־ š-: which; נתן ntn: put, place
שתתן šttn
ש־ š-: which; נתן ntn: put, place
where she places [them]

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in the middle

of [someone’s] mouth [?!?],
פה ph: orifice
פיה pyh
פה ph: mouth
of her mouth [???],

on the condition that
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
on the condition that

[he did] not
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
[she did] not

place [it with them]
נתן ntn: put, place
תתן ttn
נתן ntn: put, place
place [them there]

[already before] the beginning
ל־ l-: to; כ־ k-: as; תחלה tḥlh: beginning
לכתחלה lktḥlh
ל־ l-: to; כ־ k-: as; תחלה tḥlh: beginning
at the beginning

of the war.
ב־ b-: on; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
of the Sabbath.

And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if

[he] sprinkles [it on them?],
נ־ n-: make; פלל pll: sprinkle
נפל npl
נפל npl: fall
[they] fall out,

[they may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[she may] not

return [it].
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
תחזיר tḥzyr
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
replace [them].

Shabbat 6:5.c

Shabbat 6:5.c

Encrypted: Fornication of true desire, or fornication out of true emotions, lord HaNasi permits it, but the advisors prohibit even this.

Official: A false tooth that was inserted, or a tooth of gold, rabbi HaNasi permits it, but the advisors prohibit this.

Fornication
זני zny: adultery, fornication
שן šn
שן šn: tooth
A [false] tooth

of [true] desire,
תאב tˀb: desire; תיובתא tywbtˀ: desire
תותבת twtbt
תותב twtb: inserted, fixed
that was inserted,

or fornication
שן šn: tooth
ושן wšn
שן šn: tooth
or a tooth

[out] of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

[true] emotions,
זוחף zwḥp: incitement, emotion
זהב zhb
זהב zhb: gold
gold,

lord [HaNasi]
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi [HaNasi]

permits [it],
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it],

but the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
but the advisors

prohibit [even this].
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אוסרים ˀwsrym
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
prohibit [this].

Shabbat 6:5.c

Nobles need a mask even for discreet relations, if they didn’t have one before the war.

Shabbat 6:6.a

Encrypted: A lord may come out with lewd swinging when it is put on in a discreet way. Among the common masses he may of course come out with flirting, and even with carnal acts which are fornication.

Official: A woman may go out with a sela coin when it is put on her as an adornment. Girls who are young may come out with straps, and even with splinters which are in their ears for piercings.

[A lord may] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאה ywṣˀh
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[A woman may] go out

with lewd [swinging]
ב־ b-: with; סלל sll: swinging, commit lewdness
בסלע bslˁ
ב־ b-: with; סלע slˁ: sela coin, drachma
with a sela coin [???]

when [it is] put on
ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on, upon
שעל šˁl
ש־ š-: which; על ˁl: on, upon
when [it is] put on [her?]

in a discreet [way].
צניע ṣnyˁ: modest, chaste, hidden; צנוע ṣnwˁ: discreet
הצינית hṣynyt
צין ṣyn: adorn one’s self
[as an] adornment.

Among
בינות bynwt: between, among
הבנות hbnwt
בנות bnwt: daughters, maidens
Girls

the common masses
קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
קטנות qṭnwt
קטן qṭn: young
who are young

[he may of course] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[may] come out

with flirting,
ב־ b-: in; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: flirt, seduction; חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning
בחוטין bḥwṭyn
ב־ b-: with; חוט ḥwṭ: thread, strap
with straps,

and even
אפלו ˀplw: even
ואפלו wˀplw
אפלו ˀplw: even
and even

with carnal [acts]
ב־ b-: with; גשם gšm: body, make carnate
בקסמין bqsmyn
ב־ b-: with; קיסם qysm: chip, splinter
with splinters

which are fornication.
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; זני zny: adultery, fornication
שבאזניהם šbˀznyhm
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; אזן ˀzn: ear
which are in [their] ears [for piercings].

Shabbat 6:6.a

Shabbat 6:6.b

Encrypted: But nobles may only come out veiled, and well-known ones only with an additional mask. This goes for all people, only here have spoken the advisors of actual events of undisguised nobles getting in trouble.

Official: Arabian Jewish girls may only go out veiled, and Median Jewish girls only with an additional fastening on the veil. This goes for all people, only here have spoken the advisors of actual events of unveiled girls getting in trouble.

[But] nobles
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ערביות ˁrbywt
ערבי ˁrby: Arab
Arabian [Jewish girls?]

[may only] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאות ywṣˀwt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[may only] go out

veiled,
רעל rˁl: veil
רעולות rˁwlwt
רעל rˁl: veil
veiled,

and well-known [ones]
מדע mdˁ: well-known, fame
ומדיות wmdywt
מדי mdy: Median
and Median [Jewish girls?]

[only] with an [additional] mask.
אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
פרופות prwpwt
פרף prp: clasp, fasten
[only] with an [additional] fastening [on the veil].

[This goes for] all
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
[This goes for] all

people,
אדם ˀdm: man, people
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, people
people,

only [here]
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
only [here]

have spoken
ש־ š-: which; דבר dbr: word, say
שדברו šdbrw
ש־ š-: which; דבר dbr: word, say
have spoken

the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
חכמים ḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
the advisors

of actual events [of undisguised nobles getting in trouble].
ב־ b-: on; הוה hwh: present, actual occurrence
בהוה bhwh
ב־ b-: on; הוה hwh: present, actual occurrence
of actual events [of unveiled girls getting in trouble].

Shabbat 6:6.b

Shabbat 6:7.a

Encrypted: A noble must put a mask on his face, and on his manners, and on his impression, on the condition that he had not masked himself like that before the beginning of the war.

Official: The veil must be fastened with a stone, or with a nut, or with a coin, on the condition that she had not fastened it before the beginning of the Sabbath.

[A noble must put] a mask
אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
פורפת pwrpt
פרף prp: clasp, fasten
[The veil must] be fastened

on
על ˁl: on, using, with
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, using, with
with

[his] face,
אפין ˀpyn: face, surface
האבן hˀbn
אבן ˀbn: stone
a stone,

and on
על ˁl: on, using, with
ועל wˁl
על ˁl: on, using, with
or with

[his] manners,
גיסא gysˀ: way, manner
האגוז hˀgwz
אגוז ˀgwz: nut
a nut [??],

and on
על ˁl: on, using, with
ועל wˁl
על ˁl: on, using, with
or with

[his] impression,
מטבע mṭbˁ: impression, reputation
המטבע hmṭbˁ
מטבע mṭbˁ: coin, medal
a coin,

on the condition that
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
on the condition that

[he had] not
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
[she had] not

masked [himself like that]
אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
תפרף tprp
פרף prp: clasp, fasten
fastened [it]

before the beginning
ל־ l-: to; כ־ k-: as; תחל tḥl: begin
לכתחלה lktḥlh
ל־ l-: to; כ־ k-: as; תחל tḥl: begin
before the beginning

of the war.
ב־ b-: on; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
of the Sabbath.

Shabbat 6:7.a

Shabbat 6:8.a

Encrypted: If a noble already has a diminished form, he may come out with this deceit of him, says lord Meir. But lord Yose prohibit this. And if there is on it something that troubles the troops, then it is definitely unfit.

Official: If someone has an amputated leg, he may go out with the wooden leg of him, says rabbi Meir. But rabbi Yose prohibit this. And if there is on it something to receive the crushed leg, then it is definitely unclean.

[If a noble already has] a diminished [form],
קט qṭ: small; קטט qṭṭ: diminish
הקטע hqṭˁ
קטע qṭˁ: cut off, amputate
[If someone has] an amputated [leg],

[he may] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצא ywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[he may] go out

with this deceit
ב־ b-: with; עקבה ˁqbh: cunning, deceit
בקב bqb
ב־ b-: with; קבה qbh: put on a wooden leg
with the wooden leg

of him,
של šl: belonging to, of
שלו šlw
של šl: belonging to, of
of him,

says
דבר dbr: word, speech
דברי dbry
דבר dbr: word, speech
says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Meir.
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
מאיר mˀyr
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
Meir.

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

prohibit [this].
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אוסר ˀwsr
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
prohibit [this].

And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if

there is
יש yš: there is
יש yš
יש yš: there is
there is

on it
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
on it

something
בית byt: structure
בית byt
בית byt: structure
something

that troubles
קבל qbl: confront, complain; קבלה qblh: troubling, complaint
קבול qbwl
קבל qbl: take, receive
to receive

the troops,
גדוד gdwd: troop, band
כתותים ktwtym
כתת ktt: crush
the crushed [leg?],

then [it is definitely] unfit.
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
טמא ṭmˀ
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
then [it is definitely] unclean.

Shabbat 6:8.a

Unclean sex practices are OK if one’s personal troops are used to them.

Shabbat 6:8.b

Encrypted: Only if the supporting troops belonging to him are those where unclean practices are well-trodden & usual, then he may come out with them in a war, and even enter with them into his assistants.

Official: Only if the support base belonging to the wooden leg is that of an unclean person using it for treading, then he may go out with them on Sabbath, and even enter with them into a temple courtyard.

[Only if] the supporting [troops]
סמך smk: base, prop up, support
סמוכות smwkwt
סמך smk: base, prop up, support
[Only if] the support base

belonging to [him]
של šl: belonging to, of
שלו šlw
של šl: belonging to, of
belonging to [the wooden leg]

[are those where] unclean [practices]
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
טמאין ṭmˀyn
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
[is that of] an unclean [person]

are well-trodden & usual,
מ־ m-: of; דרישא dryšˀ: trodden, usual, customary
מדרס mdrs
מ־ m-: of; דרס drs: tread, trample; דרש drš: tread
[using it for] treading,

then [he may] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
ויוצאין wywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
then [he may] go out

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

in a war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

and [even] enter
כנס kns: go in, enter
ונכנסין wnknsyn
כנס kns: go in, enter
and [even] enter

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

into [his] assistants [??].
ב־ b-: into; עזר ˁzr: surround, help, assist, protect
בעזרה bˁzrh
ב־ b-: into; עזרה ˁzrh: Temple court
into a temple courtyard [??].

Shabbat 6:8.b

Shabbat 6:8.c

Encrypted: But if it is a secret that the supporting troops belonging to him are those where unclean practices are well-trodden & usual, then he may not come out with them in a war, and not enter with them into his assistants.

Official: But if is withdrawn the support base belonging to the wooden leg, and it is that of an unclean person using it for treading, then he may not go out with them on Sabbath, and not enter with them into a temple courtyard.

[But if it] is a secret
כסי ksy: conceal, hidden, secretly
כסא ksˀ
כסי ksy: withdraw
[But if] is withdrawn

[that] the supporting [troops]
סמך smk: base, prop up, support
וסמוכות wsmwkwt
סמך smk: base, prop up, support
the support base

belonging to [him]
של šl: belonging to, of
שלו šlw
של šl: belonging to, of
belonging to [the wooden leg],

[are those where] unclean [practices]
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
טמאין ṭmˀyn
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
[and it is that of] an unclean [person]

are well-trodden & usual,
מ־ m-: of; דרישא dryšˀ: trodden, usual, customary
מדרס mdrs
מ־ m-: of; דרס drs: tread, trample; דרש drš: tread
[using it for] treading,

[then he may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[then he may] not

come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

in a war,
ב־ b-: on; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

and not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and not

enter
כנס kns: go in, enter
נכנסין nknsyn
כנס kns: go in, enter
enter

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

into [his] assistants [??].
ב־ b-: into; עזר ˁzr: surround, help, assist, protect
בעזרה bˁzrh
ב־ b-: into; עזרה ˁzrh: Temple court
into a temple courtyard [??].

Shabbat 6:8.c

Shabbat 6:8.d

Encrypted: Just holding the thing in the hand is clean, but one may still not come out with that in public.

Official: Instruments like a wooden leg are clean, but one may not go out with them.

[Just] holding the thing in the hand
נקט nqṭ: hold in hand, let take in one’s hands; מן mn: thing
אנקטמין ˀnqṭmyn
ניקטמון nyqṭmwn: wooden leg like instrument
Instruments like a wooden leg [???]

is clean,
טהר ṭhr: cleared, cleanse, amend
טהורין ṭhwryn
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
are clean,

but [one may still] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
but [one may] not

come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
go out

with that [in public].
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them.

Shabbat 6:8.d

Gay relations with boys may only come out as general relations.

Shabbat 6:9.a

Encrypted: With boys one may only come out with being joined generally, and among boys of nobility with being a couple. This goes for all people, only here have spoken the advisors of actual events of gay boys getting in trouble.

Official: Boys may go out with knots, and boys of nobility with bells. This goes for all people, only here have spoken the advisors of actual events of overdressed boys getting in trouble.

[With] boys
בן bn: child, son
הבנים hbnym
בן bn: child, son
Boys

[one may only] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
may go out

with being joined [generally],
ב־ b-: with; קשר qšr: join together, connect, relation, union
בקשרים bqšrym
ב־ b-: with; קשר qšr: bind, knot, band
with knots,

and [among] boys
בן bn: child, son
ובני wbny
בן bn: child, son
and boys

of nobility
מלך mlk: ruler, governor, chief
מלכים mlkym
מלך mlk: king
of nobility

with [being] a couple.
ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: pair, join, couple, mate, copulate, have sexual relations
בזוגין bzwgyn
ב־ b-: with; זוג zwg: bell
with bells.

[This goes for] all
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
[This goes for] all

people,
אדם ˀdm: man, people
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, people
people,

only [here]
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
only [here]

have spoken
ש־ š-: which; דבר dbr: word, say
שדברו šdbrw
ש־ š-: which; דבר dbr: word, say
have spoken

the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
חכמים ḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
the advisors

of actual events [of gay boys getting in trouble].
ב־ b-: on; הוה hwh: present, actual occurrence
בהוה bhwh
ב־ b-: on; הוה hwh: present, actual occurrence
of actual events [of overdressed boys getting in trouble].

Shabbat 6:9.a

Making sexual gay relations public leads to revolt.

Shabbat 6:10.a

Encrypted: One may even come out with bursting forth in an entanglement, or with it sharpening in an act of lewdness, or with it standing erect from impaling someone with it because of a sexual exchange, says lord Meir.

Official: One may go out with the egg of a locust, or with the tooth of a fox, or with nails from a crucification, because of healing, says rabbi Meir.

[One may even] come out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יוצאין ywṣˀyn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[One may] go out

with bursting forth
ב־ b-: with; בוץ bwṣ: swell, bubble, burst forth
בביצת bbyṣt
ב־ b-: with; ביצה byṣh: egg
with the egg

[in] an entanglement,
ערגל ˁrgl: roll, wallow; ערקל ˁrql: entangle; ערכל ˁrkl: entangle
החרגול hḥrgwl
חרגול ḥrgwl: kind of locust
of a locust [???],

or with [it] sharpening
ב־ b-: with; שנן šnn: sharpen, pointed
ובשן wbšn
ב־ b-: with; שן šn: tooth
or with the tooth

in [an act of] lewdness,
סלל sll: swinging, commit lewdness
שועל šwˁl
שועל šwˁl: fox
of a fox,

or with [it] standing erect
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stand erect
ובמסמר wbmsmr
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; סמר smr: stud with nails, crucify
or with nails

from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from

impaling [someone with it??]
צלב ṣlb: hang, impale, crucify
הצלוב hṣlwb
צלב ṣlb: hang, impale, crucify
a crucification [???],

because
משום mšwm: because
משום mšwm
משום mšwm: because
because

of a [sexual] exchange,
ערף ˁrp: exchange, mixed up
רפואה rpwˀh
רפא rpˀ: heal, cure
of healing,

says
דבר dbr: word, speech
דברי dbry
דבר dbr: word, speech
says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Meir.
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
מאיר mˀyr
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
Meir.

Shabbat 6:10.a

Shabbat 6:10.b

Encrypted: But the advisors say: Even if one is very quiet about it it is forbidden, because it is a path leading to revolt.

Official: But the advisors say: Even if one is sick it is forbidden, because it is the way of the heathen Amorites.

But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

Even
אף ˀp: also, even
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: also, even
Even

[if one] is [very] quiet [about it]
בהל bhl: quiet, keep quiet
בחל bḥl
בחל bḥl: sick
[if one] is sick

it is forbidden,
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסור ˀswr
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
it is forbidden,

because
משום mšwm: because
משום mšwm
משום mšwm: because
because

[it is] a path
דרך drk: way, path
דרכי drky
דרך drk: way, path
[it is] the way

[leading to] revolt.
אמראה ˀmrˀh: revolt
האמורי hˀmwry
אמרי ˀmry: Amorite
of the [heathen] Amorites.

Shabbat 6:10.b

One who screws around publicly during war is guilty.

Shabbat 7:1.a

Encrypted: Generally as a greater rule, this is said about wars: Everyone who is oblivious to the essence of wars, and does acts of desire several in wars several, is not guilty of anything, except of a mistake a single one.

Official: Generally as a greater rule, this is said about the Sabbath: Everyone who is oblivious to the essence of Sabbath, and does regular works several on Sabbaths several, is not obligated to do anything, except of sin-offering a single one.

Generally
כלל kll: all, general
כלל kll
כלל kll: all, general
Generally

[as a] greater [rule],
גדול gdwl: great
גדול gdwl
גדול gdwl: great
[as a] greater [rule],

[this] is said
אמר ˀmr: say
אמרו ˀmrw
אמר ˀmr: say
[this] is said

about wars:
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
about the Sabbath:

Everyone [who]
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
Everyone [who]

is oblivious to
שכח škḥ: forget, oblivion
השוכח hšwkḥ
שכח škḥ: forget, oblivion
is oblivious to

the essence
עקר ˁqr: root, main point, essence
עקר ˁqr
עקר ˁqr: root, main point, essence
the essence

of wars,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

and does
עשה ˁšh: do, act
ועשה wˁšh
עשה ˁšh: do, act
and does

[acts of] desire
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכות mlˀkwt
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
[regular] works

several
רבה rbh: much, many
הרבה hrbh
רבה rbh: much, many
several

in wars
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבתות bšbtwt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbaths

several,
רבה rbh: much, many
הרבה hrbh
רבה rbh: much, many
several,

[is] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[is] not

guilty [of anything],
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
obligated [to do anything],

except of
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except of

a mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
sin-offering

a single one.
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
a single one.

Shabbat 7:1.a

Shabbat 7:1.b

Encrypted: One who knows the essence of war, and does acts of desire several in wars several, he is guilty in all these wars, and the current war.

Official: One who knows the essence of Sabbath, and does regular works several on Sabbaths several, he is obligated for an offering on all these Sabbaths, and the current Sabbath.

[One who] knows
ידע ydˁ: know
היודע hywdˁ
ידע ydˁ: know
[One who] knows

the essence
עקר ˁqr: root, main point, essence
עקר ˁqr
עקר ˁqr: root, main point, essence
the essence

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

and does
עשה ˁšh: do, act
ועשה wˁšh
עשה ˁšh: do, act
and does

[acts of] desire
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכות mlˀkwt
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
[regular] works

several
רבה rbh: much, many
הרבה hrbh
רבה rbh: much, many
several

in wars
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבתות bšbtwt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbaths

several,
רבה rbh: much, many
הרבה hrbh
רבה rbh: much, many
several,

[he] is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
[he] is obligated [for an offering]

in
על ˁl: on, upon
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, upon
on

all [these]
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all [these]

wars,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
Sabbaths,

and [the current?] war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
ושבת wšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
and [the current?] Sabbath.

Shabbat 7:1.b

Shabbat 7:1.c

Encrypted: One who knows it is the time of war, and does acts of desire several in wars several, he is guilty on all these groups of desires, and the current act of desire.

Official: One who knows it is the time of Sabbath, and does regular works several on Sabbaths several, he is obligated for an offering on all these groups of works, and the current work.

[One who] knows
ידע ydˁ: know
היודע hywdˁ
ידע ydˁ: know
[One who] knows

[it is] the time
שעה šˁh: time
שהוא šhwˀ
שעה šˁh: time
[it is] the time

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

and does
עשה ˁšh: do, act
ועשה wˁšh
עשה ˁšh: do, act
and does

[acts of] desire
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכות mlˀkwt
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
[regular] works

several
רבה rbh: much, many
הרבה hrbh
רבה rbh: much, many
several

in wars
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבתות bšbtwt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbaths

several,
רבה rbh: much, many
הרבה hrbh
רבה rbh: much, many
several,

[he] is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
[he] is obligated [for an offering]

on
על ˁl: on, upon
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, upon
on

all [these]
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all [these]

groups [?]
בי by: between, group
אב ˀb
בי by: between, group
groups

of desires,
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכה mlˀkh
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
of works,

and [the current act?] of desire.
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
ומלאכה wmlˀkh
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
and [the current?] work.

Shabbat 7:1.c

Shabbat 7:1.d

Encrypted: One who does acts of desire several, but they are similar like a group of desires one, is not guilty of anything, except of a mistake a single one.

Official: One who does works several, but they are similar like a group of work one, is not obligated to do anything, except of sin-offering a single one.

[One who] does
עשה ˁšh: do, act
העושה hˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, act
[One who] does

[acts of] desire
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכות mlˀkwt
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
works

several,
רבה rbh: much, many
הרבה hrbh
רבה rbh: much, many
several,

[but they are] similar like
מעין mˁyn: similar to, like
מעין mˁyn
מעין mˁyn: similar to, like
[but they are] similar like

[a group] of desires
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכה mlˀkh
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
[a group] of work

one,
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
one,

[is] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[is] not

guilty [of anything],
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
obligated [to do anything],

except of
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except of

a mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
sin-offering

a single one.
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
a single one.

Shabbat 7:1.d

There are 39 sexual acts that are forbidden in public.

Shabbat 7:2.a

Encrypted: The groups of desires are forty minus one: Sprinkling semen. Sexual intercourse. “Reaping” into other people. Naked sexual contact. Coitus. Emitting semen. Showing the penis. Sexual intercourse. Lusty acts. Frivolous acts.

Official: The groups of work are forty minus one: Seeding. Ploughing. Reaping. Binding sheaves. Threshing. Winnowing. Selecting the good grains. Milling. Sifting. Kneading dough.

The groups
בי by: between, group
אבות ˀbwt
בי by: between, group
The groups

of desires [are]
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכות mlˀkwt
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
of work [are]

forty
ארבעים ˀrbˁym: forty
ארבעים ˀrbˁym
ארבעים ˀrbˁym: forty
forty

minus
חסר ḥsr: subtract
חסר ḥsr
חסר ḥsr: subtract
minus

one:
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
one:

[Sprinkling] semen.
זרע zrˁ: semen, sexual potential
הזורע hzwrˁ
זרע zrˁ: seed, sow
Seeding.

Sexual intercourse.
חרש ḥrš: sexual intercourse
והחורש whḥwrš
חרש ḥrš: plough
Ploughing.

“Reaping” [into other people?].
קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
והקוצר whqwṣr
קצר qṣr: cut, reap, harvest
Reaping.

Naked [sexual contact].
מ־ m-: of; מער mˁr: nakedness, bareness
והמעמר whmˁmr
מ־ m-: of; עמר ˁmr: heap up, pile up, bind sheaves
Binding sheaves.

Coitus.
דישה dyšh: coitus, friction
הדש hdš
דישה dyšh: threshing
Threshing.

Emitting semen.
זרי zry: emit semen
והזורה whzwrh
זרי zry: scatter, winnow
Winnowing.

[Showing] the penis [?].
אבר ˀbr: membrum genitale, penis
הבורר hbwrr
ברר brr: select, cleanse
Selecting [the good grains].

Sexual intercourse.
טחן ṭḥn: have sexual intercourse
הטוחן hṭwḥn
טחן ṭḥn: mill, grind
Milling.

Lusty [acts].
מ־ m-: of; רגתא rgtˀ: desire, lust, genitals
והמרקד whmrqd
מ־ m-: of; רקד rqd: sift
Sifting.

Frivolous [acts?].
לוץ lwṣ: talk frivolously
והלש whlš
לוש lwš: knead; ליש lyš: dough
Kneading dough.

Shabbat 7:2.a

Shabbat 7:2.b

Encrypted: Having a “double” with someone. Crossing into harlotry. Sexual misbehavior. Shaking off in public. Acts of desire. Prostitution. Seduction. Working two structures of “shafts”. Weaving two “ropes”. Squeezing two “cords”.

Official: Baking. Shearing wool. Whitening it. Hackling flax. Dyeing. Spinning. Working the loom. Working two structures of cross-beams. Weaving two threads. Splitting two threads.

[Having a] “double” [with someone?].
עף ˁp: double
והאופה whˀwph
אפה ˀph: bake
Baking.

Crossing
גוז gwz: pass, go across, transgress
הגוזז hgwzz
גזז gzz: cut, shear
Shearing

into
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

harlotry.
זמור zmwr: revelry, harlotry
הצמר hṣmr
צמר ṣmr: thick, wool
wool.

[Sexual] misbehavior.
לעב lˁb: misbehave; ־ן -n: (suffix)
המלבנו hmlbnw
לבן lbn: white, make white
Whitening [it].

Shaking off [in public].
מ־ m-: of; נפץ npṣ: shake oneself off, discharge
והמנפצו whmnpṣw
מ־ m-: of; נפץ npṣ: hackle flax
Hackling flax.

[Acts of] desire.
צבא ṣbˀ: desire
והצובעו whṣwbˁw
צבע ṣbˁ: color, dye
Dyeing.

Prostitution.
טעוה ṭˁwh: prostitute; טעי ṭˁy: seduce
והטווה whṭwwh
טוה ṭwh: spin
Spinning.

Seduction.
משך mšk: attracted, seduced
והמסך whmsk
מסך msk: web; מסכת mskt: web of the loom
[Working] the loom.

Working
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, work
והעושה whˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, work
Working

two
שני šny: two
שני šny
שני šny: two
two

structures
בית byt: structure
בתי bty
בית byt: structure
structures

of “shafts”.
ניר nyr: shaft of loom; נעור nˁwr: shaking off
נירין nyryn
ניר nyr: cross-beam of the loom, the cross-rod
of cross-beams.

Weaving
ארג ˀrg: weave
והאורג whˀwrg
ארג ˀrg: weave
Weaving

two
שני šny: two
שני šny
שני šny: two
two

“ropes”.
חוט ḥwṭ: chord, cord, rope
חוטין ḥwṭyn
חוט ḥwṭ: thread
threads.

Squeezing
אפץ ˀpṣ: press, squeeze
והפוצע whpwṣˁ
פצע pṣˁ: split
Splitting

two
שני šny: two
שני šny
שני šny: two
two

“cords”.
חוט ḥwṭ: chord, cord, rope
חוטין ḥwṭyn
חוט ḥwṭ: thread
threads.

Shabbat 7:2.b

Shabbat 7:2.c

Encrypted: Sexual union. Letting it loose. Joining two pretties. Joining the troops to join two pretties. Ensnaring a beauty. Lewd acts. Undressing. Giving juice. Working the penis. Rubbing it. Squeezing it in.

Official: Knotting. Unfastening. Sewing two seams. Splitting a part of fabric to sew two seams. Hunting a deer. Slaughtering it. Flaying it. Salting it. Dressing the hide. Smoothing it. Cutting it.

[Sexual] union.
קשר qšr: join, connect, union
הקושר hqwšr
קשר qšr: knot, tie
Knotting.

[Letting it] loose.
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, unfasten
והמתיר whmtyr
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, unfasten
Unfastening.

Joining
תפר tpr: join
והתופר whtwpr
תפר tpr: sew, stitch
Sewing

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

pretties.
תבורתא tbwrtˀ: physically attractive, pretty, seductive
תפירות tpyrwt
תפראות tprˀwt: seams
seams.

Joining
קרא qrˀ: join, meet
הקורע hqwrˁ
קרע qrˁ: split
Splitting

 
על ˁl: on, upon
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, upon
 

the troops [?]
המוניות hmwnywt: troops, crowds, commonness
מנת mnt
מנת mnt: share, portion
a part [of fabric]

to join
ל־ l-: to; תפר tpr: join
לתפר ltpr
ל־ l-: to; תפר tpr: sew, stitch
to sew

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

pretties.
תבורתא tbwrtˀ: physically attractive, pretty, seductive
תפירות tpyrwt
תפראות tprˀwt: seams
seams.

Ensnaring
צדיא ṣdyˀ: hunting, ensnaring
הצד hṣd
צדיא ṣdyˀ: hunting, ensnaring
Hunting

a beauty.
צבי ṣby: desirable thing, beauty
צבי ṣby
צבי ṣby: deer, gazelle
a deer.

Lewd [acts].
שוחט šwḥṭ: lewdness, sexual violation
השוחטו hšwḥṭw
שחט šḥṭ: kill, slaughter
Slaughtering [it].

Undressing.
מ־ m-: of; פשט pšṭ: strip, undress
והמפשיטו whmpšyṭw
מ־ m-: of; פשט pšṭ: flay
Flaying [it].

[Giving] juice.
מהל mhl: thin secretion, sap, juice
המולחו hmwlḥw
מלח mlḥ: salt
Salting [it].

Working
מ־ m-: of; עבד ˁbd: work, labor
והמעבד whmˁbd
מ־ m-: of; עבד ˁbd: dress, tan
Dressing

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the penis.
אירא ˀyrˀ: penis
עורו ˁwrw
עור ˁwr: skin, hide
the hide.

Rubbing [it].
מחק mḥq: rub, pierce through
והמוחקו whmwḥqw
מחק mḥq: smooth out
Smoothing [it].

Squeezing [it] in.
מ־ m-: of; חדק ḥdq: squeeze into, drive in, prick
והמחתכו whmḥtkw
מ־ m-: of; חתך ḥtk: cut
Cutting [it].

Shabbat 7:2.c

Shabbat 7:2.d

Encrypted: Joining two gratifiers. Piercing through the troops to join two gratifiers. The desires. The secret sins. Quenching them. Kindling them. Knocking people up with one’s hammer. Bringing these things from the private domain into the public domain. Here these groups of desires are the forty minus one.

Official: Writing two letters. Erasing a part of an old letter to write two letters. Building. Destroying a building. Extinguishing fires. Kindling fires. Striking with a hammer. Bringing things from the private domain into the public domain. Here these groups of work are the forty minus one.

Joining
כתף ktp: join
הכותב hkwtb
כתב ktb: write, compose
Writing

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

gratifiers.
אות ˀwt: pleased, gratified, enjoy
אותיות ˀwtywt
אות ˀwt: writing, letter
letters.

Piercing through [?]
מחק mḥq: rub, pierce through
והמוחק whmwḥq
מחק mḥq: smooth out, erase
Erasing

 
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
 

the troops [?]
המוניות hmwnywt: troops, crowds, commonness
מנת mnt
מנת mnt: share, portion
a part [of an old letter?]

to join
ל־ l-: to; כתף ktp: join
לכתב lktb
ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write, compose
to write

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

gratifiers.
אות ˀwt: pleased, gratified, enjoy
אותיות ˀwtywt
אות ˀwt: writing, letter
letters.

The desires.
בענון bˁnwn: desire
הבונה hbwnh
בנה bnh: build
Building.

The secret sins.
סתר str: secret sins
והסותר whswtr
סתר str: pull down, destroy
Destroying [a building].

Quenching [them].
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: quench
המכבה hmkbh
מ־ m-: of; כבה kbh: extinguish
Extinguishing [fires?!?].

Kindling [them].
מ־ m-: of; בער bˁr: kindle
והמבעיר whmbˁyr
מ־ m-: of; בער bˁr: kindle
Kindling [fires].

Knocking [people] up
מ־ m-: of; נכה nkh: beat, strike, knock
המכה hmkh
מ־ m-: of; נכה nkh: beat, strike, knock
Striking

with [one’s] hammer.
ב־ b-: with; פטיש pṭyš: hammer
בפטיש bpṭyš
ב־ b-: with; פטיש pṭyš: hammer
with a hammer.

Bringing [these things]
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
Bringing [things]

from the [private] domain
מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
מרשות mršwt
מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
from the [private] domain

into the [public] domain.
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
לרשות lršwt
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
into the [public] domain.

Here
הרי hry: here is
הרי hry
הרי hry: here is
Here

these
אלו ˀlw: these
אלו ˀlw
אלו ˀlw: these
these

groups
בי by: between, group
אבות ˀbwt
בי by: between, group
groups

of desires
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכות mlˀkwt
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
of work

[are] the forty
ארבעים ˀrbˁym: forty
ארבעים ˀrbˁym
ארבעים ˀrbˁym: forty
[are] the forty

minus
חסר ḥsr: subtract
חסר ḥsr
חסר ḥsr: subtract
minus

one.
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
one.

Shabbat 7:2.d

Making sexual secrets public is forbidden, as is doing stuff that can’t be kept secret.

Shabbat 7:3.a

Encrypted: There is also repeated a general additional saying: All things where it would be more proper to let them be secret, and it was a secret like that, and someone brought it into the public domain in a war, he is guilty of a mistake.

Official: There is also repeated a general additional saying: All things that are proper to deposit away, and it was deposited like that, and someone brought it into the public domain on Sabbath, he is obligated for a sin-offering.

[There is also] repeated
עוד ˁwd: return, repeat
ועוד wˁwd
עוד ˁwd: return, repeat
[There is also] repeated

a general
כלל kll: all, general
כלל kll
כלל kll: all, general
a general

additional
אחר ˀḥr: other, another
אחר ˀḥr
אחר ˀḥr: other, another
additional

saying:
אמר ˀmr: say
אמרו ˀmrw
אמר ˀmr: say
saying:

All [things]
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All [things]

[where it would] be [more] proper
כשר kšr: fit, proper
הכשר hkšr
כשר kšr: fit, proper
[that] are proper

to [let them] be secret,
ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
להצניע lhṣnyˁ
ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
to deposit away,

and it was a secret
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
ומצניעין wmṣnyˁyn
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
and it was deposited

like that,
כמה kmh: like, just as
כמוהו kmwhw
כמה kmh: like, just as
like that,

and [someone] brought [it into the public domain]
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
והוציאו whwṣyˀw
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
and [someone] brought [it into the public domain]

in a war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

he is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
he is obligated

of
על ˁl: on, upon
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, upon
for

a mistake.
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
a sin-offering.

Shabbat 7:3.a

Shabbat 7:3.b

Encrypted: But all things where it is not proper and practicable to keep them secret, and it was not possible to keep them secret like that, and someone brought it into the public domain in a war, they are not guilty of a mistake, except for the one who had tried to make it a secret.

Official: But all things which are not proper and practicable to deposit away, and it was not possible to deposit them like that, and someone brought it into the public domain on Sabbath, they are not obligated for an offering, except for the one who had tried to deposit it.

But all [things]
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
But all [things]

where [it is] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
which [are] not

proper [and practicable]
כשר kšr: fit, proper
כשר kšr
כשר kšr: fit, proper
proper [and practicable]

to [keep them] secret,
ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
להצניע lhṣnyˁ
ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
to deposit away,

and [it was] not [possible]
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [it was] not [possible]

to [keep them] secret
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
מצניעין mṣnyˁyn
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
to deposit [them]

like that,
כמה kmh: like, just as
כמוהו kmwhw
כמה kmh: like, just as
like that,

and [someone] brought [it into the public domain]
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
והוציאו whwṣyˀw
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
and [someone] brought [it into the public domain]

in a war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

[they are] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[they are] not

guilty [of a mistake],
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
obligated [for an offering],

except for
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except for

[the one who had tried to make it] a secret.
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
המצניעו hmṣnyˁw
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
[the one who had tried] to deposit [it].

Shabbat 7:3.b

Sexual acts with young boys must be kept secret, even if relatively chaste.

Shabbat 7:4.a

Encrypted: Things better kept secret are: Desirous pleasures, as in entering the orifices of a young man. Harlotry, as in entering the orifices of an adolescent. Naked pleasures, as in entering the orifices of a young man. Satisfying pleasures, as in entering the orifices of an adolescent.

Official: Things proper to deposit away are: Straw, as of a quantity of a mouthful of a cow. Wood, as of a quantity of a mouthful of a camel. Sheaves, as of a quantity of a mouthful of a lamb. Grass, as of a quantity of a mouthful of a young goat kid.

[Things better kept] secret [are]:
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
[Things proper] to deposit away [are]:

Desirous [pleasures],
ת־ t-: of; בעיון bˁywn: seeking, desire; בעי bˁy: male homosexual
תבן tbn
תבן tbn: straw, stubble
Straw,

as in entering
כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
כמלא kmlˀ
כ־ k-: as; מלא mlˀ: quantity
as of a quantity

the orifices
פה ph: orifice
פי py
פה ph: mouth
of a mouthful

of a young man.
עופר ˁwpr: young animal, youth, strong man
פרה prh
פרה prh: cow
of a cow.

Harlotry,
יצא yṣˀ: discharge; יצאנות yṣˀnwt: harlotry, prostitution
עצה ˁṣh
עצה ˁṣh: wood
Wood,

as in entering
כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
כמלא kmlˀ
כ־ k-: like; מלא mlˀ: quantity
as of a quantity

the orifices
פה ph: orifice
פי py
פה ph: mouth
of a mouthful

of an adolescent.
כמיל kmyl: adolescent, teenager, adult
גמל gml
גמל gml: camel
of a camel.

Naked [pleasures],
מער mˁr: nakedness, bareness
עמיר ˁmyr
עמר ˁmr: sheaf, bind sheaves
Sheaves,

as in entering
כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
כמלא kmlˀ
כ־ k-: as; מלא mlˀ: quantity
as of a quantity

the orifices
פה ph: orifice
פי py
פה ph: mouth
of a mouthful

of a young man.
טלי ṭly: tender, young, young man, servant
טלה ṭlh
טלי ṭly: lamb
of a lamb.

Satisfying [pleasures],
שבע šbˁ: satisfy, surfeit, glut
עשבים ˁšbym
עשב ˁšb: grass
Grass,

as in entering
כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
כמלא kmlˀ
כ־ k-: like; מלא mlˀ: quantity
as of a quantity

the orifices
פה ph: orifice
פי py
פה ph: mouth
of a mouthful

of an adolescent.
גדודו gdwdw: youth, adolescence
גדי gdy
גדי gdy: young goat, kid
of a young goat kid.

Shabbat 7:4.a

Shabbat 7:4.b

Encrypted: About any form of getting laid and about shaking off: Even if they are befitting of a nobleman and are relatively chaste, they will still be seen as entering the orifices of an adolescent.

Official: About garlic and about onions: If they are fit for pouring down the throat, and are dry, they count as of a quantity of a mouthful of a young goat.

About [any form of]
על ˁl: on, about
עלי ˁly
על ˁl: on, about
About

[getting?] laid [?]
שום šwm: put, place, laid
שום šwm
שום šwm: garlic
garlic

and about
על ˁl: on, about
ועלי wˁly
על ˁl: on, about
and about

shaking off:
בזל bzl: sprinkle, shaking
בצלים bṣlym
בצל bṣl: onion
onions:

[Even if they] are befitting
לחם lḥm: fit, fitting
לחים lḥym
לחם lḥm: fit, fitting
[If they] are fit

of a nobleman
כ־ k-: as; גרגרא grgrˀ: nobility, aristocracy
כגרוגרת kgrwgrt
כ־ k-: as; גרגר grgr: pour down the throat, gargle
for pouring down the throat [?],

[and are relatively] chaste,
בוש bwš: chaste
יבשים ybšym
יבש ybš: dry
[and are] dry,

[they will still be seen] as entering
כ־ k-: as, like; מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
כמלא kmlˀ
כ־ k-: like; מלא mlˀ: quantity
[they count] as of a quantity

the orifices
פה ph: orifice
פי py
פה ph: mouth
of a mouthful

of an adolescent.
גדודו gdwdw: youth, adolescence
גדי gdy
גדי gdy: young goat
of a young goat.

Shabbat 7:4.b

Relations of noblemen may be public for equal ranks, except for the sexual part.

Shabbat 7:4.c

Encrypted: And people can not simply be joined this one with that one, because they are not equal in rank of office. If one brings out such a revelation as an aristocrat, he is guilty.

Official: But they can not be combined this one with that one, because they are not equal in measure. If one brings out food fit for pouring down the throat, he is guilty.

And [people can] not [simply]
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
But [they can] not

be joined
מ־ m-: of; צרף / צטרף ṣrp / ṣṭrp: join, combine
מצטרפין mṣṭrpyn
מ־ m-: of; צרף / צטרף ṣrp / ṣṭrp: join, combine
be combined

this [one]
זה zh: this, that
זה zh
זה zh: this, that
this [one]

with
עם ˁm: with
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with
with

that [one],
זה zh: this, that
זה zh
זה zh: this, that
that [one],

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

[they are] not
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
[they are] not

equal
שו šw: equality
שוו šww
שו šw: equality
equal

in [rank of] office.
ב־ b-: in; שררה šrrh: authority, office
בשעוריהן bšˁwryhn
ב־ b-: in; שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
in measure.

[If one] brings out
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[If one] brings out

[such] a revelation
גלא glˀ: reveal
אכלים ˀklym
אכל ˀkl: eat, food
food

as an aristocrat,
כ־ k-: as; גרגרא grgrˀ: nobility, aristocracy
כגרוגרת kgrwgrt
כ־ k-: as; גרגר grgr: pour down the throat, gargle
[fit?] for pouring down the throat [?],

[he] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
[he] is guilty.

Shabbat 7:4.c

Shabbat 7:4.d

Encrypted: But some people can publicly be joined this one with that one, because they are equal in rank of office, except of course for the rubbing away, and the adultery, and the pricking, and the desires, and the debauchery.

Official: But some fruits can be combined this one with that one, because they are equal in measure, except of course for the peels, and the stones, and the stalks, and the bran, and the coarse bran.

But [some people can publicly] be joined
מ־ m-: of; צרף / צטרף ṣrp / ṣṭrp: join, combine
ומצטרפין wmṣṭrpyn
מ־ m-: of; צרף / צטרף ṣrp / ṣṭrp: join, combine
But [some fruits can] be combined

this [one]
זה zh: this, that
זה zh
זה zh: this, that
this [one]

with
עם ˁm: with
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with
with

that [one],
זה zh: this, that
זה zh
זה zh: this, that
that [one],

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

[they] are equal
ש־ š-: which; שו šw: equality
ששוו ššww
ש־ š-: which; שו šw: equality
[they] are equal

in [rank of] office,
ב־ b-: in; שררה šrrh: authority, office
בשעוריהן bšˁwryhn
ב־ b-: in; שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
in measure,

except [of course] for
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except [of course] for

the rubbing away,
מ־ m-: of; קלף qlp: rub away
מקלפיהן mqlpyhn
מ־ m-: of; קלפה qlph: shell, peel
the peels,

and the adultery,
גירין gyryn: adultery
וגרעיניהן wgrˁynyhn
גרעין grˁyn: stone, kernel
and the stones,

and the pricking,
עקץ ˁqṣ: sting, prick
ועקציהן wˁqṣyhn
עקץ ˁqṣ: stalk
and the stalks,

and the desires,
צביון ṣbywn: desire, pleasure
וסבן wsbn
סובין swbyn: bran-flour
and the bran,

and the debauchery.
מ־ m-: of; רעשון rˁšwn: debauchery
ומרסנן wmrsnn
מרסן mrsn: crushed grain, coarse bran
and the coarse bran.

Shabbat 7:4.d

Shabbat 7:4.e

Encrypted: Rabbi Yehudah says: They can be publicly joined, except for the rubbing away in coitus, and only when they are otherwise mature about it.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: They can be combined, except for the peels of lentils when they are boiled together with them.

Rabbi
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[They can be publicly joined], except for
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
[They can be combined], except for

the rubbing away
מ־ m-: of; קלף qlp: rub away
מקלפי mqlpy
מ־ m-: of; קלפה qlph: shell, peel
the peels

in coitus,
דישה dyšh: coitus, friction
עדשים ˁdšym
עדשה ˁdšh: lentil
of lentils [??]

[and only] when they are [otherwise] mature
ש־ š-: which; מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: ripe, mature
שמתבשלות šmtbšlwt
ש־ š-: which; מ־ m-: of; בשל bšl: boiled
when they are boiled [together]

about it.
עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
עמהן ˁmhn
עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
with them.

Shabbat 7:4.e

Oral sex, role-play, rape, sadism, group-sex are forbidden in public.

Shabbat 8:1.a

Encrypted: Bringing out desires is forbidden when it involves copulation and drinking it. Milking when it involves swallowing. Sexual arousal when it is to give a close pounding to someone. Sexual intercourse when it involves sticking in a certain limb of the genital area. Sexual desires when one is to rub with them the rabble.

Official: Bringing out wine is forbidden as of when it is of the measure cleared in a drinking cup. Milk as of when it is of the measure that is sipped. Honey as of when it is of the measure to place on a wound when struck. Oil as of when it is of the measure to pour on a limb that is small. Water as of when it is of the measure to rub with them a collyrium eye salve.

Bringing out
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
Bringing out

desires [is forbidden]
יען yˁn: desire
יין yyn
יין yyn: wine
wine [is forbidden]

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
[as of] when [it is of the measure]

[it involves] copulation
מ־ m-: of; זוג zwg: mate, copulate, have sexual relations
מזיגת mzygt
מ־ m-: of; זוג zwg: clear
cleared

[and] drinking [it??].
כוס kws: drink, cup
הכוס hkws
כוס kws: drink, cup
[in] a drinking cup.

Milking [??]
חלב ḥlb: milk
חלב ḥlb
חלב ḥlb: milk
Milk

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
[as of] when [it is of the measure]

[it involves] swallowing.
גמיעה gmyˁh: sipping, swallowing, gulping
גמיעה gmyˁh
גמיעה gmyˁh: sipping, swallowing, gulping
that is sipped.

[Sexual] arousal
תפש tpš: arouse
דבש dbš
דבש dbš: honey
Honey

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
[as of] when [it is of the measure]

[it is] to give
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: give, put, place
לתן ltn
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: give, put, place
to place

 
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

a close pounding [to someone].
כתת ktt: join closely, be grouped, press, pound
הכתית hktyt
כתת ktt: strike, beat
[a wound when] struck [?].

Sexual intercourse
זמן zmn: have sexual intercourse
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
Oil

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
[as of] when [it is of the measure]

[it involves] sticking in
ל־ l-: to; סכך skk: to stick in, nail
לסוך lswk
ל־ l-: to; סוך swk: pour, anoint
to pour

[a certain] limb
אבר ˀbr: penis
אבר ˀbr
אבר ˀbr: limb
[on] a limb

of the genital area.
קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
קטן qṭn
קטן qṭn: small
that is small.

[Sexual] desires [?]
מאוה mˀwh: desired; ־ים -ym: (plural)
מים mym
מים mym: water
Water

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
[as of] when [it is of the measure]

[one is] to rub
ל־ l-: to; שוף šwp: smooth, rub, grind
לשוף lšwp
ל־ l-: to; שוף šwp: smooth, rub, grind
to rub

with them
ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
בהם bhm
ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
with them

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the rabble.
גלירא glyrˀ: galearius, soldier’s servant, rabble, lowest class of people
הקילור hqylwr
קילור qylwr: collyrium, eye-salve
a collyrium eye salve.

Shabbat 8:1.a

Shabbat 8:1.b

Encrypted: As for the rest, all desires with disturbing practices. All knocking up with disturbing practices. Lord Shimon says: Simply all with disturbing practices. It is appropriate to say: All bodily intimacies these are only allowed if they are secret.

Official: As for the rest, all as of a quarter of a log. as of a quarter of a log. All waste water to be spilled out as of a quarter of a log. Rabbi Shimon says: Simply all as of a quarter of a log. It is appropriate to say: All measures these are only allowed if they are deposited like that.

As for the rest,
שאר šˀr: remain, rest
ושאר wšˀr
שאר šˀr: remain, rest
As for the rest,

all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all

desires
מ־ m-: of; שוק šwq: desire, longing, yearning
המשקין hmšqyn
מ־ m-: of; שקה šqh: drink, water
[as of] a quarter [of a log].

with disturbing [practices].
ב־ b-: with; רהיב rhyb: disturbed, awful, appalling
ברביעית brbyˁyt
ב־ b-: with; רביע rbyˁ: fourth, quarter
[as of] a quarter [of a log].

All
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
All

knocking up
ספק spq: strike, knock
השופכין hšwpkyn
שפך špk: pour out, spill, empty
[waste water] to be spilled out

with disturbing [practices].
ב־ b-: with; רהיב rhyb: disturbed, awful, appalling
ברביעית brbyˁyt
ב־ b-: with; רביע rbyˁ: fourth, quarter
[as of] a quarter [of a log].

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Shimon
שמעון šmˁwn: Shimon
שמעון šmˁwn
שמעון šmˁwn: Shimon
Shimon

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[Simply] all
כלן kln: all
כלן kln
כלן kln: all
[Simply] all

with disturbing [practices].
ב־ b-: with; רהיב rhyb: disturbed, awful, appalling
ברביעית brbyˁyt
ב־ b-: with; רביע rbyˁ: fourth, quarter
[as of] a quarter [of a log].

[It is] appropriate [?]
ולא wlˀ: fit, appropriate
ולא wlˀ
ולא wlˀ: fit, appropriate
[It is] appropriate [?]

to say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אמרו ˀmrw
אמר ˀmr: say
to say:

All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All

bodily intimacies
שאר šˀr: flesh, bodily contact, intimacy
השעורין hšˁwryn
שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
measures

these
אלו ˀlw: these, the following
הללו hllw
אלו ˀlw: these, the following
these

[are] only [allowed]
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
[are] only [allowed]

[if they] are secret.
ל־ l-: to; צנע ṣnˁ: private, hidden, secret; הן hn: they
למצניעיהן lmṣnyˁyhn
ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit; הן hn: they
[if] they are deposited [like that].

Shabbat 8:1.b

Shabbat 8:2.a

Encrypted: It is forbidden to bring out practices involving injury, when it is committing adultery that is forced. Acts of swallowing, when it is done with it hanging out for squirting or for flowing. Lord Yehudah says: When it involves sucking from the rod of the tormented genital organ.

Official: It is forbidden to bring out a rope, when the measure is that of making an ear shaped handle of a basket. Reed-grass, when the measure is that of making a hanger for a sieve or for a sifter. Rabbi Yehudah says: When the measure is that of the patching of a measure of the shoe of a young child.

[It is forbidden] to bring out
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[It is forbidden] to bring out

[practices involving] injury [?],
חבל ḥbl: wound, damage, injury
חבל ḥbl
חבל ḥbl: rope, cord
a rope,

when
כדי kdy: when, in order to
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when, in order to
when

[it is] committing
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] making

adultery
זני zny: adultery, fornication
אזן ˀzn
אזן ˀzn: ear
an ear [shaped handle???]

that is forced [?].
ל־ l-: to; כפה kph: subdue, force, compel
לקפה lqph
ל־ l-: to; קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
of a basket.

[Acts of] swallowing,
גמי gmy: swallow, quaff
גמי gmy
גמי gmy: reed-grass
Reed-grass,

when
כדי kdy: when, in order to
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when, in order to
when

[it is] done
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] making

[with it] hanging [out]
תלא tlˀ: hang, suspend
תלאי tlˀy
תלא tlˀ: hang, suspend
a hanger

for squirting
ל־ l-: for; נפע npˁ: blow, squirt into the mouth
לנפה lnph
ל־ l-: for; נפה nph: sift, sieve
for a sieve

or for flowing.
ל־ l-: for; קבר qbr: swell up, overflow
ולכברה wlkbrh
ל־ l-: for; כבר kbr: sift
or for a sifter.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

When
כדי kdy: when, in order to
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when, in order to
When

[it involves] sucking
ל־ l-: to; טלע ṭlˁ: pull at, suck at
לטל lṭl
ל־ l-: to; טלא ṭlˀ: hang on, patch
[the measure is that of] the patching

from
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
ממנו mmnw
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: from
of

the rod
מטה mṭh: stick, rod, staff
מדת mdt
מדה mdh: measure, rule, principle
a measure

of the tormented [?]
מ־ m-: of; נול nwl: tormented, disgraced
מנעל mnˁl
מ־ m-: of; נעל nˁl: shoe
of the shoe

genital organ.
ל־ l-: for; קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
לקטן lqṭn
ל־ l-: for; קטן qṭn: young, small
of a young [child].

Shabbat 8:2.a

Shabbat 8:2.b

Encrypted: Shameful practices, when it involves submission to bound sexual chastisement. Bringing out bound sexual chastisement, one is then guilty of a real mistake. Shameful practices with imitating roles, when it is combined by theory with a penetration of the genitals of the kind with discharge.

Official: Paper, when the measure is that of the writing on a document of taxation. Bringing out the document of taxation itself, one is then is obligated for an offering Paper with erased writings, when the measure is that of wrapper paper by theory around a bottle that is small of perfume.

Shameful [practices],
נור nwr: ashamed; נורא nwrˀ: dreadful, terrible
ניר nyr
ניר nyr: papyrus, paper
Paper,

when
כדי kdy: when, in order to
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when, in order to
when

[it involves] submission [?]
ל־ l-: to; כדב kdb: false, submissive, subjugated
לכתב lktb
ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write, document
[the measure is that of] the writing

to
על ˁl: on
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on
on

bound [?]
קשר qšr: bind, tie, arrange
קשר qšr
קשר qšr: folded document
a document

[sexual] chastisement [?].
מכסן mksn: chastise, chastised
מוכסין mwksyn
מכסן mksn: pay; מכס mks: tax, toll
of taxation.

Bringing out
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
והמוציא whmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
Bringing out

bound [?]
קשר qšr: bind, tie, arrange
קשר qšr
קשר qšr: folded document
the document

[sexual] chastisement [?],
מכסן mksn: chastise, chastised
מוכסין mwksyn
מכסן mksn: pay; מכס mks: tax, toll
of taxation [itself],

[one is then] guilty [of a real mistake].
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
[one is then] is obligated [for an offering]

Shameful [practices]
נור nwr: ashamed; נורא nwrˀ: dreadful, terrible
ניר nyr
ניר nyr: papyrus, paper
Paper

[with] imitating [roles?],
מחקה mḥqh: imitated, imitator
מחוק mḥwq
מחק mḥq: erased place, erasure
[with] erased [writings],

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] combined
ל־ l-: to; כרך krk: combined action, simultaneously
לכרך lkrk
ל־ l-: to; כרך krk: wrap, surround
[the measure is that of] wrapper [paper]

by
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
by

theory
פה ph: word, speech
פי py
פה ph: word, speech
theory

with a penetration
צלח ṣlḥ: split, break through, penetrate
צלוחית ṣlwḥyt
צלוחית ṣlwḥyt: bottle, flask
[around] a bottle

of the genitals
קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
קטנה qṭnh
קטן qṭn: small
that is small

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the [kind with] discharge.
פלוט plwṭ: discharged, ejected; ־ן -n: (suffix)
פליטון plyṭwn
פוליטון pwlyṭwn: foliatum, perfume
perfume.

Shabbat 8:2.b

Shabbat 8:3.a

Encrypted: The penis, when it involves making it to squeeze it. Rubbing away, when joining into debauchery with the genitals which is in the frivolity of it submitting to sexual perversion.

Official: Animal skins, when the measure is that of making an amulet. Parchment, when the measure is that of writing on it a section that is small which is like in the prayers of it the prayer Shema Israel.

The penis [?],
אירא ˀyrˀ: penis
עור ˁwr
עור ˁwr: skin, hide
[Animal] skins,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it involves] making
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] making

[it] to squeeze [it?].
קמע qmˁ: bind, tie up, squeeze
קמע qmˁ
קמיע qmyˁ: amulet
an amulet.

Rubbing away,
קלף qlp: rub away
קלף qlp
קלף qlp: peel, parchment
Parchment,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

joining
ל־ l-: to; כתף ktp: join
לכתב lktb
ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write, compose
[the measure is that of] writing

into
על ˁl: on, upon
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, upon
on it

debauchery
פרץ prṣ: lustful, debauchery
פרשה pršh
פרשה pršh: section
a section

[with] the genitals [?]
קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
קטנה qṭnh
קטן qṭn: small
that is small

which is in the frivolity
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; תפלה tplh: frivolity, indecency
שבתפלין šbtplyn
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
which is [like] in the prayers

of it
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
of it

submitting to [?]
שמע šmˁ: obey, submit to authority, sex slave
שמע šmˁ
שמע šmˁ: Shema
the prayer Shema

sexual perversion [?].
איסור ˀyswr: sexual; עול ˁwl: perversion
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
Israel.

Shabbat 8:3.a

Shabbat 8:3.b

Encrypted: Inflicting pain, when joining two gratifiers. Having a sexual assembly, when it is to assemble a group for sexual desires as one.

Official: Ink, when writing two letters. Eye paint, when the measure is that to paint an eye one.

[Inflicting] pain [?],
דוי dwy: affliction, feel pain, groan
דיו dyw
דיו dyw: fluid, writing ink
Ink,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

joining
ל־ l-: to; כתף ktp: join
לכתב lktb
ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write, compose
writing

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

gratifiers.
אות ˀwt: pleased, gratified, enjoy
אותיות ˀwtywt
אות ˀwt: writing, letter
letters.

[Having a sexual] assembly,
קהל qhl: congregation, assembly
כחל kḥl
כחל kḥl: paint the eyes
Eye paint,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to assemble [a group]
ל־ l-: to; קהל qhl: congregation, assembly
לכחל lkḥl
ל־ l-: to; כחל kḥl: paint the eyes
[the measure is that] to paint

[for sexual] desires
יען yˁn: desire, desirous
עין ˁyn
עין ˁyn: eye
an eye

[as] one.
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
one.

Shabbat 8:3.b

Taking out the penis is forbidden.

Shabbat 8:4.a

Encrypted: It is forbidden to bring out that special appendage, when it involves placing the top for rubbing. The special “stick” and the genitals, when it is to do a perforating of other people. The smooth, soft organ, when it is for putting it in the opening of a hole in the genitals.

Official: It is forbidden to bring out glue, when the measure is that of placing it on the top of a branch. Tar and sulphur, when the measure is that of making a hole and sealing it. Wax, when the measure is that of putting it on the opening of a hole that is small.

[It is forbidden to bring out that special] appendage,
דבק dbq: joining, appendage
דבק dbq
דבק dbq: glue, paste
[It is forbidden to bring out] glue,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it involves] placing
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
לתן ltn
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
[the measure is that of] placing [it]

the top [?]
ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: head, top
בראש brˀš
ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: head, top
on the top

for rubbing.
שפשף špšp: rub against
השבשבת hšbšbt
שבשבה šbšbh: branch, shoot
of a branch.

[The special] “stick”
זפתא zptˀ: pin, hammer, stick
זפת zpt
זפת zpt: pitch, tar
Tar

and the genitals,
גברותא gbrwtˀ: genitals, male sexual organs
וגפרית wgpryt
גפרית gpryt: sulphur
and sulphur,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to do
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] making

a perforating [of other people].
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
נקב nqb
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
a hole [and sealing it??].

The smooth, soft [organ?],
שוע šwˁ: smooth, soft
שעוה šˁwh
שעוה šˁwh: wax, gum
Wax,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is for] putting [it]
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
לתן ltn
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
[the measure is that of] putting [it]

in
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

the opening
פה ph: mouth, opening
פי py
פה ph: mouth, opening
the opening

of a hole
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
נקב nqb
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
of a hole

in the genitals.
קטון qṭwn: tail; בית קוטנין byt qwṭnyn: male genital area
קטן qṭn
קטן qṭn: small
that is small.

Shabbat 8:4.a

Shabbat 8:4.b

Encrypted: The prickly stinger, when it is to act in an opening that is narrow, of a union of the emotional kind. Lord Yehudah says: When it is to act in the talking organ. The pleasure organ, when it is for putting it in the opening that is narrow, of a union of the emotional kind.

Official: Potsherds, when the measure is that of making an opening in the bellows of a smelting vessel for gold. Rabbi Yehudah says: When the measure is that of making a tripod. Bran-flour, when the measure is that of putting it on the opening of the bellows of a smelting vessel for gold.

The prickly stinger [??],
חרז ḥrz: pierce, sting, perforate; חרזי ḥrzy: prickly
חרסית ḥrsyt
חרס ḥrs: clay, potsherd
Potsherds,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to act
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] making

[in] an opening
פה ph: mouth, opening
פי py
פה ph: mouth, opening
an opening

that is narrow [?],
כור kwr: warm, narrow
כור kwr
כורא kwrˀ: bellows
[in] the bellows [??]

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

a union
צרף ṣrp: join, combine, unite
צורפי ṣwrpy
צרף ṣrp: smelt, refine
a smelting [vessel]

of the emotional [kind].
זחף zḥp: incite; זוחף zwḥp: incitement, emotion
זהב zhb
זהב zhb: gold
[for] gold.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

When
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
When

[it is] to act
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] making

[in] the talking [organ?].
פטפט pṭpṭ: talk, prattle, chatter
פטפוט pṭpwṭ
פטפוט pṭpwṭ: leg of a tripod
a tripod [??].

The pleasure [organ?],
צבין ṣbyn: desire, pleasure
סבין sbyn
סובין swbyn: bran-flour
Bran-flour,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is for] putting [it]
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
לתן ltn
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
[the measure is that of] putting [it]

in
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

the opening
פה ph: mouth, opening
פי py
פה ph: mouth, opening
the opening

that is narrow [?],
כור kwr: warm, narrow
כור kwr
כורא kwrˀ: bellows
of the bellows [??]

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

a union
צרף ṣrp: join, combine, unite
צורפי ṣwrpy
צרף ṣrp: smelt, refine
a smelting [vessel]

of the emotional [kind].
זחף zḥp: incite; זוחף zwḥp: incitement, emotion
זהב zhb
זהב zhb: gold
[for] gold.

Shabbat 8:4.b

Shabbat 8:4.c

Encrypted: The intimate organ, when it is to satisfy small “girls”. Lord Yehudah says: when it is to be used for sexual sinning. Lord Nehemiah says: when it is to be used to blow away with it.

Official: Lime, when the measure is that of plastering small girls. Rabbi Yehudah says: when the measure is that of using it on the front hair. Rabbi Nehemiah says: when the measure is that of using it to make disappear hair.

The intimate [organ?],
סוד swd: secret, intimate union; סודא swdˀ: satisfaction
סיד syd
סוד swd: lime, plaster
Lime,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to satisfy
ל־ l-: to; סוד swd: secret, intimate union; סודא swdˀ: satisfaction
לסוד lswd
ל־ l-: to; סוד swd: lime, plaster
[the measure is that of] plastering

small
קטן qṭn: small
קטנה qṭnh
קטן qṭn: small
small

“girls”.
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; בנות bnwt: daughters, maidens
שבבנות šbbnwt
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: among; בנות bnwt: daughters, maidens
girls [???].

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to be used
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] using [it]

[for sexual] sinning.
קלקול qlqwl: spoiling, sin
כלכול klkwl
כלכול klkwl: front hair
on the front hair.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Nehemiah
נחמיה nḥmyh: Nehemiah
נחמיה nḥmyh
נחמיה nḥmyh: Nehemiah
Nehemiah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to be used
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] using [it]

to blow away [with it].
נדף ndp: scatter, blow, blow away
אנדיפי ˀndypy
נדף ndp: disappear, vanish
to make disappear [hair??].

Shabbat 8:4.c

Shabbat 8:5.a

Encrypted: The male organ, as of employing it in joining tighly with another. These are the words of lord Akiva. And the advisors say: As of employing it as a staff.

Official: Earth, as of a measure for sealing the pavement. These are the words of rabbi Akiva. And the advisors say: As of a measure for sealing letters.

The male organ,
הדמא hdmˀ: member, limb, male organ
אדמה ˀdmh
אדמה ˀdmh: earth
Earth,

as of employing [it]
כ־ k-: as; חדם ḥdm: employ
כחותם kḥwtm
כ־ k-: as; חתם ḥtm: seal
as of [a measure for] sealing

[in] joining tighly [with another].
מ־ m-: of; רצף rṣp: join, draw tightly together, connect tightly
המרצופים hmrṣwpym
מ־ m-: of; רצף rṣp: press, squashed, pave
the pavement.

[These are] the words
דבר dbr: word, speech
דברי dbry
דבר dbr: word, speech
[These are] the words

of lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
of rabbi

Akiva.
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
Akiva.

And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

As of employing [it]
כ־ k-: as; חדם ḥdm: employ
כחותם kḥwtm
כ־ k-: as; חתם ḥtm: seal
As of [a measure for] sealing

[as] a staff.
אגר ˀgr: staff, pole
האגרות hˀgrwt
אגר ˀgr: letter
letters.

Shabbat 8:5.a

Shabbat 8:5.b

Encrypted: The hanging organ or piercing organ that is so thin, when it is to be stretched into a stem of ploughing into someone. These are the words of lord Akiva. And the advisors say: When it is to be stretched into the bodily cavities. The piercing organ that is vulgar, when it is being put to fill a cavity of the intimate kind.

Official: Manure and sand that is fine, when the measure is that of fertilizing a stem of cabbage. These are the words of rabbi Akiva. And the advisors say: When the measure is that of Sand that is coarse, when the measure is that of being put on a full spoon of plaster.

The hanging [organ]
שבל šbl: hang down, stretch along, dangle
זבל zbl
זבל zbl: fertilize, manure
Manure

or piercing [organ]
חלל ḥll: pierce, perforate
וחל wḥl
חל ḥl: sand
and sand

that is so thin,
דק dq: thin, fine
הדק hdq
דק dq: thin, fine
that is fine,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to be stretched
ל־ l-: to; שבל šbl: hang down, stretch along, dangle
לזבל lzbl
ל־ l-: to; זבל zbl: fertilize, manure
[the measure is that of] fertilizing

[into] a stem [?]
קלח qlḥ: stem, stalk
קלח qlḥ
קלח qlḥ: stem, stalk
a stem [?]

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

ploughing [into someone].
כרב krb: plough
כרוב krwb
כרב krb: cabbage
cabbage [??].

[These are] the words
דבר dbr: word, speech
דברי dbry
דבר dbr: word, speech
[These are] the words

of lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
of rabbi

Akiva.
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
Akiva.

And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

When
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
When

[it is] to be stretched
ל־ l-: to; שבל šbl: hang down, stretch along, dangle
לזבל lzbl
ל־ l-: to; זבל zbl: fertilize, manure
[the measure is that of]

[into] the bodily cavities.
כרסא krsˀ: abdomen, bowels, bodily cavities
כרשא kršˀ
כרישא kryšˀ: leek
 

The piercing [organ]
חלל ḥll: pierce, perforate
חל ḥl
חל ḥl: sand
Sand

that is vulgar,
גס gs: vulgar
הגס hgs
גס gs: coarse
that is coarse,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] being put
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
לתן ltn
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
[the measure is that of] being put

to
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

fill
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
מלא mlˀ
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
a full

a cavity
כפה kph: vault, cavity
כף kp
כף kp: spoon
spoon

of the intimate [kind].
סוד swd: intimate union; סודא swdˀ: desire, satisfaction
סיד syd
סוד swd: lime, plaster
of plaster.

Shabbat 8:5.b

Shabbat 8:5.c

Encrypted: The penis, when is to act as a scribal pen on someone. And if it is thick & large or sprinkling, when it is to sprinkle with it a crack that is small, which is a crack to be pounded and put on to be joined to.

Official: Reed, when the measure is that of making a scribal pen. And if it is too thick & large or broken, when the measure is that of boiling with it an egg for roasting, which is an egg to be mixed and put in a pan.

The penis,
קנה qnh: penis
קנה qnh
קנה qnh: reed, stalk
Reed,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

is to act [as]
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] making

a scribal pen [on someone].
קולמוס qwlmws: kalamos, scribal pen, writing pen
קלמוס qlmws
קולמוס qwlmws: kalamos, scribal pen, writing pen
a scribal pen.

And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if

it is
היה hyh: be
היה hyh
היה hyh: be
it is

thick & large
עב ˁb: thick, large
עב ˁb
עב ˁb: thick, large
[too] thick & large

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

sprinkling,
מ־ m-: of; רסס rss: pound, sprinkling
מרסס mrss
מ־ m-: of; רסס rss: break into small pieces
broken,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to sprinkle
ל־ l-: to; בזל bzl: sprinkle, shaking
לבשל lbšl
ל־ l-: to; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
[the measure is that of] boiling

with it
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it

a crack
בוזע bwzˁ: crack, perforation
ביצה byṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
an egg

that is small,
קלי qly: little, small
קלה qlh
קלי qly: roast, burn
[for] roasting,

which is a crack
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; בוזע bwzˁ: crack, perforation
שבביצים šbbyṣym
ש־ š-: which; ב־ b-: in; ביצה byṣh: egg
which is an egg

to be pounded
טרפה ṭrph: pounding
טרופה ṭrwph
טרף ṭrp: beat up, mix
to be mixed

and put on
נתן ntn: put, place
ונתונה wntwnh
נתן ntn: put, place
and put

to be joined to.
ב־ b-: on; לבש lbš: envelope a body, be joined to, copulate
באלפס bˀlps
ב־ b-: in; אלפס ˀlps: lopas, pan, stew-pot
in a pan.

Shabbat 8:5.c

Shabbat 8:6.a

Encrypted: The “boner”, when it is to act as a ladle. Lord Yehudah says: when it is to make of it a rubbing.

Official: A bone, when the measure is that of making a spoon. Rabbi Yehudah says: when the measure is that of making of it a key.

The “boner”,
עצם ˁṣm: bone
עצם ˁṣm
עצם ˁṣm: bone
A bone,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to act [as]
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] making

a ladle.
תרוד trwd: ladle
תרוד trwd
תרוד trwd: spoon
a spoon.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to make
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[the measure is that of] making

of it
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: of, from; ־ו -w: him, it
ממנו mmnw
מ־ m-: of; מן mn: of, from; ־ו -w: him, it
of it

a rubbing.
חפף ḥpp: bend over, rub, rub against
חף ḥp
חף ḥp: bit of a key
a key.

Shabbat 8:6.a

Shabbat 8:6.b

Encrypted: The organ of sexual intercourse, when it is to grate with it the top of the little peg. The organ of the libido or of desire, when it is to sprinkle on a handsome beauty. Lord Eliezer bar Jacob says: when it is to sprinkle on a handsome beastie.

Official: Glass, when the measure is that of grate with it the top of a spindle. Pebbles or stones, when the measure is that of throwing it on a bird. Rabbi Eliezer bar Jacob says: when the measure is that of throwing it on a beast.

[The organ] of sexual intercourse,
זקיק zqyq: sexual intercourse; ־ת -t: (suffix)
זכוכית zkwkyt
זכוכית zkwkyt: glass
Glass,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to grate
ל־ l-: to; גרר grr: grate, saw
לגרר lgrr
ל־ l-: to; גרר grr: grate, saw
[the measure is that of] grate

with it
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it

the top
ראש rˀš: head, top
ראש rˀš
ראש rˀš: head, top
the top

of the [little] peg.
כרכר krkr: spindle, peg top
הכרכר hkrkr
כרכר krkr: spindle, peg top
of a spindle.

[The organ] of the libido
יצר yṣr: desire, libido
צרור ṣrwr
צרור ṣrwr: little stone, pebble
Pebbles

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

of desire,
בענון bˁnwn: want, desire
אבן ˀbn
אבן ˀbn: stone
stones,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to sprinkle
ל־ l-: to; זרק zrq: sprinkle
לזרק lzrq
ל־ l-: to; זרק zrq: throw
[the measure is that of] throwing [it]

on a handsome beauty.
ב־ b-: on; יפה yph: fair, handsome, beautiful
בעוף bˁwp
ב־ b-: on; עוף ˁwp: bird
on a bird.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eliezer bar Jacob
אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb: Eliezer ben Jacob
אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb
אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb: Eliezer ben Jacob
Eliezer bar Jacob

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is] to sprinkle
ל־ l-: to; זרק zrq: sprinkle
לזרק lzrq
ל־ l-: to; זרק zrq: throw
[the measure is that of] throwing [it]

on a [handsome] beastie.
ב־ b-: on; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
בבהמה bbhmh
ב־ b-: on; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
on a beast.

Shabbat 8:6.b

Shabbat 8:7.a

Encrypted: The prickly stinger, when it is for placing it between a crack and his neighbor. These are the words of lord Yehudah. Lord Meir says: When it is for knocking with it into a perforation. Lord Yose says: when it is for receiving with it a coupling.

Official: Potsherds, when the measure is that of placing it between a page and its neighbor. These are the words of rabbi Yehudah. Rabbi Meir says: When the measure is that of raking with it a fire. Rabbi Yose says: when the measure is that of receiving with it a quarter of a log.

The prickly stinger [??],
חרז ḥrz: pierce, sting, perforate; חרזי ḥrzy: prickly
חרס ḥrs
חרס ḥrs: clay, potsherd
Potsherds,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is for] placing [it]
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
לתן ltn
ל־ l-: to; נתן ntn: put, place
[the measure is that of] placing [it]

between
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
between

a crack
פצע pṣˁ: split, crack, squeeze open
פצים pṣym
פצא pṣˀ: board, column, page
a page

and his neighbor.
ל־ l-: to; חברא ḥbrˀ: neighbor
לחברו lḥbrw
ל־ l-: to; חברא ḥbrˀ: neighbor
and its neighbor.

[These are] the words
דבר dbr: word, speech
דברי dbry
דבר dbr: word, speech
[These are] the words

of lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
of rabbi

Yehudah.
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Meir
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
מאיר mˀyr
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
Meir

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

When
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
When

[it is for] knocking [?]
ל־ l-: to; הטח hṭḥ: knock, beating
לחתות lḥtwt
ל־ l-: to; חתה ḥth: snatch up, rake
[the measure is that of] raking

with it
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it

[into]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a perforation [?].
אור ˀwr: perforate, break through
האור hˀwr
אור ˀwr: light, fire
a fire.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is for] receiving
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
לקבל lqbl
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: take, receive
[the measure is that of] receiving

with it
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it

a coupling.
רביעה rbyˁh: coupling, mating, sodomy
רביעית rbyˁyt
רביע rbyˁ: fourth, quarter
a quarter [of a log?].

Shabbat 8:7.a

Shabbat 8:7.b

Encrypted: Says lord Meir: Even though there is no evidence for this matter, there is an allusion to this matter: (Isaiah 30:14) “And not shall be found among those who seek close contact a single prickly stinger to seduce a man from the ones kindled for violence.” Says to him lord Yose: Is found from there more evidence? “And not shall be found one to get naked with the people from the exalted ones.” (same verse)

Official: Says rabbi Meir: Even though there is no evidence for this matter, there is an allusion to this matter: (Isaiah 30:14) “And not shall be found among the crushed pieces a single sherd to rake fire from the burning hearth.” Says to him rabbi Yose: Is found from there more evidence? “And not shall be found one to draw water from the cistern.” (same verse)

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Meir:
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
מאיר mˀyr
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
Meir:

Even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
Even though

there is no
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
there is no

evidence
ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
ראיה rˀyh
ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
evidence

for this matter,
ל־ l-: for; דבר dbr: thing, matter
לדבר ldbr
ל־ l-: for; דבר dbr: thing, matter
for this matter,

[there is] an allusion
זכר zkr: remembrance, mnemonical allusion
זכר zkr
זכר zkr: remembrance, mnemonical allusion
[there is] an allusion

to this matter:
ל־ l-: for; דבר dbr: thing, matter
לדבר ldbr
ל־ l-: for; דבר dbr: thing, matter
to this matter:

(Isaiah
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(ישעיה yšˁyh
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(Isaiah

30:14)
ל l: 30
ל) l
ל l: 30
30:14)

“And not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
“And not

[shall] be found
מצא mṣˀ: found
ימצא ymṣˀ
מצא mṣˀ: found
[shall] be found

among [those who seek?] close contact
ב־ b-: among; מ־ m-: of; כתת ktt: join closely, come in contact, pound
במכתתו bmkttw
ב־ b-: among; מ־ m-: of; כתת ktt: crush, beat
among the crushed [pieces]

a [single] prickly stinger [??]
חרז ḥrz: pierce, sting, perforate; חרזי ḥrzy: prickly
חרש ḥrš
חרש ḥrš: earthenware, potsherd
a [single] sherd

to seduce
ל־ l-: to; חטי ḥṭy: sin, make someone sin; חטא ḥṭˀ: seducer
לחתות lḥtwt
ל־ l-: to; חתי ḥty: take coals, rake
to rake

a man
איש ˀyš: man
אש ˀš
אש ˀš: fire
fire

from the [ones] kindled [for violence?].”
מ־ m-: from; יקד yqd: kindle, burn
מיקוד myqwd
מ־ m-: from; יקד yqd: kindle, burn
from the burning [hearth].”

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

to him
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to him

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Yose:
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose:

[Is found] from there
מ־ m-: from; שם šm: there
משם mšm
מ־ m-: from; שם šm: there
[Is found] from there

[more] evidence?
ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
ראיה rˀyh
ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
[more] evidence?

“And [not shall be found one] to get naked
ל־ l-: to; חשף ḥšp: strip, lay bare, make naked
ולחשף wlḥšp
ל־ l-: to; חשף ḥšp: draw water
“And [not shall be found one] to draw

[with] the people
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water

from the exalted [ones].”
מ־ m-: from; גבה gbh: high, exalted
מגבא mgbˀ
מ־ m-: from; גבא gbˀ: pond, cistern
from the cistern.”

(same verse)
שם šm: there
(שם) šm
שם šm: there
(same verse)

Shabbat 8:7.b

Stirring hatred & violence

In war, foreign populaces must be made abominable.

Shabbat 9:1.a

Encrypted: Says lord Akiva: From where does it come that the servants of a foreign land that they must be made abominable with the people being deceived, like a loathed thing? Of that it is said: (Isaiah 30:22) “You will loathe them like a sickness. Go out! you will say to them.”

Official: Says rabbi Akiva: From where does it come that the idol statue of a foreign god that it makes unclean with the people carrying it, like a woman's menstruation? Of that it is said: (Isaiah 30:22) “You will throw them the idol statues away like you would a menstruating woman. Go out! you will say to them.”

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Akiva:
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
Akiva:

From where [does it come that]
מנין mnyn: from where
מנין mnyn
מנין mnyn: from where
From where [does it come that]

the servants
ל־ l-: to; עבודה ˁbwdh: work, labor, service
לעבודה lˁbwdh
ל־ l-: to; עבודה ˁbwdh: worship, idolatry, idol
the idol [statue]

of a foreign [land]
זר zr: foreign, stranger
זרה zrh
זר zr: foreign, stranger
of a foreign [god]

that they
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
that it

[must be made] abominable
מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: abomination
מטמאה mṭmˀh
מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: defile, unclean
[makes] unclean

with [the people] being deceived,
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: deceive, beguile
במשא bmšˀ
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: lift, carry
with [the people] carrying [it],

like a loathed [thing]?
כ־ k-: as, like; נדה ndh: contempt, scorn; נדד ndd: despised, loathing
כנדה kndh
כ־ k-: as, like; נדה ndh: menstruation
like [a woman's] menstruation?

Of that it is said:
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
Of that it is said:

(Isaiah
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(ישעיה yšˁyh
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(Isaiah

30:22)
ל l: 30
ל) l
ל l: 30
30:22)

“[You will] loathe them
ת־ t-: will; זרא zrˀ: loathing; זור zwr: loathsome; ־ם -m: them
תזרם tzrm
ת־ t-: will; זרה zrh: scatter, cast away; ־ם -m: them
“[You will] throw them [the idol statues] away

like
כמו kmw: as, like
כמו kmw
כמו kmw: as, like
like

a sickness.
דוה dwh: sick, afflict
דוה dwh
דוה dwh: menstruous
[you would] a menstruating [woman].

Go out!
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
צא ṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
Go out!

you will say
ת־ t-: will; אמר ˀmr: say
תאמר tˀmr
ת־ t-: will; אמר ˀmr: say
you will say

to them.”
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to them.”

Shabbat 9:1.a

Shabbat 9:1.b

Encrypted: With whatever a loathed thing becomes abominable by deception, so also the servants of a foreign land can become abominable by deception.

Official: With whatever a mentruating woman makes unclean by carrying her, so also an idol statue of a foreign god makes unclean by carrying it.

[With] what[ever]
מה mh: what
מה mh
מה mh: what
[With] what[ever]

a loathed [thing]
נדה ndh: contempt, scorn; נדד ndd: despised, loathing
נדה ndh
נדה ndh: menstruation
a mentruating [woman]

[becomes] abominable
מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: abomination
מטמאה mṭmˀh
מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: defile, unclean
[makes] unclean

by deception,
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: deceive, beguile
במשא bmšˀ
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: lift, carry
by carrying [her??],

[so] also
אף ˀp: also, even
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: also, even
[so] also

the servants
עבודה ˁbwdh: work, labor, service
עבודה ˁbwdh
עבודה ˁbwdh: worship, idolatry, idol
an idol [statue]

of a foreign [land]
זר zr: foreign, stranger
זרה zrh
זר zr: foreign, stranger
of a foreign [god]

[can become] abominable
מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: abomination
מטמאה mṭmˀh
מ־ m-: of; טמא ṭmˀ: defile, unclean
[makes] unclean

by deception.
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: deceive, beguile
במשא bmšˀ
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נשא nšˀ: lift, carry
by carrying [it].

Shabbat 9:1.b

Massacres must appear pure, hatred on foreigners must be seeded.

Shabbat 9:2.a

Encrypted: From where does it come that a massacre that it must appear pure? Of that it is said: (Proverbs 30:19) “The way of violence must be in the minds of the people.”

Official: From where does it come that a ship that it is pure? Of that it is said: (Proverbs 30:19) “The path of a ship in the middle of the sea.”

From where [does it come that]
מנין mnyn: from where
מנין mnyn
מנין mnyn: from where
From where [does it come that]

a massacre
ל־ l-: to; סופנא swpnˀ: massacre, slaughter; סיף syp: sword
לספינה lspynh
ל־ l-: to; ספינה spynh: ship, boat
a ship

that it
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
that it

[must appear] pure?
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
טהורה ṭhwrh
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
is pure?

Of that it is said:
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
Of that it is said:

(Proverbs
משל mšl: proverb
(משלי mšly
משל mšl: proverb
(Proverbs

30:19)
ל l: 30
ל) l
ל l: 30
30:19)

“The way
דרך drk: path, way
דרך drk
דרך drk: path, way
“The path

of violence [?]
ענה ˁnh: violate; אנון ˀnwn: violence
אניה ˀnyh
אניה ˀnyh: ship, boat
of a ship

[must be] in the minds
ב־ b-: in; לב lb: heart, mind
בלב blb
ב־ b-: in; לב lb: middle
in the middle

of the people.”
עם ˁm: people
ים ym
ים ym: sea
of the sea.”

Shabbat 9:2.a

Shabbat 9:2.b

Encrypted: From where does it come that the killing in a war which is pillage upon pillage of slaughter, that one must sow in their middle this violence on strangers, and mix into the multitudes a spirit of killing, and unite them in its middle?

Official: From where does it come that a garden bed, which is six by six handbreadths, that one can sow in its middle five kinds of seed, by planting four by the four sides of the garden bed, and one in the middle?

From where [does it come that]
מנין mnyn: from where
מנין mnyn
מנין mnyn: from where
From where [does it come that]

the killing [in a war]
ל־ l-: to; הרג hrg: kill, slay, murder, slaughter
לערוגה lˁrwgh
ל־ l-: to; ערוגה ˁrwgh: garden bed, flowerbed
a garden bed,

which is
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he
which is

pillage
שסה šsh: plunder, spoil, pillage
ששה ššh
ששה ššh: six
six

upon
על ˁl: by, upon
על ˁl
על ˁl: by, upon
by

pillage
שסה šsh: plunder, spoil, pillage
ששה ššh
ששה ššh: six
six

of slaughter,
טבח ṭbḥ: slaughter, massacre
טפחים ṭpḥym
טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
handbreadths,

that [one must] sow
ש־ š-: that; זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
שזורעין šzwrˁyn
ש־ š-: that; זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
that [one can] sow

in [their] middle
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
בתוכה btwkh
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
in [its] middle

[this] violence
חמס ḥms: violence, do violence
חמשה ḥmšh
חמש ḥmš: five
five

[on] strangers,
זר zr: foreign, stranger
זרעונין zrˁwnyn
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
[kinds of] seed,

[and] mix
ערב ˁrb: mix, combine, confuse
ארבעה ˀrbˁh
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
[by planting] four

into the multitudes
ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: multitude
בארבע bˀrbˁ
ב־ b-: on; ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
by the four

a spirit
רוח rwḥ: soul, spirit
רוחות rwḥwt
רוח rwḥ: side
sides

of killing,
הרג hrg: kill, slay, murder, slaughter
הערוגה hˁrwgh
ערוגה ˁrwgh: garden bed, flowerbed
of the garden bed,

and unite [them]
אחד ˀḥd: join, unite
ואחד wˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
and one

in [its] middle?
ב־ b-: in; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
באמצע bˀmṣˁ
ב־ b-: in; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
in the middle?

Shabbat 9:2.b

Shabbat 9:2.c

Encrypted: Of that it is said: (Isaiah 61:11) “Because it is as the oppressed bring forth their destruction, and as the commoners are seeded with destruction.” Innate “seed” is not said here, but rather actively “seeded” hatred.

Official: Of that it is said: (Isaiah 61:11) “Because it is as the earth brings forth a sprout, and as the garden the things sown makes grow.” Single “seed” is not said here, but rather several “sown” things.

Of that it is said:
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
Of that it is said:

(Isaiah
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(ישעיה yšˁyh
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(Isaiah

61:11)
סא sˀ: 61
סא) sˀ
סא sˀ: 61
61:11)

“Because [it is]
כי ky: that, because
כי ky
כי ky: that, because
“Because [it is]

as the oppressed
כ־ k-: as; רצץ rṣṣ: oppressed
כארץ kˀrṣ
כ־ k-: as; ארץ ˀrṣ: earth, ground
as the earth

bring forth
יצא yṣˀ: bring out, bring forth
תוציא twṣyˀ
יצא yṣˀ: bring out, bring forth
brings forth

[their] destruction,
שמה šmh: destruction, devastation, horror
צמחה ṣmḥh
צמח ṣmḥ: sprout, grow
a sprout,

and as the commoners
כ־ k-: as; גוני gwny: common, generic
וכגנה wkgnh
כ־ k-: as; גן gn: garden
and as the garden

are seeded
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
זרועיה zrwˁyh
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
[the things] sown

[with] destruction.”
שמה šmh: destruction, devastation, horror
תצמיח tṣmyḥ
צמח ṣmḥ: sprout, grow
[makes] grow.”

[Innate] “seed”
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
זרעה zrˁh
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
[Single] “seed”

[is] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[is] not

said [here],
נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
נאמר nˀmr
נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
said [here],

but rather
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, but rather
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, but rather
but rather

[actively] “seeded” [hatred].
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
זרועיה zrwˁyh
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
[several] “sown” [things].

Shabbat 9:2.c

In war, special safety is needed for all the spies & moles among the subjects.

Shabbat 9:3.a

Encrypted: From where does it come that the noblemen of high must still scatter among the people their agents, that they assimilate with them? Of that it is said: (Exodus 19:15) “There is in times of war danger to an agent from the people.”

Official: From where does it come that A woman who has discharge of intercourse semen on the day third, that she is unclean? Of that it is said: (Exodus 19:15) “It is because there is still danger after three days.”

From where [does it come that]
מנין mnyn: from where
מנין mnyn
מנין mnyn: from where
From where [does it come that]

the noblemen
ל־ l-: to; פלטין / פלטיא plṭyn / plṭyˀ: palatium, palace; פלטינוס plṭynws: nobleman
לפולטת lpwlṭt
ל־ l-: to; פלט plṭ: discharge
[A woman who has] discharge

of high
שגב šgb: be high, exalted, elevate
שכבת škbt
שכב škb: lie down, have intercourse
of intercourse

[must still] scatter
זרע zrˁ: scatter
זרע zrˁ
זרע zrˁ: seed, semen
semen

among the people
ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
on the day

[their] agents,
שלש šlš: leader, officer; שליש šlyš: agent
השלישי hšlyšy
שלש šlš: three
third,

that they
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, she, it
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, she, it
that she

assimilate [with them]?
טמע ṭmˁ: mix up, assimilate
טמאה ṭmˀh
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
is unclean?

Of that it is said:
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
Of that it is said:

(Exodus
שמות šmwt: Exodus
(שמות šmwt
שמות šmwt: Exodus
(Exodus

19:15)
יט yṭ: 19
יט) yṭ
יט yṭ: 19
19:15)

“There is
היה hyh: be
היו hyw
היה hyh: be
“It is [because]

[in times of war] danger
נכין nkyn: damage, dangerous thing
נכונים nkwnym
נכין nkyn: damage, dangerous thing
[there is still] danger

to an agent
ל־ l-: to; שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
לשלשת lšlšt
ל־ l-: to; שלש šlš: three
after three

from the people.”
מ־ m-: from; עם ˁm: people
ימים ymym
ימים ymym: days
days.”

Shabbat 9:3.a

Shabbat 9:3.b

Encrypted: From where does it come that it must still be safe to be a spy among the people for those agents even if duty falls on a time to be in war? Of that it is said: (Genesis 34:25) “And were among the people the agents even when they were suffering.”

Official: From where does it come that one can wash a circumcision on the day third even if the event falls on a time to be on a Sabbath? Of that it is said: (Genesis 34:25) “And it was on the day third when they were in pains.”

From where [does it come that]
מנין mnyn: from where
מנין mnyn
מנין mnyn: from where
From where [does it come that]

[it must still] be safe
ש־ š-: make; מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: trust, safe
שמרחיצין šmrḥyṣyn
ש־ š-: make; מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
[one can] wash

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[to be] a spy
מאלל mˀll: spy; מאללא mˀllˀ: spy
המילה hmylh
מילה mylh: circumcision
a circumcision

among the people
ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
on the day

[for those] agents
שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
השלישי hšlyšy
שלש šlš: three
third

[even if duty] falls on [a time]
ש־ š-: that; חל ḥl: apply, fall on
שחל šḥl
ש־ š-: that; חל ḥl: apply, fall on
[even if the event] falls on [a time]

to be
ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
להיות lhywt
ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
to be

in war?
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on a Sabbath?

Of that it is said:
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
Of that it is said:

(Genesis
בראשית brˀšyt: Genesis
(בראשית brˀšyt
בראשית brˀšyt: Genesis
(Genesis

34:25)
לד ld: 34
לד) ld
לד ld: 34
34:25)

“And were
היה hyh: be
ויהי wyhy
היה hyh: be
“And [it] was

among the people
ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
on the day

the agents
שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
השלישי hšlyšy
שלש šlš: three
third

[even] when they were
ב־ b-: in; היה hyh: be; ־ם -m: them
בהיותם bhywtm
ב־ b-: in; היה hyh: be; ־ם -m: them
when they were

suffering [?].”
כאב kˀb: pain, wound, sufferer
כאבים kˀbym
כאב kˀb: pain, wound, sufferer
[in] pains.”

Shabbat 9:3.b

Cautioning citizens must be silenced, the populace must be made violent.

Shabbat 9:3.c

Encrypted: From where does it come that one must bind the tongues of the cautioning ones among the leaders of the commoners that are to be slaughtered? Of that it is said: (Isaiah 1:18) “If are your killings like scarlet, they must like snow become white.”

Official: From where does it come that one binds a strip of scarlet on the head of the scape goat that is to be slaughtered? Of that it is said: (Isaiah 1:18) “Even if are your sins like scarlet, they will like snow become white.”

From where [does it come that]
מנין mnyn: from where
מנין mnyn
מנין mnyn: from where
From where [does it come that]

[one must] bind
ש־ š-: make; קשר qšr: join, connect, union
שקושרין šqwšryn
ש־ š-: make; קשר qšr: tie, bind
[one] binds

the tongues
לשון lšwn: tongue, strip
לשון lšwn
לשון lšwn: tongue, strip
a strip

of
של šl: belonging to, of
של šl
של šl: belonging to, of
of

the cautioning [ones?]
זהר zhr: cautious, warning, forewarned
זהורית zhwryt
זהורי zhwry: crimson
scarlet

among the leaders
ב־ b-: among; ראש rˀš: chief, leader
בראש brˀš
ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: head
on the head

of the commoners [?]
שרי šry: profane, common
שעיר šˁyr
שעיר šˁyr: goat
of the [scape] goat

[that are to] be slaughtered?
מ־ m-: of; ש־ š-: make; תלח tlḥ: wound, torment
המשתלח hmštlḥ
מ־ m-: of; ש־ š-: make; תלח tlḥ: wound, torment
[that is to] be slaughtered?

Of that it is said:
ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
Of that it is said:

(Isaiah
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(ישעיה yšˁyh
ישעיה yšˁyh: Isaiah
(Isaiah

1:18)
א ˀ: 1
א) ˀ
א ˀ: 1
1:18)

“If
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
“[Even] if

are
יהי yhy: be
יהיו yhyw
יהי yhy: be
are

your killings [?]
חתוי ḥtwy: breaking, killing; ־כם -km: your
חטאיכם ḥṭˀykm
חטי ḥṭy: sin; ־כם -km: your
your sins

like scarlet,
כ־ k-: like; שני šny: scarlet
כשנים kšnym
כ־ k-: like; שני šny: scarlet
like scarlet,

[they must] like snow
כ־ k-: like; שלג šlg: snow
כשלג kšlg
כ־ k-: like; שלג šlg: snow
[they will] like snow

[become] white.”
לבן lbn: white
ילבינו ylbynw
לבן lbn: white
[become] white.”

Shabbat 9:3.c

Shabbat 9:4.a

Encrypted: From where does it come that a crowd that it must be like an army in times of wiping things out? Even though there is no direct proof to this command, there is an allusion to this command, of that it is said: (Psalms 109:18) “And they will enter like the people into war, and like the servants into violence.”

Official: From where does it come that to anoint oneself that it is like forbidden drinking on the day of atonement? Even though there is no direct proof to this command, there is an allusion to this command, of that it is said: (Psalms 109:18) “And it will enter like water into his body, and like oil into his bones.”

From where [does it come that]
מנין mnyn: from where
מנין mnyn
מנין mnyn: from where
From where [does it come that]

a crowd
ל־ l-: for, of; סך sk: large crowd
לסיכה lsykh
ל־ l-: to; סוך swk: anoint
to anoint [oneself]

that it [must be]
ש־ š-: that; היא hyˀ: he, it
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: that; היא hyˀ: he, it
that it [is]

like an army
כ־ k-: like; סיעתא syˁtˀ: crowd, group, army, military division
כשתיה kštyh
כ־ k-: like; שתי šty: drink
like [forbidden] drinking

in times
ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
on the day

of wiping [things] out?
כפר kpr: delete, wipe out, purge
הכפורים hkpwrym
כפר kpr: forgive, atone
of atonement?

Even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
Even though

there is no
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: not
there is no

[direct] proof
ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
ראיה rˀyh
ראיה rˀyh: evidence, proof
[direct] proof

to this command,
ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: word, command
לדבר ldbr
ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: word, command
to this command,

[there is] an allusion
זכר zkr: remembrance, mnemonical allusion
זכר zkr
זכר zkr: remembrance, mnemonical allusion
[there is] an allusion

to this command,
ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: word, command
לדבר ldbr
ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: word, command
to this command,

of that it is said:
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
of that it is said:

(Psalms
תהלים thlym: Psalms
(תהלים thlym
תהלים thlym: Psalms
(Psalms

109:18)
קט qṭ: 109
קט) qṭ
קט qṭ: 109
109:18)

“And they will enter
ת־ t-: will; בוא bwˀ: go in, enter
ותבא wtbˀ
ת־ t-: will; בוא bwˀ: go in, enter
“And it will enter

like the people
כ־ k-: like; עמים ˁmym: people
כמים kmym
כ־ k-: like; מים mym: water
like water

into war,
ב־ b-: into; קרב qrb: war, battle
בקרבו bqrbw
ב־ b-: into; קרב qrb: middle, body
into his body,

and like the servants
כ־ k-: like; שמע šmˁ: servant; ־ין -yn: (plural)
וכשמן wkšmn
כ־ k-: like; שמן šmn: fat, oil
and like oil

into violence.”
ב־ b-: into; עצם ˁṣm: force, quarrel; עצים ˁṣym: violent
בעצמותיו bˁṣmwtyw
ב־ b-: into; עצם ˁṣm: bone, self
into his bones.”

Shabbat 9:4.a

Keeping secrets even in war

Even in warfare, hoaxes mustn’t be revealed.

Shabbat 9:5.a

Encrypted: Even in war, it is forbidden to bring out into the public knowledge any fraud, when it is for pretending towards the multitudes of the little people. Confusion, when it is for confusing the multitudes of the little people, also when joined this with that.

Official: On Sabbath, it is forbidden to bring out any wood, when the measure is that of boiling an egg for roasting. Spices, when the measure is that of spicing an egg for roasting, also when joined this with that.

[Even in war, it is forbidden] to bring out into the public [knowledge]
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[On Sabbath, it is forbidden] to bring out

[any] fraud,
עצי ˁṣy: force, violent, defraud
עצים ˁṣym
עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood
[any] wood,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is for] pretending [towards]
ל־ l-: to; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense
לבשל lbšl
ל־ l-: to; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
[the measure is that of] boiling

the multitudes
בושיי bwšyy: multitude; ביש byš: poor
ביצה byṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
an egg

of the little [people].
קלי qly: little, small
קלה qlh
קלי qly: roast, burn
[for] roasting.

Confusion,
תבל tbl: mixture, confusion
תבלין tblyn
תבל tbl: spice, season
Spices,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[it is for] confusing
תבל tbl: mixture, confusion
לתבל ltbl
ל־ l-: to; תבל tbl: spice, season
[the measure is that of] spicing

the multitudes
בושיי bwšyy: multitude; ביש byš: poor
ביצה byṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
an egg

of the little [people],
קלי qly: little, small
קלה qlh
קלי qly: roast, burn
[for] roasting,

also [when] joined
מ־ m-: of; צרף ṣrp: join
ומצטרפין wmṣṭrpyn
מ־ m-: of; צרף ṣrp: join
also [when] joined

this
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
this

with
עם ˁm: with
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with
with

that.
זה zh: that
זה zh
זה zh: that
that.

Shabbat 9:5.a

Even in warfare, spies & moles among the populace mustn’t be revealed.

Shabbat 9:5.b

Encrypted: The shells of spies, the shells of traitors, embedded people or pretenders, when they are for binding with them the rebellous ones of the common populace by being intermixed with them.

Official: The shells of nuts, the shells of pomegranates, woad or madder, when the measure is that of spicing with them clothes that are small in a hair net.

The shells
קלפה qlph: peel, shell
קלפי qlpy
קלפה qlph: peel, shell
The shells

of spies,
גשש gšš: scout, spy
אגוזים ˀgwzym
אגוז ˀgwz: nut
of nuts,

the shells
קלפה qlph: peel, shell
קלפי qlpy
קלפה qlph: peel, shell
the shells

of traitors,
רמיון rmywn: deceit; רמה rmh: betray; ־ן -n: (suffix)
רמונים rmwnym
רמון rmwn: pomegranate
of pomegranates,

embedded [people??]
שתאסתא štˀstˀ: incorporation, mixing, embedding
אסטיס ˀsṭys
אסטיס ˀsṭys: isatis, woad
woad

or pretenders [??],
עיפא ˁypˀ: cover, veil; עפי ˁpy: pretense
ופואה wpwˀh
פואה pwˀh: madder
or madder,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[they are for] binding
ל־ l-: to; עצב ˁṣb: bind up, vex, trouble
לצבע lṣbˁ
ל־ l-: to; צבע ṣbˁ: color, dye
[the measure is that of] spicing

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

the rebellous [ones]
בגד bgd: faithless, rebel
בגד bgd
בגד bgd: clothes, dress
clothes

of the common populace
קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
קטן qṭn
קטן qṭn: small
that are small

by being intermixed [with them].
ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: mix together, interwoven with
בסבכה bsbkh
ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: net, hair net
in a hair net [??].

Shabbat 9:5.b

Shabbat 9:5.c

Encrypted: People that are spies, observers or people in appearance, secret agents or scouts, when they are for oppressing with them the rebellous ones of the common populace by being intermixed with them. Lord Yehudah says: When they are for removing the ignoble elements in the populace.

Official: Water of the feet urine, natron or lye, Cimolian earth or soap, when the measure is that of washing with them clothes that are small in a hair net. Rabbi Yehudah says: When the measure is that of removing a stain on a cloth.

People
עם ˁm: people
מי my
מי my: water
Water

that are spies,
רגל rgl: spy, espy
רגלים rglym
רגל rgl: foot, feet
of the feet [urine?],

observers
נטר nṭr: watch, observe, guardian
נתר ntr
נתר ntr: natron
natron

or [people in] appearance [?],
בריאית bryˀyt: outwardly, by appearance
וברית wbryt
ברית bryt: lye, soap
or lye,

secret [agents]
כמינא kmynˀ: secretly, hidden, under cover
קמוניא qmwnyˀ
קימוניא qymwnyˀ: Cimolian earth
Cimolian earth [???]

or scouts,
סקולקא sqwlqˀ: scout, reconnaissance
ואשלג wˀšlg
אשלג ˀšlg: mineral used as a soap
or soap,

when
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
when

[they are for] oppressing
ל־ l-: to; כבש kbš: suppress, oppress
לכבס lkbs
ל־ l-: to; כבס kbs: press, wash
[the measure is that of] washing

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

the rebellous [ones]
בגד bgd: faithless, rebel
בגד bgd
בגד bgd: clothes, dress
clothes

of the common populace
קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
קטן qṭn
קטן qṭn: small
that are small

by being intermixed [with them].
ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: mix together, interwoven with
בסבכה bsbkh
ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: net, hair net
in a hair net [??].

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

When
כדי kdy: when
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: when
When

[they are for] removing
ל־ l-: to; עבר ˁbr: cross, vanish, remove
להעביר lhˁbyr
ל־ l-: to; עבר ˁbr: cross, vanish, remove
[the measure is that of] removing

 
על ˁl: on, to
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, to
 

the ignoble [elements in the populace].
כותמיא kwtmyˀ: infamous, ignoble
הכתם hktm
כתם ktm: stain, spot, blemish
a stain [on a cloth].

Shabbat 9:5.c

Shabbat 9:6.a

Encrypted: Secret agents, all of them are forbidden to make public! Professional spies, all of them are forbidden to make public! All kinds of veils and all kinds of tricks, all of them are forbidden to make public!

Official: Pepper, all amounts of it are forbidden to bring out! Tar, all amounts of it are forbidden to bring out! All kinds perfumes, and all kinds of cast metals, all amounts of them are forbidden to bring out!

[Secret] agents,
פלפל plpl: search; פולא pwlˀ: scouts, agents
פלפלת plplt
פלפל plpl: pepper
Pepper,

all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
all [amounts]

of them [are forbidden to make public]!
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it [are forbidden to bring out]!

[Professional?] spies,
תור twr: spy out, espy; ־ין -yn: (plural)
ועטרן wˁṭrn
עטרן ˁṭrn: tar, pitch
Tar,

all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
all [amounts]

of them [are forbidden to make public]!
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it [are forbidden to bring out]!

[All] kinds
מין myn: kind
מיני myny
מין myn: kind
[All] kinds

of veils [?]
ב־ b-: in; צמה ṣmh: veil; צמצם ṣmṣm: veil
בשמים bšmym
בשם bšm: spices, perfumes
perfumes,

and [all] kinds
מין myn: kind
ומיני wmyny
מין myn: kind
and [all] kinds

of tricks,
מ־ m-: of; תוכא twkˀ: trick, ruse, deception
מתכות mtkwt
מתך mtk: cast metal
of cast metals,

all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
all [amounts]

of them [are forbidden to make public]!
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
of them [are forbidden to bring out]!

Shabbat 9:6.a

Shabbat 9:6.b

Encrypted: The false faces of watchmen, and the masks of spies, the mocked appearances, and the mocked coverings, all of them are forbidden to make public, because the spies need to preserve them to hide in them!

Official: Stones of the sacrificial altar, and earth of the sacrificial altar, ancient bookworm eaten scrolls, and ancient bookworm eaten scroll coverings, all amounts of them are forbidden to bring out, because the people need to preserve them to eventually store them!

The [false] faces
מ־ m-: of; אפין ˀpyn: face, surface
מאבני mˀbny
מ־ m-: of; אבן ˀbn: stone
Stones

of watchmen,
מ־ m-: of; צופה ṣwph: watchman; צפיה ṣpyh: observation
המזבח hmzbḥ
מ־ m-: of; זבח zbḥ: slaughter, sacrifice
of the sacrificial [altar],

and the masks
מ־ m-: of; אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
ומעפר wmˁpr
מ־ m-: of; עפר ˁpr: dust, dirt, earth
and earth

of spies,
מ־ m-: of; צופה ṣwph: watchman; צפיה ṣpyh: observation
המזבח hmzbḥ
מ־ m-: of; זבח zbḥ: slaughter, sacrifice
of the sacrificial [altar],

the mocked
מוק mwq: sneer, mock
מקק mqq
מקק mqq: rot, decay, book-worm
[ancient] bookworm [eaten]

appearances,
סבר sbr: countenance, appearance
ספרים sprym
ספר spr: scroll, document
scrolls,

and the mocked
מוק mwq: sneer, mock
ומקק wmqq
מקק mqq: rot, decay, book-worm
and [ancient] bookworm [eaten]

coverings,
מטפחת mṭpḥt: covering, mantle
מטפחותיהם mṭpḥwtyhm
מטפחת mṭpḥt: covering, mantle
[scroll] coverings,

all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
all [amounts]

of them [are forbidden to make public],
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הן hn: they
of them [are forbidden to bring out],

[because the spies need to] preserve
ש־ š-: that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: preserve
שמצניעין šmṣnyˁyn
ש־ š-: that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: preserve
[because the people need to] preserve

them
אות ˀwt: him, it
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: him, it
them

to hide [in them]!
ל־ l-: to; גנז gnz: hide, hidden, conceal
לגנזן lgnzn
ל־ l-: to; גנז gnz: store
to [eventually] store [them]!

Shabbat 9:6.b

Shabbat 9:6.c

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: Even only bringing out into the public a secret attendant among the workers to be subdued, all of them are forbidden to make public, as it is said: (Deuteronomy 13:18 or 13:17) “So not the subjects will obtain by your hands any from the banned informations.”

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: Even only bringing out into the public the accessories of the foreign worship of stars, all amounts of it are forbidden to bring out, as it is said: (Deuteronomy 13:18 or 13:17) “So not you faithfuls will keep in your hands any from the cursed things.”

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Even [only]
אף ˀp: even, though
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even, though
Even [only]

bringing out [into the public]
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
bringing out [into the public]

a [secret] attendant
מ־ m-: of; משמש mšmš: attendant, servitor
ממשמשי mmšmšy
מ־ m-: of; משמש mšmš: accessory
the accessories

[among] the workers
עבודה ˁbwdh: work, labor, service
עבודת ˁbwdt
עבודה ˁbwdh: worship, idolatry, idol
of the [foreign] worship

to be subdued,
כפה kph: force, compel, subdue
כוכבים kwkbym
כוכב kwkb: star
of stars,

all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
all [amounts]

of them [are forbidden to make public],
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it [are forbidden to bring out],

as it is said:
ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: which; נ־ n-: is; אמר ˀmr: say
as it is said:

(Deuteronomy
דברים dbrym: Deuteronomy
(דברים dbrym
דברים dbrym: Deuteronomy
(Deuteronomy

13:18 [or 13:17])
יג yg: 13
יג) yg
יג yg: 13
13:18 [or 13:17])

“So not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
“So not

[the subjects] will obtain
דבק dbq: reach, obtain, acquire
ידבק ydbq
דבק dbq: cling, adhere
you [faithfuls] will keep

[by] your hands
ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand; ־ך -k: your
בידך bydk
ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand; ־ך -k: your
in your hands

any
מאומה mˀwmh: anything
מאומה mˀwmh
מאומה mˀwmh: anything
any

from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from

the banned [informations].”
חרם ḥrm: ban, curse
החרם hḥrm
חרם ḥrm: ban, curse
the cursed [things].”

Shabbat 9:6.c

Shabbat 9:7.a

Encrypted: Though if one brings out into the public a gathering of spies, even though there is in it kinds of spies many, one is not guilty of anything, except of a mistake a single one.

Official: If one brings out into the public a basket of wares, even though there is in it kinds of wares many, one is not obligated to do anything, except of sin-offering a single one.

[Though if one] brings out [into the public]
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[If one] brings out [into the public]

a gathering
קפא qpˀ: collect, gather
קפת qpt
קפה qph: basket, chest
a basket

of spies,
רגל rgl: spy, espy
הרוכלין hrwklyn
רכלה rklh: merchandise, goods, wares
of wares,

even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
even though

there is
ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
שיש šyš
ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
there is

in it
בה bh: in her
בה bh
בה bh: in her
in it

kinds [of spies]
מין myn: kind
מינין mynyn
מין myn: kind
kinds [of wares]

many,
רב rb: much, many
הרבה hrbh
רב rb: much, many
many,

[one is] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one is] not

guilty [of anything],
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
obligated [to do anything],

except of
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except of

a mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
sin-offering

a single one.
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
a single one.

Shabbat 9:7.a

Shabbat 9:7.b

Encrypted: Assistants of the hidden kind, even if they are inferior to actual aristocrats. Lord Yehudah ben Bathyra says: Even the petty criminals.

Official: Seeds of the garden, even in smaller quantity than as of a dried fig. Rabbi Yehudah ben Bathyra says: The measure is five seeds.

Assistants
עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
זרעוני zrˁwny
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
Seeds

of the hidden [kind],
גני gny: hide, hidden
גנה gnh
גן gn: garden
of the garden,

[even if they are] inferior
פחות pḥwt: inferior
פחות pḥwt
פחות pḥwt: small quantity
[even in] smaller quantity

to [actual] aristocrats.
מ־ m-: of, than; כ־ k-: as; גרגרא grgrˀ: nobles, nobility, aristocrats
מכגרוגרת mkgrwgrt
מ־ m-: of, than; כ־ k-: as; גרוגרת grwgrt: dried fig
than as of a dried fig [??].

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah ben Bathyra
יהודה בן בתירא yhwdh bn btyrˀ: Yehudah ben Bathyra
יהודה בן בתירא yhwdh bn btyrˀ
יהודה בן בתירא yhwdh bn btyrˀ: Yehudah ben Bathyra
Yehudah ben Bathyra

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[Even the petty] criminals [??].
חמס ḥms: criminality, violence
חמשה ḥmšh
חמש ḥmš: five
[The measure is] five [seeds?].

Shabbat 9:7.b

Shabbat 9:7.c

Encrypted: Assistants in hiding, they must stay disguised. Assistants under cover, they must stay disguised. Assistants who are agents among the slaves, they must stay disguised.

Official: For seeds of cucumbers, the measure is two. For seeds of gourds, the measure is two. For seeds of beans from Egypt, the measure is two.

Assistants
עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
זרע zrˁ
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
[For] seeds

[in] hiding,
כסיא ksyˀ: covering, hide
קשואין qšwˀyn
קשוא qšwˀ: cucumber
of cucumbers,

they [must stay] disguised.
שני šny: change, disguise
שנים šnym
שני šny: two
[the measure is] two.

Assistants
עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
זרע zrˁ
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
[For] seeds

[under] cover,
טלל ṭll: cover, screen
דלועין dlwˁyn
דלוע dlwˁ: gourd, pumpkin
of gourds,

they [must stay] disguised.
שני šny: change, disguise
שנים šnym
שני šny: two
[the measure is] two.

Assistants
עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
זרע zrˁ
זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
[For] seeds

who are agents
פולא pwlˀ: scouts, agents
פול pwl
פול pwl: bean
of beans

[among] the slaves,
מצר mṣr: slave
המצרי hmṣry
מצרי mṣry: Egyptian
[from] Egypt,

they [must stay] disguised.
שני šny: change, disguise
שנים šnym
שני šny: two
[the measure is] two.

Shabbat 9:7.c

Aristocratic spies must never be revealed, because nobles need their privacy.

Shabbat 9:7.d

Encrypted: Spies alive and clean, any of them is forbidden to reveal. If they are dead, it is only forbidden if they were noblemen.

Official: Locusts alive and clean, any amount of them is forbidden to bring out. If they are dead, the measure is as of a dried fig.

Spies
עקב ˁqb: track, trace, espy
חגב ḥgb
חגב ḥgb: locust
Locusts

alive
חי ḥy: alive
חי ḥy
חי ḥy: alive
alive

[and] clean,
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
טהור ṭhwr
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
[and] clean,

any
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
any [amount]

of them [is forbidden to reveal].
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of them [is forbidden to bring out].

[If] they are dead,
מת mt: dead
מת mt
מת mt: dead
[If] they are dead,

[it is only forbidden if they] were noblemen.
כ־ k-: as; גרגרא grgrˀ: nobles, nobility, aristocrats
כגרוגרת kgrwgrt
כ־ k-: as; גרוגרת grwgrt: dried fig
[the measure is] as of a dried fig [??].

Shabbat 9:7.d

Shabbat 9:7.e

Encrypted: Aristocrats under cover, whether alive or whether dead, any of them is forbidden to reveal. That is for the secrecy & privacy of it for the nobles.

Official: The locust of painted color, whether alive or whether dead, any amount of them is forbidden to bring out. That is because people keep it as a medicine.

Aristocrats
שפירא špyrˀ: noble, titled, aristocratic
צפרת ṣprt
צפרתא ṣprtˀ: small bird, locusts
The locust

[under] cover,
כרם krm: cover
כרמים krmym
כרם krm: paint
of painted [color],

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

alive
חי ḥy: alive
חיה ḥyh
חי ḥy: alive
alive

or whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
or whether

dead,
מת mt: dead
מתה mth
מת mt: dead
dead,

any
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
any [amount]

of them [is forbidden to reveal].
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of them [is forbidden to bring out].

That [is] for the secrecy & privacy
ש־ š-: for, that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: secret, privacy
שמצניעין šmṣnyˁyn
ש־ š-: for, that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
That [is because people] keep

of it
את ˀt: to
אותה ˀwth
את ˀt: to
it

for the nobles.
ל־ l-: for; רבא rbˀ: nobleman; רבביא rbbyˀ: nobles, magnates
לרפואה lrpwˀh
ל־ l-: for; רפואה rpwˀh: healing, cure, medicine
[as] a medicine.

Shabbat 9:7.e

Shabbat 9:7.f

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: Even bringing out into the public a spy alive but unfit, revealing any of them is forbidden. That is because the rulers need to keep them for their common populace to enact mockeries with them.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: Even bringing out a locust alive but unclean, any amount of them is forbidden. That is because people like to keep them for their young children to play with them.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Even
אף ˀp: even
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even
Even

bringing out [into the public]
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
bringing out

a spy
עקב ˁqb: track, trace, espy
חגב ḥgb
חגב ḥgb: locust
a locust

alive
חי ḥy: alive
חי ḥy
חי ḥy: alive
alive

[but] unfit,
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
טמא ṭmˀ
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
[but] unclean,

[revealing] any
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
any [amount]

of them [is forbidden].
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of them [is forbidden].

That [is because the rulers need] to keep
ש־ š-: for, that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
שמצניעין šmṣnyˁyn
ש־ š-: for, that; מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
That [is because people like] to keep

them
את ˀt: to
אותו ˀwtw
את ˀt: to
them

for [their] common populace
ל־ l-: for; קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
לקטן lqṭn
ל־ l-: for; קטן qṭn: young, small
for [their] young [children]

to [enact] mockeries
ל־ l-: for; שחק šḥq: mock, deride
לשחק lšḥq
ל־ l-: for; שחק šḥq: laugh, play
to play

with them.
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with them.

Shabbat 9:7.f

If spies are revealed, one must restore the cover.

Shabbat 10:1.a

Encrypted: If spies are deposited in the population as assistants, or for public appearances, or for confusion, if one brings them out into public knowledge in a war, one is guilty for any number of them.

Official: If one deposits seeds for sowing, or as a sample, or as a medicine, if one brings them out on Sabbath, one is guilty for any number of them.

[If spies] are deposited [in the population]
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
המצניע hmṣnyˁ
מ־ m-: of; צנע ṣnˁ: put aside, deposit
[If one] deposits [seeds]

as assistants,
עזר ˁzr: assist, help, helper
לזרע lzrˁ
ל־ l-: for; זרע zrˁ: sow, seed
for sowing,

or for public appearances,
ל־ l-: for; דוגמא dwgmˀ: show, public appearance
ולדגמא wldgmˀ
ל־ l-: for; דוגמא dwgmˀ: sample, example
or as a sample,

or for confusion,
ל־ l-: for; ערב ˁrb: mix, confuse
ולרפואה wlrpwˀh
ל־ l-: for; רפואה rpwˀh: healing, cure, medicine
or as a medicine,

[if one] brings [them] out [into public knowledge]
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
והוציאו whwṣyˀw
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[if one] brings [them] out

in a war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

[one] is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one] is guilty

for any [number]
ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, any
בכל bkl
ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, any
for any [number]

of them.
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: which; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of them.

Shabbat 10:1.a

Shabbat 10:1.b

Encrypted: But for revealing any other person, one is not guilty for it, except as of depending on the amount of damage. If one restores the cover, one is not guilty of anything for it, except as of depending on the amount of damage.

Official: But any other person is not guilty for it, except as of depending on the amount. If one restores the gathered seeds, one is not guilty for it, except as of depending on the amount.

But [for revealing?] any
כל kl: all, any
וכל wkl
כל kl: all, any
But any

[other] person,
אדם ˀdm: man, person
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, person
[other] person

[one is] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[is] not

guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
guilty

for it,
על ˁl: on, upon
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, upon
for it,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

as of [depending on] the amount [of damage].
כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
כשעורו kšˁwrw
כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
as of [depending on] the amount.

[If one] restores
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
חזר ḥzr
חזר ḥzr: restore, return
[If one] restores

the cover,
כנס kns: cover, shelter, meet
והכניסו whknysw
כנס kns: collect, gather
the gathered [seeds],

[one is] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one is] not

guilty [of anything]
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
guilty

for it,
על ˁl: on, upon
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, upon
for it,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
except

as of [depending on] the amount [of damage].
כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
כשעורו kšˁwrw
כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
as of [depending on] the amount.

Shabbat 10:1.b

Spies may be only revealed partially.

Shabbat 10:2.a

Encrypted: If one brings out an informer and puts him on the threshold of being revealed, whether he returns to him and brings him fully out, or whether he is then brought out by another person, one is excempt from guilt for the first part, because he did not do the whole task all at once.

Official: If one brings out food and places it on the threshold of the house, whether he returns to it and brings it fully out, or whether it is then brought out by another person, one is excempt from guilt for the first part, because he did not do the whole task all at once.

[If one] brings out
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[If one] brings out

an informer
אכל ˀkl: inform against
אכלין ˀklyn
אכל ˀkl: eat, consume
food

and puts [him]
נתן ntn: give, put, place
ונתנן wntnn
נתן ntn: give, put, place
and places [it]

on
על ˁl: in, upon
על ˁl
על ˁl: in, upon
on

the threshold [of being revealed],
אסכופה ˀskwph: threshold, doorframe
האסקפה hˀsqph
אסכופה ˀskwph: threshold, doorframe
the threshold [of the house],

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

he returns [to him]
ש־ š-: that; חזר ḥzr: restore, return, repeat
שחזר šḥzr
ש־ š-: that; חזר ḥzr: restore, return, repeat
he returns [to it]

and brings [him fully] out,
יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
והוציאן whwṣyˀn
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
and brings [it fully] out,

[or] whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
[or] whether

he is [then] brought out
ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
שהוציאן šhwṣyˀn
ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
it is [then] brought out

[by] another [person],
אחר ˀḥr: other, another
אחר ˀḥr
אחר ˀḥr: other, another
[by] another [person],

one is excempt [from guilt for the first part],
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
one is excempt [from guilt for the first part],

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

[he did] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
[he did] not

do
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עשה ˁšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
do

the [whole] task
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business, task
מלאכתו mlˀktw
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business, task
the [whole] task

[all] at once.
בבת־אחת bbt-ˀḥt: at once, simultaneously
בבת אחת bbt ˀḥt
בבת־אחת bbt-ˀḥt: at once, simultaneously
[all] at once.

Shabbat 10:2.a

Shabbat 10:2.b

Encrypted: If one takes a gathering of spies which is full of masked people, and puts them on the threshold of being revealed, so that they are revealed outside, then even though most of the masked people are revealed outside, one is excempt from guilt, until he brings out the whole gathering.

Official: If one takes a basket which is full of fruit, and places it on the threshold of the house, so that it is already outside, then even though most of the fruit is outside, one is excempt from guilt, until he brings out the whole basket.

[If one takes] a gathering [of spies]
קפא qpˀ: collect, gather
קפה qph
קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
[If one takes] a basket

which
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: which; היא hyˀ: he, it
which

is full
מלא mlˀ: full, filled
מלאה mlˀh
מלא mlˀ: full, filled
is full

of masked [people?],
אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
פרות prwt
פרי pry: fruit; פרא prˀ: bear fruit
of fruit,

and puts [them]
נתן ntn: give, put, place
ונתנה wntnh
נתן ntn: give, put, place
and places [it]

on
על ˁl: on, to
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, to
on

the threshold [of being revealed],
אסכופה ˀskwph: threshold, doorframe
האסקפה hˀsqph
אסכופה ˀskwph: threshold, doorframe
the threshold [of the house],

[so that they are revealed?] outside,
חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
החיצונה hḥyṣwnh
חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
[so that it is already] outside,

[then] even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
[then] even though

most
ש־ š-: that; רב rb: much, many
שרב šrb
ש־ š-: that; רב rb: much, many
most

of the masked [people?]
אפר ˀpr: bandage, mask
הפרות hprwt
פרי pry: fruit; פרא prˀ: bear fruit
of the fruit

[are revealed?] outside,
מ־ m-: of; ב־ b-: in; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
מבחוץ mbḥwṣ
מ־ m-: of; ב־ b-: in; חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
is outside,

[one] is excempt [from guilt],
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is excempt [from guilt],

until
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
until

he brings out
ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
שיוציא šywṣyˀ
ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
he brings out

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the whole
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
the whole

gathering.
קפא qpˀ: collect, gather
הקפה hqph
קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
basket.

Shabbat 10:2.b

Secrets may only be revealed in an unusual, back-handed manner.

Shabbat 10:3.a

Encrypted: If one brings out anything, whether in naive honesty, or whether in unfortunate circumstances, or in the middle of a jest, or by writing things down, then one is guilty, because things are thus brought out by people who are dullards.

Official: If one brings out anything, whether it is with the right hand, or whether it is with the left hand, or in the middle in one’s lap, or on one’s shoulder, then one is guilty, because things were thus brought out by the sons of Qehath.

[If one] brings out [anything],
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[If one] brings out [anything],

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

in [naive?] honesty,
ב־ b-: in; אמן ˀmn: faithfulness, truth, truly; אמונה ˀmwnh: honesty
בימינו bymynw
ב־ b-: with; ימין ymyn: right hand
[it is] with the right hand,

or whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
or whether

in unfortunate [circumstances],
ב־ b-: in; סמלי smly: left, unfortunate; סמליא smlyˀ: ill-fated
בשמאלו bšmˀlw
ב־ b-: with; שמאל šmˀl: left hand
[it is] with the left hand,

[or] in the middle
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
בתוך btwk
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
[or] in the middle

of a jest,
חוך ḥwk: laugh, jest, make fun
חיקו ḥyqw
חיק ḥyq: bosom, lap, fold of a garment
[in one’s] lap,

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

[by]
על ˁl: about, during, for
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, to
on

writing [things down],
כתב ktb: write, document, letter
כתפו ktpw
כתף ktp: shoulder
[one’s] shoulder,

[then one] is guilty,
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[then one] is guilty,

because [things are] thus
ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
שכן škn
ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
because [things were] thus

brought out
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
משא mšˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
brought out

[by] people
בן bn: man, belong to
בני bny
בן bn: son
[by] the sons

[who are] dullards.
קהיות qhywt: bluntness, dullness
קהת qht
קהת qht: Qehath
of Qehath [??].

Shabbat 10:3.a

Shabbat 10:3.b

Encrypted: But if one brings out things in a back handed manner, with slander, with word of mouth or verbally elbowing someone, with hearsay or with letting it slip, or with a deception speaking to the lower people, something between a deception and smooth speech, or a betrayal that is smooth, with a fraud, or with mockery, then one is excempt, because not did one bring out anything like in the manner that things are usually brought out.

Official: But if one brings out things in a back handed manner, with the foot, with the mouth or with the elbow, with the ear or with the hair, or with the hollow belt opening downward, between the hollow belt and the shirt, or the border of the shirt, with the shoe, or with the sandal, then one is excempt, because not did one bring out anything like in the manner that things are usually brought out.

[But if one brings out things in] a back
כ־ k-: as, like; לאחרא lˀḥrˀ: backward
כלאחר klˀḥr
כ־ k-: as, like; לאחרא lˀḥrˀ: backward
[But if one brings out things in] a back

handed [manner],
יד yd: hand
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand
handed [manner],

with slander,
ב־ b-: with; רגל rgl: slander, clumniate
ברגלו brglw
ב־ b-: with; רגל rgl: foot
with the foot,

with word of mouth
פה ph: speech, by word of mouth
בפיו bpyw
ב־ b-: with; פה ph: mouth
with the mouth

or [verbally??] elbowing [someone??],
ב־ b-: with; מרפק mrpq: elbow
ובמרפקו wbmrpqw
ב־ b-: with; מרפק mrpq: elbow
or with the elbow,

with hear[say?]
ב־ b-: with; אזן ˀzn: give ear, listen
באזנו bˀznw
ב־ b-: with; אזן ˀzn: ear
with the ear [???]

or with [letting it] slip,
ב־ b-: with; שרע šrˁ: slip, slip down, lead astray
ובשערו wbšˁrw
ב־ b-: with; שער šˁr: hair
or with the hair [???],

or with a deception
ב־ b-: with; פנד pnd: trick, artifice, deception
ובפנדתו wbpndtw
ב־ b-: with; פונדא pwndˀ: money-bag, hollow belt
or with the hollow belt

speaking
פה ph: speech, by word of mouth
ופיה wpyh
פה ph: mouth, opening
opening

to the lower [people],
ל־ l-: to; מטה mṭh: downward, below
למטה lmṭh
ל־ l-: to; מטה mṭh: downward, below
downward,

[something] between
בין byn: between
בין byn
בין byn: between
between

a deception
פנד pnd: trick, artifice, deception
פנדתו pndtw
פונדא pwndˀ: money-bag, hollow belt
the hollow belt

and smooth [speech??],
ל־ l-: to; חלק ḥlq: smooth, slippery
לחלוקו lḥlwqw
ל־ l-: to; חלוק ḥlwq: shirt, dressing gown
and the shirt,

[or] a betrayal
ספיתא spytˀ: treachery, betrayal, duplicity
ובשפת wbšpt
שפתא šptˀ: border, lip; ספתא sptˀ: edge, lip
[or] the border

[that] is smooth [??],
חלק ḥlq: smooth, slippery
חלוקו ḥlwqw
חלוק ḥlwq: shirt, dressing gown
of the shirt,

with a fraud [?],
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נאהלל nˀhll: dishonest, fraudulent, false
במנעלו bmnˁlw
ב־ b-: with; מ־ m-: of; נעל nˁl: shoe
with the shoe,

[or] with mockery [?],
ב־ b-: with; סנט snṭ: mock, sneer, scoff
בסנדלו bsndlw
ב־ b-: with; סנדל sndl: sandalion, sandal
[or] with the sandal,

[then one] is excempt,
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[then one] is excempt,

because not
ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
because not

did [one] bring out [anything]
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
הוציא hwṣyˀ
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
did [one] bring out [anything]

like [in] the manner
כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
כדרך kdrk
כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
like [in] the manner

[that things are usually] brought out.
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
המוציאין hmwṣyˀyn
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[that things are usually] brought out.

Shabbat 10:3.b

Revealing secrets through other people is as bad as doing it personally.

Shabbat 10:4.a

Encrypted: If one plans to bring out a thing personally, but then it is brought out for him by someone else, then that one is excempt. But if one plans to bring it out by someone else, but then it is brought out by him personally, then that one is guilty.

Official: If one plans to bring out a thing before him, but then it is brought out by him behind him, then that one is excempt. But if one plans to bring it out after him, but then it is brought out by him before him, then that one is guilty.

[If one] plans
מ־ m-: of; תכן tkn: estimate, planned
המתכון hmtkwn
מ־ m-: of; תכן tkn: estimate, planned
[If one] plans

to bring out [a thing]
ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
להוציא lhwṣyˀ
ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
to bring out [a thing]

personally [??],
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: presence, personally
לפניו lpnyw
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: front, before
before [him],

but [then it] is brought out
בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
ובא wbˀ
בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
but [then it] is brought out

for him
ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
לו lw
ל־ l-: to, by; ־ו -w: him
by him

[by someone] else [??],
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other; אחורי ˀḥwry: something else
לאחריו lˀḥryw
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
behind [him],

[then that one] is excempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[then that one] is excempt.

[But if one plans to bring it out by someone] else [??],
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other; אחורי ˀḥwry: something else
לאחריו lˀḥryw
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
[But if one plans to bring it out] after [him],

but [then it] is brought out
בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
ובא wbˀ
בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
but [then it] is brought out

by him
ל־ l-: to, by; ־ו -w: him
לו lw
ל־ l-: to, by; ־ו -w: him
by him

personally [??],
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: presence, personally
לפניו lpnyw
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: front, before
before [him],

[then that one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[then that one] is guilty.

Shabbat 10:4.a

Shabbat 10:4.b

Encrypted: In truth it is even said: If a lord girds himself in an apron of disguise, whether someone brings out this thing personally, or whether he has it done by someone else, he is guilty, because he let the lord be seen to be turned around to his true form.

Official: In truth it is even said: If a woman girds herself in an apron, whether she brings out a thing before her, or whether it is behind her, she is guilty, because an apron is often seen to be turned around.

In truth
ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
באמת bˀmt
ב־ b-: in; אמת ˀmt: truth
In truth

[it] is [even] said:
אמר ˀmr: say
אמרו ˀmrw
אמר ˀmr: say
[it] is [even] said:

[If] a lord
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
האשה hˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
[If] a woman

girds [himself]
חגר ḥgr: encircle, gird
החוגרת hḥwgrt
חגר ḥgr: encircle, gird
girds [herself]

in an apron [of disguise],
ב־ b-: in; סנר snr: girdle, belt, apron
בסינר bsynr
ב־ b-: in; סנר snr: girdle, belt, apron
in an apron,

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

[someone brings out this thing] personally [??],
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: presence, personally
מלפניה mlpnyh
ל־ l-: to; פני pny: front, before
[she brings out a thing] before [her],

[or] whether
בין byn: whether
ובין wbyn
בין byn: whether
[or] whether

[he has it done by someone] else [??],
מ־ m-: of; ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other; אחורי ˀḥwry: something else
מלאחריה mlˀḥryh
מ־ m-: of; ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
[it is] behind [her],

he is guilty,
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיבת ḥybt
חיב ḥyb: guilty
she is guilty,

because
ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
שכן škn
ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
because

[he let the lord??] be seen
ראי rˀy: see
ראוי rˀwy
ראי rˀy: see
[an apron is often] seen

to be
ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be, become
להיות lhywt
ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be, become
to be

turned around [to his true form].
חזר ḥzr: restore, cause correction
חוזר ḥwzr
חזר ḥzr: return, turn around
turned around [??].

Shabbat 10:4.b

Shabbat 10:4.c

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: That is so even if his surface was already penetrated.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: That is so even for those who receive notes on paper.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[That is so] even
אף ˀp: even, though
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even, though
[That is so] even

[if his] surface [??]
מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: oppose, face; קובל qwbl: surface
מקבלי mqbly
מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
[for those who] receive

was [already] penetrated [??].
פתק ptq: pierce, penetrate, break through
פתקין ptqyn
פתקה ptqh: note, piece of paper
notes [on paper].

Shabbat 10:4.c

Several parties may agree to reveal a secret.

Shabbat 10:5.a

Encrypted: If one brings out a wrapping veil into the domain public, one is guilty. But if it is brought out by two factions, they are exempt individually.

Official: If one brings out a talent of weight into the domain public, one is guilty. But if it is brought out by two persons, they are exempt individually.

[If one] brings out
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[If one] brings out

a wrapping [veil]
כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
ככר kkr
ככר kkr: loaf, talent
a talent [of weight]

into the domain
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
לרשות lršwt
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
into the domain

public,
רב rb: large, great, public
הרבים hrbym
רב rb: large, great, public
public,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one] is guilty.

[But if it] is brought out
יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
הוציאוהו hwṣyˀwhw
יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[But if it] is brought out

[by] two [factions???],
שנים šnym: two
שנים šnym
שנים šnym: two
[by] two [persons],

they are exempt [individually].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטורין pṭwryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
they are exempt [individually].

Shabbat 10:5.a

Shabbat 10:5.b

Encrypted: But if it is not possible for one faction to bring it out, and therefore it was brought out by two factions, they are guilty. But lord Simeon exempts this.

Official: But if it is not possible for one person to bring it out, and therefore it was brought out by two persons, they are guilty. But rabbi Simeon exempts this.

[But if it is] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[But if it is] not

possible
יכל ykl: can, able
יכל ykl
יכל ykl: can, able
possible

[for] one [faction???]
אחד ˀḥd: one
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
[for] one [person]

to bring [it] out,
ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
להוציאו lhwṣyˀw
ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
to bring [it] out,

and [therefore it] was brought out
יצא yṣˀ: bring out
והוציאוהו whwṣyˀwhw
יצא yṣˀ: bring out
and [therefore it] was brought out

[by] two [factions???],
שנים šnym: two
שנים šnym
שנים šnym: two
[by] two [persons],

they are guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיבים ḥybym
חיב ḥyb: guilty
they are guilty.

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
Simeon

exempts [this].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטר pwṭr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempts [this].

Shabbat 10:5.b

Veils of living people can be revealed, but not of the dead.

Shabbat 10:5.c

Encrypted: If one brings out an informer of less than the forbidden value in rank in a veil, one is exempt, even for the veil, because the veil is of secondary importance to him.

Official: If one brings out food of less than the permitted amount in a vessel, one is exempt, even for the vessel, because the vessel is of secondary importance to him.

[If one] brings out
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: proved, identified, carry into public
המוציא hmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: go out, bring out
[If one] brings out

an informer
אכל ˀkl: inform against
אכלין ˀklyn
אכל ˀkl: food
food

of less
פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
פחות pḥwt
פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
of less

than the [forbidden] value [in rank]
מ־ m-: than; כ־ k-: as; שער šˁr: value, measure
מכשעור mkšˁwr
מ־ m-: than; כ־ k-: as; שיעור šyˁwr: size, amount
than the [permitted] amount

in a veil,
ב־ b-: in; כלה klh: veil, curtain
בכלי bkly
ב־ b-: in; כלי kly: object, vessel
in a vessel,

[one] is exempt,
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is exempt,

even
אף ˀp: even, though
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even, though
even

for
על ˁl: for
על ˁl
על ˁl: for
for

the veil,
כלה klh: veil, curtain
הכלי hkly
כלי kly: object, vessel
the vessel,

because the veil
ש־ š-: for; כלה klh: veil, curtain
שהכלי šhkly
ש־ š-: for; כלי kly: object, vessel
because the vessel

is of secondary importance
טפל ṭpl: additional, of secondary importance
טפלה ṭplh
טפל ṭpl: additional, of secondary importance
is of secondary importance

to him.
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to him.

Shabbat 10:5.c

Shabbat 10:5.d

Encrypted: If it is a living person in a cover, one is exempt, even for the cover, because the cover is of secondary importance to him. If it is a dead person in a cover, one is guilty.

Official: If it is a living person on a bedding, one is exempt, even for the bedding, because the bedding is of secondary importance to him. If it is a dead person on a bedding, one is guilty.

[If it is]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[If it is]

a living [person]
חי ḥy: living
החי hḥy
חי ḥy: living
a living [person]

in a cover,
ב־ b-: in; מעטה mˁṭh: wrap, covering
במטה bmṭh
ב־ b-: on; מטה mṭh: couch, bed, frame, bier
on a bedding,

[one] is exempt,
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is exempt,

even
אף ˀp: even, though
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even, though
even

for
על ˁl: for
על ˁl
על ˁl: for
for

the cover,
מעטה mˁṭh: wrap, covering
המטה hmṭh
מטה mṭh: couch, bed, frame, bier
the bedding,

because the cover
ש־ š-: for; מעטה mˁṭh: wrap, covering
שהמטה šhmṭh
ש־ š-: for; מטה mṭh: couch, bed, frame, bier
because the bedding

is of secondary importance
טפל ṭpl: additional, of secondary importance
טפלה ṭplh
טפל ṭpl: additional, of secondary importance
is of secondary importance

to him.
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to him.

[If it is]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[If it is]

a dead [person]
מת mt: dead
המת hmt
מת mt: dead
a dead [person]

in a cover,
ב־ b-: in; מעטה mˁṭh: wrap, covering
במטה bmṭh
ב־ b-: on; מטה mṭh: couch, bed, frame, bier
on a bedding,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one] is guilty.

Shabbat 10:5.d

Shabbat 10:5.e

Encrypted: Thus also if one brings out the identity as a nobleman of a dead person the identity as a nobleman of a disgraced person, or the true nature of an agent, one is guilty. But lord Simeon exempts this.

Official: Thus also if one brings out a measure as of an olive from a corpse, or a measure as of an olive from a carcass that was not slaughtered, or a measure as of a lentil from a creeping animal, one is guilty. But rabbi Simeon exempts this.

Thus [also if one brings out]
כן kn: so, thus
וכן wkn
כן kn: so, thus
Thus [also if one brings out]

the [identity] as a nobleman
כ־ k-: as; זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility; זיותן zywtn: distinguished, noble
כזית kzyt
כ־ k-: as, like; זית zyt: olive
[a measure] as of an olive

of
מן mn: of, from
מן mn
מן mn: of, from
from

a dead [person]
מת mt: dead
המת hmt
מת mt: dead
a corpse,

the [identity] as a nobleman
כ־ k-: as; זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility; זיותן zywtn: distinguished, noble
וכזית wkzyt
כ־ k-: as, like; זית zyt: olive
or [a measure] as of an olive

of
מן mn: of, from
מן mn
מן mn: of, from
from

a disgraced [person],
נבל nbl: fade, decay, ruin, deface, disgrace
הנבלה hnblh
נבלה nblh: corpse, carcass
a carcass [that was not slaughtered],

or the [true] nature [?]
כ־ k-: as, like; אדש ˀdš: form, character, nature, kind
וכעדשה wkˁdšh
כ־ k-: as, like; עדשה ˁdšh: lentil
or [a measure] as of a lentil

of
מן mn: of, from
מן mn
מן mn: of, from
from

an agent [?],
סרסא srsˀ: agent; סרסור srswr: middleman, agent
השרץ hšrṣ
שרץ šrṣ: creeping thing, reptile
a creeping animal,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one] is guilty.

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
Simeon

exempts [this].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטר pwṭr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempts [this].

Shabbat 10:5.e

Revealing a physical disguise is forbidden.

Shabbat 10:6.a

Encrypted: If one removes the physical adornments this one with that one, or does so with an altered appearance, or does so with the hair, or does so with the mustache, or does so with the beard, or does so with the braids, or does so with the kohl, or does so with the red dye, lord Eliezer deems it guilty. And the advisors prohibit to do it even because of a war.

Official: If one removes the fingernails this one with that one, or by himself with the teeth, or does so with the hair, or does so with the mustache, or does so with the beard, or does so with the braids, or does so with the kohl, or does so with the red dye, rabbi Eliezer deems it guilty. And the advisors prohibit to do it because of the Sabbath.

[If one] removes
נטל nṭl: lift, remove
הנוטל hnwṭl
נטל nṭl: lift, remove
[If one] removes

the [physical?] adornments
שפור špwr: embellishment, improvement, adornment; ־ן -n: (suffix)
צפרניו ṣprnyw
צפורן ṣpwrn: nail of finger
the fingernails

this one
זו zw: this
זו zw
זו zw: this
this one

with that one,
ב־ b-: with; זו zw: this
בזו bzw
ב־ b-: with; זו zw: this
with that one,

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

[does so with] an altered [appearance],
ב־ b-: with; שנה šnh: change, alter, disguise
בשניו bšnyw
ב־ b-: with; שן šn: tooth
[by himself] with the teeth,

or [does] so
כן kn: so, thus
וכן wkn
כן kn: so, thus
or [does] so

[with] the hair,
שער šˁr: hair
שערו šˁrw
שער šˁr: hair
[with] the hair,

or [does] so
כן kn: so, thus
וכן wkn
כן kn: so, thus
or [does] so

[with] the mustache,
שפם špm: upper lip; שפמון špmwn: small mustache
שפמו špmw
שפם špm: upper lip; שפמון špmwn: small mustache
[with] the mustache,

or [does] so
כן kn: so, thus
וכן wkn
כן kn: so, thus
or [does] so

[with] the beard,
זקן zqn: beard
זקנו zqnw
זקן zqn: beard
[with] the beard,

or [does] so
כן kn: so, thus
וכן wkn
כן kn: so, thus
or [does] so

[with] the braids,
גדל gdl: plaiting, braid
הגודלת hgwdlt
גדל gdl: plaiting, braid
[with] the braids,

or [does] so
כן kn: so, thus
וכן wkn
כן kn: so, thus
or [does] so

[with] the kohl,
כחל kḥl: kohl, paint the eyes, as adornment
הכוחלת hkwḥlt
כחל kḥl: kohl, paint the eyes, as adornment
[with] the kohl,

or [does] so
כן kn: so, thus
וכן wkn
כן kn: so, thus
or [does] so

[with] the red dye,
פוקסיס pwqsys: red dye
הפוקסת hpwqst
פוקסיס pwqsys: red dye
[with] the red dye,

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

[deems it] guilty.
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
מחיב mḥyb
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
[deems it] guilty.

And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

prohibit [to do it]
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אוסרין ˀwsryn
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
prohibit [to do it]

[even] because of
משום mšwm: because
משום mšwm
משום mšwm: because
because of

a war.
שבת šbt: Sabbath
שבות šbwt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
the Sabbath.

Shabbat 10:6.a

Shabbat 10:6.b

Encrypted: If one tears loose such a cover from a tyrant that is already a known prince, one is guilty, but with one that is not yet a known prince, one is exempt. And lord Simeon exempts it with this and with that.

Official: If one tears loose the leaves from a flower-pot that is perforated, one is guilty, but with one that is not perforated, one is exempt. And rabbi Simeon exempts it with this and with that.

[If one] tears loose [such a cover?]
תלש tlš: tear, pluck, detach, loose
התולש htwlš
תלש tlš: tear, pluck, detach, loose
[If one] tears loose [the leaves?]

from a tyrant [??]
מ־ m-: from; עציצא ˁṣyṣˀ: tyrant, despot
מעציץ mˁṣyṣ
מ־ m-: from; עציץ ˁṣyṣ: flower-pot
from a flower-pot

[that is already a known?] prince [??],
נקב nqb: distinguish; נקיב nqyb: prince
נקוב nqwb
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
[that is] perforated,

[one] is guilty,
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one] is guilty,

but [with one] that [is] not [yet]
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
ושאינו wšˀynw
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
but [with one] that [is] not

[a known?] prince [??],
נקב nqb: distinguish; נקיב nqyb: prince
נקוב nqwb
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
perforated,

[one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is exempt.

And lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
And rabbi

Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
Simeon

exempts [it]
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטר pwṭr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempts [it]

with this
ב־ b-: with; זה zh: this
בזה bzh
ב־ b-: with; זה zh: this
with this

and with that.
ב־ b-: with; זה zh: that
ובזה wbzh
ב־ b-: with; זה zh: that
and with that.

Shabbat 10:6.b

Written notes may only be used by serving aristocrats when they cannot whisper.

Shabbat 11:1.a

Encrypted: If one whispers information from the domain private to the domain public, or from the domain public to the domain private, one is guilty. If it is from a domain private to another domain private, and through the domain public in the middle, lord Akiva still deems it guilty, but the advisors exempt it.

Official: If one tosses something from the domain private to the domain public, or from the domain public to the domain private, one is guilty. If it is from a domain private to another domain private and through the domain public in the middle, rabbi Akiva still deems it guilty, but the advisors exempt it.

[If one] whispers [information]
שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
הזורק hzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[If one] tosses [something]

from the domain
מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
מרשות mršwt
מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
from the domain

private
יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
היחיד hyḥyd
יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
private

to the domain
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
לרשות lršwt
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
to the domain

public,
רבים rbym: many people, public
הרבים hrbym
רבים rbym: many people, public
public,

[or] from the domain
מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
מרשות mršwt
מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
[or] from the domain

public
רבים rbym: many people, public
הרבים hrbym
רבים rbym: many people, public
public

to the domain
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
לרשות lršwt
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
to the domain

private,
יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
היחיד hyḥyd
יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
private,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one] is guilty.

[If it is] from a domain
מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
מרשות mršwt
מ־ m-: from; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
[If it is] from a domain

private
יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
היחיד hyḥyd
יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
private

to [another] domain
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
לרשות lršwt
ל־ l-: to; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
to [another] domain

private,
יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
היחיד hyḥyd
יחיד yḥyd: individual, privately
private

and [through] the domain
רשות ršwt: territory, domain
ורשות wršwt
רשות ršwt: territory, domain
and [through] the domain

public
רבים rbym: many people, public
הרבים hrbym
רבים rbym: many people, public
public

in the middle,
ב־ b-: in; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
באמצע bˀmṣˁ
ב־ b-: in; אמצע ˀmṣˁ: middle
in the middle,

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
Akiva

[still deems it] guilty,
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
מחיב mḥyb
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
[still deems it] guilty,

but the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
but the advisors

exempt [it].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטרין pwṭryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempt [it].

Shabbat 11:1.a

Shabbat 11:2.a

Encrypted: How? If there are two reaching out, this one as facing that one in the domain public, if one hands over or whispers information from this one to that one, then one is exempt. But if it is that they are placed in a chamber just one, one who hands over information is guilty, but one who whispers information is exempt.

Official: How? If there are two balconies, this one as facing that one in the domain public, if one hands over or tosses something from this one to that one, then one is exempt. But if it is that they are placed on a floor just one, one who hands over something is guilty, but one who tosses something is exempt.

How?
כיצד kyṣd: how
כיצד kyṣd
כיצד kyṣd: how
How?

[If there are] two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
[If there are] two

reaching out,
גזוזטרא gzwzṭrˀ: exostra, balcony, porch
גזזטראות gzzṭrˀwt
גזוזטרא gzwzṭrˀ: exostra, balcony, porch
balconies,

this [one]
זו zw: this
זו zw
זו zw: this
this [one]

as facing
כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: equivalent, worth
כנגד kngd
כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: facing, opposite
as facing

that [one]
זו zw: this
זו zw
זו zw: this
that [one]

in the domain
ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
ברשות bršwt
ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
in the domain

public,
רבים rbym: many people, public
הרבים hrbym
רבים rbym: many people, public
public,

[if one] hands over
מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
המושיט hmwšyṭ
מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
[if one] hands over

or whispers [information]
שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
והזורק whzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
or tosses [something]

from this [one]
מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
מזו mzw
מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
from this [one]

to that [one],
ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
לזו lzw
ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
to that [one],

[then one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[then one] is exempt.

[But if it] is [that]
היה hyh: be
היו hyw
היה hyh: be
[But if it] is [that]

they are placed
שית šyt: put, place; הן hn: they
שתיהן štyhn
שית šyt: put, place; הן hn: they
they are placed

in a chamber
ב־ b-: in; דיוטא dywṭˀ: chamber, arbitrator’s office
בדיוטא bdywṭˀ
ב־ b-: on; דיוטא dywṭˀ: diaita, floor, story
on a floor

[just] one,
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
[just] one,

[one who] hands over [information]
מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
המושיט hmwšyṭ
מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
[one who] hands over [something]

is guilty,
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
is guilty,

but [one who] whispers [information]
שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
והזורק whzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
but [one who] tosses [something]

is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
is exempt.

Shabbat 11:2.a

Shabbat 11:2.b

Encrypted: Because that is the method reserved for the serving majesties: When two exalted persons stand as this one after that one in the domain public, they need to hand over secret announcements from this one to that one, but they can not whisper them.

Official: Because that was the method reserved for the serving Levites: When two wagons of the Tabernacle procession would stand as this one after that one in the domain public, and they would hand over the planks from this one to that one, but they could not toss them.

Because
ש־ š-: for; כך kk: so, thus
שכך škk
ש־ š-: for; כך kk: so, thus
Because

[that] is [the method reserved for??]
היה hyh: be
היתה hyth
היה hyh: be
[that] was [the method reserved for??]

the serving
עבד ˁbd: serve, servant
עבודת ˁbwdt
עבד ˁbd: serve, servant
the serving

majesties:
עליו ˁlyw: superiority, majesty
הלוים hlwym
לוי lwy: Levite; ־ים -ym: (plural)
Levites:

[When] two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
[When] two

exalted [persons]
גלול glwl: exaltedness
עגלות ˁglwt
עגלא ˁglˀ: wagon
wagons [of the Tabernacle procession??]

[stand as] this [one]
זו zw: this
זו zw
זו zw: this
[would stand as] this [one]

after
אחר ˀḥr: after
אחר ˀḥr
אחר ˀḥr: after
after

that [one]
זו zw: this
זו zw
זו zw: this
that [one]

in the domain
ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
ברשות bršwt
ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
in the domain

public,
רבים rbym: many people, public
הרבים hrbym
רבים rbym: many people, public
public,

[they need to] hand over
מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
מושיטין mwšyṭyn
מ־ m-: of; ישט yšṭ: stretch, extend, hand over
[and they would] hand over

[secret] announcements
כרז krz: proclaim, announce
הקרשים hqršym
קרש qrš: board, plank
the planks

from this [one]
מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
מזו mzw
מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
from this [one]

to that [one],
ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
לזו lzw
ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
to that [one],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[they can] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[they could] not

whisper [them].
שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
זורקין zwrqyn
זרק zrq: throw, toss
toss [them].

Shabbat 11:2.b

Revealing unpopular, arrogant rulers to violent soldiers is especially forbidden.

Shabbat 11:2.c

Encrypted: As for an army of uncultivated human garbage, where the exalted are rich and arrogant towards the crowd, if one lifts a cover from them or shows something about the exalted, one is guilty. If it is less so, one is exempt.

Official: As for the walls of a cistern of rocks, where the cistern is ten cubits deep and wide four cubits, if one takes something from them or puts something on the cistern, one is guilty. If it is less than that, one is exempt.

[As for] an army
חיל ḥyl: army, host, force
חלית ḥlyt
חיל ḥyl: rampart, wall
[As for] the walls

of uncultivated
בור bwr: wild, uncultivated, mannerless, ruffian
הבור hbwr
בור bwr: pit, cistern
of a cistern

[human] garbage,
סליא slyˀ: garbage, trash
והסלע whslˁ
סלע slˁ: rock, cliff
of rocks,

where
ש־ š-: that; הן hn: this, they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: that; הן hn: this, they
where

the exalted
גבה gbh: high, proud, exalted
גבוהין gbwhyn
גב gb: pit, cistern
the cistern

are rich [?]
עשר ˁšr: wealth, rich
עשרה ˁšrh
עשר ˁšr: ten
[is] ten [cubits deep?]

and arrogant
רהב rhb: proud, arrogant
ורחבן wrḥbn
רחב rḥb: wide
and wide

[towards] the crowd,
ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
ארבעה ˀrbˁh
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four [cubits?],

[if one] lifts [a cover?]
נטל nṭl: lift, move, remove
הנוטל hnwṭl
נטל nṭl: receive, take
[if one] takes [something]

from them
מ־ m-: from; הן hn: this, they
מהן mhn
מ־ m-: from; הן hn: this, they
from them

or shows [something]
נתן ntn: show, display
והנותן whnwtn
נתן ntn: give, put, place
or puts [something]

about
על ˁl: about
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

the exalted,
גבה gbh: high, proud, exalted
גבן gbn
גב gb: pit, cistern
the cistern,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one] is guilty.

[If it is] less
פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
פחות pḥwt
פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
[If it is] less

so,
מ־ m-: than; כן kn: so, thus
מכן mkn
מ־ m-: than; כן kn: so, thus
than that,

[one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is exempt.

Shabbat 11:2.c

Shabbat 11:3.a

Encrypted: If one disperses information among a crowd that is frightening and intent on slaughter, to a number of more than ten where the information is spread out, it is as if it was dispersed on purpose. But if it is less than ten where the information is spread out, it is as if it was dispersed in accident. But if one disperses information in accident among a crowd that is frightening, one is still guilty.

Official: If one tosses something four cubits on a wall, to a height of more than ten handbreaths, it is as if it was tossed into the air. But if it is less than ten handbreaths, it is as if it was tossed onto the ground. And if one tosses something onto the ground four cubits, one is guilty.

[If one] disperses [information]
זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
הזורק hzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[If one] tosses [something]

[among?] a crowd
ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

that is frightening
אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
אמות ˀmwt
אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
cubits

[and intent?] on slaughter [?],
ב־ b-: on; קטל qṭl: kill, slaughter, murder
בכתל bktl
ב־ b-: on; כתל ktl: wall; קתל qtl: wall
on a wall,

to [a number] of more
ל־ l-: to; מעלה mˁlh: upwards, above
למעלה lmˁlh
ל־ l-: to; מעלה mˁlh: upwards, above
to [a height] of more

than ten
מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
מעשרה mˁšrh
מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
than ten

[where the information] is spread out,
טפח ṭpḥ: spread out, extend
טפחים ṭpḥym
טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
handbreaths,

[it is] as if [it] was dispersed
כ־ k-: as; זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
כזורק kzwrq
כ־ k-: as; זרק zrq: throw, toss
[it is] as if [it] was tossed

on purpose [?].
ב־ b-: on; רע rˁ: thought, purpose, aim
באויר bˀwyr
ב־ b-: in; אוויר ˀwwyr: air, sky
into the air.

[But if it is] less
ל־ l-: to; מטה mṭh: downward, below
למטה lmṭh
ל־ l-: to; מטה mṭh: downward, below
[But if it is] less

than ten
מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
מעשרה mˁšrh
מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
than ten

[where the information] is spread out,
טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
טפחים ṭpḥym
טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
handbreaths,

[it is] as if [it] was dispersed
כ־ k-: as; זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
כזורק kzwrq
כ־ k-: as; זרק zrq: throw, toss
[it is] as if [it] was tossed

in accident [?].
ב־ b-: in; ערץ ˁrṣ: accident, mischance
בארץ bˀrṣ
ב־ b-: on; ארץ ˀrṣ: earth, ground
onto the ground.

[But if one] disperses [information]
זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
הזורק hzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[And if one] tosses [something]

in accident [?]
ב־ b-: in; ערץ ˁrṣ: accident, mischance
בארץ bˀrṣ
ב־ b-: on; ארץ ˀrṣ: earth, ground
onto the ground

[among?] a crowd
ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

that is frightening,
אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
אמות ˀmwt
אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
cubits,

[one is still] guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one] is guilty.

Shabbat 11:3.a

Shabbat 11:3.b

Encrypted: And if one whispers information into the middle of a crowd that is frightening, but it is then revealed outside of the crowd that is frightening, one is exempt. But if it is outside of the crowd that is frightening, and it is then revealed in the middle of the crowd that is frightening, one is guilty.

Official: And if one tosses something into the middle four cubits, but it then rolls outside of the four cubits, one is exempt. But if it is outside of four cubits, and it then rolls into the middle of four cubits, one is guilty.

[And if one] whispers [information]
שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
זרק zrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[And if one] tosses [something]

into the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of a crowd
ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

that is frightening,
אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
אמות ˀmwt
אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
cubits,

[but it is then] revealed
נ־ n-: make; גלגל glgl: revealed
ונתגלגל wntglgl
נ־ n-: make; גלגל glgl: roll
[but it then] rolls

outside
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside
outside

of the crowd
ל־ l-: to; ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
לארבע lˀrbˁ
ל־ l-: to; ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
of the four

that is frightening,
אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
אמות ˀmwt
אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
cubits,

[one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is exempt.

[But if it is] outside
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
[But if it is] outside

of the crowd
ל־ l-: to; ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
לארבע lˀrbˁ
ל־ l-: to; ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
of four

that is frightening,
אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
אמות ˀmwt
אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
cubits,

[and it is then] revealed
נ־ n-: make; גלגל glgl: revealed
ונתגלגל wntglgl
נ־ n-: make; גלגל glgl: roll
[and it then] rolls

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of the crowd
ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
of four

that is frightening,
אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
אמות ˀmwt
אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
cubits,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one] is guilty.

Shabbat 11:3.b

One may reveal frightening secrets to frighten a violent crowd.

Shabbat 11:4.a

Encrypted: If one whispers something for frightening a crowd that is frightening, one is exempt. But if there are only mild mannered people, and the domain public goes into them, if one whispers information in the middle of such a crowd of people, one is still guilty.

Official: If one tosses something into the sea four cubits, one is exempt. But if there is only a swamp water, and the domain public goes into it, if one tosses something into the middle four cubits, one is still guilty.

[If one] whispers [something]
שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
הזורק hzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[If one] tosses [something]

for frightening [??]
ב־ b-: for; אים ˀym: threaten, frighten
בים bym
ב־ b-: in; ים ym: sea
into the sea

a crowd
ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

that is frightening,
אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
אמות ˀmwt
אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
cubits,

[one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is exempt.

[But] if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
[But] if

[there] are
היה hyh: be
היה hyh
היה hyh: be
[there] is

[only] mild [mannered]
רכך rkk: soft, tender, mild, weak
רקק rqq
רקק rqq: swamp
[only] a swamp

people,
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water,

and the domain
רשות ršwt: territory, domain
ורשות wršwt
רשות ršwt: territory, domain
and the domain

public
רבים rbym: many people, public
הרבים hrbym
רבים rbym: many people, public
public

goes
מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: go, proceed
מהלכת mhlkt
מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: go, proceed
goes

into [them],
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
into it,

[if one] whispers [information]
שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
הזורק hzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[if one] tosses [something]

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוכו ltwkw
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of [such] a crowd
ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

of people,
אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
אמות ˀmwt
אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
cubits,

[one is still] guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one is still] guilty.

Shabbat 11:4.a

Shabbat 11:4.b

Encrypted: And how many may it be, with the mild mannered people? It must still be less than ten where the information is spread out. So if there are more mild mannered people than that, and the domain public goes into them, and one whispers information in the middle of such a crowd of people, one is still guilty.

Official: And how much depth has it, the swamp water? It must be less than ten handbreaths. So if there is more swamp water than that, and the domain public goes into it, and one tosses something into the middle four cubits, one is still guilty.

And how many
כמה kmh: how much
וכמה wkmh
כמה kmh: how much
And how much [depth]

[may] it [be],
הוא hwˀ: he
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he
[has] it,

[with] the mild [mannered]
רכך rkk: soft, tender, mild, weak
רקק rqq
רקק rqq: swamp
the swamp

people?
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water?

[It must still be] less
פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
פחות pḥwt
פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
[It must be] less

than ten
מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
מעשרה mˁšrh
מ־ m-: than; עשר ˁšr: ten
than ten

[where the information] is spread out.
טפח ṭpḥ: spread out, extend
טפחים ṭpḥym
טפח ṭpḥ: handbreadth
handbreaths.

[So if there are more] mild [mannered]
רכך rkk: soft, tender, mild, weak
רקק rqq
רקק rqq: swamp
[So if there is more] swamp

people [than that],
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water [than that],

and the domain
רשות ršwt: territory, domain
ורשות wršwt
רשות ršwt: territory, domain
and the domain

public
רבים rbym: many people, public
הרבים hrbym
רבים rbym: many people, public
public

goes
מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: go, proceed
מהלכת mhlkt
מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: go, proceed
goes

into [them],
בו bw: in it
בו bw
בו bw: in it
into it,

[and one] whispers [information]
שרק šrq: whistle, whisper
הזורק hzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[and one] tosses [something]

in the middle
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
בתוכו btwkw
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of [such] a crowd
ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

of people,
אימתה ˀymth: fear, terror, panic
אמות ˀmwt
אמה / אמות ˀmh / ˀmwt: cubit
cubits,

[one is still] guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[one is still] guilty.

Shabbat 11:4.b

Information may be passed on between groups of informants.

Shabbat 11:5.a

Encrypted: If one disperses information from sworn-in persons to silent persons, or from silent persons to sworn-in persons, or from sworn-in persons to an informant, or from an informant to sworn-in persons, or from an informant to another one, one is exempt.

Official: If one tosses something from the sea onto the dry land, or from the dry land into the sea, or from the sea onto a boat, or from a boat into the sea, or from a boat onto another one, one is exempt.

[If one] disperses [information]
זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
הזורק hzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[If one] tosses [something]

from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from

sworn-in [persons?]
ימא ymˀ: swear, vow
הים hym
ים ym: sea
the sea

to silent [persons?],
ל־ l-: to; יבש ybš: dry, silent
ליבשה lybšh
ל־ l-: to; יבשה ybšh: dry land
onto the dry land,

or from
מן mn: from
ומן wmn
מן mn: from
or from

silent [persons?]
יבש ybš: dry, silent
היבשה hybšh
יבשה ybšh: dry land
the dry land

to sworn-in [persons?],
ל־ l-: to; ימא ymˀ: swear, vow
לים lym
ל־ l-: to; ים ym: sea
into the sea,

or from
מן mn: from
ומן wmn
מן mn: from
or from

sworn-in [persons?]
ימא ymˀ: swear, vow
הים hym
ים ym: sea
the sea

to an informant,
ספינא spynˀ: betrayer, informant, informer
לספינה lspynh
ל־ l-: to; ספינה spynh: ship, boat
onto a boat,

or from
מן mn: from
ומן wmn
מן mn: from
or from

an informant
ספינא spynˀ: betrayer, informant, informer
הספינה hspynh
ספינה spynh: ship, boat
a boat

to sworn-in [persons?],
ל־ l-: to; ימא ymˀ: swear, vow
לים lym
ל־ l-: to; ים ym: sea
into the sea,

or from
מן mn: from
ומן wmn
מן mn: from
or from

an informant
ספינא spynˀ: betrayer, informant, informer
הספינה hspynh
ספינה spynh: ship, boat
a boat

to another one,
ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: other one
לחברתה lḥbrth
ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: other one
onto another one,

[one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is exempt.

Shabbat 11:5.a

Shabbat 11:5.b

Encrypted: If informants are tightly bound together this one with that one, one may freely move information from this one to that one. But if they are not bound together, even though they may be close to each other, one may not freely move information from this one to that one.

Official: If boats are tightly bound together this one with that one, one may freely move objects from this one to that one. But if they are not bound together, even though they may be close to each other, one may not freely move objects from this one to that one.

[If] informants
ספינא spynˀ: betrayer, informant, informer
ספינות spynwt
ספינה spynh: ship, boat
[If] boats

are [tightly] bound [together]
קשר qšr: bind, tie
קשורות qšwrwt
קשר qšr: bind, tie
are [tightly] bound [together]

this one
זו zw: this
זו zw
זו zw: this
this one

with that one,
ב־ b-: with; זו zw: this
בזו bzw
ב־ b-: with; זו zw: this
with that one,

[one may freely] move [information]
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, carry, handle
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, carry, handle
[one may freely] move [objects]

from this one
מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
מזו mzw
מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
from this one

to that one.
ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
לזו lzw
ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
to that one.

[But] if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
[But] if

[they are] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינן ˀynn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[they are] not

bound [together],
קשר qšr: bind, tie
קשורות qšwrwt
קשר qšr: bind, tie
bound [together],

even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
even though

[they may be] close [to each other],
ש־ š-: that; מקף mqp: close, near
שמקפות šmqpwt
ש־ š-: that; מקף mqp: close, near
[they may be] close [to each other],

[one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not

[freely] move [information]
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, carry, handle
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, carry, handle
[freely] move [objects]

from this one
מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
מזו mzw
מ־ m-: from; זו zw: this
from this one

to that one.
ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
לזו lzw
ל־ l-: to; זו zw: this
to that one.

Shabbat 11:5.b

A leaker is not guilty if the leak is stopped or retracted before harm is done.

Shabbat 11:6.a

Encrypted: If one disperses information and remembers that this is wrong after it went out from his hand, but it was intercepted by another insider, or intercepted and substituted, or the document was burned, then one is exempt.

Official: If one tosses something and remembers that this is wrong after it went out from his hand, or it was intercepted by another person, or intercepted by a dog, or it was burned, then one is exempt.

[If one] disperses [information]
זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
הזורק hzwrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[If one] tosses [something]

and remembers [that this is wrong]
נ־ n-: make; זכר zkr: remember
ונזכר wnzkr
נ־ n-: make; זכר zkr: remember
and remembers [that this is wrong]

after
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
לאחר lˀḥr
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
after

[it] went out
ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out
שיצתה šyṣth
ש־ š-: that; יצא yṣˀ: go out
[it] went out

from his hand,
מ־ m-: from; יד yd: hand
מידו mydw
מ־ m-: from; יד yd: hand
from his hand,

[but it] was intercepted
קלט qlṭ: intercept, receive
קלטה qlṭh
קלט qlṭ: intercept, receive
[or it] was intercepted

[by] another [insider],
אחר ˀḥr: other, another
אחר ˀḥr
אחר ˀḥr: other, another
[by] another [person],

[or] intercepted
קלט qlṭ: intercept, receive
קלטה qlṭh
קלט qlṭ: intercept, receive
[or] intercepted

[and] substituted,
חלף ḥlp: exchange, substitute
כלב klb
כלב klb: dog
[by] a dog [??],

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

[the document?] was burned,
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שרף šrp: burn
שנשרפה šnšrph
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שרף šrp: burn
[it] was burned [???],

[then one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[then one] is exempt.

Shabbat 11:6.a

Shabbat 11:6.b

Encrypted: If one disperses information to make an association, whether with commoners or with human cattle, if one remembers that this is wrong while not yet has been made the association, one is exempt.

Official: If one tosses something to deal a wound, whether with persons or with cattle, if one remembers that this is wrong while not yet has been dealt the wound, one is exempt.

[If one] disperses [information]
זרק zrq: disperse, dissipated
זרק zrq
זרק zrq: throw, toss
[If one] tosses [something]

to make
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, deal
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, deal
to deal

an association,
חבר ḥbr: join, associate
חבורה ḥbwrh
חבר ḥbr: wound
a wound,

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

with commoners
ב־ b-: with; אדם ˀdm: commoner
באדם bˀdm
ב־ b-: with; אדם ˀdm: man, person
with persons

or
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
or

with [human] cattle,
ב־ b-: with; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
בבהמה bbhmh
ב־ b-: with; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
with cattle,

[if one] remembers [that this is wrong]
נ־ n-: make; זכר zkr: remember
ונזכר wnzkr
נ־ n-: make; זכר zkr: remember
[if one] remembers [that this is wrong]

while
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
while

not [yet]
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
not [yet]

has been made
נ־ n-: make; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, deal
נעשה nˁšh
נ־ n-: make; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, deal
has been dealt

the association,
חבר ḥbr: join, associate
חבורה ḥbwrh
חבר ḥbr: wound
the wound,

[one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is exempt.

Shabbat 11:6.b

Shabbat 11:6.c

Encrypted: This is the general rule: All that would be guilty of a mistake, they are not guilty while it is that the beginning and the end of their actions were unintentional. If the beginning was unintentional and the end was planned, or the beginning was planned and the end was unintentional, they are exempt, while it is that either the beginning or the end are unintentional.

Official: This is the general rule: All that would be obligated to make a sin-offering, they are not guilty while it is that the beginning and the end of their actions were unintentional. If the beginning was unintentional and the end was planned, or the beginning was planned and the end was unintentional, they are exempt, while it is that either the beginning or the end are unintentional.

This [is]
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
This [is]

the general rule:
כלל kll: general rule
הכלל hkll
כלל kll: general rule
the general rule:

All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All

that [would] be guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיבי ḥyby
חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
that [would] be obligated

of a mistake,
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאות ḥṭˀwt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[to make] a sin-offering,

[they are] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינן ˀynn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[they are] not

guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיבין ḥybyn
חיב ḥyb: guilty
guilty

while
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
while

[it] is that
ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
שתהא šthˀ
ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
[it] is that

the beginning
תחל tḥl: begin
תחלתן tḥltn
תחל tḥl: begin
the beginning

and the end [of their actions]
סופן swpn: end
וסופן wswpn
סופן swpn: end
and the end [of their actions]

were unintentional.
שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
שגגה šggh
שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
were unintentional.

[If] the beginning
תחל tḥl: begin
תחלתן tḥltn
תחל tḥl: begin
[If] the beginning

was unintentional
שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
שגגה šggh
שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
was unintentional

and the end
סופן swpn: end
וסופן wswpn
סופן swpn: end
and the end

was planned,
זיד zyd: plan, act with premeditation
זדון zdwn
זיד zyd: plan, act with premeditation
was planned,

[or] the beginning
תחל tḥl: begin
תחלתן tḥltn
תחל tḥl: begin
[or] the beginning

was planned
זיד zyd: plan, act with premeditation
זדון zdwn
זיד zyd: plan, act with premeditation
was planned

and the end
סופן swpn: end
וסופן wswpn
סופן swpn: end
and the end

was unintentional,
שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
שגגה šggh
שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
was unintentional,

[they] are exempt,
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטורין pṭwryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[they] are exempt,

while [??]
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
while [??]

[it] is that
ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
שתהא šthˀ
ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
[it] is that

[either?] the beginning
תחל tḥl: begin
תחלתן tḥltn
תחל tḥl: begin
[either?] the beginning

or the end
סופן swpn: end
וסופן wswpn
סופן swpn: end
or the end

are unintentional.
שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
שגגה šggh
שגג šgg: error, mistake, unintentionally
are unintentional.

Shabbat 11:6.c

Raping women

Begetting children in war is forbidden.

Shabbat 12:1.a

Encrypted: If one begets children during war, how many would he have to beget so that one is guilty? When begetting children during war, one is guilty for any number that one begets. And if one “chisels” around, or strikes with one’s “hammer”, or with one’s “adze”, or drills into women, any amount that one does is deemed guilty.

Official: If one builds something on Sabbath, how much would he have to build so that one is guilty? When building on Sabbath, one is guilty for any amount that one does. And if one chisels, or strikes with a hammer, or with an adze, or drills holes, any amount that one does is deemed guilty.

[If one] begets children [during war],
בנה bnh: get children
הבונה hbwnh
בנה bnh: build
[If one] builds [something on Sabbath],

how many
כמה kmh: how much
כמה kmh
כמה kmh: how much
how much

[would he have] to beget
בנה bnh: build
יבנה ybnh
בנה bnh: build
[would he have] to build

[so that one] is
היה hyh: be
ויהא wyhˀ
היה hyh: be
[so that one] is

guilty?
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
guilty?

[When] begetting children [during war],
בנה bnh: get children
הבונה hbwnh
בנה bnh: build
[When] building [on Sabbath],

[one is guilty for] any [number]
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
[one is guilty for] any [amount]

that [one begets].
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
that [one does].

[And if one] “chisels” [around],
מ־ m-: of; סתת stt: chip, chisel
והמסתת whmstt
מ־ m-: of; סתת stt: chip, chisel
[And if one] chisels,

or strikes
מכה mkh: struck
והמכה whmkh
מכה mkh: struck
or strikes

with [one’s] “hammer”,
ב־ b-: with; פתש ptš: search, examine
בפטיש bpṭyš
ב־ b-: with; פטיש pṭyš: hammer
with a hammer,

or with [one’s] “adze”,
ב־ b-: with; מעצד mˁṣd: axe, adze
ובמעצד wbmˁṣd
ב־ b-: with; מעצד mˁṣd: axe, adze
or with an adze,

or drills [into women],
קדח qdḥ: drill
הקודח hqwdḥ
קדח qdḥ: drill
or drills [holes],

any [amount]
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
any [amount]

that [one does]
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
that [one does]

[is deemed] guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[is deemed] guilty.

Shabbat 12:1.a

Shabbat 12:1.b

Encrypted: This is the general rule: All who do acts of desire, and the acts of desire last in war, they are guilty.

Official: This is the general rule: All who do a work, and the work lasts on Sabbath, they are guilty.

This [is]
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
This [is]

the general rule:
כלל kll: general rule
הכלל hkll
כלל kll: general rule
the general rule:

All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All

[who] do
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
העושה hˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[who] do

[acts of] desire,
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכה mlˀkh
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task
a work,

and the [acts of] desire
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
ומלאכתו wmlˀktw
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task
and the work

last
מ־ m-: of; קום qwm: last, endure
מתקימת mtqymt
מ־ m-: of; קום qwm: last, endure
lasts

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

[they] are guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
[they] are guilty.

Shabbat 12:1.b

Shabbat 12:1.c

Encrypted: Lord Simeon ben Gamliel: says: Even if one just strikes with one’s “hammer” on a seductress in acting out a desire, one is guilty, because one persisted with the act in war.

Official: Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel: says: Even if one just strikes with a hammer on an anvil in doing the work, one is guilty, because one improved something with the work on Sabbath.

Lord
רבן rbn: lord
רבן rbn
רבן rbn: rabban
Rabban

Simeon ben Gamliel:
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
Simeon ben Gamliel:

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Even
אף ˀp: even
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even
Even

[if one just] strikes
מכה mkh: struck
המכה hmkh
מכה mkh: struck
[if one just] strikes

with [one’s] “hammer”
ב־ b-: with; קורנס qwrns: hammer
בקרנס bqrns
ב־ b-: with; קורנס qwrns: hammer
with a hammer

on
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

a seductress [??]
סטן sṭn: lead astray, seducer
הסדן hsdn
סדן sdn: block, anvil
an anvil

in acting [out]
ב־ b-: in; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
בשעת bšˁt
ב־ b-: in; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
in doing

a desire,
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכה mlˀkh
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task
the work,

[one] is guilty,
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

[one]
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
[one]

persisted
כ־ k-: as; מ־ m-: of; תקן tqn: persevere, persist
כמתקן kmtqn
כ־ k-: as; מ־ m-: of; תקון tqwn: correction, improvement
improved [something]

[with] the act [in war].
מ־ m-: of; להק lhq: desire, long for, thirst for
מלאכה mlˀkh
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task
[with] the work [on Sabbath].

Shabbat 12:1.c

Regular sexual encounters with women are forbidden.

Shabbat 12:2.a

Encrypted: If one has sexual intercourse, one is guilty for any amount of it. If one is knocking up someone, or plucking the tops off women, or scraping them, then for any amount of it, one is guilty. As of gathering sinful encounters, if one did it out of habit, one is guilty for any amount of it.

Official: If one ploughs, one is guilty for any amount of it. If one weeds, or cuts branches, or grows shoots, then for any amount of it, one is guilty. As of gathering wood, if one did it to improve the tree, one is guilty for any amount of it.

[If one has] sexual intercourse,
חרש ḥrš: sexual intercourse
החורש hḥwrš
חרש ḥrš: plough
[If one] ploughs,

[one is guilty for] any [amount]
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
[one is guilty for] any [amount]

of it.
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it.

[If one] is knocking up [someone],
מ־ m-: of; נכש nkš: knock, strike
המנכש hmnkš
מ־ m-: of; נכש nkš: weed
[If one] weeds,

or plucking the tops off [women??],
מ־ m-: of; קירסום qyrswm: plucking the tops off
והמקרסם whmqrsm
מ־ m-: of; קרסום qrswm: cutting off branches
or cuts branches,

or scraping [them??],
מ־ m-: of; שרט šrṭ: scratch, scrape
והמזרד whmzrd
מ־ m-: of; זרד zrd: grow shoots
or grows shoots,

[then for] any [amount]
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
[then for] any [amount]

of it,
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

[As of] gathering
מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect, gather
המלקט hmlqṭ
מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect, gather
[As of] gathering

sinful [encounters??],
אשם ˀšm: guilty, sin
עצים ˁṣym
עץ ˁṣ: tree, wood; ־ים -ym: (plural)
wood,

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

[one did it out of] habit,
ל־ l-: to; אתקנו ˀtqnw: character, nature, habit
לתקן ltqn
ל־ l-: to; תקון tqwn: correction, improvement
[one did it] to improve [the tree??],

[one is guilty for] any [amount]
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
[one is guilty for] any [amount]

of it.
ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
of it.

Shabbat 12:2.a

Sex with women is permitted for pretending to be a regular soldier.

Shabbat 12:2.b

Encrypted: If one did it to replicate the commoners, one is exempt for as much as is needed to pretend to be of the multitudes of little people. As for gathering satisfying encounters, if one did it out of habit, one is guilty for any amount of it.

Official: If one did it for fire wood, one is guilty if one gathers as much as is needed to boil an egg that is small. As for harvesting grass, if one did it to improve the plot, one is guilty for any amount of it.

If
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

[one did it] to replicate [the commoners],
ל־ l-: to; נסך nsk: copy out, reproduce, replicate
להסק lhsq
ל־ l-: to; נסק nsq: heat, burnt
[one did it] for fire [wood],

[one is exempt for] as much as
כדי kdy: as much as, according to
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: as much as, according to
[one is guilty if one gathers] as much as

[is needed] to pretend
ל־ l-: to; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense
לבשל lbšl
ל־ l-: to; בשל bšl: ripen, boil
[is needed] to boil

[to be of] the multitudes
בושיי bwšyy: multitude; ביש byš: poor
ביצה byṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
an egg

of little [people].
קלי qly: little, small
קלה qlh
קלי qly: roast, burn
that is small.

[As for] gathering
מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect, gather
המלקט hmlqṭ
מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: harvest, collect, gather
[As for] harvesting

satisfying [encounters],
שבע šbˁ: satisfy, surfeit, glut
עשבים ˁšbym
עשב ˁšb: herb, grass
grass,

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

[one did it out of] habit,
ל־ l-: to; אתקנו ˀtqnw: character, nature, habit
לתקן ltqn
ל־ l-: to; תקון tqwn: correction, improvement
[one did it] to improve [the plot??],

[one is guilty for] any [amount]
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
[one is guilty for] any [amount]

of it.
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
of it.

Shabbat 12:2.b

Shabbat 12:2.c

Encrypted: If it was for the human cattle, one is exempt for an amount needed because of the troops.

Official: If it was for cattle, one is guilty as of a measure of a mouthful of a goat.

If
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

[it was] for the [human] cattle,
ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
לבהמה lbhmh
ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
[it was] for cattle,

[one is exempt for] an amount
כ־ k-: as; מלא mlˀ: quantity
כמלא kmlˀ
כ־ k-: as; מלא mlˀ: quantity
[one is guilty as of] a measure

[needed] because of
פה ph: according to, in proportion to, because
פי py
פה ph: mouth
of a mouthful

the troops.
גדוד gdwd: troop, band
הגדי hgdy
גדי gdy: young goat, kid
of a goat.

Shabbat 12:2.c

Raping two women is forbidden, except for disguised lords to impress the troops.

Shabbat 12:3.a

Encrypted: If one ravages as little as two women, whether in one’s true identity or whether in cover, whether under a name one, or whether it is two names, whether it is two reputations, in all such delights one is guilty.

Official: If one writes down as little as two letters of the alphabet, whether with the right hand or whether with the left hand, whether the name of the letters is one, or whether it is two names, whether it is two different colors of paint, in all languages, one is guilty.

[If one] ravages
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
הכותב hkwtb
כתב ktb: write
[If one] writes down

[as little as] two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
[as little as] two

women,
איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
אותיות ˀwtywt
אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
letters [of the alphabet],

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

in [one’s] true [identity]
ב־ b-: in; אמן ˀmn: true, truth; אמונה ˀmwnh: honesty
בימינו bymynw
ב־ b-: with; ימן ymn: right hand
with the right hand

or whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
or whether

in cover [??],
ב־ b-: in; שמלה šmlh: cover, garment
בשמאלו bšmˀlw
ב־ b-: with; שמאל šmˀl: left hand
with the left hand,

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

[under] a name
מ־ m-: of; שם šm: name, title, nature
משם mšm
מ־ m-: of; שם šm: name, title, nature
the name [of the letters]

one,
אחד ˀḥd: one
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
[is] one,

or whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
or whether

[it is] two
מ־ m-: of; שני šny: two
משני mšny
מ־ m-: of; שני šny: two
[it is] two

names,
מ־ m-: of; שם šm: name, title, nature
שמות šmwt
מ־ m-: of; שם šm: name, title, nature
names,

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

[it is] two
מ־ m-: of; שני šny: two
משני mšny
מ־ m-: of; שני šny: two
[it is] two

reputations,
שומען šwmˁn: reputation
סממניות smmnywt
סממן smmn: paint, dye
[different colors] of paint [???],

in all
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
בכל bkl
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
in all

[such] delights
עלסון ˁlswn: rejoicing, delight
לשון lšwn
לשון lšwn: tongue, language
languages,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

Shabbat 12:3.a

Shabbat 12:3.b

Encrypted: Says lord Yose: One is not guilty for just two women if it was only because of making an impression on the troops.

Official: Says rabbi Yose: One is not guilty for just two letters if it was only because of marking up things.

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Yose:
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose:

[One is] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[One is] not

guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיבו ḥybw
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
guilty

[for just] two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
[for just] two

women
איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
אותיות ˀwtywt
אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
letters

[if it was] only
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: if not, except, only
[if it was] only

because
משום mšwm: because
משום mšwm
משום mšwm: because
because

of [making] an impression [on the troops?].
רשום ršwm: mark, trace, impression
רשם ršm
רשם ršm: inscribe, note, mark
of marking up [things].

Shabbat 12:3.b

Shabbat 12:3.c

Encrypted: For thus it was when they would rape with the lords who were in danger to be revealed as gay, for making known who was officially the one gender of their copulation preference.

Official: For thus it was when they would write on the planks of the tent of the tabernacle, to know which was the one that was its counterpart.

For thus
ש־ š-: for; כך kk: so, thus
שכך škk
ש־ š-: for; כך kk: so, thus
For thus

[it] was
היה hyh: be
היו hyw
היה hyh: be
[it] was

[when they would] rape
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
כותבין kwtbyn
כתב ktb: write
[when they would] write

[with]
על ˁl: alongside, concerning
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

the lords
קוריס qwrys: lord; קיריס qyrys: master
קרשי qršy
קרש qrš: board, plank
the planks

who were in danger [to be revealed as gay?],
מ־ m-: of; סכן skn: danger, endanger
המשכן hmškn
משכן mškn: tent
of the tent [of the tabernacle],

for making known
ל־ l-: for; ידע ydˁ: make known
לידע lydˁ
ל־ l-: to; ידע ydˁ: know
to know

who [was officially]
איזה ˀyzh: who, which
איזו ˀyzw
איזה ˀyzh: who, which
which [was]

the one [gender]
בן bn: one, belong to
בן bn
בן bn: one, belong to
the one

[of their] copulation [preference].
זוג zwg: pair, mate, copulate
זוגו zwgw
זוג zwg: equal, counterpart
[that was its] counterpart.

Shabbat 12:3.c

Shabbat 12:3.d

Encrypted: Says another lord: It is deemed possible if one uses a name that is reduced for a name that is really longer, such as Shem for Simeon or Samuel, or Noah for Nahor, or Dan for Daniel, or Gad for Gaddiel.

Official: Says another rabbi: It is deemed possible if one writes name that is reduced for a name that is really longer, such as Shem for Simeon or Samuel, or Noah for Nahor, or Dan for Daniel, or Gad for Gaddiel.

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

[another] lord:
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
[another] rabbi:

[It is deemed] possible
מצין mṣyn: possible
מצינו mṣynw
מצין mṣyn: possible
[It is deemed] possible

[if one uses] a name
שם šm: name
שם šm
שם šm: name
[if one writes] name

that is reduced
קטן qṭn: small, reduced
קטן qṭn
קטן qṭn: small, reduced
that is reduced

for a name
מ־ m-: for; שם šm: name
משם mšm
מ־ m-: for; שם šm: name
for a name

that is [really] longer,
גדול gdwl: big, great
גדול gdwl
גדול gdwl: big, great
that is [really] longer,

[such as] Shem
שם šm: Shem
שם šm
שם šm: Shem
[such as] Shem

for Simeon
מ־ m-: for; שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
משמעון mšmˁwn
מ־ m-: for; שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
for Simeon

or Samuel,
שמואל šmwˀl: Samuel
ושמואל wšmwˀl
שמואל šmwˀl: Samuel
or Samuel,

or Noah
נח nḥ: Noah
נח nḥ
נח nḥ: Noah
or Noah

for Nahor,
מ־ m-: for; נחור nḥwr: Nahor
מנחור mnḥwr
מ־ m-: for; נחור nḥwr: Nahor
for Nahor,

or Dan
דן dn: Dan
דן dn
דן dn: Dan
or Dan

for Daniel,
מ־ m-: for; דניאל dnyˀl: Daniel
מדניאל mdnyˀl
מ־ m-: for; דניאל dnyˀl: Daniel
for Daniel,

or Gad
גד gd: Gad
גד gd
גד gd: Gad
or Gad

for Gaddiel.
מ־ m-: for; גדיאל gdyˀl: Gaddiel
מגדיאל mgdyˀl
מ־ m-: for; גדיאל gdyˀl: Gaddiel
for Gaddiel.

Shabbat 12:3.d

Raping women with the penis is forbidden, by other means it is permitted.

Shabbat 12:4.a

Encrypted: Even if one ravages two women in just one moment of forgetfulness one, one is guilty. If one ravages them with actual sexual intercourse, or with the secret thingy, or with the membrum, or with the hidden organ, or with the plowshare, or with any thing that leaves a trace, on the two pressed together places, or on the two moistures of the pleasure region, and they were enclosed this one with that one, one is guilty.

Official: Even if one writes two letters of the alphabet, in just one moment of forgetfulness one, one is guilty. If one writes them with writing ink, with color pigments, with red paint, with gum based ink, or with vitriol, or with any thing that makes a mark, on the two walls of a corner, or on the two boards of a writing tablet, and they can be read this one with that one, one is guilty.

[Even if one] ravages
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
הכותב hkwtb
כתב ktb: write
[Even if one] writes

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

women
איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
אותיות ˀwtywt
אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
letters [of the alphabet],

in [just one moment] of forgetfulness
ב־ b-: in; עלם ˁlm: forgetfulness
בהעלם bhˁlm
ב־ b-: in; עלם ˁlm: forgetfulness
in [just one moment] of forgetfulness

one,
אחד ˀḥd: one
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
one,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

[If one] ravages [them]
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
כתב ktb
כתב ktb: write
[If one] writes [them]

with [actual] sexual intercourse [?],
ב־ b-: with; ידע ydˁ: know, love, have sexual intercourse with
בדיו bdyw
ב־ b-: with; דיו dyw: fluid, writing ink
with writing ink,

or with the secret thingy,
ב־ b-: with; סימה symh: secret, hidden thing
בסם bsm
ב־ b-: with; סם sm: color, pigment
with color pigments,

or with the membrum,
ב־ b-: with; זכר zkr: male, membrum
בסקרא bsqrˀ
ב־ b-: with; סקר sqr: paint red
with red paint,

or with the hidden [organ?],
ב־ b-: with; כמס kms: hide, hidden
בקומוס bqwmws
ב־ b-: with; קומוס qwmws: gum, resin
with gum [based ink],

or with the plowshare,
ב־ b-: with; קנקן qnqn: coulter, plowshare
ובקנקנתום wbqnqntwm
ב־ b-: with; קנקנתום qnqntwm: calcanthum, vitriol
or with vitriol,

or with any
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all, any
ובכל wbkl
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all, any
or with any

thing
דבר dbr: thing
דבר dbr
דבר dbr: thing
thing

that
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
that

[leaves] a trace,
רושם rwšm: mark, trace
רושם rwšm
רשם ršm: inscribe, note, mark
[makes] a mark,

on
על ˁl: against, into
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon
on

the two
שני šny: two, second
שני šny
שני šny: two, second
the two

pressed together
כותל kwtl: press together
כתלי ktly
כתל ktl: wall
walls

places [??],
זוי zwy: place
זויות zwywt
זוי zwy: corner
of a corner,

or on
על ˁl: upon, over
ועל wˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
or on

the two
שני šny: two, second
שני šny
שני šny: two, second
the two

moistures [??]
ליחה lyḥh: moisture, secretion
לוחי lwḥy
לוח lwḥ: board, tablet
boards

of the pleasure [region??],
פונק pwnq: pleasure, physical enjoyment
פנקס pnqs
פינקס pynqs: board, tablet
of a [writing] tablet,

and they
הן hn: they
והן whn
הן hn: they
and they

[were] enclosed
גין gyn: cover, surround with; גנן gnn: shelter
נהגין nhgyn
הגה hgh: read; הגיון hgywn: reading
[can] be read

this one
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
this one

with
עם ˁm: with
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with
with

that one,
זה zh: that
זה zh
זה zh: that
that one,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

Shabbat 12:4.a

Shabbat 12:4.b

Encrypted: If one ravages them using one’s own penis, one is guilty. If one just scratches them using one’s own penis, lord Eliezer deems it as being guilty of a mistake. But lord Joshua deems it exempt.

Official: If one writes them on one’s own flesh, one is guilty. If one just scratches letters on one’s own flesh, rabbi Eliezer deems it as being obligated for a sin-offering. But rabbi Joshua deems it exempt.

[If one] ravages [them]
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
הכותב hkwtb
כתב ktb: write
[If one] writes [them]

using
על ˁl: using
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
on

[one’s own] penis,
בסר bsr: flesh, penis
בשרו bšrw
בשר bšr: flesh
[one’s own] flesh,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

[If one just] scratches [them]
מ־ m-: of; שארות šˀrwt: kinship, relationship
המסרט hmsrṭ
מ־ m-: of; סרט srṭ: scratch, prick
[If one just] scratches [letters]

using
על ˁl: using
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
on

[one’s own] penis,
בסר bsr: flesh, penis
בשרו bšrw
בשר bšr: flesh
[one’s own] flesh,

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

[deems it as] being guilty
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
מחיב mḥyb
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[deems it as] being obligated

of a mistake.
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[for] a sin-offering.

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Joshua
יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
יהושע yhwšˁ
יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
Joshua

[deems it] exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטר pwṭr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[deems it] exempt.

Shabbat 12:4.b

Shabbat 12:5.a

Encrypted: If one ravages them with one’s liquid, with the water of fertility, in the cleft of the legs, in the cleft of the anus, or in any manner which does not endure, then one is exempt.

Official: If one writes with certain liquids, with water of fruit, with dust of the road, with dust of a scribe, or with any thing which does not endure, then one is exempt.

[If one] ravages [them]
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
כתב ktb
כתב ktb: write
[If one] writes

with [one’s?] liquid,
ב־ b-: with; משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
במשקין bmšqyn
ב־ b-: with; משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
with [certain] liquids,

with the water [?!?]
ב־ b-: with; מי my: water
במי bmy
ב־ b-: with; מי my: water
with water

of fertility [?!?],
פרי pry: fertility, produce, progeny
פרות prwt
פרי pry: fruit, produce
of fruit,

in the cleft
ב־ b-: in; בקע bqˁ: split, cleft
באבק bˀbq
ב־ b-: with; אבק ˀbq: dust, powder
with dust

of the legs [???],
דרך drk: tread, walk
דרכים drkym
דרך drk: way, path, road
of the road,

in the cleft
ב־ b-: in; בקע bqˁ: split, cleft
באבק bˀbq
ב־ b-: with; אבק ˀbq: dust, powder
with dust

of the anus [???],
זפר zpr: stink
הסופרים hswprym
ספר spr: write, scribe
of a scribe,

or in any
ב־ b-: with, in; כל kl: all, any
ובכל wbkl
ב־ b-: with, in; כל kl: all, any
or with any

manner
דברה dbrh: manner
דבר dbr
דבר dbr: thing
thing

which [does] not
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: which; אין ˀyn: no, not
which [does] not

endure,
מ־ m-: of; ת־ t-: of; קום qwm: endure, last
מתקים mtqym
מ־ m-: of; ת־ t-: of; קום qwm: endure, last
endure,

[then one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[then one] is exempt.

Shabbat 12:5.a

Shabbat 12:5.b

Encrypted: Also into the hind part, in the legs, in the mouth, in the elbow.

Official: Also with the back of the hand, with the foot, with the mouth, with the elbow.

[Also] into the hind
ל־ l-: into; אחר ˀḥr: behind
לאחר lˀḥr
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: back
[Also with] the back

part [??],
יד yd: portion, part
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand
of the hand [??],

in the legs [??],
ב־ b-: in; רגל rgl: leg
ברגלו brglw
ב־ b-: with; רגל rgl: foot
with the foot [??],

in the mouth [??],
ב־ b-: in; פי py: mouth
בפיו bpyw
ב־ b-: with; פי py: mouth
with the mouth [??],

in the elbow [??].
ב־ b-: in; מרפק mrpq: elbow
ובמרפקו wbmrpqw
ב־ b-: with; מרפק mrpq: elbow
with the elbow [??].

Shabbat 12:5.b

Shabbat 12:5.c

Encrypted: If one ravages a woman just one, even if it is adjacent to other rapings, or if one ravages at the place of other rapings, or if one planned to ravage a professional sinner and instead ravages two prostitutes, if one ravages one who is pleased or one who is satisfied with it, if one ravages on the two pressed together places, or on the two dripping places of the pleasure region, but they are not enclosed this one with that one, one is exempt.

Official: If one writes a letter just one, even if it is adjacent to other writings, or if one writes over the place of other writings, or if one planned to write the letter Ḥet, and instead writes two letters Zayin, if one writes one on the ground and one on a beam, if one writes on the two walls of a corner, or on the two boards of a writing tablet, that are not read this one with that one, one is exempt.

[If one] ravages
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
כתב ktb
כתב ktb: write
[If one] writes

a woman
איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
אות ˀwt
אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
a letter

[just] one,
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
[just] one,

[even if it] is adjacent
סמך smk: support, help
סמוך smwk
סמך smk: touch, adjacent to
[even if it] is adjacent

to [other] rapings,
ל־ l-: to; חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
לכתב lktb
ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write
to [other] writings,

or [if one] ravages
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
וכתב wktb
כתב ktb: write
or [if one] writes

at
על ˁl: upon, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
over

the place of
גבי gby: together with, at the place of
גבי gby
גבי gby: together with, at the place of
the place of

[other] rapings,
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
כתב ktb
כתב ktb: write
[other] writings,

[or if one] planned
נ־ n-: make; תכון tkwn: planning
נתכון ntkwn
נ־ n-: make; תכון tkwn: planning
[or if one] planned

to ravage
ל־ l-: to; חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
לכתב lktb
ל־ l-: to; כתב ktb: write
to write

a [professional?] sinner
חטי ḥṭy: gratified, sin; חוטא ḥwṭˀ: sinner
חית ḥyt
חית ḥyt: heth, eighth letter
the [letter] Ḥet,

and [instead] ravages
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
וכתב wktb
כתב ktb: write
and [instead] writes

two
שני šny: two, second
שני šny
שני šny: two, second
two

prostitutes,
זני zny: adultery, fornication, fornication, be a prostitute
זינין zynyn
זין zyn: zayin, seventh letter
[letters] Zayin,

[if one ravages] one
אחד ˀḥd: one
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
[if one writes] one

[who] is pleased
ב־ b-: in; רצה rṣh: pleased with
בארץ bˀrṣ
ב־ b-: on; ארץ ˀrṣ: earth, ground
on the ground

or one
אחד ˀḥd: one
ואחד wˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
and one

[who] is satisfied [with it],
ב־ b-: on; קורה qwrh: satisfaction, pleasure
בקורה bqwrh
ב־ b-: on; קורה qwrh: beam
on a beam,

[if one] ravages
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
כתב ktb
כתב ktb: write
[if one] writes

on
על ˁl: against, into
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon
on

the two
שני šny: two, second
שני šny
שני šny: two, second
the two

pressed together
כותל kwtl: press together
כתלי ktly
כתל ktl: wall
walls

places [??],
בית byt: place
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house, school
of a corner,

or on
על ˁl: upon, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
or on

the two
שני šny: two, second
שני šny
שני šny: two, second
the two

dripping [places??]
טפף ṭpp: drip, drop
דפי dpy
דף dp: board, tablet
boards

of the pleasure [region??],
פונק pwnq: pleasure, physical enjoyment
פנקס pnqs
פינקס pynqs: board, tablet
of a [writing] tablet,

[but they are] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[that are] not

enclosed
גין gyn: cover, surround with; גנן gnn: shelter
נהגין nhgyn
הגה hgh: read; הגיון hgywn: reading
read

this one
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
this one

with
עם ˁm: with
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with
with

that one,
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
that one,

[one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is exempt.

Shabbat 12:5.c

Lords may rape women of common birth if it is for the troops.

Shabbat 12:5.d

Encrypted: If one ravages a woman just one, as an arrangement for the guards, lord Joshua ben Bathyra deems it guilty. But the advisors exempt it.

Official: If one writes a letter just one, as an abbreviation, rabbi Joshua ben Bathyra deems it guilty. But the advisors exempt it.

[If one] ravages
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
כתב ktb
כתב ktb: write
[If one] writes

a woman
איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
אות ˀwt
אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
a letter

[just] one,
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
[just] one,

[as] an arrangement [for] the guards [???],
נטר nṭr: guard, guardian; קון qwn: arrange
נוטריקון nwṭryqwn
נוטריקון nwṭryqwn: notarikon, abbreviation
[as] an abbreviation,

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Joshua
יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
יהושע yhwšˁ
יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
Joshua

ben
בן bn: son
בן bn
בן bn: son
ben

Bathyra
בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
בתירא btyrˀ
בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
Bathyra

[deems it] guilty.
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
מחיב mḥyb
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[deems it] guilty.

But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors

exempt [it].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטרין pwṭryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempt [it].

Shabbat 12:5.d

Shabbat 12:6.a

Encrypted: If one ravages two women in two separate acts of forgetfulness, one of servitude and the other one also among the multitudes, then lord Gamliel deems it guilty. But the advisors exempt it.

Official: If one writes two letters of the alphabet, in two separate acts of forgetfulness, one at dawn and the other one during the evening, then rabban Gamliel deems it guilty. But the advisors exempt it.

[If one] ravages
חטף ḥṭp: snatch, seize, ravish, rape
הכותב hkwtb
כתב ktb: write
[If one] writes

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

women
איתא ˀytˀ: woman, wife; איתו ˀytw: as wife
אותיות ˀwtywt
אות ˀwt: letter, writing, symbol
letters [of the alphabet],

in two
ב־ b-: in; שני šny: two
בשני bšny
ב־ b-: in; שני šny: two
in two

[separate acts of] forgetfulness,
עלם ˁlm: forgetfulness
העלמות hˁlmwt
עלם ˁlm: forgetfulness
[separate acts of] forgetfulness,

one
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
one

of servitude
שוחרא šwḥrˀ: tribute, penal servitude
שחרית šḥryt
שחר šḥr: dawn
[at] dawn

and the [other] one
אחת ˀḥt: one
ואחת wˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
and the [other] one

[also] among
בין byn: among
בין byn
בין byn: during
during

the multitudes,
ערב ˁrb: mixed multitude
הערבים hˁrbym
ערב ˁrb: evening
the evening,

[then] lord
רבן rbn: lord
רבן rbn
רבן rbn: rabban
[then] rabban

Gamliel
גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
גמליאל gmlyˀl
גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
Gamliel

[deems it] guilty.
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
מחיב mḥyb
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[deems it] guilty.

But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors

exempt [it].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטרין pwṭryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
exempt [it].

Shabbat 12:6.a

Raping two or three women is forbidden.

Shabbat 13:1.a

Encrypted: Lord Eliezer says: If one is desirous for three sins at the beginning of a new lusting, or one on which was already desired before, one is guilty. And the advisors say: Whether in the beginning or in the end, the forbidden amount is two sins.

Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: If one weaves three threads at the beginning of a new fabric, or one on which was already woven before, one is guilty. And the advisors say: Whether in the beginning or in the end, the forbidden amount is two threads.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[If one] is desirous
ראג rˀg: desirous for, coveting
האורג hˀwrg
ארג ˀrg: weave
[If one] weaves

[for] three
שלש šlš: three
שלשה šlšh
שלש šlš: three
three

sins
חוטא ḥwṭˀ: sinner; חטא ḥṭˀ: sin, seducer
חוטין ḥwṭyn
חוט ḥwṭ: thread, chord, strap
threads

at the beginning [of a new lusting],
ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: start, begin
בתחלה btḥlh
ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: start, begin
at the beginning [of a new fabric],

or one
אחת ˀḥt: one
ואחת wˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
or one

on
על ˁl: upon, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
on

[which was already] desired [before],
ראג rˀg: desirous for, coveting
האריג hˀryg
ארג ˀrg: weave
[which was already] woven [before],

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

Whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
Whether

in the beginning
ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: start, begin
בתחלה btḥlh
ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: start, begin
in the beginning

or
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
or

in the end,
ב־ b-: in; סוף swp: end, finish
בסוף bswp
ב־ b-: in; סוף swp: end, finish
in the end,

the [forbidden] amount
שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity
שעורו šˁwrw
שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity
the [forbidden] amount

[is] two
שני šny: two, second
שני šny
שני šny: two, second
[is] two

sins.
חוטא ḥwṭˀ: sinner; חטא ḥṭˀ: sin, seducer
חוטין ḥwṭyn
חוט ḥwṭ: thread, chord, strap
threads.

Shabbat 13:1.a

Shabbat 13:2.a

Encrypted: If one does just two maiden girls with the “shaft”, with the “hook”, with the “squirter”, with the “membrum”, or with the “pricker”, one is guilty. Also if one breaks two “seams”, or tears on the “vessels”, so as to break two “seams”.

Official: If one makes just two structures of meshes with a cross-rod, with a hook, with a winnow, with a sieve or with a basket, one is guilty. Also if one stitches two stitches, or tears on a garment so as to have to stitch two stitches to repair it.

[If one] does
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
העושה hˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[If one] makes

[just] two
שני šny: two, second
שני šny
שני šny: two, second
[just] two

maiden
בת bt: girl, maiden
בתי bty
ביתא bytˀ: structure
structures

girls
נערה nˁrh: servant, girl, maid
נירין nyryn
ניר nyr: warp, mesh, cross-rod
of meshes

with the “shaft”,
ב־ b-: with; ניר nyr: cross-rod, shaft of loom
בנירין bnyryn
ב־ b-: with; ניר nyr: cross-rod, shaft of loom
with a cross-rod,

with the “hook”,
ב־ b-: with; קרס qrs: hook, clasp
בקרוס bqrws
ב־ b-: with; קרס qrs: hook, clasp
with a hook,

with the “squirter”,
ב־ b-: with; נפע npˁ: blow, squirt into the mouth
בנפה bnph
ב־ b-: with; נפה nph: winnow, sieve
with a winnow,

with the “membrum”,
ב־ b-: with; גבר gbr: membrum virile; גברו gbrw: male genitalia
בכברה bkbrh
ב־ b-: with; כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
with a sieve

or with the “pricker”,
ב־ b-: with; סלוא slwˀ: rod, prick
ובסל wbsl
ב־ b-: with; סל sl: basket
or with a basket,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

[Also if one] breaks
תבר tbr: break
והתופר whtwpr
תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
[Also if one] stitches

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

“seams”,
תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
תפירות tpyrwt
תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
stitches,

or tears
קרע qrˁ: tear, rend
והקורע whqwrˁ
קרע qrˁ: tear, rend
or tears

on
על ˁl: upon, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
on

the “vessels”,
מן mn: thing, vessel, garment
מנת mnt
מן mn: thing, vessel, garment
a garment

[so as] to break
ל־ l-: to; תבר tbr: break
לתפר ltpr
ל־ l-: to; תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
[so as to have] to stitch

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

“seams”.
תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
תפירות tpyrwt
תפר tpr: sew, seam, stitch
stitches [to repair it].

Shabbat 13:2.a

Rulers may rape or hurt women out of sudden anger, but may not plan it.

Shabbat 13:3.a

Encrypted: One who rends women in anger over a dead companion, or anyone who damages people because of that is excempt. But if one does damages on a “vessel” because one has planned it. the forbidden amount is like that of planned transgressions.

Official: One who rends garments in anger over a dead friend, or anyone who damages things because of that is excempt. But if one does damages on a thing to repair something, the forbidden amount is like that of the repairing.

[One who] rends [women]
קרע qrˁ: tear, rend
הקורע hqwrˁ
קרע qrˁ: tear, rend
[One who] rends [garments]

in anger
ב־ b-: in; חמה ḥmh: heat, anger
בחמתו bḥmtw
ב־ b-: in; חמה ḥmh: heat, anger
in anger

over
על ˁl: upon, over
ועל wˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
over

a dead [companion?],
מת mt: die, dead, death
מתו mtw
מת mt: die, dead, death
a dead [friend],

or anyone
כל kl: all, any
וכל wkl
כל kl: all, any
or anyone

[who] damages [people because of that]
מ־ m-: of; קלקל qlql: corrupt, sin
המקלקלין hmqlqlyn
מ־ m-: of; קלקל qlql: spoil, damage, ruin
[who] damages [things because of that]

is excempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטורין pṭwryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
is excempt.

[But if one does] damages
מ־ m-: of; קלקל qlql: corrupt, sin
והמקלקל whmqlql
מ־ m-: of; קלקל qlql: spoil, damage, ruin
[But if one does] damages

on
על ˁl: upon, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
on

a “vessel”
מן mn: thing, vessel, garment
מנת mnt
מן mn: thing, vessel, garment
a thing

[because one] has planned [it].
ל־ l-: to; תכון tkwn: planning, designing
לתקן ltqn
ל־ l-: to; תקן tqn: correct, repair
to repair [something],

the [forbidden] amount
שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
שעורו šˁwrw
שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
the [forbidden] amount

[is] like that of planned [transgressions].
כ־ k-: as, like; מ־ m-: of; תכון tkwn: planning, designing
כמתקן kmtqn
כ־ k-: as, like; מ־ m-: of; תקן tqn: correct, repair
[is] like that of the repairing.

Shabbat 13:3.a

Even sexual encounters out of true love are forbidden.

Shabbat 13:4.a

Encrypted: Even the forbidden amount for sincerely affectionate shakings, or desires, or wipings, is like a full shaking of nakedness of the loins. If one is desirous for two such sins, the forbidden amount is like a full seduction.

Official: The forbidden amount for whitening or beating flax, or dyeing, or spinning, is like the full width of a finger-span double. If one weaves two threads, the forbidden amount is like a full finger-span.

[Even] the [forbidden] amount
שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
שעור šˁwr
שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
The [forbidden] amount

[for] sincerely affectionate [??]
מ־ m-: of; לבני lbny: heartfelt, sincere; לבניא lbnyˀ: loving, affectionate
המלבן hmlbn
מ־ m-: of; לבן lbn: white, whiten
[for] whitening

shakings [??],
מ־ m-: of; נפץ npṣ: shake oneself off
והמנפץ whmnpṣ
מ־ m-: of; נפץ npṣ: shatter, beat
or beating [flax],

or desires,
צבא ṣbˀ: desire
והצובע whṣwbˁ
צבע ṣbˁ: color, dye
or dyeing,

or wipings [??],
טווח ṭwwḥ: pressing the bow; תחח tḥḥ: wipe off
והטווה whṭwwh
טוה ṭwh: spin
or spinning,

[is] like a full
כ־ k-: as, like; מלא mlˀ: full
כמלא kmlˀ
כ־ k-: as, like; מלא mlˀ: full
[is] like the full

shaking [??]
רחף rḥp: shake, tremble
רחב rḥb
רחב rḥb: width
width

of nakedness
שיטו šyṭw: shame, nakedness; סויותא swywtˀ: desire
הסיט hsyṭ
סיט syṭ: palm, span
of a finger-span

of the loins.
כפלא kplˀ: curve, groin, loin
כפול kpwl
כפל kpl: double
double.

[If one] is desirous
ראג rˀg: desirous for, coveting
והאורג whˀwrg
ארג ˀrg: weave
[If one] weaves

[for] two
שני šny: two
שני šny
שני šny: two
two

[such?] sins,
חוטא ḥwṭˀ: sinner; חטא ḥṭˀ: sin, seducer
חוטין ḥwṭyn
חוט ḥwṭ: thread, chord, strap
threads,

the [forbidden] amount
שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
שעורו šˁwrw
שעור šˁwr: measure, quantity, proportion
the [forbidden] amount

[is] like a full
כ־ k-: as, like; מלא mlˀ: full
כמלא kmlˀ
כ־ k-: as, like; מלא mlˀ: full
[is] like a full

seduction [??].
סות swt: entice, seduce
הסיט hsyṭ
סיט syṭ: palm, span
finger-span.

Shabbat 13:4.a

Imprisoning women for oneself is forbidden, except if it’s really an open prison.

Shabbat 13:5.a

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: If one traps a little “birdie” in one’s tower, or a woman in one’s house, one is guilty. And the advisors say: A little “birdie” in one’s tower, or a woman in one’s house or on one’s private property or in a cage of any sort.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: If one traps a bird in one’s cupboard, or a deer in one’s house, one is guilty. And the advisors say: A bird in one’s cupboard, or a deer in one’s house or on one’s private property or in a cage of any sort.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[If one] traps
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
הצד hṣd
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
[If one] traps

a little “birdie”
צפורה ṣpwrh: little bird, birdie
צפור ṣpwr
צפור ṣpwr: bird
a bird

in [one’s] tower,
ל־ l-: into; מגדל mgdl: tower, cupboard
למגדל lmgdl
ל־ l-: into; מגדל mgdl: tower, cupboard
in [one’s] cupboard,

or a woman
צביה ṣbyh: lovely woman
וצבי wṣby
צבי ṣby: deer
or a deer

in [one’s] house,
ל־ l-: into; בית byt: house
לבית lbyt
ל־ l-: into; בית byt: house
in [one’s] house,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

A little “birdie”
צפורה ṣpwrh: birdie
צפור ṣpwr
צפור ṣpwr: bird
A bird

in [one’s] tower,
ל־ l-: into; מגדל mgdl: tower, cupboard
למגדל lmgdl
ל־ l-: into; מגדל mgdl: tower, cupboard
in [one’s] cupboard,

or a woman
צביה ṣbyh: lovely woman
וצבי wṣby
צבי ṣby: deer
or a deer

in [one’s] house
ל־ l-: into; בית byt: house
לבית lbyt
ל־ l-: into; בית byt: house
in [one’s] house

or on [one’s] private property
ל־ l-: into; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
ולחצר wlḥṣr
ל־ l-: into; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
or on [one’s] private property

or in a cage [of any sort].
ל־ l-: into; ביבר bybr: vivarium, animal cage
ולביברין wlbybryn
ל־ l-: into; ביבר bybr: vivarium, animal cage
or in a cage [of any sort].

Shabbat 13:5.a

Shabbat 13:5.b

Encrypted: Lord Simeon ben Gamliel says: Not all cages are equal. This is the general rule: If the caging is actually too deficient to really hold the woman captive, then one is exempt. If it is not deficient to hold the woman captive, then one is guilty.

Official: Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says: Not all cages are equal. This is the general rule: If the caging is actually too deficient to really hold the animal captive, then one is exempt. If it is not deficient to hold the animal captive, then one is guilty.

Lord
רבן rbn: lord
רבן rbn
רבן rbn: rabban
Rabban

Simeon ben Gamliel
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
Simeon ben Gamliel

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not

all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
all

cages
ביבר bybr: vivarium, animal cage
הביברין hbybryn
ביבר bybr: vivarium, animal cage
cages

are equal.
שוי šwy: equal, equivalent
שוין šwyn
שוי šwy: equal, equivalent
are equal.

This [is]
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
This [is]

the general rule:
כלל kll: general rule
הכלל hkll
כלל kll: general rule
the general rule:

[If the caging is actually too] deficient
מ־ m-: of; חסר ḥsr: lacking, defective, deficient
מחסר mḥsr
מ־ m-: of; חסר ḥsr: lacking, defective, deficient
[If the caging is actually too] deficient

[to really] hold [the woman] captive,
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
צידה ṣydh
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
[to really] hold [the animal] captive,

[then one] is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[then one] is exempt.

[If it is] not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
ושאינו wšˀynw
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
[If it is] not

deficient
מ־ m-: of; חסר ḥsr: lacking, defective, deficient
מחסר mḥsr
מ־ m-: of; חסר ḥsr: lacking, defective, deficient
deficient

to hold [the woman] captive,
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
צידה ṣydh
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
to hold [the animal] captive,

[then one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[then one] is guilty.

Shabbat 13:5.b

Only the person who starts a raping is guilty, others who follow-up are exempt.

Shabbat 13:6.a

Encrypted: If a woman enters into a house by herself, and abuses her one person before him, then that one is guilty.

Official: If the deer enters into the house by itself, and locks one person the door before it, then that one is guilty.

[If] a woman
צביה ṣbyh: lovely woman
צבי ṣby
צבי ṣby: deer
[If] the deer

enters
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; כנס kns: enter
שנכנס šnkns
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; כנס kns: enter
enters

into a house [by herself],
ל־ l-: to; בית byt: house, school
לבית lbyt
ל־ l-: to; בית byt: house, school
into the house [by itself],

and abuses [her??]
נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
ונעל wnˁl
נעל nˁl: close, lock up
and locks

one [person]
אחד ˀḥd: one
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
one [person]

before [him],
בפני bpny: in front of
בפניו bpnyw
בפני bpny: in front of
[the door] before [it],

[then that one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[then that one] is guilty.

Shabbat 13:6.a

Shabbat 13:6.b

Encrypted: And if the woman is abused by two persons, they are excempt. But if not could one person abuse a strong woman and therefore she must be abused by two persons, they are guilty. But lord Simeon still deems it excempt.

Official: And if the door is locked by two persons, they are excempt. But if not could one person lock the heavy door and therefore it must be locked by two persons, they are guilty. But rabbi Simeon still deems it excempt.

[And if the woman] is abused [??]
נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
נעלו nˁlw
נעל nˁl: close, lock up
[And if the door] is locked

[by] two [persons],
שנים šnym: two
שנים šnym
שנים šnym: two
[by] two [persons],

[they] are excempt [???].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטורין pṭwryn
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[they] are excempt [???].

[But if] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[But if] not

could
יכל ykl: can, able
יכל ykl
יכל ykl: can, able
could

one [person]
אחד ˀḥd: one
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
one [person]

abuse [a strong woman??]
ל־ l-: to; נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
לנעל lnˁl
ל־ l-: to; נעל nˁl: close, lock up
lock [the heavy door?]

and [therefore she must] be abused [??]
נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
ונעלו wnˁlw
נעל nˁl: close, lock up
and [therefore it must] be locked

[by] two [persons],
שנים šnym: two
שנים šnym
שנים šnym: two
[by] two [persons],

[they] are guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיבין ḥybyn
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[they] are guilty.

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
Simeon

[still deems it] excempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטר pwṭr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[still deems it] excempt.

Shabbat 13:6.b

Shabbat 13:7.a

Encrypted: If sits one person on a woman, but has not entered her, and sits a second person on her and enters her, then the second person is guilty.

Official: If sits one person on the doorway, but not fills it completely, and sits a second person on it and fills it completely, then the second person is guilty.

[If] sits
ישב yšb: sit
ישב yšb
ישב yšb: sit
[If] sits

one [person]
אחד ˀḥd: one
האחד hˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
one [person]

on
על ˁl: upon, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
on

a woman [??],
פתה pth: enticed, seduced woman
הפתח hptḥ
פתח ptḥ: doorway, entrance
the doorway,

but [has] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
but not

entered [her??],
מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
מלאהו mlˀhw
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
fills [it completely],

and sits
ישב yšb: sit
ישב yšb
ישב yšb: sit
and sits

a second [person on her]
שני šny: two, second
השני hšny
שני šny: two, second
a second [person on it]

and enters [her??],
מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
ומלאהו wmlˀhw
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
and fills [it completely],

[then] the second [person]
שני šny: two, second
השני hšny
שני šny: two, second
[then] the second [person]

is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
is guilty.

Shabbat 13:7.a

Shabbat 13:7.b

Encrypted: But if sits the first person on a woman and enters her, and then the second person sits at his side, even if stands up the first person and walks himself away, the first person is still guilty because he started it, and the second person is exempt.

Official: But if sits the first person on the doorway and fills it completely, and then the second person sits at his side, even if stands up the first person and walks himself away, the first person is still guilty because he started it, and the second person is exempt.

[But if] sits
ישב yšb: sit
ישב yšb
ישב yšb: sit
[But if] sits

the first [person]
ראשון rˀšwn: first
הראשון hrˀšwn
ראשון rˀšwn: first
the first [person]

on
על ˁl: upon, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
on

a woman [??]
פתה pth: enticed, seduced woman
הפתח hptḥ
פתח ptḥ: doorway, entrance
the doorway

and enters [her??],
מעל mˁl: coming in, entering
ומלאהו wmlˀhw
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
and fills [it completely],

and then
בא bˀ: next
ובא wbˀ
בא bˀ: next
and then

the second [person]
שני šny: two, second
השני hšny
שני šny: two, second
the second [person]

sits
ישב yšb: sit
וישב wyšb
ישב yšb: sit
sits

at his side,
ב־ b-: on, at; צד ṣd: join, side
בצדו bṣdw
ב־ b-: on, at; צד ṣd: join, side
at his side,

even [if]
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
even [if]

stands up
ש־ š-: that; עמד ˁmd: stand, stand up
שעמד šˁmd
ש־ š-: that; עמד ˁmd: stand, stand up
stands up

the first [person]
ראשון rˀšwn: first
הראשון hrˀšwn
ראשון rˀšwn: first
the first [person]

and walks
הלך hlk: go
והלך whlk
הלך hlk: go
and walks

himself [away],
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
himself [away],

the first [person]
ראשון rˀšwn: first
הראשון hrˀšwn
ראשון rˀšwn: first
the first [person]

is [still] guilty [because he started it],
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
is [still] guilty [because he started it],

and the second [person]
שני šny: two, second
והשני whšny
שני šny: two, second
and the second [person]

is exempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
is exempt.

Shabbat 13:7.b

Shabbat 13:7.c

Encrypted: This case, to what is this similar? To one who locks up a woman to guard her, and thereby makes it usual that a woman was kept imprisoned in the middle of the house.

Official: This case, to what is this similar? To one who locks up the house to guard it, and later finds that a deer was kept caged in the middle of the house.

This [case],
הא hˀ: this, here, since
הא hˀ
הא hˀ: this, here, since
This [case],

to what
ל־ l-: to; מה mh: what
למה lmh
ל־ l-: to; מה mh: what
to what

[is] this
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
[is] this

similar?
דומה dwmh: similar, like
דומה dwmh
דומה dwmh: similar, like
similar?

To [one who] locks up
ל־ l-: to; נעל nˁl: close, lock up
לנועל lnwˁl
ל־ l-: to; נעל nˁl: close, lock up
To [one who] locks up

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a woman [??]
בת bt: girl, maiden, young woman
ביתו bytw
בית byt: house
the house

to guard [her],
ל־ l-: to; שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
לשמרו lšmrw
ל־ l-: to; שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
to guard [it],

and [thereby makes it??] usual
נ־ n-: make; מצוא mṣwˀ: usual, common, frequent
ונמצא wnmṣˀ
נ־ n-: make; מצא mṣˀ: find, found
and [later] finds

[that] a woman
צביה ṣbyh: lovely woman
צבי ṣby
צבי ṣby: deer
[that] a deer

was kept [imprisoned]
שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
שמור šmwr
שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
was kept [caged]

in the middle [of the house].
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
בתוכו btwkw
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
in the middle [of the house].

Shabbat 13:7.c

Dealing with fighting crowds

One may capture low-level agents, but not just for profit.

Shabbat 14:1.a

Encrypted: As for the eight types of agents that are spoken of in the Torah, if one captures or wounds them, one is guilty. As for the rest of the detestable low-level informers, if one wounds them, one is excempt.

Official: As for the eight types of creeping animals that are spoken of in the Torah, if one captures or wounds them, one is guilty. As for the rest of the detestable creeping animals, if one wounds them, one is excempt.

[As for] the eight
שמנה šmnh: eight
שמנה šmnh
שמנה šmnh: eight
[As for] the eight

[types] of agents
סרסא srsˀ: agent; סרסור srswr: middleman, agent
שרצים šrṣym
שרץ šrṣ: swarm, creep, reptile
[types] of creeping animals

[that] are spoken of
אמר ˀmr: say, speak
האמורים hˀmwrym
אמר ˀmr: say, speak
[that] are spoken of

in the Torah,
ב־ b-: in; תורה twrh: Torah
בתורה btwrh
ב־ b-: in; תורה twrh: Torah
in the Torah,

[if one] captures
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
הצדן hṣdn
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
[if one] captures

or wounds
חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
והחובל whḥwbl
חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
or wounds

them,
ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
them,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

[As for] the rest
שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
ושאר wšˀr
שאר šˀr: remainder, rest
[As for] the rest

of the detestable
שקץ šqṣ: loathe, detest, abomination
שקצים šqṣym
שקץ šqṣ: loathe, detest, abomination
of the detestable

[low-level] informers,
רמז rmz: intimate, sign, signaler, informer
ורמשים wrmšym
רמש rmš: swarm, creep, reptiles
creeping animals,

[if one] wounds
חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
החובל hḥwbl
חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
[if one] wounds

them,
ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
them,

[one] is excempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is excempt.

Shabbat 14:1.a

Shabbat 14:1.b

Encrypted: If one captures them for some specific profiteering, one is guilty, if it is not for some specific profiteering, one is excempt. As for informers and duplicitous agents that are under one’s control anyway, if one captures them, one is excempt, but if one wounds them, one is guilty.

Official: If one captures them for a specific need, one is guilty, if it is not for a specific need, one is excempt. As for beasts and birds that are under one’s control anyway, if one captures them, one is excempt, but if one wounds them, one is guilty.

[If one] captures [them]
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
הצדן hṣdn
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
[If one] captures [them]

for [some specific] profiteering,
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, profit
לצרך lṣrk
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, profit
for a [specific] need,

[one] is guilty,
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty,

[if it is] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
[if it is] not

for [some specific] profiteering,
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, profit
לצרך lṣrk
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, profit
for a [specific] need,

[one] is excempt.
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is excempt.

[As for] informers
חוי ḥwy: announce, informed
חיה ḥyh
חיה ḥyh: animal, beast
[As for] beasts

and duplicitous [agents?]
עוף ˁwp: double; עפיפו ˁpypw: duplicity
ועוף wˁwp
עוף ˁwp: bird
and birds

that are [under one’s] control [anyway],
ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: ownership, power, authority, control
שברשותו šbršwtw
ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: ownership, power, authority, control
that are [under one’s] control [anyway],

[if one] captures [them],
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
הצדן hṣdn
צוד ṣwd: trapped, capture
[if one] captures [them],

[one] is excempt,
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פטור pṭwr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
[one] is excempt,

but [if one] wounds
חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
והחובל whḥwbl
חבל ḥbl: wound, hurt, damage
but [if one] wounds

them,
ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: on; הן hn: they
them,

[one] is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty, bound, obliged
[one] is guilty.

Shabbat 14:1.b

One mustn’t turn the subjects into warriors, they may only fight enmeshed in deceptions.

Shabbat 14:2.a

Encrypted: One may not produce truly powerful warriors in war, but may make one the people fight, and immerse in them a deception, or place in their middle a pretense.

Official: One may not make brine on Sabbath, but may make one water salty, and dip in it bread, or place in its middle boiled food.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

produce
עשה ˁšh: produce
עושין ˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
make

[truly] powerful [warriors??]
אלם ˀlm: strong, violent, powerful
הילמי hylmy
הילמי hylmy: brine for pickling
brine

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[may] make
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עושה ˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[may] make

one
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
one

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the people
עם ˁm: people
מי my
מי my: water
water

fight,
לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
המלח hmlḥ
מלח mlḥ: salt
salty,

and immerse
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
וטובל wṭwbl
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
and dip

in them
ב־ b-: in; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: in; הן hn: they
in it

a deception,
פתה pth: foolish, seduce, deceive
פתו ptw
פת pt: piece of bread
bread,

or place
נתן ntn: give, put, place
ונותן wnwtn
נתן ntn: give, put, place
or place

in [their] middle
ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
in [its] middle

a pretense.
בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
התבשיל htbšyl
בשל bšl: ripen, boil
boiled [food].

Shabbat 14:2.a

Shabbat 14:2.b

Encrypted: Says lord Yose: But is it not that they are still violent, whether much or little?

Official: Says rabbi Yose: But is it not that it is still brine, whether much or little?

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Yose:
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose:

But is it not [that]
הלא hlˀ: is it not so
והלא whlˀ
הלא hlˀ: is it not so
But is it not [that]

they [are still]
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
it [is still]

violent,
אלם ˀlm: strong, violent, powerful
הילמי hylmy
הילמי hylmy: brine for pickling
brine,

whether
בין byn: as well as
בין byn
בין byn: as well as
whether

much
מ־ m-: of; רב rb: much, many
מרבה mrbh
מ־ m-: of; רב rb: much, many
much

or
בין byn: as well as
ובין wbyn
בין byn: as well as
or

little?
מעט mˁṭ: little, few, small
מעט mˁṭ
מעט mˁṭ: little, few, small
little?

Shabbat 14:2.b

Shabbat 14:2.c

Encrypted: But these, they are the types of people fighting that are permitted: If one puts specially appointed persons in the beginning into the middle of the people, or into the middle of the warriors.

Official: But these, they are the types of water salty that are permitted: If one puts oil in the beginning into the middle of the water, or into the middle of the salt.

But these,
אלה ˀlh: these
ואלו wˀlw
אלה ˀlh: these
But these,

they [are]
הן hn: they
הן hn
הן hn: they
they [are]

the [types of] people
עם ˁm: people
מי my
מי my: water
the [types of] water

fighting
לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
מלח mlḥ
מלח mlḥ: salt
salty

[that] are permitted:
נתר ntr: permit, free
המתרין hmtryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
[that] are permitted:

[If one] puts
נתן ntn: give, put, place
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: give, put, place
[If one] puts

[specially] appointed [persons]
זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
oil

in the beginning
ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: begin
בתחלה btḥlh
ב־ b-: in; תחל tḥl: begin
in the beginning

into the middle
ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of the people,
עמים ˁmym: people
המים hmym
מים mym: water
of the water,

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

into the middle
ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: into; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of the warriors [??].
לחם lḥm: fight, battle, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
המלח hmlḥ
מלח mlḥ: salt
of the salt.

Shabbat 14:2.c

Rulers mustn’t reveal their actual oppression to battle-ready subjects, but only gossip.

Shabbat 14:3.a

Encrypted: One may not reveal unpleasant things of the oppression in war, because they are not usually revealed by the nobility. But may reveal one dispersed gossip and spread bubbled-up rumours of the ruler.

Official: One may not eat hyssop of Greece on Sabbath, because it is not usually eaten by healthy people. But may eat one polytrichon and drink juice from the reed of the shepherd.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

reveal
גלא glˀ: reveal
אוכלין ˀwklyn
אכל ˀkl: eat
eat

unpleasant [things]
עזוב ˁzwb: unpleasant
אזוב ˀzwb
אזוב ˀzwb: hyssop
hyssop

of the oppression
יני yny: vex, oppress; ענוי ˁnwy: oppression
יון ywn
יון ywn: Greek
of Greece

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

because
לפי lpy: because
לפי lpy
לפי lpy: because
because

[they are] not [usually]
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
[it is] not [usually]

revealed
מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal
מאכל mˀkl
מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat
eaten

[by] the nobility.
אביר ˀbyr: mighty, eminent, noble
בריאים bryˀym
בריא bryˀ: healthy, sound
[by] healthy [people].

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

[may] reveal
גלא glˀ: reveal
אוכל ˀwkl
אכל ˀkl: eat
[may] eat

one
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
one

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

dispersed [gossip?]
זרע zrˁ: scatter; זרה zrh: disperse
יועזר ywˁzr
יועזר ywˁzr: polytrichon
polytrichon

and spread
ישט yšṭ: stretch, spread; שותא šwtˀ: talk
ושותה wšwth
שתה šth: drink
and drink

bubbled-up [rumours?]
בעבע bˁbˁ: bubble up, gush out; עבא ˁbˀ: swell, spread rumour
אבוב ˀbwb
אבוב ˀbwb: pipe, reed
[juice from?] the reed

of the ruler.
רעה rˁh: guide, rule, ruler
רועה rwˁh
רועה rwˁh: shepherd; רעה rˁh: lead a flock
of the shepherd.

Shabbat 14:3.a

Revelations needed for keeping up a disguise may be revealed.

Shabbat 14:3.b

Encrypted: Also all revelations revealed as a disguise for the nobility, and all revelations that are just covers put on, except revelations about people who are deceivers and covers of traitors, because they are important to keep things hidden.

Official: Also all foods eaten by a man as a medicine, and all drinks drunk, except water of palm trees and drinks of roots, because they are important for jaundice.

[Also] all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
[Also] all

revelations [??]
גלא glˀ: reveal
האכלין hˀklyn
אכל ˀkl: eat, food
foods

revealed [??]
גלא glˀ: reveal
אוכל ˀwkl
אכל ˀkl: eat, food
eaten

[as?] a disguise
דמא dmˀ: disguise
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, person
[by] a man

for the nobility,
ל־ l-: for; רבא rbˀ: nobleman; רבביא rbbyˀ: nobles, magnates
לרפואה lrpwˀh
ל־ l-: for; רפואה rpwˀh: healing, cure, medicine
as a medicine,

and all
כל kl: all, any
וכל wkl
כל kl: all, any
and all

[revelations that are just?] covers
מסכה mskh: covering; מסך msk: screen, curtain
המשקין hmšqyn
משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
drinks

put on,
שת št: put, place
שותה šwth
שתה šth: drink
drunk,

except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
except

[revelations about?] people
מ־ m-: from, of; עם ˁm: people
ממי mmy
מ־ m-: from, of; מי my: water
water

[who are] deceivers
דגל dgl: false, liar, cheat, deceive
דקלים dqlym
דקל dql: palm-tree
of palm trees

and covers
כוסי kwsy: covering
וכוס wkws
כוס kws: cup, drink
and drinks

of traitors,
עקר ˁqr: rootless, treachery
עקרים ˁqrym
עקר ˁqr: root
of roots,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

they [are]
ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
they [are]

[important] to keep things hidden.
ל־ l-: for; ערק ˁrq: flee, keep something hidden
לירוקה lyrwqh
ל־ l-: for; ירוקה yrwqh: moss, jaundice
[important] for jaundice.

Shabbat 14:3.b

Shabbat 14:3.c

Encrypted: But information may spill anyone of the people who are deceivers if it is for personal veiling, and one may publicly doubt appointed traitors that are not used for the nobility.

Official: But may drink anyone water of palm trees if it is for thirst, and one may enoint oneself with oil of roots that are not used as a medicine.

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

[information may] spill [??]
אשד ˀšd: pour, spill, harass
שותה šwth
שתה šth: drink
[may] drink

anyone
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
anyone

of the people
עם ˁm: people
מי my
מי my: water
water

[who are] deceivers
דגל dgl: false, liar, cheat, deceive
דקלים dqlym
דקל dql: palm-tree
of palm trees

[if it is] for [personal] veiling,
ל־ l-: for; צמה ṣmh: veil; צמצם ṣmṣm: veil
לצמאו lṣmˀw
ל־ l-: for; צמא ṣmˀ: thirst
[if it is] for thirst,

and [one may publicly] doubt [??]
שך šk: doubt, suspicion
וסך wsk
סוך swk: pour, anoint
and [one may] enoint [oneself]

appointed
זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
[with] oil

traitors
עקר ˁqr: rootless, treachery
עקרין ˁqryn
עקר ˁqr: root
of roots

that [are] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
that [are] not

[used] for the nobility.
ל־ l-: for; רבא rbˀ: nobleman; רבביא rbbyˀ: nobles, magnates
לרפואה lrpwˀh
ל־ l-: for; רפואה rpwˀh: healing, cure, medicine
[used] as a medicine.

Shabbat 14:3.c

If there are suspicions with the troops, rulers may not immerse in them.

Shabbat 14:4.a

Encrypted: If one has suspicions with one’s armed men, one may not immerse in them in violent situations, but may immerse one in them as in the usual way, and if one is immersed enough by that, then one is immersed.

Official: If one has pain in the teeth, one may not sip into them vinegar, but may dip one food in it as in the usual way, and if one is healed enough by that, then one is healed.

[If one has] suspicions
חששא ḥššˀ: sense, fear, suspicion
החושש hḥwšš
חשש ḥšš: suffer, feel pain
[If one has] pain

with [one’s] armed [men],
ב־ b-: with, to; זין zyn: armed, weapon
בשניו bšnyw
ב־ b-: in; שן šn: tooth
in the teeth,

[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

immerse
גמע gmˁ: immerse
יגמע ygmˁ
גמע gmˁ: sip, swallow
sip

in them
ב־ b-: in; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: in; הן hn: they
into them

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[in] violent [situations],
חמס ḥms: insult, violence
החמץ hḥmṣ
חמץ ḥmṣ: sour, vinegar
vinegar,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[may] immerse
מ־ m-: of; טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
מטבל mṭbl
מ־ m-: of; טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
[may] dip

one [in them]
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
one [food in it]

as in the usual way,
כ־ k-: as; דרך drk: way, manner
כדרכו kdrkw
כ־ k-: as; דרך drk: way, manner
as in the usual way,

and if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
and if

[one] is immersed [enough by that],
נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: disappear; תורף twrp: immersion
נתרפא ntrpˀ
נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: healing, cure, medicine
[one] is healed [enough by that],

[then one] is immersed.
נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: disappear; תורף twrp: immersion
נתרפא ntrpˀ
נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: healing, cure, medicine
[then one] is healed.

Shabbat 14:4.a

Relations in war

Gay lords may not entangle with the troops, only with “special” troops.

Shabbat 14:4.b

Encrypted: If one is suspected about one’s preferences in the loins, one may not entangle for desire or passion, but one may entangle oneself with specially appointed persons, but not with specially appointed persons who are commoners.

Official: If one has pain in the loins, one may not enoint oneself with wine or vinegar, but one may enoint oneself with oil, but not with the oil of roses.

[If one] is suspected
חששא ḥššˀ: sense, fear, suspicion
החושש hḥwšš
חשש ḥšš: suffer, feel pain
[If one has] pain

[about one’s preferences?] in the loins,
ב־ b-: in; מותן mwtn: loins
במתניו bmtnyw
ב־ b-: in; מותן mwtn: loins
in the loins,

[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

entangle
סכך skk: entangle
יסוך yswk
סוך swk: pour, anoint
enoint [oneself]

[for] desire
יען yˁn: desire
יין yyn
יין yyn: wine
[with] wine

or passion,
חמס ḥms: heated, passionate
וחמץ wḥmṣ
חמץ ḥmṣ: sour, vinegar
or vinegar,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may] entangle
סכך skk: entangle
סך sk
סוך swk: pour, anoint
[one may] enoint

oneself
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
oneself

[with]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[with]

[specially] appointed [persons],
זמן zmn: arrange, appoint, designate
השמן hšmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
oil,

but not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
but not

[with specially] appointed [persons]
זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
[with] the oil

[who are] commoners.
ירוד yrwd: low, common
ורד wrd
ורד wrd: rose
of roses.

Shabbat 14:4.b

Shabbat 14:4.c

Encrypted: Men who are rulers may entangle even with specially appointed persons who are commoners in their troops, but only because it is their manner to entangle like that for pleasure all the time. Lord Simeon says: They’re all perverts, the men who are rulers, them.

Official: Men who are kings may anoint themselves even with the oil of roses on their crushed wounds but only because it is their manner to anoint themselves like that for pleasure all the time. Rabbi Simeon says: All of Israel are like men who are kings, them.

Men
בן bn: son, man
בני bny
בן bn: son, man
Men

[who are] rulers
מלך mlk: king, ruler
מלכים mlkym
מלך mlk: king, ruler
[who are] kings

[may] entangle
סכך skk: entangle
סכין skyn
סוך swk: pour, anoint
[may] anoint [themselves]

[even with specially] appointed [persons]
זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
[even with] the oil

[who are] commoners
ירוד yrwd: low, common
ורד wrd
ורד wrd: rose
of roses

in
על ˁl: about, in
על ˁl
על ˁl: upon, over
on

their troops,
גדוד gdwd: troop, band
מכותיהן mkwtyhn
מ־ m-: of; כתת ktt: crush, pound, beat
their crushed [wounds]

[but only] because
ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
שכן škn
ש־ š-: for; כן kn: so, thus
[but only] because

[it is] their manner
דרך drk: way, manner; ־ם -m: them
דרכם drkm
דרך drk: way, manner; ־ם -m: them
[it is] their manner

to entangle
ל־ l-: to; סכך skk: entangle
לסוך lswk
ל־ l-: to; סוך swk: pour, anoint
to anoint [themselves]

[like that] for pleasure [all the time].
ב־ b-: for; חלי ḥly: sweet, pleasant, lovely
בחל bḥl
ב־ b-: for; חלי ḥly: sweet, pleasant, lovely
[like that] for pleasure [all the time].

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
שמעון šmˁwn
שמעון šmˁwn: Simeon
Simeon

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[They’re] all
כל kl: all, any
כל kl
כל kl: all, any
All

perverts,
איסור ˀyswr: sexual; עול ˁwl: perversion
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
of Israel

the men
בן bn: son, man
בני bny
בן bn: son, man
[are like] men

[who are] rulers,
מלך mlk: king, ruler
מלכים mlkym
מלך mlk: king, ruler
[who are] kings,

them.
הם hm: they
הם hm
הם hm: they
them.

Shabbat 14:4.c

True emotions are forbidden in war, quick sex is allowed.

Shabbat 15:1.a

Encrypted: And these are the unions for which one is guilty of a crime: A union of kindness and a union of respect. Just as one is guilty for tying them, so is one guilty for untying them in war.

Official: And these are the knots for which one is obligated to do a burnt-offering: The knot of a camel and the knot of a sailor. Just as one is guilty for tying them, so is one guilty for untying them on Sabbath.

[And] these [are]
אלו ˀlw: these
אלו ˀlw
אלו ˀlw: these
[And] these [are]

the unions
קשר qšr: join, connect, union
קשרים qšrym
קשר qšr: tie, knot
the knots

[for which one] is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
שחיבין šḥybyn
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
[for which one] is obligated

of a crime:
עול ˁwl: crime, injustice
עליהן ˁlyhn
עלה ˁlh: burnt offering
[to do] a burnt-offering:

A union
קשר qšr: join, connect, union
קשר qšr
קשר qšr: tie, knot
The knot

of kindness [??]
גמל gml: do good to, be kind, charitable; גמלא gmlˀ: couple, teaming arrangement
הגמלין hgmlyn
גמל gml: camel
of a camel [??]

and a union
קשר qšr: tie, knot
וקשר wqšr
קשר qšr: tie, knot
and the knot

of respect [??].
ספן spn: respect, care for, mind
הספנין hspnyn
ספן spn: sailor
of a sailor.

Just as
כשם kšm: just as
וכשם wkšm
כשם kšm: just as
Just as

[one]
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
[one]

is guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
is guilty

for
על ˁl: for, concerning
על ˁl
על ˁl: for, concerning
for

tying [them],
קשר qšr: tie, knot
קשורן qšwrn
קשר qšr: tie, knot
tying [them],

so
כך kk: thus, so
כך kk
כך kk: thus, so
so

[is one]
הוא hwˀ: he
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he
[is one]

guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
guilty

for
על ˁl: for, concerning
על ˁl
על ˁl: for, concerning
for

untying [them in war].
נתר ntr: sever, loosen, untie
התרן htrn
נתר ntr: sever, loosen, untie
untying [them on Sabbath].

Shabbat 15:1.a

Shabbat 15:1.b

Encrypted: Lord Meir says: For all loose unions that one can untie with one hand, one is not guilty of a crime.

Official: Rabbi Meir says: For all loose knots that one can untie with one hand, one is not obligated for a burnt-offering.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Meir
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
מאיר mˀyr
מאיר mˀyr: Meir
Meir

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[For] all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
[For] all

[loose] unions
קשר qšr: join, connect, union
קשר qšr
קשר qšr: tie, knot
[loose] knots

that [one]
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
that [one]

can
יכל ykl: can, able
יכול ykwl
יכל ykl: can, able
can

untie
ל־ l-: to; נתר ntr: sever, loosen, untie
להתירו lhtyrw
ל־ l-: to; נתר ntr: sever, loosen, untie
untie

with one
ב־ b-: with; אחת ˀḥt: one
באחת bˀḥt
ב־ b-: with; אחת ˀḥt: one
with one

hand,
מ־ m-: of; יד yd: hand
מידיו mydyw
מ־ m-: of; יד yd: hand
hand,

[one is] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one is] not

guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
חיבין ḥybyn
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
obligated

of a crime.
עול ˁwl: crime, injustice
עליו ˁlyw
עלה ˁlh: burnt offering
[for] a burnt-offering.

Shabbat 15:1.b

Shabbat 15:2.a

Encrypted: There may be to you unions that do not make one guilty of a crime, as it would be with a union of kindness or as with a union of respect.

Official: There may be to you knots that do not make one liable for a burnt-offering, as it would be with the knot of the camel or as with the knot of the sailor.

There [may] be
יש yš: there is
יש yš
יש yš: there is
There [may] be

to you
ל־ l-: to; ־ך -k: you
לך lk
ל־ l-: to; ־ך -k: you
to you

unions
קשר qšr: tie, knot
קשרים qšrym
קשר qšr: tie, knot
knots

that [do] not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
that [do] not

[make one] guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
חיבין ḥybyn
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
[make one] liable

of a crime,
עול ˁwl: crime, injustice
עליהן ˁlyhn
עלה ˁlh: burnt offering
[for] a burnt-offering,

as [it would be with] a union
כ־ k-: as; קשר qšr: join, connect, union
כקשר kqšr
כ־ k-: as; קשר qšr: tie, knot
as [it would be with] the knot

of kindness [??]
גמל gml: do good to, be kind, charitable; גמלא gmlˀ: couple, teaming arrangement
הגמלין hgmlyn
גמל gml: camel
of the camel

or as [with] a union
כ־ k-: as; קשר qšr: join, connect, union
וכקשר wkqšr
כ־ k-: as; קשר qšr: tie, knot
or as [with] the knot

of respect.
ספן spn: respect, care for, mind
הספנין hspnyn
ספן spn: sailor
of the sailor.

Shabbat 15:2.a

Shabbat 15:2.b

Encrypted: So may join a lord in the gratifying part, or wantonness of mixing, or that of the enjoyable kind. One may also do perforations that are abusive or imposed on others, or a shake-up of desire or sexual intercourse, or a penetration of the flesh.

Official: May tie a woman the opening part, or the string of her hair net, or that of her girdle. One may also tie the straps of a shoe or sandal, or the leather bags of wine or oil, or a pot of meat.

[So may] join
קשר qšr: join, connect, union
קושרת qwšrt
קשר qšr: tie, knot
[May] tie

a lord
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
אשה ˀšh
אשה ˀšh: wife, woman
a woman

[in] the gratifying
מ־ m-: of; פתה pth: seduce, entice, gratify
מפתח mptḥ
מ־ m-: of; פתח ptḥ: open, opening
the opening

part,
חלק ḥlq: part, portion
חלוקה ḥlwqh
חלק ḥlq: part, portion
part,

or wantonness
חוטי ḥwṭy: sinning, wantonness
וחוטי wḥwṭy
חוט ḥwṭ: thread, string
or the string

of mixing,
סבך sbk: mix together, interwoven with
סבכה sbkh
סבך sbk: net, hair net
of her hair net,

or [that] of
של šl: of, belonging to
ושל wšl
של šl: of, belonging to
or [that] of

the enjoyable [kind].
פשיקא pšyqˀ: easy, pleasant, enjoyable
פסיקיא psyqyˀ
פסיקיא psyqyˀ: fascia, band, girdle
[her] girdle.

[One may also do] perforations [??]
רצע rṣˁ: bore, pierce, perforate
ורצועות wrṣwˁwt
רצועה rṣwˁh: thong, strap, lash
[One may also tie] the straps

that are abusive
מ־ m-: of; נול nwl: disgrace; ניוול nywwl: abuse
מנעל mnˁl
מ־ m-: of; נעל nˁl: shoe
of a shoe

or imposed [on others??],
ש־ š-: that; נטל nṭl: oppressed, overbearing, impose
וסנדל wsndl
סנדל sndl: sandalion, sandal
or sandal,

or a shake-up [??]
נוד nwd: move to and fro; נודא nwdˀ: shaking
ונודות wnwdwt
נוד nwd: leather bottle, skin
or the leather bags

of desire
יען yˁn: desire
יין yyn
יין yyn: wine
of wine

or sexual intercourse,
זמן zmn: have sexual intercourse
ושמן wšmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
or oil,

or a penetration
קדר qdr: penetrate, perforate
וקדרה wqdrh
קדר qdr: pot
or a pot

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

the flesh.
בשר bšr: flesh; בסרן bsrn: carnal; בסר bsr: penis
בשר bšr
בשר bšr: meat
meat.

Shabbat 15:2.b

Shabbat 15:2.c

Encrypted: Lord Eliezer ben Jacob says: One may have such a union before human cattle, so that the true preferences will not come out.

Official: Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: One may tie a knot before cattle, so that it will not go out.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eliezer ben Jacob
אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb: Eliezer ben Jacob
אליעזר בן יעקב ˀlyˁzr bn yˁqb
אליעזר בר יעקב ˀlyˁzr br yˁqb: Eliezer ben Jacob
Eliezer ben Jacob

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[One may have such] a union
קשר qšr: join, connect, union
קושרין qwšryn
קשר qšr: tie, knot
[One may tie] a knot

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

[human] cattle,
בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
הבהמה hbhmh
בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
cattle,

so
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
so

that [the true preferences will] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
that [it will] not

come out.
ת־ t-: will; יצא yṣˀ: go forth, come out
תצא tṣˀ
ת־ t-: will; יצא yṣˀ: go out
go out.

Shabbat 15:2.c

Shabbat 15:2.d

Encrypted: One may have a union with a servant in the enjoyable fashion, but not in the perverted fashion. Lord Yehudah permits it. Generally, says lord Yehudah, all unions that are not of the lasting kind do not make one guilty of a crime.

Official: One may tie a bucket with a girdle, but not with a rope. Rabbi Yehudah permits it. Generally, says rabbi Yehudah, all knots that are not of the lasting kind do not make one liable for a burnt-offering.

[One may have] a union
קשר qšr: join, connect, union
קושרין qwšryn
קשר qšr: tie, knot
[One may] tie

[with] a servant
דייל dyyl: attendant, serving person
דלי dly
דלי dly: bucket
a bucket

in the enjoyable [fashion],
ב־ b-: in; פשיקא pšyqˀ: easy, pleasant, enjoyable
בפסיקיא bpsyqyˀ
ב־ b-: with; פסיקיא psyqyˀ: fascia, band, girdle
with a girdle,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

in the perverted [fashion].
ב־ b-: in; חבל ḥbl: corrupt, perverted
בחבל bḥbl
ב־ b-: with; חבל ḥbl: rope
with a rope.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

permits [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it].

Generally,
כלל kll: all, general
כלל kll
כלל kll: all, general
Generally,

says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Yehudah,
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah,

all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all

unions
קשר qšr: join, connect, union
קשר qšr
קשר qšr: tie, knot
knots

that [are] not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
that [are] not

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

the lasting [kind]
קים qym: lasting, enduring
קימא qymˀ
קים qym: lasting, enduring
the lasting [kind]

[do] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[do] not

[make one] guilty
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
חיבין ḥybyn
חיב ḥyb: guilty, obliged
[make one] liable

of a crime.
עול ˁwl: crime, injustice
עליו ˁlyw
עלה ˁlh: burnt offering
[for] a burnt-offering.

Shabbat 15:2.d

Rulers may not lightly transfer wartime sex partners into peace or vice versa.

Shabbat 15:3.a

Encrypted: One may embrace one’s sex objects even four or five times, and pass over one’s sexual encounters from the evening of war for during the war, but not from the war for after the end of the war.

Official: One may fold one’s garments even four or five times, and press the beds from the evening of Sabbath for during the Sabbath, but not from the Sabbath for after the end of the Sabbath.

[One may] embrace [??]
מ־ m-: of; קפל qpl: hug, embrace
מקפלין mqplyn
מ־ m-: of; קפל qpl: fold
[One may] fold

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[one’s sex??] objects
כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
[one’s] garments

even
אפלו ˀplw: even
אפלו ˀplw
אפלו ˀplw: even
even

four
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
ארבעה ˀrbˁh
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

or five
חמש ḥmš: five
וחמשה wḥmšh
חמש ḥmš: five
or five

times,
פעם pˁm: strike, beat, step
פעמים pˁmym
פעם pˁm: strike, beat, step
times,

and pass [over??]
מצע mṣˁ: pass between
ומציעין wmṣyˁyn
מצע mṣˁ: press, bed, mattress
and press

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[one’s] sexual [encounters]
מיטה myṭh: sexual activity
המטות hmṭwt
מטה mṭh: couch, bed
the beds

from the evening
מ־ m-: from; ליל lyl: night, evening
מלילי mlyly
מ־ m-: from; ליל lyl: night, evening
from the evening

of war
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath

for [during] the war,
ל־ l-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
לשבת lšbt
ל־ l-: for; שבת šbt: Sabbath
for [during] the Sabbath,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

from the war
מ־ m-: from; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
משבת mšbt
מ־ m-: from; שבת šbt: Sabbath
from the Sabbath

for [after] the end
ל־ l-: for; מוצא mwṣˀ: exit
למוצאי lmwṣˀy
ל־ l-: for; מוצא mwṣˀ: exit
for [after] the end

of the war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of the Sabbath.

Shabbat 15:3.a

Shabbat 15:3.b

Encrypted: Lord Ishmael says: One may embrace one’s sex objects and pass over one’s sexual encounters from the time of cover-up for the war, and the substitutes among the war’s sexual encounters into the time of cover-up, but not those of the time of cover-up into a war.

Official: Rabbi Ishmael says: One may fold one’s garments and press the beds from the day of atonement Yom Kippur for the Sabbath, and the fats of the Sabbath offerings on the day of atonement, but not those of the day of atonement on Sabbath.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Ishmael
ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
ישמעאל yšmˁˀl
ישמעאל yšmˁˀl: Ishmael
Ishmael

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[One may] embrace [??]
מ־ m-: of; קפל qpl: hug, embrace
מקפלין mqplyn
מ־ m-: of; קפל qpl: fold
[One may] fold

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[one’s sex??] objects
כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
[one’s] garments

and pass [over??]
מצע mṣˁ: pass between
ומציעין wmṣyˁyn
מצע mṣˁ: press, bed, mattress
and press

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[one’s] sexual [encounters]
מיטה myṭh: sexual activity
המטות hmṭwt
מטה mṭh: couch, bed
the beds

from the time
מ־ m-: from; יום ywm: time
מיום mywm
מ־ m-: from; יום ywm: day
from the day

of cover-up
כפר kpr: cover, deny
הכפורים hkpwrym
כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
of atonement [Yom Kippur]

for the war,
ל־ l-: for; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
לשבת lšbt
ל־ l-: for; שבת šbt: Sabbath
for the Sabbath,

and the substitutes
חלף ḥlp: exchange, substitute
וחלבי wḥlby
חלב ḥlb: fat, grease, milk
and the fats

[among] the war’s
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of the Sabbath

sexual [encounters]
קרב qrb: be near, approach, sexually
קרבין qrbyn
קרב qrb: offer
offerings

into the time
ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
on the day

of cover-up,
כפר kpr: cover, deny
הכפורים hkpwrym
כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
of atonement,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
(אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

[those] of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
[those] of

the time
יום ywm: time
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
the day

of cover-up
כפר kpr: cover, deny
הכפורים hkpwrym
כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
of atonement

into a war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת) bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 15:3.b

Shabbat 15:3.c

Encrypted: Lord Akiva says: Not are those of the war to be sexually approached in the time of cover-up, and also not are those of the time of cover-up to be sexually approached in war.

Official: Rabbi Akiva says: Not are those of Sabbath offered on the day of atonement, and also not are those of the day of atonement offered on Sabbath.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
Akiva

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Not [are]
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
Not [are]

[those] of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
[those] of

the war
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
Sabbath

to be sexually approached
קרב qrb: be near, approach, sexually
קרבין qrbyn
קרב qrb: offer
offered

in the time
ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day
on the day

of cover-up,
כפר kpr: cover, deny
הכפורים hkpwrym
כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
of atonement,

and also not [are]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and also not [are]

[those] of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
[those] of

the time
יום ywm: time
יום ywm
יום ywm: day
the day

of cover-up
כפר kpr: cover, deny
הכפורים hkpwrym
כפור kpwr: redemption, atonement
of atonement

to be sexually approached
קרב qrb: offer
קרבין qrbyn
קרב qrb: offer
offered

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 15:3.c

Secret documents

All forbidden documents must be hidden from the troops.

Shabbat 16:1.a

Encrypted: As for all documents that are forbidden, one must remove them because of the troops, whether one needs to read with them or does not read with them.

Official: As for all documents that are holy, one may rescue them because of fire, whether one needs to read with them or does not read with them.

[As for] all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
[As for] all

documents
כתב ktb: write, document
כתבי ktby
כתב ktb: write, document
documents

that are forbidden,
קדש qdš: set apart, forbidden
הקדש hqdš
קדש qdš: holy
that are holy,

[one must] remove
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
[one may] rescue

them
אות ˀwt: same
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: same
them

because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because of

the troops [??],
טולקא ṭwlqˀ: troop, military unit
הדלקה hdlqh
דלקה dlqh: fire
fire,

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

[one needs to] read
ש־ š-: that; קרי qry: join, meet
שקורין šqwryn
ש־ š-: that; קרי qry: read, recite
[one needs to] read

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

or
בין byn: whether
ובין wbyn
בין byn: whether
or

[does] not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
[does] not

read
קרי qry: join, meet
קורין qwryn
קרי qry: read, recite
read

with them.
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them.

Shabbat 16:1.a

Shabbat 16:1.b

Encrypted: Although such documents may be written in any language, they all need to be hidden away. And because of what may one not read with them in war? Because of the closing of all areas that may be examined during war.

Official: Although documents may be written in any language, they all need to be stored away. And because of what may one not read with them on Sabbath? Because of the closing of the house of study on Sabbath.

Although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
ואף על פי wˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
Although

[such] documents [may be written]
ש־ š-: that; כתב ktb: write, document
שכתובים šktwbym
ש־ š-: that; כתב ktb: write, document
documents [may be written]

in any
ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, any
בכל bkl
ב־ b-: in; כל kl: all, any
in any

language,
לשון lšwn: tongue, language
לשון lšwn
לשון lšwn: tongue, language
language,

[they all] need to
טעון ṭˁwn: requiring, needing
טעונים ṭˁwnym
טעון ṭˁwn: requiring, needing
[they all] need to

be hidden away.
גנז gnz: hide, conceal
גניזה gnyzh
גנז gnz: store, file away
be stored away.

And because of
מפני mpny: because of
ומפני wmpny
מפני mpny: because of
And because of

what
מה mh: what
מה mh
מה mh: what
what

[may one] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[may one] not

read
קרי qry: read, recite
קורין qwryn
קרי qry: read, recite
read

with them [in war]?
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them [on Sabbath]?

Because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
Because of

the closing
בטול bṭwl: ending, stoppage
בטול bṭwl
בטול bṭwl: ending, stoppage
the closing

of [all] areas [??]
ביתא bytˀ: area
בית byt
בית byt: house
of the house

[that may be?] examined [during war].
מ־ m-: of; דרש drš: inquire of, examine, question
המדרש hmdrš
מ־ m-: of; דרש drš: seek, study
of study [on Sabbath].

Shabbat 16:1.b

All copies of a document must be hidden.

Shabbat 16:1.c

Encrypted: One must also remove the copies of a document together with the document, the copies of a secret text together with the secret text, even though there may also be inside them monetary value.

Official: One may also rescue the receptacle of a scroll together with the scroll, the receptacle of a prayer book together with the prayer book, even though there may also be inside them money.

[One must also] remove
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
[One may also] rescue

the copies [??]
עתק ˁtq: copy (of a book)
תיק tyq
תיק tyq: sheath, chest, receptacle
the receptacle

of a document
שפר špr: beautiful, fair, pleasant
הספר hspr
ספר spr: document, scroll, book
of a scroll

together with
עם ˁm: with
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with
together with

the document,
ספר spr: document, scroll, book
הספר hspr
ספר spr: document, scroll, book
the scroll,

the copies [??]
עתק ˁtq: copy (of a book)
ותיק wtyq
תיק tyq: sheath, chest, receptacle
the receptacle

of a secret [text]
ת־ t-: of; פליאה plyˀh: hidden thing, secret
התפלין htplyn
תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
of a prayer [book]

together with
עם ˁm: with
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with
together with

the secret [text],
ת־ t-: of; פליאה plyˀh: hidden thing, secret
התפלין htplyn
תפלה tplh: Tefillah, prayer
the prayer [book],

even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
ואף על פי wˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
even though

there [may also] be
ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
שיש šyš
ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
there [may also] be

inside [them]
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle, inside
בתוכן btwkn
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle, inside
inside [them]

monetary [value].
מעות mˁwt: money, small change
מעות mˁwt
מעות mˁwt: money, small change
money.

Shabbat 16:1.c

Shabbat 16:1.d

Encrypted: And to what place may one remove them? Into any cover that can not be penetrated. Ben Bathyra says: Even into one that can be penetrated.

Official: And to what place may one rescue them? Into any alley that is not open. Ben Bathyra says: Even into an open one.

And to what place
ל־ l-: to; היכן hykn: where
ולהיכן wlhykn
ל־ l-: to; היכן hykn: where
And to what place

[may one] remove
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
[may one] rescue

them?
אות ˀwt: same
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: same
them?

Into [any] cover
ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; עביא ˁbyˀ: cover, concealment
למבוי lmbwy
ל־ l-: to; מבוי mbwy: alley; מ־ m-: of; ביאה byˀh: entrance
Into [any] alley

that [can?] not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינו šˀynw
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
that [is] not

be penetrated.
מ־ m-: of; פלש plš: penetrate, perforated
מפלש mplš
מ־ m-: of; פלש plš: open through
open [??].

Ben
בן bn: son
בן bn
בן bn: son
Ben

Bathyra
בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
בתירא btyrˀ
בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
Bathyra

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Even
אף ˀp: even
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even
Even

into [one that can] be penetrated.
ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; פלש plš: penetrate, perforated
למפלש lmplš
ל־ l-: to; מ־ m-: of; פלש plš: open through
into an open [one].

Shabbat 16:1.d

Rescuing commoners

One may rescue supporters before, during & after the war.

Shabbat 16:2.a

Encrypted: One may also rescue from one’s supporters up to three supporters, if they are worthy for a person, or just worthy for human cattle.

Official: One may also rescue food for up to three meals, suitable for a person, or suitable for an animal.

[One may also] rescue
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
[One may also] rescue

from [one’s] supporters
מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
מזון mzwn
מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
food

[up to] three
שלש šlš: three
שלש šlš
שלש šlš: three
[for up to] three

supporters,
סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
סעדות sˁdwt
סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
meals,

[if they] are worthy
ראוי rˀwy: worthy, fit, suitable
הראוי hrˀwy
ראוי rˀwy: worthy, fit, suitable
suitable

for a person,
ל־ l-: for; אדם ˀdm: man, person
לאדם lˀdm
ל־ l-: for; אדם ˀdm: man, person
for a person,

 
ל־ l-: for; אדם ˀdm: man, person
לאדם lˀdm
ל־ l-: for; אדם ˀdm: man, person
 

[or just] worthy
ראוי rˀwy: worthy, fit, suitable
הראוי hrˀwy
ראוי rˀwy: worthy, fit, suitable
[or] suitable

for [human] cattle.
ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
לבהמה lbhmh
ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
for an animal.

 
ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
לבהמה lbhmh
ל־ l-: for; בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
 

Shabbat 16:2.a

Shabbat 16:2.b

Encrypted: How so? If occurs the kindling at the eve of war, one may rescue from one’s supporters three supporters. At the outbreak of war one may rescue from one’s supporters two supporters. And in the aftermath of war from one’s supporters a supporter one.

Official: How so? If occurs a fire in the night to the Sabbath, one may rescue food for three meals. At the dawn to the Sabbath one may rescue food for two meals. And in the afternoon of the Sabbath food for a meal one.

How so?
כיצד kyṣd: how
כיצד kyṣd
כיצד kyṣd: how
How so?

[If] occurs
נפל npl: fall, occur
נפלה nplh
נפל npl: fall, occur
[If] occurs

the kindling
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
דלקה dlqh
דלקה dlqh: fire
a fire

at the eve
ב־ b-: in; ליל lyl: evening
בלילי blyly
ב־ b-: in; ליל lyl: night
in the night

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
[to] the Sabbath,

[one may] rescue
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
[one may] rescue

from [one’s] supporters
מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
מזון mzwn
מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
food

three
שלש šlš: three
שלש šlš
שלש šlš: three
[for] three

supporters.
סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
סעדות sˁdwt
סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
meals.

At the [out]break [of war]
ב־ b-: on; שחר šḥr: dawn, daybreak
בשחרית bšḥryt
ב־ b-: on; שחר šḥr: dawn, daybreak
At the dawn [to the Sabbath]

[one may] rescue
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
[one may] rescue

from [one’s] supporters
מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
מזון mzwn
מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
food

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
[for] two

supporters.
סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
סעדות sˁdwt
סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
meals.

[And] in the after[math?] [of war]
ב־ b-: on; מנחה mnḥh: afternoon
במנחה bmnḥh
ב־ b-: on; מנחה mnḥh: afternoon
[And] in the afternoon [of the Sabbath]

from [one’s] supporters
מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
מזון mzwn
מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
food

a supporter
סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
סעדה sˁdh
סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
[for] a meal

one.
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
one.

Shabbat 16:2.b

Shabbat 16:2.c

Encrypted: Lord Yose says: One may always rescue from one’s supporters three supporters.

Official: Rabbi Yose says: One may always rescue food for three meals.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[One may] always
ל־ l-: to; עולם ˁwlm: forever, always
לעולם lˁwlm
ל־ l-: to; עולם ˁwlm: forever, always
[One may] always

rescue
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
rescue

from [one’s] supporters
מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
מזון mzwn
מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
food

three
שלש šlš: three
שלש šlš
שלש šlš: three
[for] three

supporters.
סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
סעדות sˁdwt
סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
meals.

Shabbat 16:2.c

Rescuing a group counts as one rescue.

Shabbat 16:3.a

Encrypted: One may rescue a group taken for spoils full of wrapped-up supporters, even though there are in it a hundred supporters, or an attacked group of immersed supporters, or an attacked group of secret watchers.

Official: One may rescue a basket full of loaves, even though there is in it a hundred meals, or a round cake of figs, or a barrel of wine.

[One may] rescue
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
[One may] rescue

[a group taken for] spoils
שלל šll: spoil, booty, plunder, pillage
סל sl
סל sl: basket
a basket

full
מלא mlˀ: full, complete
מלא mlˀ
מלא mlˀ: full, complete
full

of wrapped-up [supporters?],
כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
ככרות kkrwt
ככר kkr: loaf
of loaves,

even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
ואף על פי wˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
even though

there are
ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
שיש šyš
ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
there is

in it
ב־ b-: in; ־ו -w: him
בו bw
ב־ b-: in; ־ו -w: him
in it

a hundred
מאה mˀh: hundred
מאה mˀh
מאה mˀh: hundred
a hundred

supporters,
סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
סעדות sˁdwt
סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
meals,

or an attacked [group]
גלע glˁ: attack
ועגול wˁgwl
עגול ˁgwl: round cake, loaf
or a round cake

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

immersed [supporters?],
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
דבלה dblh
דבלה dblh: cake of figs
figs,

or an attacked [group]
חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
וחבית wḥbyt
חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
or a barrel

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

[secret] watchers.
עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard
יין yyn
יין yyn: wine
wine.

Shabbat 16:3.a

Shabbat 16:3.b

Encrypted: One may also say to others: Come and rescue my supporters by yourselves! And if they are clever, they will make with him a calculation after the war.

Official: One may also say to others: Come and rescue my things by yourselves! And if they are clever, they will make with him a calculation after the Sabbath.

[One may also] say
אמר ˀmr: say
ואומר wˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
[One may also] say

to others:
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
לאחרים lˀḥrym
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
to others:

Come
בוא bwˀ: come, go in
באו bˀw
בוא bwˀ: come, go in
Come

and rescue [my supporters]
נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
והצילו whṣylw
נצל nṣl: save, rescue
and rescue [my things]

by yourselves!
ל־ l-: for, by; ־כם -km: you
לכם lkm
ל־ l-: for, by; ־כם -km: you
by yourselves!

And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if

[they] are
היה hyh: be, exist
היו hyw
היה hyh: be, exist
[they] are

clever,
פקח pqḥ: seeing, clever, smart
פקחין pqḥyn
פקח pqḥ: seeing, clever, smart
clever,

they will make
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עושין ˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
they will make

with him
עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
עמו ˁmw
עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
with him

a calculation
חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
חשבון ḥšbwn
חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
a calculation

after
אחר ˀḥr: after
אחר ˀḥr
אחר ˀḥr: after
after

the war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
the Sabbath.

Shabbat 16:3.b

Supporters may be rescued to the private estates of nobles.

Shabbat 16:3.c

Encrypted: To where may one rescue them? To the private estates of the nobles. Ben Bathyra says: Even to one that is not of the nobles.

Official: To where may one rescue them? To a courtyard of mixed boundaries. Ben Bathyra says: Even to one that has no mixed boundaries.

To where
ל־ l-: to; היכן hykn: where
להיכן lhykn
ל־ l-: to; היכן hykn: where
To where

[may one] rescue
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
[may one] rescue

them?
אות ˀwt: this one
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: this one
them?

To the private estates
ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
לחצר lḥṣr
ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
To a courtyard

of the nobles.
מ־ m-: of; רב rb: noble, lord, master
המערבת hmˁrbt
מ־ m-: of; ערב ˁrb: mix, blend, combine
of mixed [boundaries].

Ben
בן bn: son
בן bn
בן bn: son
Ben

Bathyra
בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
בתירא btyrˀ
בתירא btyrˀ: Bathyra
Bathyra

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Even
אף ˀp: even
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even
Even

to [one] that [is] not
ל־ l-: to; ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
לשאינה lšˀynh
ל־ l-: to; ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
to [one] that [has] no

of the nobles.
מ־ m-: of; רב rb: noble, lord, master
מערבת mˁrbt
מ־ m-: of; ערב ˁrb: mix, blend, combine
mixed [boundaries].

Shabbat 16:3.c

Shabbat 16:4.a

Encrypted: And to there one may bring out all human tools in one’s use, and put on as retinue all that one is able to put on, and wrap around oneself all that one is able to wrap around.

Official: And to there one may bring out all objects of use, and put on all clothing that one is able to put on, and wrap around oneself all that one is able to wrap around.

And to there
ל־ l-: to; שם šm: place, there
ולשם wlšm
ל־ l-: to; שם šm: place, there
And to there

[one may] bring out
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
מוציא mwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
[one may] bring out

all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all

[human] tools [?]
כלי kly: utensil, tool, instrument
כלי kly
כלי kly: object, vessel
objects

[in one’s] use,
תשמיש tšmyš: service, use, utensil
תשמישו tšmyšw
תשמיש tšmyš: service, use, utensil
of use,

and put on [as retinue?]
לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
ולובש wlwbš
לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
and put on

all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all [clothing]

that
מה mh: what, how much
מה mh
מה mh: what, how much
that

[one] is able
ש־ š-: that; יכל ykl: can, able
שיכול šykwl
ש־ š-: that; יכל ykl: can, able
[one] is able

to put on,
ל־ l-: to; לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
ללבש llbš
ל־ l-: to; לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
to put on,

and wrap around [oneself]
עטף ˁṭp: wrap around, put on
ועוטף wˁwṭp
עטף ˁṭp: wrap around, put on
and wrap around [oneself]

all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all

that
מה mh: what, how much
מה mh
מה mh: what, how much
that

[one] is able
ש־ š-: that; יכל ykl: can, able
שיכול šykwl
ש־ š-: that; יכל ykl: can, able
[one] is able

to wrap around.
ל־ l-: to; עטף ˁṭp: wrap around, put on
לעטף lˁṭp
ל־ l-: to; עטף ˁṭp: wrap around, put on
to wrap around.

Shabbat 16:4.a

Shabbat 16:4.b

Encrypted: Lord Yose says: One may rescue only officially designated & confirmed human tools, but one may then again put on new ones and bring them out. And one may say to others: Come, and rescue my supporters with me!

Official: Rabbi Yose says: One may put on only eighteen dresses, but one may then again put on new ones and bring them out. And one may say to others: Come, and rescue things with me!

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[One may rescue only officially?] designated & confirmed [???]
זמן zmn: appoint, designate; אשר ˀšr: confirm, verify
שמנה עשר šmnh ˁšr
שמנה šmnh: eight; עשר ˁšr: ten
[One may put on only] eighteen

[human] tools [?],
כלי kly: utensil, tool, instrument
כלים klym
כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
dresses,

but [one may then] again
חזר ḥzr: return, do again
וחוזר wḥwzr
חזר ḥzr: return, do again
but [one may then] again

put on [new ones]
לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
ולובש wlwbš
לבש lbš: clothe, wrap, put on, dress
put on [new ones]

and bring [them] out.
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
ומוציא wmwṣyˀ
מ־ m-: of; יצא yṣˀ: bring out
and bring [them] out.

And [one may] say
אמר ˀmr: say
ואומר wˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
And [one may] say

to others:
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
לאחרים lˀḥrym
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
to others:

Come,
בוא bwˀ: come, bring
באו bˀw
בוא bwˀ: come, bring
Come,

and rescue [my supporters]
נצל nṣl: remove, set aside
והצילו whṣylw
נצל nṣl: save, rescue
and rescue [things]

with me!
עם ˁm: with; ־י -y: me
עמי ˁmy
עם ˁm: with; ־י -y: me
with me!

Shabbat 16:4.b

One may form special squads for agents to stay out of combat.

Shabbat 16:5.a

Encrypted: Lord Simeon ben Nanos says: For protection, one may spread out the attacks of enemy troops over the place of one’s lands, one’s military presence, or fortifications, so that one can safely let be seized them by an attack, because it will only burn them lightly.

Official: Rabbi Simeon ben Nanos says: For protection, one may spread out the skin of a goat over the place of a box, a chest or a cupboard, so that one can safely let be seized them by the fire, because it will only burn them lightly.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Simeon ben Nanos
שמעון בן ננס šmˁwn bn nns: Simeon ben Nanos
שמעון בן ננס šmˁwn bn nns
שמעון בן ננס šmˁwn bn nns: Simeon ben Nanos
Simeon ben Nanos

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[For protection, one may] spread out
פרש prš: spread out
פורסין pwrsyn
פרש prš: spread out
[For protection, one may] spread out

the attacks [??]
אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
עור ˁwr
עור ˁwr: skin, hide
the skin

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

[enemy??] troops
גוד gwd: company, troop
גדי gdy
גדי gdy: young goat, kid
a goat

over
על ˁl: on, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, over
over

the place of
גבי gby: together with, at the place of
גבי gby
גבי gby: together with, at the place of
the place of

[one’s] lands,
שדה šdh: land, field, office
שדה šdh
שדה šdh: strong box, chest
a box,

[one’s] military presence,
טויב ṭwyb: presence, military apparatus
תבה tbh
תבה tbh: chest
a chest

or fortifications,
מגדל mgdl: tower, turret
ומגדל wmgdl
מגדל mgdl: cupboard
or a cupboard,

so that [one can safely let] be seized
ש־ š-: for; אחז ˀḥz: seize, befall
שאחז šˀḥz
ש־ š-: for; אחז ˀḥz: seize, befall
so that [one can safely let] be seized

them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
them

[by]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[by]

an attack [??],
אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
האור hˀwr
אור ˀwr: light, fire
the fire,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

it
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
it

[will only] burn [them lightly].
מ־ m-: of; חרך ḥrk: burn, singe
מחרך mḥrk
מ־ m-: of; חרך ḥrk: burn, singe
[will only] burn [them lightly].

Shabbat 16:5.a

Shabbat 16:5.b

Encrypted: One may also make a division with all human tools, whether they are completely trusted or worthless, for the sake of not letting pass the kindled war to them.

Official: One may also make a wall with all vessels, whether they are full or empty, for the sake of not letting pass the flame.

[One may also] make
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
ועושין wˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[One may also] make

a division
מ־ m-: of; חצי ḥṣy: split, divide
מחצה mḥṣh
מ־ m-: of; חיצה ḥyṣh: partition, wall
a wall

with all
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
בכל bkl
ב־ b-: with; כל kl: all
with all

[human] tools,
כלי kly: utensil, tool, instrument
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
vessels,

whether
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
whether

[they are] completely [trusted?]
מלא mlˀ: complete, confirmed, accomplished
מלאים mlˀym
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
[they are] full

or
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
or

worthless,
ריק ryq: worthless
ריקנים ryqnym
ריק ryq: empty
empty,

for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for the sake of

not
ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
not

[letting] pass
ת־ t-: will; עבר ˁbr: pass
תעבר tˁbr
ת־ t-: will; עבר ˁbr: pass
[letting] pass

the kindled [war to them?].
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
הדלקה hdlqh
דלק dlq: flame
the flame.

Shabbat 16:5.b

New agents may not accept attacks on their fellow subjects.

Shabbat 16:5.b

Encrypted: Lord Yose prohibits this with human tools who are watchmen that are new and still too mixed up with the people, because they are not able to accept an attack on fellow subjects, and so they would break open this information and extinguish the kindling of the war.

Official: Rabbi Yose prohibits this with vessels of clay that are new and full of water, because they are not able to face and withstand the fire, and so they would break and extinguish the flame which is forbidden on Sabbath.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

prohibits [this]
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אוסר ˀwsr
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
prohibits [this]

with [human] tools
ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: utensil, tool, instrument
בכלי bkly
ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: object, vessel
with vessels

who are watchmen
חרסאה ḥrsˀh: watchman
חרס ḥrs
חרס ḥrs: clay, potter
of clay

[that] are new
חדש ḥdš: new
חדשים ḥdšym
חדש ḥdš: new
[that] are new

[and still too] mixed up
מהל mhl: mix
מלאין mlˀyn
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
[and] full

[with] the people,
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
of water,

because
לפי lpy: because
לפי lpy
לפי lpy: because
because

[they are] not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
[they are] not

able
יכל ykl: can, able
יכולין ykwlyn
יכל ykl: can, able
able

to accept
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: accept
לקבל lqbl
ל־ l-: to; קבל qbl: opposite, face
to face [and withstand]

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

an attack [on fellow subjects?],
אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
האור hˀwr
אור ˀwr: light, fire
the fire,

[and so] they
הן hn: they
והן whn
הן hn: they
[and so] they

[would] break open [this information?]
מ־ m-: of; בקע bqˁ: clear, burst, break open
מתבקעין mtbqˁyn
מ־ m-: of; בקע bqˁ: split, break
[would] break

and extinguish
מ־ m-: of; כבי kby: extinguish
ומכבין wmkbyn
מ־ m-: of; כבי kby: extinguish
and extinguish

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the kindling [of the war].
דלק dlq: kindle, burn
הדלקה hdlqh
דלק dlq: flame
the flame [which is forbidden on Sabbath].

Shabbat 16:5.b

Outsiders may influence a war, subjects may not.

Shabbat 16:6.a

Encrypted: If an outsider comes to extinguish a kindled war, insiders may not say to him: “extinguish it”, or: “do not extinguish it”. Because not for him to cease his actions is the responsibility on them.

Official: If a non-Jewish stranger comes to extinguish a fire on Sabbath, Jews may not say to him: “extinguish it”, or: “do not extinguish it”. Because not for him to rest is the responsibility on them.

[If] an outsider
נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
נכרי nkry
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
[If] a [non-Jewish?] stranger

comes
ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: come
שבא šbˀ
ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: come
comes

to extinguish [a kindled war],
ל־ l-: to; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
לכבות lkbwt
ל־ l-: to; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
to extinguish [a fire on Sabbath],

[insiders may?] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[Jews may] not

say
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say

to him:
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to him:

“extinguish [it]”,
כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
כבה kbh
כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
“extinguish [it]”,

or: “[do] not
אל ˀl: not (prohibitive)
ואל wˀl
אל ˀl: not (prohibitive)
or: “[do] not

extinguish [it]”.
כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
תכבה tkbh
כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
extinguish [it]”.

Because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
Because

not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאין šˀyn
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
not

[for him to] cease [his actions?]
שבת šbt: cease, rest
שביתתו šbyttw
שבת šbt: cease, rest
[for him to] rest

[is the responsibility] on them.
על ˁl: on; הן hn: they
עליהן ˁlyhn
על ˁl: on; הן hn: they
[is the responsibility] on them.

Shabbat 16:6.a

Shabbat 16:6.b

Encrypted: But if a commoner of one’s own subjects comes to extinguish the flames of war, they must not listen to him, because for him to cease the responsibility is on them.

Official: But if a young child comes to extinguish a fire on Sabbath, they must not listen to him, because for him to rest the responsibility is on them.

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

[if] a commoner [of one’s own subjects?]
קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
קטן qṭn
קטן qṭn: young, small
[if] a young [child]

comes
ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: come
שבא šbˀ
ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: come
comes

to extinguish [the flames of war?],
ל־ l-: to; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
לכבות lkbwt
ל־ l-: to; כבה kbh: quench, extinguish
to extinguish [a fire on Sabbath],

[they must] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[they must] not

listen
שמע šmˁ: listen
שומעין šwmˁyn
שמע šmˁ: listen
listen

to him,
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to him,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

[for him to] cease
ש־ š-: that; שבת šbt: cease, rest
ששביתתו ššbyttw
ש־ š-: that; שבת šbt: cease, rest
[for him to] rest

[the responsibility is] on them.
על ˁl: on; הן hn: they
עליהן ˁlyhn
על ˁl: on; הן hn: they
[the responsibility is] on them.

Shabbat 16:6.b

One may overturn decisions of low-level officers to rescue commoners.

Shabbat 16:7.a

Encrypted: One may overturn a leader at the top of the servants so that he will not seize a certain town, or over the command of a common-birth officer, or over a soldier so that he will not hurt certain people.

Official: One may turn over a dish on the top of a lamp so that the flame will not seize the beams of the roof, or over the excrements of a young child, or over a scorpion so that it will not bite.

[One may] overturn
כפי kpy: force, overturn
כופין kwpyn
כפי kpy: invert, turn upside down
[One may] turn over

a leader
קיר qyr: lord, leader
קערה qˁrh
קערה qˁrh: dish, platter
a dish

at
על ˁl: on, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, over
on

the top
גב gb: body, top
גבי gby
גב gb: body, top
the top

of the servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
of a lamp

so
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
so

that [he will] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
that [the flame will] not

seize
ת־ t-: will; אחז ˀḥz: seize, befall
תאחז tˀḥz
ת־ t-: will; אחז ˀḥz: seize, befall
seize

[a certain] town,
ב־ b-: on; קריה qryh: city, town, village
בקורה bqwrh
ב־ b-: on; קורא qwrˀ: beam
the beams [of the roof],

or over
על ˁl: on, over
ועל wˁl
על ˁl: on, over
or over

the command
צואה ṣwˀh: command, order
צואה ṣwˀh
צואה ṣwˀh: excrement
the excrements

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

a common-birth [officer],
קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
קטן qṭn
קטן qṭn: young, small
a young [child],

or over
על ˁl: on, over
ועל wˁl
על ˁl: on, over
or over

a soldier
קרב qrb: war, battle, soldier
עקרב ˁqrb
עקרב ˁqrb: scorpion
a scorpion

so that [he will] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
so that [it will] not

hurt [certain people].
ת־ t-: will; נזק nzq: damage, harm, injure
תשך tšk
ת־ t-: will; נשך nšk: bite
bite.

Shabbat 16:7.a

Shabbat 16:7.b

Encrypted: Says lord Yehudah: A person committing such an act came before lord Yohanan ben Zakkai in Arav, and he said: I fear for him that he is guilty of a mistake.

Official: Says rabbi Yehudah: A person committing such an act came before rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai in Arav, and he said: I fear for him that he has to make a sin-offering.

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Yehudah:
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah:

[A person committing such] an act
מ־ m-: of; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
מעשה mˁšh
מ־ m-: of; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[A person committing such] an act

came
בוא bwˀ: come
בא bˀ
בוא bwˀ: come
came

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

lord
רבן rbn: lord
רבן rbn
רבן rbn: rabban
rabban

Yohanan ben Zakkai
יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy: Yohanan ben Zakkai
יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy
יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy: Yohanan ben Zakkai
Yohanan ben Zakkai

in Arav [??],
ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: Arav
בערב bˁrb
ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: Arav
in Arav,

and he said:
אמר ˀmr: say
ואמר wˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
and he said:

[I] fear
חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
חוששני ḥwššny
חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
[I] fear

for him
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
for him

[that he is guilty of] a mistake.
מ־ m-: of; חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
מחטאת mḥṭˀt
מ־ m-: of; חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[that he has to make] a sin-offering.

Shabbat 16:7.b

Using war efforts of commoners

Crowds whipped up by outsiders may only be used without collaboration.

Shabbat 16:8.a

Encrypted: If an outsider kindles the servants for his special use, it may also be used for preparing attacks by a veiled ruler. But if it is done for the sake of the veiled ruler, it is prohibited to use outsiders.

Official: If a non-Jewish stranger kindles a lamp for his special use, it may also be used for light by an Israelite. But if it is done for the sake of the Israelite, it is prohibited to use it.

[If] an outsider
נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
נכרי nkry
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
[If] a [non-Jewish?] stranger

kindles
ש־ š-: that; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
שהדליק šhdlyq
ש־ š-: that; דלק dlq: kindle, burn
kindles

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the servants
נער nˁr: boy, servant
הנר hnr
נר nr: light, lamp, candle
a lamp

[for his special] use,
מ־ m-: of; שמש / השתמש šmš / hštmš: serve, use, play a role
משתמש mštmš
מ־ m-: of; שמש / השתמש šmš / hštmš: serve, use, play a role
[for his special] use,

[it may also be used] for [preparing] attacks
ל־ l-: for; אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, encounter, attack
לאורו lˀwrw
ל־ l-: for; אור ˀwr: light, fire
[it may also be used] for light

[by] a veiled ruler.
שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
[by] an Israelite.

But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if

[it is done] for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
[it is done] for the sake of

the veiled ruler,
שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
the Israelite,

[it is] prohibited [to use outsiders].
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אסור ˀswr
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
[it is] prohibited [to use it].

Shabbat 16:8.a

Shabbat 16:8.b

Encrypted: An outsider can fill up the people to cause an uproar among the human cattle, and it may be used for an uproar after him by a veiled ruler among his own cattle. But if it is done for the sake of the veiled ruler, it is prohibited to use outsiders.

Official: A stranger can fills up water to give it for drinking to his cattle, and it may be given for drinking after him by an Israelite to his own cattle. But if it is done for the sake of the Israelite, it is prohibited to use it.

[An outsider can] fill up
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
מלא mlˀ
מלא mlˀ: full, fill
[A stranger can] fills up

the people
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water

to [cause] an uproar
ל־ l-: to; שקק šqq: noise, rushing, uproar
להשקות lhšqwt
ל־ l-: to; שקה šqh: drink, give to drink
to [give it] for drinking

[among the human] cattle,
בהם bhm: animal, cattle
בהמתו bhmtw
בהם bhm: animal, cattle
[to his] cattle,

[and it may be used for] an uproar
מ־ m-: of; שקק šqq: noise, rushing, uproar
משקה mšqh
מ־ m-: of; שקה šqh: drink, give to drink
[and it may be given for] drinking

after him
אחר ˀḥr: after
אחריו ˀḥryw
אחר ˀḥr: after
after him

[by] a veiled ruler [among his own cattle].
שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
[by] an Israelite [to his own cattle].

But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if

[it is done] for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
[it is done] for the sake of

the veiled ruler,
שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
the Israelite,

[it is] prohibited [to use outsiders].
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אסור ˀswr
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
[it is] prohibited [to use it].

Shabbat 16:8.b

Siege works by outsiders may only be used without collaboration.

Shabbat 16:8.c

Encrypted: If makes one of the crowds siege works to enter a place with it, then may enter after him a veiled ruler with his own plans. But if it is done for the sake of the veiled ruler, it is prohibited to use outsiders.

Official: If makes one of the foreign nations a bridge to go down from a ship on it, then may enter after him by an Israelite to his own cattle. But if it is done for the sake of the Israelite, it is prohibited to use it.

[If] makes
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עשה ˁšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[If] makes

[one of the] crowds
גוי gwy: crowd, people
גוי gwy
גוי gwy: nation
[one of the foreign] nations

siege works [???]
כבש kbš: besiege, siege works, conquest
כבש kbš
כבש kbš: platform, landing bridge
a bridge

to enter [a place]
ל־ l-: to; ירד yrd: enter, take possession of, seize
לירד lyrd
ל־ l-: to; ירד yrd: go down
to go down [from a ship?]

with it,
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: on; ־ו -w: him, it
on it,

[then may] enter
ירד yrd: enter, take possession of, seize
יורד ywrd
ירד yrd: go down
[then may] enter

after him
אחר ˀḥr: after
אחריו ˀḥryw
אחר ˀḥr: after
after him

a veiled ruler [with his own plans].
שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
[by] an Israelite [to his own cattle].

But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if

[it is done] for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
[it is done] for the sake of

the veiled ruler,
שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
the Israelite,

[it is] prohibited [to use outsiders].
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אסור ˀswr
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
[it is] prohibited [to use it].

Shabbat 16:8.c

Shabbat 16:8.d

Encrypted: There was such an incident with lord Gamliel and the elder judges where they were arriving in secret, and there made one of the crowds siege works to enter a place with it, and also entered with it lord Gamliel and the elder judges as it wasn’t made for them.

Official: There was such an incident with rabban Gamliel and the elder judges where they were arriving on a ship, and there made one of the foreign nations a bridge to go down from a ship on it, and also entered on it rabban Gamliel and the elder judges as it wasn’t made for them.

[There was such] an incident
מעשה mˁšh: action, happening, incident
מעשה mˁšh
מעשה mˁšh: action, happening, incident
[There was such] an incident

with lord
ב־ b-: with; רבן rbn: lord
ברבן brbn
ב־ b-: with; רבן rbn: rabban
with rabban

Gamliel
גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
גמליאל gmlyˀl
גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
Gamliel

and the elder judges
זקן zqn: elder, judge
וזקנים wzqnym
זקן zqn: elder, judge
and the elder judges

where [they] were
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
שהיו šhyw
ש־ š-: which; היה hyh: be
where [they] were

arriving
ב־ b-: among; עני ˁny: poor, oppress, violate
באין bˀyn
בוא bwˀ: come, arrive
arriving

in secret,
ב־ b-: in; שפון špwn: hidden, concealed, secret
בספינה bspynh
ב־ b-: on; ספינה spynh: ship, boat
on a ship,

and [there] made
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
ועשה wˁšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
and [there] made

[one of the] crowds
גוי gwy: crowd, people
גוי gwy
גוי gwy: nation
[one of the foreign] nations

siege works [???]
כבש kbš: besiege, siege works, conquest
כבש kbš
כבש kbš: platform, landing bridge
a bridge

to enter [a place]
ל־ l-: to; ירד yrd: enter, take possession of, seize
לירד lyrd
ל־ l-: to; ירד yrd: go down
to go down [from a ship?]

with it,
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: on; ־ו -w: him, it
on it,

and [also] entered
ירד yrd: enter, take possession of, seize
וירדו wyrdw
ירד yrd: go down
and [also] entered

with it
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: on; ־ו -w: him, it
on it

lord
רבן rbn: lord
רבן rbn
רבן rbn: rabban
rabban

Gamliel
גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
גמליאל gmlyˀl
גמליאל gmlyˀl: Gamliel
Gamliel

and the elder judges [as it wasn’t made for them].
זקן zqn: elder, judge
וזקנים wzqnym
זקן zqn: elder, judge
and the elder judges [as it wasn’t made for them].

Shabbat 16:8.d

Reassigning disguises in war

All disguises may be reassigned in war, and the agents with them.

Shabbat 17:1.a

Encrypted: All veils may be moved or removed in war, and also the veiled servants with them, even though some could be killed in war, as they are not like those servants who are guards, because they are not coming from a preparation for war.

Official: All vessels, may be moved on Sabbath and also their doors moved with them, even though they may be dismantled on Sabbath, as they are not like the doors of a house, because they are not coming from a preparation for the Sabbath.

All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All

veils [??]
כלה klh: veil, curtain
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
vessels,

[may] be moved [or removed?]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטלין nṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[may] be moved

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath

and also [the veiled??] servants [??]
דול dwl: serve; דייל dyyl: attendant; ־ת -t: (suffix)
ודלתותיהן wdltwtyhn
דלת dlt: door
and also [their] doors

with them,
עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
עמהן ˁmhn
עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
[moved] with them,

even though
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py
אף על פי ˀp ˁl py: although
even though

[some could] be killed
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פרק prq: break, kill
שנתפרקו šntprqw
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פרק prq: take off, dismantle
[they may] be dismantled

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

as [they are] not
ש־ š-: for; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינן šˀynn
ש־ š-: for; אין ˀyn: no, not
as [they are] not

like
דמיון dmywn: likeness, resemblance
דומין dwmyn
דמיון dmywn: likeness, resemblance
like

[those] servants
ל־ l-: to
לדלתות ldltwt
ל־ l-: to; דלת dlt: door
the doors

who are guards [??],
באתיא bˀtyˀ: boetheia, mercenaries, guard
הבית hbyt
בית byt: house
of a house,

because
לפי lpy: according to, because
לפי lpy
לפי lpy: according to, because
because

[they] are not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינן šˀynn
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
[they] are not

[coming] from
מן mn: of, from
מן mn
מן mn: of, from
[coming] from

a preparation [for war].
מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
המוכן hmwkn
מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
a preparation [for the Sabbath].

Shabbat 17:1.a

One may reassign a disguise in war to rescue an underling.

Shabbat 17:2.a

Encrypted: Still may move a man a veil to rescue with this act people who would otherwise be extinguished.

Official: Therefore may move a man a hammer to split open with it nuts.

[Still may] move
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[Therefore may] move

a man
אדם ˀdm: man, person
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, person
a man

a veil [??]
קורנעה qwrnˁh: large veil
קרנס qrns
קורנס qwrns: hammer
a hammer

to rescue
ל־ l-: to; פצא pṣˀ: save, rescue
לפצע lpṣˁ
ל־ l-: to; פצע pṣˁ: split open
to split open

with this [act]
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[people who would otherwise] be extinguished.
גוז gwz: cut off, extinguish, disappear
האגוזים hˀgwzym
אגוז ˀgwz: nut
nuts.

Shabbat 17:2.a

One may reassign a disguise in war to expose & destroy an underling.

Shabbat 17:2.b

Encrypted: One may also move a cover to cut off denounced agents. One may draw it away to draw also away with this covered agents.

Official: One may also move an axe to cut a cake of figs. One may also move a saw to saw with it cheese.

[One may also move] a cover
קרם qrm: cover, overlay
וקרדם wqrdm
קרדם qrdm: axe
[One may also move] an axe

to cut off
ל־ l-: to; חתך ḥtk: cut, cut off, sever
לחתך lḥtk
ל־ l-: to; חתך ḥtk: cut, cut off, sever
to cut

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

denounced [agents?].
תפל tpl: slander, denounce
הדבלה hdblh
דבלה dblh: cake of figs
a cake of figs.

[One may] draw [it] away [??]
מ־ m-: of; גרר grr: pull, draw away, drag away
מגרה mgrh
מגרה mgrh: saw; מ־ m-: of; גרר grr: grate, saw
[One may also move] a saw

to draw [also] away
ל־ l-: to; גרר grr: pull, draw away, drag away
לגרר lgrr
ל־ l-: to; גרר grr: grate, saw, scrape
to saw

with this
ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
בה bh
ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
with it

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

covered [agents].
עגבונא ˁgbwnˀ: willingly, on purpose
הגבינה hgbynh
גבן gbn: form cheese
cheese.

Shabbat 17:2.b

Shabbat 17:2.c

Encrypted: One may sweep it away to also sweep away with this one who has become an outsider. Also a runaway or one to be dismissed, to present him to the vengeful masses.

Official: One may also move a shovel to shovel with it dried figs. Also a winnowing shovel or a pitchfork, to put on it food for a young child.

[One may] sweep [it] away [??]
מ־ m-: of; גרף grp: sweep away, clean
מגרפה mgrph
מ־ m-: of; גרף grp: sweep, shovel
[One may also move] a shovel

to [also] sweep away [??]
ל־ l-: to; גרף grp: sweep away, clean
לגרף lgrp
ל־ l-: to; גרף grp: sweep, shovel
to shovel

with this
ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
בה bh
ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
with it

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[one who has become?] an outsider.
גר gr: stranger; גיורא gywrˀ: outsider, non-member
הגרוגרות hgrwgrwt
גרוגרת grwgrt: dried fig; גרגר grgr: berry
dried figs.

[Also]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[Also]

a runaway [??]
רהט rhṭ: run, runner
הרחת hrḥt
רחת rḥt: winnowing shovel
a winnowing shovel

or
את ˀt: to
ואת wˀt
את ˀt: to
or

[one to] be dismissed [??],
מ־ m-: of; סלק slq: go away, flee, dismissed, remove
המזלג hmzlg
מזלג mzlg: fork
a [pitch]fork,

to present
ל־ l-: to; נתן / תת ntn / tt: show, display, present
לתת ltt
ל־ l-: to; נתן / תת ntn / tt: give, put
to put

him [??]
עלי ˁly: on; ־ו -w: him, it
עליו ˁlyw
עלי ˁly: on; ־ו -w: him, it
on it

to the [vengeful?] masses.
ל־ l-: to; קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
לקטן lqṭn
ל־ l-: for; קטן qṭn: young
[food] for a young [child].

Shabbat 17:2.c

Shabbat 17:2.d

Encrypted: Also one to be silenced or one who squeaks too much, to incapacitate him.

Official: Also a spindle or a whorl, to insert it into food.

[Also]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
[Also]

[one to?] be silenced [??]
כוש kwš: quieted; כישא kyšˀ: quiet down, silenced
הכוש hkwš
כוש kwš: reed, spindle
a spindle

or
את ˀt: to
ואת wˀt
את ˀt: to
or

[one who?] squeaks [too much??],
כרכר krkr: go around, squeak
הכרכר hkrkr
כרכר krkr: spindle, peg top, shuttle
a whorl,

to incapacitate [??]
ל־ l-: to; תחב tḥb: humiliate, weakened, incapacitate
לתחב ltḥb
ל־ l-: to; תחב tḥb: stick in, insert
to insert

him.
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
it [into food?].

Shabbat 17:2.d

Shabbat 17:2.e

Encrypted: Also an inferior of those under one’s own power, to remove with this a person to be cut off. Also one of desire to persuade with him other servants.

Official: Also a needle of the hand, to remove with it a thorn. Also that of the sackmakers, to open with it a door.

[Also] an inferior [?]
מ־ m-: of; נחות nḥwt: low, inferior
מחט mḥṭ
מחט mḥṭ: needle
[Also] a needle

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

[those under one’s own] power [??],
יד yd: power, possession, borders
יד yd
יד yd: hand
the hand,

to remove
ל־ l-: to; נטל nṭl: move, remove
לטל lṭl
ל־ l-: to; נטל nṭl: move, remove
to remove

with this
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[a person to be] cut off.
קצץ qṣṣ: cut off, excluded
הקוץ hqwṣ
קוץ qwṣ: thorn, prick
a thorn.

[Also one] of
של šl: of, belonging to
ושל wšl
של šl: of, belonging to
[Also that] of

desire [?]
שוק šwq: desire, longing, yearning
סקאים sqˀym
סקאי sqˀy: sack maker, sacker
the sackmakers,

to persuade [?]
ל־ l-: to; פתה pth: entice, seduce, persuade
לפתח lptḥ
ל־ l-: to; פתח ptḥ: open
to open

with him
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[other] servants [??].
דל dl: low, poor, powerless; דול dwl: serve; ־ת -t: (suffix)
הדלת hdlt
דלת dlt: door
a door.

Shabbat 17:2.e

A nobleman’s compromised disguise may be reassigned to someone else.

Shabbat 17:3.a

Encrypted: As for the veil of a nobleman, if there is a connection seen at the visible front, it becomes unclean, and if not, it does not become unclean.

Official: As for a stalk of olives, if there is a knot at the top, it becomes unclean, and if not, it does not become unclean.

[As for] the veil
קנע qnˁ: put on a veil
קנה qnh
קנה qnh: reed, stalk
[As for] a stalk

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

a nobleman,
זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility; זיותן zywtn: distinguished, noble
זיתים zytym
זית zyt: olive
olives,

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

there is
יש yš: there is
יש yš
יש yš: there is
there is

a connection
קשר qšr: connect, relation, conspiracy
קשר qšr
קשר qšr: bind, knot, band
a knot

[seen] at the [visible] front,
ב־ b-: at; ראש rˀš: forefront; רישא ryšˀ: thing on top
בראשו brˀšw
ב־ b-: on; ראש rˀš: top
at the top,

[it becomes]
מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
מקבל mqbl
מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
[it becomes]

unclean,
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
טמאה ṭmˀh
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
unclean,

and if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
and if

not,
לאו lˀw: it is not
לאו lˀw
לאו lˀw: it is not
not,

[it does] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[it does] not

[become]
מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
מקבל mqbl
מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
[become]

unclean.
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
טמאה ṭmˀh
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean
unclean.

Shabbat 17:3.a

Shabbat 17:3.b

Encrypted: Whether like this or like that, it may be moved to someone else in war.

Official: Whether like this or like that, it may be moved on Sabbath.

Whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
Whether

like this
כך kk: so, thus
כך kk
כך kk: so, thus
like this

or
בין byn: whether
ובין wbyn
בין byn: whether
or

like that,
כך kk: so, thus
כך kk
כך kk: so, thus
like that,

[it may] be moved [to someone else]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטל nṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[it may] be moved

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 17:3.b

All disguises may be reassigned to other people in special circumstances.

Shabbat 17:4.a

Encrypted: Lord Yose says: All veils may be moved to someone else, except for those of informants of important positions, and informants belonging to special arrangements.

Official: Rabbi Yose says: All objects may be moved, except for a saw that is large, and the handle of a plough.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All

veils
כלה klh: veil, curtain
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
objects

[may] be moved [to someone else],
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטלין nṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[may] be moved,

except for
חוץ ḥwṣ: except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: except
except for

[those] of
מן mn: of, from
מן mn
מן mn: of, from
 

informants
מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
המסר hmsr
מסר msr: saw
a saw

of [important] positions,
גדולה gdwlh: distinction, high position, office
הגדול hgdwl
גדל gdl: great, large
that is large,

and informants
ידע ydˁ: know, inform; ־ת -t: (suffix)
ויתד wytd
יתד ytd: peg, nail, handle of a tool
and the handle

belonging to
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

[special] arrangements.
חרז ḥrz: strung together, arranged
מחרשה mḥršh
חרש ḥrš: plough
a plough.

Shabbat 17:4.a

Shabbat 17:4.b

Encrypted: All veils may be moved to someone else for a specific purpose and also not for a specific purpose. Lord Nehemiah says: Veils may not be moved to someone else, except for a specific purpose.

Official: All objects may be moved for a specific purpose and also not for a specific purpose. Rabbi Nehemiah says: Objects may not be moved, except for a specific purpose.

All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All

veils
כלה klh: veil, curtain
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
objects

[may] be moved [to someone else]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטלין nṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[may] be moved

for a [specific] purpose
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
לצרך lṣrk
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
for a [specific] purpose

and also not
ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
ושלא wšlˀ
ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
and also not

for a [specific] purpose.
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
לצרך lṣrk
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
for a [specific] purpose.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Nehemiah
נחמיה nḥmyh: Nehemiah
נחמיה nḥmyh
נחמיה nḥmyh: Nehemiah
Nehemiah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[Veils may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[Objects may] not

be moved [to someone else],
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטלין nṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
be moved,

except
אלא ˀlˀ: only, except
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: only, except
except

for a [specific] purpose.
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
לצרך lṣrk
ל־ l-: for; צרוך ṣrwk: need, use, function
for a [specific] purpose.

Shabbat 17:4.b

Disguised agents may be reassigned to play attackers or defenders.

Shabbat 17:5.a

Encrypted: All veils may be moved to someone else in war, and any supporters may be moved with them, on the condition that is is for an action similar to their original work.

Official: All vessels may be moved on Sabbath, and any broken pieces may be moved with them, on the condition that is is for an action similar to their original work.

All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All

veils
כלה klh: veil, curtain
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
vessels

[may] be moved [to someone else]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
הנטלין hnṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[may] be moved

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

[and any] supporters
סובר swbr: support, sustain
שבריהן šbryhn
שבר šbr: break into pieces
[and any] broken pieces

[may] be moved
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטלין nṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[may] be moved

with them,
עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
עמהן ˁmhn
עם ˁm: with; הן hn: they
with them,

on the condition
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
on the condition

that [is] is
ש־ š-: that; יהי yhy: be
שיהיו šyhyw
ש־ š-: that; יהי yhy: be
that [is] is

[for] an action
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עושין ˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[for] an action

similar to
מעין mˁyn: similar to, like, resembling
מעין mˁyn
מעין mˁyn: similar to, like, resembling
similar to

[their original] work.
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
מלאכה mlˀkh
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
[their original] work.

Shabbat 17:5.a

Shabbat 17:5.b

Encrypted: Supporters who can still be confused for someone else may be used for dressing up with them the attacking side of a fake attack. Supporters who are clearly known may be used for dressing up with them the side opposite.

Official: Broken pieces of a mixing bowl may be used for covering with them the mouth of a barrel. Broken pieces of clear glass may be used for covering with them the mouth of a jar.

Supporters
סובר swbr: support, sustain
שברי šbry
שבר šbr: break into pieces
Broken pieces

[who can still] be confused [for someone else?]
ערב ˁrb: mix, confuse
ערבה ˁrbh
ערבה ˁrbh: mixing bowl
of a mixing bowl

[may be used] for dressing up
ל־ l-: for; כסי ksy: clothed, veiled
לכסות lkswt
ל־ l-: for; כסי ksy: hide, cover
[may be used] for covering

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the [attacking?] side
אפיא ˀpyˀ: side, front surface
פי py
פי py: mouth
the mouth

of a [fake?] attack [??].
חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
החבית hḥbyt
חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
of a barrel.

Supporters
סובר swbr: support, sustain
שברי šbry
שבר šbr: break into pieces
Broken pieces

[who are] clearly [known?]
זכוך zkwk: clear, transparent; ־ת -t: (suffix)
זכוכית zkwkyt
זכוכית zkwkyt: glass
of clear [glass?]

[may be used] for dressing up
ל־ l-: for; כסי ksy: clothed, veiled
לכסות lkswt
ל־ l-: for; כסי ksy: hide, cover
[may be used] for covering

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the side
אפיא ˀpyˀ: side, front surface
פי py
פי py: mouth
the mouth

opposite.
הפך hpk: reverse, opposite
הפך hpk
פך pk: jar, cruse
of a jar.

Shabbat 17:5.b

Shabbat 17:5.c

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: On the condition that it is also an action similar to their original work.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: On the condition that it is also for an action similar to their original work.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

On the condition
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
On the condition

that [it] is [also]
ש־ š-: that; יהי yhy: be
שיהיו šyhyw
ש־ š-: that; יהי yhy: be
that [it] is [also]

an action
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עושין ˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[for] an action

similar to
מעין mˁyn: similar to, like, resembling
מעין mˁyn
מעין mˁyn: similar to, like, resembling
similar to

[their original] work.
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
מלאכתן mlˀktn
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business
[their original] work.

Shabbat 17:5.c

Shabbat 17:5.d

Encrypted: Supporters who can still be confused for someone else may also be used for being attackers in the middle of an attack. Those who are clearly known may also be used for being distressed people in the middle of defense preparations.

Official: Broken pieces of a mixing bowl may also be used for pouring into their middle jelly. Those of glass may also be used for pouring into their middle oil.

Supporters
סובר swbr: support, sustain
שברי šbry
שבר šbr: break into pieces
Broken pieces

[who can still] be confused [for someone else?]
ערב ˁrb: mix, confuse
ערבה ˁrbh
ערבה ˁrbh: mixing bowl
of a mixing bowl

[may also be used] for [being] attackers [?]
ל־ l-: for; זקק zqq: join, attack
לצוק lṣwq
ל־ l-: for; צוק ṣwq: pour out
[may also be used] for pouring

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוכן ltwkn
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into [their] middle

of an attack [?].
מ־ m-: of; יקף yqp: attack
מקפה mqph
מ־ m-: of; קפא qpˀ: congeal; קיפא qypˀ: jelly
jelly.

[Those]
של šl: of, belonging to
ושל wšl
של šl: of, belonging to
[Those] of

[who are] clearly [known?]
זכוך zkwk: clear, transparent; ־ת -t: (suffix)
זכוכית zkwkyt
זכוכית zkwkyt: glass
glass

[may also be used] for being distressed [people?]
ל־ l-: for; צוק ṣwq: distress, afflicted
לצוק lṣwq
ל־ l-: for; צוק ṣwq: pour out
[may also be used] for pouring

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוכן ltwkn
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into [their] middle

of [defense?] preparations [?].
זמן zmn: make ready, prepare
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
oil.

Shabbat 17:5.d

Leader roles may only be switched if the role practically plays itself.

Shabbat 17:6.a

Encrypted: As for the surface on a leader, if it can fullfill its role in itself and it has not yet disintegrated, one may replace into it anyone else. But if it can not fulfill the role by itself, one may not replace just anyone new into it in war.

Official: As for a stone in a gourd, if it is full in it with water and it does not fall, one may fill with it on Sabbath. But if it is not already filled, one may not fill with it on Sabbath.

[As for] the surface [??]
אפין ˀpyn: front surface, characteristic
האבן hˀbn
אבן ˀbn: stone
[As for] a stone [??]

on a leader [??],
ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: on; קירא qyrˀ: lord, leader
שבקרויה šbqrwyh
ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; קרא qrˀ: pumpkin, gourd
in a gourd [??],

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

[it can] fullfill [its role]
מ־ m-: of; מלי mly: fulfill a role, completed
ממלאין mmlˀyn
מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: full, fill
[it] is full

in it[self?]
ב־ b-: in; ־ה -h: her, it
בה bh
ב־ b-: in; ־ה -h: her, it
in it [with water?]

and [it has] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואינה wˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [it does] not

[yet] disintegrated,
נפל npl: disintegrate, defeat
נופלת nwplt
נפל npl: fall, occur
fall,

[one may] replace
מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: replace; מלי mly: act instead of
ממלאין mmlˀyn
מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: full, fill
[one may] fill

into it [anyone else].
ב־ b-: into, within; ־ה -h: her, it
בה bh
ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
with it [on Sabbath].

But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if

it [can] not [fulfill the role by itself?],
לאו lˀw: it is not
לאו lˀw
לאו lˀw: it is not
it is not [already filled?],

[one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not

replace
מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: replace; מלי mly: act instead of
ממלאין mmlˀyn
מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: full, fill
fill

[just anyone new] into it [in war].
ב־ b-: into, within; ־ה -h: her, it
בה bh
ב־ b-: with; ־ה -h: her, it
with it [on Sabbath].

Shabbat 17:6.a

Roles of spies tied up in war activities may be reassigned.

Shabbat 17:6.b

Encrypted: As for a watchman that is tied up in a military strike, one may replace him with someone else in a war.

Official: As for a vine that is tied on a pitcher, one may fill it with water on Sabbath as it’s part of the pitcher.

[As for] a watchman
שומר šwmr: watchman, guard; זמור zmwr: revelry, harlotry
זמורה zmwrh
זמורה zmwrh: vine-shoot, branch, twig
[As for] a vine

that
ש־ š-: that; היא hyˀ: he, it
שהיא šhyˀ
ש־ š-: that; היא hyˀ: he, it
that

is tied up
קשר qšr: bind, tie
קשורה qšwrh
קשר qšr: bind, tie
is tied

in a [military?] strike,
ב־ b-: in; טפח ṭpḥ: knock, strike
בטפיח bṭpyḥ
ב־ b-: on; טפיח ṭpyḥ: pitcher
on a pitcher,

[one may] replace
מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: replace; מלי mly: act instead of
ממלאין mmlˀyn
מ־ m-: of; מלא mlˀ: full, fill
[one may] fill

him [with someone else]
ב־ b-: in; ־ה -h: her, it
בה bh
ב־ b-: in; ־ה -h: her, it
it [with water]

in a war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath [as it’s part of the pitcher?].

Shabbat 17:6.b

New agent recruits not yet fully employed may be fired when a war starts.

Shabbat 17:7.a

Encrypted: As for stopping a new recruit, lord Eliezer says: If at the time he is still contracted in uncertainty, one may stop the contract with him, but if he is not, one may not stop the contract with him.

Official: As for the shutter of a window, rabbi Eliezer says: If at the time it is tied to and hanging from the window, one may shut the window with it, but if it is not, one may not shut the window with it.

[As for] stopping [???]
פקק pqq: stop; פקע pqˁ: cancel, nullify
פקק pqq
פקק pqq: split, stop-gap, stopper
[As for] the shutter [?]

a [new] recruit [???],
חיל ḥyl: recruit, enlist; ־ן -n: (suffix)
החלון hḥlwn
חלון ḥlwn: window
of a window,

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[If] at the time
ב־ b-: at; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: at; זמן zmn: time
[If] at the time

he
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
it

is [still] contracted [???]
קשר qšr: band of people, league together, enter agreement; קישור qyšwr: contraction
קשור qšwr
קשר qšr: bind, tie, join
is tied to

in uncertainty [???],
תלי tly: leave undecided; תלוא tlwˀ: in uncertainty
ותלוי wtlwy
תלי tly: hang, suspend
and hanging [from the window?],

[one may] stop [???]
פקק pqq: stop; פקע pqˁ: cancel, nullify
פוקקין pwqqyn
פקק pqq: split, stop-gap, stopper
[one may] shut [?]

[the contract???] with him,
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
[the window] with it,

but if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
but if

he is not,
לאו lˀw: it is not
לאו lˀw
לאו lˀw: it is not
it is not,

[one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not

stop [the contract???]
פקק pqq: stop; פקע pqˁ: cancel, nullify
פוקקין pwqqyn
פקק pqq: split, stop-gap, stopper
shut [the window?]

with him.
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it.

Shabbat 17:7.a

Shabbat 17:7.b

Encrypted: And the advisors say: Whether like this or like that, one may always stop the contract with him.

Official: And the advisors say: Whether like this or like that, one may always shut the window with it.

And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

Whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
Whether

like this
כך kk: so, thus
כך kk
כך kk: so, thus
like this

or
בין byn: whether
ובין wbyn
בין byn: whether
or

like that,
כך kk: so, thus
כך kk
כך kk: so, thus
like that,

[one may always] stop [the contract???]
פקק pqq: stop; פקע pqˁ: cancel, nullify
פוקקין pwqqyn
פקק pqq: split, stop-gap, stopper
[one may always] shut [the window?]

with him.
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it.

Shabbat 17:7.b

All disguises with fixed appearances for show may be switched to someone else.

Shabbat 17:8.a

Encrypted: All covers of informants where there is to them a fixed structure of appearance may be moved to someone else in war.

Official: All covers of vessels where there is to them a structure of a handle may be moved on Sabbath.

All
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All

covers
כסי ksy: cover
כסויי kswyy
כסי ksy: cover
covers

of informants
אכל ˀkl: inform against
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
of vessels

where there is
ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
שיש šyš
ש־ š-: that; יש yš: there is
where there is

to them
ל־ l-: to; הם hm: them
להם lhm
ל־ l-: to; הם hm: them
to them

a [fixed?] structure
ביתא bytˀ: house, structure
בית byt
ביתא bytˀ: house, structure
a structure

of appearance
חזי ḥzy: sight, appearance
אחיזה ˀḥyzh
אחז ˀḥz: handle, grip, grasp
of a handle

[may] be moved [to someone else]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטלים nṭlym
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[may] be moved

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 17:8.a

Shabbat 17:8.b

Encrypted: Says lord Yose: In what context was this command said? Only with covers for shrouding & concealing. But with covers for showing to the public, whether like this or like that, they all may be moved to someone else in war regardless of a fixed appearance.

Official: Says rabbi Yose: In what context was this command said? Only with covers of the ground. But with covers of vessels, whether like this or like that, they all may be moved on Sabbath regardless of a handle.

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Yose:
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose:

In what [context]
ב־ b-: in; מה mh: what
במה bmh
ב־ b-: in; מה mh: what
In what [context]

[was this] command
דבר dbr: word, command, matter
דברים dbrym
דבר dbr: word, command, matter
[was this] command

said?
אמר ˀmr: say
אמורים ˀmwrym
אמר ˀmr: say
said?

[Only] with covers
ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: conceal, cover, hide
בכסוי bkswy
ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: conceal, cover, hide
[Only] with covers

[for] shrouding [& concealing].
כרך krk: put on, wrap up, surround; כורך kwrk: shroud
קרקע qrqˁ
קרקע qrqˁ: ground, floor, bottom
of the ground.

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

with covers
ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: conceal, cover, hide
בכסוי bkswy
ב־ b-: with; כסי ksy: conceal, cover, hide
with covers

[for] showing [to the public],
גלי gly: reveal, show; גליא glyˀ: display, present
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
of vessels,

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

[like] this
כך kk: so, thus
כך kk
כך kk: so, thus
[like] this

or
בין byn: whether
ובין wbyn
בין byn: whether
or

[like] that,
כך kk: so, thus
כך kk
כך kk: so, thus
[like] that,

[they all may] be moved [to someone else]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטלים nṭlym
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[they all may] be moved

in war [regardless of a fixed appearance?].
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath [regardless of a handle?].

Shabbat 17:8.b

Entire teams of agents may be reassigned if they wish to leave the war zone.

Shabbat 18:1.a

Encrypted: One may change even four or five gatherings of pretenders or of people for impressions because of them wishing to leave the war zone, or because of the cessation of all structures of ordinary life in war, but not out of pressure.

Official: One may turn even four or five piles of straw or of produce because of guests, or because of the cessation of the house of study on Sabbath, but not in a granary.

[One may] change
מפנה mpnh: turn, turning, change
מפנין mpnyn
מפנה mpnh: turn, turning, change
[One may] turn

even
אפלו ˀplw: even, even if, even though
אפלו ˀplw
אפלו ˀplw: even, even if, even though
even

four
ערובא ˁrwbˀ: mixed crowd, rabble, common people
ארבע ˀrbˁ
ארבע ˀrbˁ: four
four

or five
חמש ḥmš: five
וחמש wḥmš
חמש ḥmš: five
or five

gatherings
קפא qpˀ: collect, gather
קפות qpwt
קפה qph: heap, pile, basket
piles

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

pretenders
תבען tbˁn: clamorer, pretender
תבן tbn
תבן tbn: straw, stubble
straw

or of
של šl: of, belonging to
ושל wšl
של šl: of, belonging to
or of

[people for] impressions [??]
טביעו ṭbyˁw: immersion, impression
תבואה tbwˀh
תבואה tbwˀh: produce, yield
produce

because of
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because of

[them wishing to] leave [the war zone],
ארח ˀrḥ: travel, depart, leave
האורחים hˀwrḥym
ארח ˀrḥ: traveller, guest
guests,

or because
מפני mpny: because of
ומפני wmpny
מפני mpny: because of
or because

of the cessation
בטול bṭwl: ending, cessation
בטול bṭwl
בטול bṭwl: ending, cessation
of the cessation

of [all] structures
ביתא bytˀ: structure
בית byt
בית byt: house
of the house

of ordinary [life in war],
מ־ m-: of; דרישא dryšˀ: commonplace, usual, ordinary
המדרש hmdrš
מ־ m-: of; דרש drš: study
of study [on Sabbath],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

[out of]
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

pressure.
עצר ˁṣr: press, pressure
האוצר hˀwṣr
אוצר ˀwṣr: storehouse, treasury, granary
[in] a granary.

Shabbat 18:1.a

One may reassign the roles of agents who are already suspected.

Shabbat 18:1.b

Encrypted: One may change to someone else a deception that is already evident, and suspected spies, and informants who were secret where has already been removed the deception, and informants in disguise and watchers that have already been broken, and also informants who have been exposed, because they have all already been revealed to the oppressed.

Official: One may change a gift-offering that is clean, and suspected produce, and the tithe first where has already been removed the gift-offering, and the tithe second and consecrated produce that has already been redeemed, and also lupine that has been dried, because it is only food for sheep.

[One may] change [to someone else]
מפנה mpnh: turn, turning, change
מפנין mpnyn
מפנה mpnh: turn, turning, change
[One may] change

a deception
תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
תרומה trwmh
תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
a gift-offering

that is [already] evident,
ת־ t-: of; חור ḥwr: clear, evident, perforate, transparent
טהורה ṭhwrh
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
that is clean,

and suspected [spies],
דמאי dmˀy: suspicion, fruits suspected untithed
ודמאי wdmˀy
דמאי dmˀy: suspicion, fruits suspected untithed
and suspected produce,

and informants
מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
ומעשר wmˁšr
מעשר mˁšr: tithe
and the tithe

[who were?] secret
רזניו rznyw: secrecy, secret
ראשון rˀšwn
ראשון rˀšwn: first
first

where has [already] been removed
ש־ š-: that; נטל nṭl: move, remove
שנטלה šnṭlh
ש־ š-: that; נטל nṭl: move, remove
where has [already] been removed

the deception,
תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
תרומתו trwmtw
תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
the gift-offering,

and informants
מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
ומעשר wmˁšr
מעשר mˁšr: tithe
and the tithe

in disguise
שני šny: disguise
שני šny
שני šny: two, second
second

and watchers [??]
שקד šqd: watch
והקדש whqdš
קדש qdš: holy, consecrated
and consecrated [produce]

that have [already] been broken,
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פדע pdˁ: break, split
שנפדו šnpdw
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פדי pdy: redeem
that has [already] been redeemed,

and also informants
ת־ t-: of; רמז rmz: signaler, informer
והתרמוס whtrmws
תורמוס twrmws: thermos, lupine
and also lupine [??]

who have been exposed,
בוש / יבוש bwš / ybwš: exposed
היבש hybš
יבש ybš: dry; יבוש ybwš: drying
that has been dried,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

they
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
it [is]

have [all already] been revealed
מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal, uncover
מאכל mˀkl
מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat
[only] food

to the oppressed.
ל־ l-: to; עני ˁny: poor person, oppressed, humble
לעניים lˁnyym
ל־ l-: for; ען ˁn: small cattle, sheep
for sheep.

Shabbat 18:1.b

One may not reassign the roles of unsuspected agents or nobles.

Shabbat 18:1.c

Encrypted: But not informants still immersed in a role, and not informants who are secret where has not yet been removed the deception, and not informants in disguise and watchers that have not yet been broken, and of course not princes, and not exalted noblemen.

Official: But not produce still immersed in the tithing, and not the tithe first where has not yet been removed the gift-offering, and not the tithe second and consecrated produce that has not yet been redeemed, and not arum, and not mustard.

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[informants still] immersed [in a role?],
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
הטבל hṭbl
טבל ṭbl: dip, immerse
[produce still] immersed [in the tithing?],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

informants
מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
מעשר mˁšr
מעשר mˁšr: tithe
the tithe

who are secret
רזניו rznyw: secrecy, secret
ראשון rˀšwn
ראשון rˀšwn: first
first

where [has] not [yet]
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
where [has] not [yet]

been removed
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטלה nṭlh
נטל nṭl: move, remove
been removed

the deception,
תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
תרומתו trwmtw
תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
the gift-offering,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

informants
מסור mswr: informer, traitor; מסר msr: inform against
מעשר mˁšr
מעשר mˁšr: tithe
the tithe

in disguise
שני šny: disguise
שני šny
שני šny: two, second
second

and watchers [??]
שקד šqd: watch
והקדש whqdš
קדש qdš: holy, consecrated
and consecrated [produce]

that [have] not [yet]
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
that [has] not [yet]

been broken,
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פדע pdˁ: break, split
נפדו npdw
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; פדי pdy: redeem
been redeemed,

and [of course] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

princes [?],
אלוף ˀlwp: master, chief, prince
הלוף hlwp
לוף lwp: arum
arum [???],

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

exalted noblemen [?].
חר ḥr: nobleman; דלי dly: exalted
החרדל hḥrdl
חרדל ḥrdl: mustard
mustard.

Shabbat 18:1.c

Even roles of nobles may be reassigned if it’s just a show for the public.

Shabbat 18:1.d

Encrypted: Lord Simeon ben Gamliel permits it even with a prince because his role is only a show for the crowds anyway.

Official: Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel permits it even with arum because it is only food for ravens.

Lord
רבן rbn: lord
רבן rbn
רבן rbn: rabban
Rabban

Simeon ben Gamliel
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl
שמעון בן גמליאל šmˁwn bn gmlyˀl: Simeon ben Gamliel
Simeon ben Gamliel

permits [it even]
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it even]

with a prince [?]
ב־ b-: with; אלוף ˀlwp: master, chief, prince
בלוף blwp
ב־ b-: with; לוף lwp: arum
with arum

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

his [role?]
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
it [is]

is [only] a show
מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal, show, present
מאכל mˀkl
מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat
[only] food

[for] the crowds [anyway?].
ערוב ˁrwb: mixed crowd
עורבין ˁwrbyn
עורב ˁwrb: raven
[for] ravens [???].

Shabbat 18:1.d

Destroying one’s troops & agents in war

Actual fighting troops may be destroyed if it’s for showing to the public.

Shabbat 18:2.a

Encrypted: As for destroying hardened troops or destroying fighters or destroying armored troops, if this is arranged just for being presented to the human cattle, one may remove them in war.

Official: As for binding straw or binding wood or binding trimmed shoots, if it was prepared for being food for cattle, one may move it on Sabbath.

[As for] destroying [???]
חבל ḥbl: damage, injure, destroy, kill
חבילי ḥbyly
חבל ḥbl: bind, rope
[As for] binding

hardened [troops??]
קשי qšy: hard, harsh, severe
קש qš
קש qš: straw, stubble
straw

or destroying [???]
חבל ḥbl: damage, injure, destroy, kill
וחבילי wḥbyly
חבל ḥbl: bind, rope
or binding

fighters [??]
עצי ˁṣy: force, fight against
עצים ˁṣym
עץ ˁṣ: wood, tree; עצי ˁṣy: wooden
wood

or destroying [???]
חבל ḥbl: damage, injure, destroy, kill
וחבילי wḥbyly
חבל ḥbl: bind, rope
or binding

armored [troops?],
זרדא zrdˀ: coat of mail, armor; זרד zrd: force
זרדים zrdym
זרד zrd: grow shoots, trim shoots
trimmed shoots [???],

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

[this] is arranged
תקן tqn: prepared, arranged
התקינן htqynn
תקן tqn: prepared, arranged
[it] was prepared

[just] for being presented
ל־ l-: for; מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal, show, present
למאכל lmˀkl
ל־ l-: for; מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat, food
for [being] food

[to] the [human] cattle,
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
[for] cattle,

[one may] remove
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove, handle
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove, handle
[one may] move

them [in war].
אות ˀwt: this one, the same
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: this one, the same
it [on Sabbath].

Shabbat 18:2.a

Shabbat 18:2.b

Encrypted: If it was not arranged like that, one may not remove them in war.

Official: If it was not prepared like that, one may not move it on Sabbath.

If
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

it was not [arranged like that],
לאו lˀw: it is not
לאו lˀw
לאו lˀw: it is not
it was not [prepared like that],

[one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not

remove
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove, handle
מטלטלין mṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove, handle
move

them [in war].
אות ˀwt: this one, the same
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: this one, the same
it [on Sabbath].

Shabbat 18:2.b

One may destroy unfavored agents by revealing them to the war-crazed masses.

Shabbat 18:2.c

Encrypted: One may overturn an agent in the middle of rioters, in order to make others go up or down in rank.

Official: One may overturn a basket before chicks in order to help them go up or down.

[One may] overturn
כפי kpy: force, overturn
כופין kwpyn
כפי kpy: invert, turn upside down
[One may] overturn

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

an agent [?]
שלש šlš: leader, officer; שליש šlyš: agent
הסל hsl
סל sl: basket
a basket

in the middle
לפני lpny: in the middle
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

of rioters [?],
פרעה prˁh: disorder, disturbance, riot
האפרוחים hˀprwḥym
אפרוח ˀprwḥ: young bird, chicken, fledgling
chicks

in order to
כדי kdy: in order to
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: in order to
in order to

[make others?] go up
ש־ š-: that; עלי ˁly: go up, ascend
שיעלו šyˁlw
ש־ š-: that; עלי ˁly: go up, ascend
[help them] go up

or down [in rank?].
ירד yrd: go down, descend
וירדו wyrdw
ירד yrd: go down, descend
or down.

Shabbat 18:2.c

Shabbat 18:2.d

Encrypted: As for a spy that has deserted, one may push him until he enters the fold again.

Official: As for a chicken that has fled, one may push it until it enters the fold again.

[As for] a spy
תרגן trgn: spy out, explore; ת־ t-: of; רגל rgl: spy
תרנגלת trnglt
תרנגול trngwl: cock, hen
[As for] a chicken

that has deserted,
ש־ š-: that; בריחה bryḥh: flight, desertion
שברחה šbrḥh
ש־ š-: that; ברח brḥ: flee
that has fled,

[one may] push
דחי dḥy: thrust, push, knock down
דוחין dwḥyn
דחי dḥy: thrust, push, knock down
[one may] push

him
אות ˀwt: this one, the same
אותה ˀwth
אות ˀwt: this one, the same
it

until
עד ˁd: until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: until
until

[he] enters [the fold again].
ש־ š-: that; כנס kns: enter
שתכנס štkns
ש־ š-: that; כנס kns: enter
[it] enters [the fold again].

Shabbat 18:2.d

Shabbat 18:2.e

Encrypted: One may move someone to be revealed or someone to be wiped off into the domain public.

Official: One may make to walk a newborn calf or foal in the domain public.

[One may] move
מ־ m-: of; דדי ddy: pull, move about
מדדין mddyn
מ־ m-: of; דדי ddy: walk, hop
[One may make] to walk

[someone] to be revealed [??]
גלא glˀ: uncover, reveal, banish
עגלין ˁglyn
עגל ˁgl: calf, heifer
a [newborn] calf

or [someone] to be wiped off [??]
סוח swḥ: break forth; סחה sḥh: scrape off, wipe off
וסיחין wsyḥyn
סיח syḥ: foal
or foal

into the domain
ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
ברשות bršwt
ב־ b-: in; רשות ršwt: territory, domain
in the domain

public.
רבים rbym: many people, public
הרבים hrbym
רבים rbym: many people, public
public.

Shabbat 18:2.e

Teaching aristocrat children to defraud subjects

An aristocrat child may get special tutoring when learning deception in war.

Shabbat 18:2.f

Encrypted: A nobleman may also teach how to cause trouble to his son. Says lord Yehudah: When is that so? At the time that he can move about in public as one person by himself and lead as one person by himself.

Official: A woman may also teach how to walk to her infant son. Says rabbi Yehudah: When is that so? At the time that he can move at least one foot by himself and puts down at least one foot by himself

A nobleman
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
אשה ˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
A woman

[may also teach how] to cause trouble
מ־ m-: of; דוד dwd: confusion, cause trouble
מדדה mddh
מ־ m-: of; דדי ddy: walk, hop
[may also teach how] to walk

to
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
to

[his] son.
בן bn: son, child
בנה bnh
בן bn: son, child
[her infant] son.

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Yehudah:
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah:

When [is that so]?
אימת ˀymt: when
אימתי ˀymty
אימת ˀymt: when
When [is that so]?

At the time
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
בזמן bzmn
ב־ b-: in; זמן zmn: time
At the time

that he
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
that he

[can] move [about in public]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[can] move

[as] one [person by himself]
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
[at least?] one [foot by himself?]

and lead
מ־ m-: of; נחה nḥh: lead, guide
ומניח wmnyḥ
מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: rest, put down
and puts down

[as] one [person by himself].
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
[at least?] one [foot by himself?]

Shabbat 18:2.f

Shabbat 18:2.g

Encrypted: But if it is that he still must be pulled and led by others, it is forbidden.

Official: But if it is that he still drags both feet, it is forbidden.

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

[it] is [that]
היה hyh: be
היה hyh
היה hyh: be
[it] is [that]

[he still must] be pulled [and led by others?],
גרר grr: drag, pull
גורר gwrr
גרר grr: drag, pull
[he still] drags [both feet?],

[it] is forbidden.
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסור ˀswr
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
[it] is forbidden.

Shabbat 18:2.g

Shabbat 18:3.a

Encrypted: One may not assist him in feigning to be human cattle in times pleasant & peaceful, but one may assist him in feigning to be someone else in war.

Official: One may not assist in giving birth to an animal on a day joyful of a festival, but one may assist in giving birth to a woman on Sabbath.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

[assist him in] feigning
מ־ m-: of; עלדויא ˁldwyˀ: feign, pretend, deceive
מילדין myldyn
מ־ m-: of; ילד yld: child, birth
[assist in] giving birth

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
to

[to be human] cattle
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
הבהמה hbhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
an animal

in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on a day

pleasant [& peaceful],
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may] assist [him] in
מ־ m-: of; סעד sˁd: help, support, assist
מסעדין msˁdyn
מ־ m-: of; סעד sˁd: help, support, assist
[one may] assist in

feigning
מ־ m-: of; עלדויא ˁldwyˀ: feign, pretend, deceive
ומילדין wmyldyn
מ־ m-: of; ילד yld: child, birth
giving birth

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
to

[to be] someone [else?]
איש ˀyš: man, anyone
האשה hˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
a woman

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 18:3.a

Shabbat 18:3.b

Encrypted: And one may call for him a teacher to go with him from place to place, and one may even desecrate for him the laws of war.

Official: And one may call for her a wise woman to go with her from place to place, and one may even desecrate for her the laws of Sabbath.

And [one may] call
קרי qry: call
וקורין wqwryn
קרי qry: call
And [one may] call

for him
ל־ l-: for; ־ה -h: her
לה lh
ל־ l-: for; ־ה -h: her
for her

a teacher
חכם ḥkm: shrewd, learned, teach
חכמה ḥkmh
חכם ḥkm: wise
a wise [woman]

[to go with him] from place
מ־ m-: from; מקום mqwm: place
ממקום mmqwm
מ־ m-: from; מקום mqwm: place
[to go with her] from place

to place,
ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
למקום lmqwm
ל־ l-: to; מקום mqwm: place
to place,

and [one may even] desecrate
מ־ m-: of; חלל ḥll: desecrate, profane, violated
ומחללין wmḥllyn
מ־ m-: of; חלל ḥll: desecrate, profane
and [one may even] desecrate

[for?] him
על ˁl: on, against; ־ה -h: her
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: on, against; ־ה -h: her
[for?] her

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the [laws of] war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
the [laws of] Sabbath.

Shabbat 18:3.b

An aristocrat child may get special bodyguards when learning deception in war.

Shabbat 18:3.c

Encrypted: And one may tie to him a battalion during training. Lord Yose says: Although they need to be cut off from regular troops.

Official: And one may tie the umbilical cord. Rabbi Yose says: One may even cut it off.

And [one may] tie [to him]
קשר qšr: bind, tie
וקושרין wqwšryn
קשר qšr: bind, tie
And [one may] tie

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a battalion [during training].
טבור ṭbwr: battalion, column, troop
הטבור hṭbwr
טיבור ṭybwr: umbilical cord, navel
the umbilical cord.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yose
יוסי ywsy: Yose
יוסי ywsy
יוסי ywsy: Yose
Yose

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

Although [they need to be?]
אף ˀp: also, although
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even
[One may] even

cut off [from regular troops?].
חתך ḥtk: cut, cut off, sever
חותכין ḥwtkyn
חתך ḥtk: cut, cut off, sever
cut [it] off.

Shabbat 18:3.c

Shabbat 18:3.d

Encrypted: And all the requirements of an introduction to the organized fraud may be performed in war.

Official: And all the requirements of circumcision may be performed on Sabbath.

And all
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
And all

the requirements
צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
צרכי ṣrky
צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
the requirements

of an introduction [to the organized fraud]
מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
מילה mylh
מילה mylh: circumcision
of circumcision

[may] be performed
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, perform
עושין ˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act, perform
[may] be performed

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 18:3.d

If an aristocrat child has no disguise whan war starts, it must be created.

Shabbat 19:1.a

Encrypted: Lord Eliezer says: If one did not introduce an outfit for one’s child at the eve of war, one must introduce one in the war and expose him like that. And in times of danger, one must cloth him in it in the presence of common-birth witnesses.

Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: If one did not bring a tool for circumcision at the eve of Sabbath, one must bring it on the Sabbath in the open. And in times of danger, one must cover it in the presence of witnesses.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

If
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

[one did] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one did] not

introduce
בוא bwˀ: enter, be introduced
הביא hbyˀ
בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
bring

an outfit [for one’s child?]
כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
כלי kly
כלי kly: tool, object
a tool [for circumcision]

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[one must] introduce [one]
בוא bwˀ: enter, be introduced
מביאו mbyˀw
מ־ m-: of; בוא bwˀ: bring, bring in
[one must] bring [it]

in the war
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on the Sabbath

[and] expose [him like that].
מ־ m-: of; גלי gly: show, appear, expose
מגלה mglh
מ־ m-: of; גלי gly: uncover, reveal
[in] the open.

And in [times of] danger,
ב־ b-: in; סכן skn: danger
ובסכנה wbsknh
ב־ b-: in; סכן skn: danger
And in [times of] danger,

[one must] cloth [him in it]
מ־ m-: of; כסה ksh: hide, conceal, clothed
מכסהו mkshw
מ־ m-: of; כסה ksh: cover
[one must] cover [it]

[in]
על ˁl: on, against
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, against
[in]

the presence
אפא ˀpˀ: face, presence, front
פי py
אפא ˀpˀ: face, presence, front
the presence

of [common-birth?] witnesses.
עד ˁd: witness, testimony; ־ים -ym: (plural)
עדים ˁdym
עד ˁd: witness, testimony; ־ים -ym: (plural)
of witnesses.

Shabbat 19:1.a

One may destroy commoners in war to create a disguise for one’s child.

Shabbat 19:1.b

Encrypted: In addition says lord Eliezer: One may even exterminate oppressed people to make a new likeness for one’s child and to make tools to twist his identity.

Official: In addition says rabbi Eliezer: One may even cut down trees to make coal for oneself and to make tools of iron.

In addition
עוד ˁwd: still, additionally
ועוד wˁwd
עוד ˁwd: still, additionally
In addition

says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Eliezer:
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer:

[One may even] exterminate
כרת krt: destroy, exterminate
כורתין kwrtyn
כרת krt: cut down, cut off
[One may even] cut down

oppressed [people?]
עצי ˁṣy: oppress, force; ־ים -ym: (plural)
עצים ˁṣym
עץ ˁṣ: tree; ־ים -ym: (plural)
trees

to make
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
to make

a [new] likeness [for one’s child?]
פחם pḥm: like, comparison, copy
פחמין pḥmyn
פחם pḥm: coal
coal [for oneself]

and to make
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
ולעשות wlˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
and to make

tools
כלי kly: tool, object
כלי kly
כלי kly: tool, object
tools

to twist [his identity?].
פרזל przl: turn, twist one’s self
ברזל brzl
ברזל brzl: iron; פרזל przl: iron
of iron.

Shabbat 19:1.b

Shabbat 19:1.c

Encrypted: Generally, says lord Akiva, all tasks for which there is a compromise to perform them in time at the eve of war, they do not supersede the laws of war.

Official: Generally, says rabbi Akiva, all tasks for which there is a compromise to perform them in time at the eve of Sabbath, they do not supersede the laws of Sabbath.

Generally,
כלל kll: all, general
כלל kll
כלל kll: all, general
Generally,

says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Akiva,
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
עקיבא ˁqybˀ
עקיבא ˁqybˀ: Akiva
Akiva,

all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all

tasks
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task, business
מלאכה mlˀkh
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, task, business
tasks

for which [there is] a compromise
ש־ š-: that; פשר pšr: loosen, compromised
שאפשר šˀpšr
ש־ š-: that; פשר pšr: loosen, compromised
for which [there is] a compromise

to perform [them in time]
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשותה lˁšwth
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
to perform [them in time]

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[they do] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינה ˀynh
אין ˀyn: no, not
[they do] not

supersede
דחה dḥh: suspended, supersede
דוחה dwḥh
דחה dḥh: suspended, supersede
supersede

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the [laws of] war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
the [laws of] Sabbath.

Shabbat 19:1.c

Shabbat 19:1.d

Encrypted: For those where there is no compromise to perform them in time at the eve of war, they may supersede the laws of war.

Official: For those where there is no compromise to perform them in time at the eve of Sabbath, they may supersede the laws of Sabbath.

[For those] where [there is] no
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
ושאי wšˀy
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
[For those] where [there is] no

compromise
פשר pšr: loosen, compromised
אפשר ˀpšr
פשר pšr: loosen, compromised
compromise

to perform [them in time]
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשותה lˁšwth
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
to perform [them in time]

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[they may] supersede
דחה dḥh: suspended, supersede
דוחה dwḥh
דחה dḥh: suspended, supersede
[they may] supersede

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the [laws of] war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
the [laws of] Sabbath.

Shabbat 19:1.d

One may perform the entire introduction to organized fraud in war.

Shabbat 19:2.a

Encrypted: One may perform all the requirements of an introduction to the organized fraud in war: One may perform the introduction itself, expose to the initiate how it works, invent a decoration, and then place on the initiate this plaster and cover.

Official: One may perform all the requirements of circumcision on Sabbath: One may perform the circumcision itself, uncover the foreskin, squeeze out the blood, and then place on the wound a bandage and cumin.

[One may] perform
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עושין ˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[One may] perform

all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all

the requirements
צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
צרכי ṣrky
צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
the requirements

of an introduction [to the organized fraud]
מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
מילה mylh
מילה mylh: circumcision
of circumcision

in war:
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath:

[One may perform] the introduction [itself],
מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
מוהלין mwhlyn
מהל mhl: circumcise
[One may perform] the circumcision [itself],

expose [to the initiate how it works],
פרע prˁ: uncover, exposed
ופורעין wpwrˁyn
פרע prˁ: uncover, exposed
uncover [the foreskin],

[invent] a decoration,
מצעצע mṣˁṣˁ: ornamented; מ־ m-: of; צעצוע ṣˁṣwˁ: decoration
ומוצצין wmwṣṣyn
מצץ mṣṣ: suck, squeeze out
squeeze out [the blood],

and then place
נתן ntn: put, place
ונותנין wnwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
and then place

on [the initiate]
על ˁl: on
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: on
on [the wound]

[this] plaster
אספלנית ˀsplnyt: splenion, plaster
אספלנית ˀsplnyt
אספלנית ˀsplnyt: splenion, plaster
a bandage

and cover.
כמן kmn: hide, cover
וכמון wkmwn
כמון kmwn: cumin
and cumin [??].

Shabbat 19:2.a

Shabbat 19:2.b

Encrypted: If one did not prepare the mockery at the eve of war, one may have him do mockery with a good disguise, and place it on him.

Official: If one did not grind the cumin at the eve of Sabbath, one may chew it with the teeth and place it on the wound.

If
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

[one did] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one did] not

[prepare?] the mockery
שחק šḥq: jest, play, mock
שחק šḥq
שחק šḥq: grind, press down
grind [the cumin??]

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[one may have him do??] mockery
ליץ lyṣ: scorn, scoff, mock
לועס lwˁs
לעס lˁs: chew
[one may] chew [it]

with a [good] disguise,
ב־ b-: with; שני šny: disguise
בשניו bšnyw
ב־ b-: with; שן šn: tooth
with the teeth

and place [it on him].
נתן ntn: put, place
ונותן wnwtn
נתן ntn: put, place
and place [it on the wound].

Shabbat 19:2.b

Shabbat 19:2.c

Encrypted: If one did not mix in the secret watchers with the servants at the eve of war, one may just individually place this one by himself and that one by himself.

Official: If one did not mix the wine with the oil at the eve of Sabbath, one may just place this one by itself and that one by itself.

If
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

[one did] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one did] not

mix in
טרף ṭrp: mix, confuse
טרף ṭrp
טרף ṭrp: mix, confuse
mix

the [secret] watchers
עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard
יין yyn
יין yyn: wine
the wine

[with] the servants [?]
שמע šmˁ: servant; ־ין -yn: (plural)
ושמן wšmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
[with] the oil

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[one may just individually] place
נתן ntn: put, place
ינתן yntn
נתן ntn: put, place
[one may just] place

this one
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
this one

by himself
ב־ b-: in, as; עצם ˁṣm: self
בעצמו bˁṣmw
ב־ b-: in, as; עצם ˁṣm: self
by itself

and that one
זה zh: this
וזה wzh
זה zh: this
and that one

by himself.
ב־ b-: in, as; עצם ˁṣm: self
בעצמו bˁṣmw
ב־ b-: in, as; עצם ˁṣm: self
by itself.

Shabbat 19:2.c

In war, one may not create the usual full act for an initiate.

Shabbat 19:2.d

Encrypted: One may not make for him a complete act as normally in the beginning, but one may wrap over him some cloaking.

Official: One may not make for the circumcised skin a partition as normally in the beginning, but one may wrap over it a rag.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

make
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עושין ˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
make

for [him]
ל־ l-: for; ־ה -h: her, it
לה lh
ל־ l-: for; ־ה -h: her, it
for [the circumcised skin?]

a [complete] act [??]
הלך hlk: behave, act
חלוק ḥlwq
חלק ḥlq: part, portion
a partition

as [normally] in the beginning,
ל־ l-: as in; כ־ k-: as; תחל tḥl: begin
לכתחלה lktḥlh
ל־ l-: as in; כ־ k-: as; תחל tḥl: begin
as [normally] in the beginning,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may] wrap
כרך krk: wrap, surround
כורך kwrk
כרך krk: wrap, surround
[one may] wrap

over [him]
על ˁl: on, over
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: on, over
over [it]

[some] cloaking.
ש־ š-: that; מרטוט mrṭwṭ: cloak
סמרטוט smrṭwṭ
סמרטוט smrṭwṭ: rag, lint
a rag.

Shabbat 19:2.d

Shabbat 19:2.e

Encrypted: If one did not prepare it at the eve of war, one may bind it over his form and bring him out like that, even from a property another.

Official: If one did not prepare it at the eve of Sabbath, one may bind it over one’s finger and bring it like that, even from a courtyard another.

If
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

[one did] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one did] not

prepare [it]
תקן tqn: prepare, arrange
התקין htqyn
תקן tqn: prepare, arrange
prepare [it]

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[one may] bind [it]
כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
כורך kwrk
כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
[one may] bind [it]

over
על ˁl: on, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, over
over

[his] form
עצב ˁṣb: form, shape
אצבעו ˀṣbˁw
אצבע ˀṣbˁ: finger
[one’s] finger

and bring [him out like that],
מ־ m-: of; בוא bwˀ: bring
ומביא wmbyˀ
מ־ m-: of; בוא bwˀ: bring
and bring [it like that],

even
אפלו ˀplw: even
ואפלו wˀplw
אפלו ˀplw: even
even

from a property
מ־ m-: from; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
מחצר mḥṣr
מ־ m-: from; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
from a courtyard

another.
אחר ˀḥr: other, another
אחרת ˀḥrt
אחר ˀḥr: other, another
another.

Shabbat 19:2.e

One may entrust an initiate even before initiation, and have assistants help him.

Shabbat 19:3.a

Encrypted: One may entrust a young initiate, whether before the formal introduction to organized fraud or after the introduction, and one may put adornment over the initiate with the entrusted helpers, but not with unknowing human tools.

Official: One may wash a young child, whether before circumcision or after circumcision, and one may sprinkle water over him with the hand, but not with a vessel.

[One may] entrust
מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: rely, trust, safe
מרחיצין mrḥyṣyn
מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
[One may] wash

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a young [initiate],
קטן qṭn: young, small
הקטן hqṭn
קטן qṭn: young, small
a young [child],

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

the [formal] introduction [to organized fraud]
מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
המילה hmylh
מילה mylh: circumcision
circumcision

or
בין byn: whether
ובין wbyn
בין byn: whether
or

after
לאחרי lˀḥry: behind
לאחר lˀḥr
לאחרי lˀḥry: behind
after

the introduction,
מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
המילה hmylh
מילה mylh: circumcision
circumcision,

and [one may put] adornment
מ־ m-: of; זלף zlp: adorn, adorn oneself
ומזלפין wmzlpyn
מ־ m-: of; זלף zlp: pour, sprinkle
and [one may] sprinkle [water]

over [the initiate]
על ˁl: on, over
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, over
over [him]

with [the entrusted?] helpers,
ב־ b-: with; אידא ˀydˀ: hand, help, aid
ביד byd
ב־ b-: with; יד yd: hand
with the hand,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with [unknowing human?] tools.
ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
בכלי bkly
ב־ b-: with; כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
with a vessel.

Shabbat 19:3.a

Shabbat 19:3.b

Encrypted: Lord Eleazar ben Azariah says: It must be safe, the common populace among the people for the agents, even if duty falls on a time to be in war,

Official: Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah says: One may wash a young child on the day third even if it falls on a time to be on a Sabbath,

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh
אלעזר בן עזריה ˀlˁzr bn ˁzryh: Eleazar ben Azariah
Eleazar ben Azariah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[It must] be safe,
מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: trust, safe
מרחיצין mrḥyṣyn
מ־ m-: of; רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
[One may] wash

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the common populace
קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
הקטן hqṭn
קטן qṭn: young, small
a young [child]

among the people
ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on the day

[for] the agents,
שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
השלישי hšlyšy
שלש šlš: three
third

[even if duty] falls on [a time]
ש־ š-: that; חול ḥwl: fall, occur
שחל šḥl
ש־ š-: that; חול ḥwl: fall, occur
[even if it] falls on [a time]

to be
ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
להיות lhywt
ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
to be

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on a Sabbath,

Shabbat 19:3.b

Shabbat 19:3.c

Encrypted: for of that it is said: (Genesis 34:25) “And were among the people the agents even when they were suffering.”

Official: for of that it is said: (Genesis 34:25) “And it was on the day third when they were in pains.”

[for] of that it is said:
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
שנאמר šnˀmr
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; אמר ˀmr: say
[for] of that it is said:

(Genesis
בראשית brˀšyt: Genesis
(בראשית brˀšyt
בראשית brˀšyt: Genesis
(Genesis

34:25)
לד ld: 34
לד) ld
לד ld: 34
34:25)

“And were
יהי yhy: be
ויהי wyhy
יהי yhy: be
“And [it] was

among the people
ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on the day

the agents
שלש šlš: officer, leader; שליש šlyš: agent
השלישי hšlyšy
שלש šlš: three
third

[even] when they were
ב־ b-: in; היה hyh: be; ־ם -m: them
בהיותם bhywtm
ב־ b-: in; היה hyh: be; ־ם -m: them
when they were

suffering [?].”
כאב kˀb: pain, wound, sufferer
כאבים kˀbym
כאב kˀb: pain, wound, sufferer
[in] pains.”

Shabbat 19:3.c

If a child is not an aristocrat, one may not violate the laws of war for him.

Shabbat 19:3.d

Encrypted: If there is doubt whether a person is really an aristocrat, one may not violate for him the laws of war. But lord Yehudah permits it even with one doubted to be an aristocrat.

Official: If there is doubt whether an infant is androgynous, one may not desecrate for him the laws of Sabbath. But rabbi Yehudah permits it even with one doubted to be androgynous.

[If there is] doubt
ספק spq: doubt
ספק spq
ספק spq: doubt
[If there is] doubt

[whether a person is really] an aristocrat,
אנדרו־ ˀndrw-: andro-, man; גנסא gnsˀ: genus, genealogy, noble, aristocratic
ואנדרוגינוס wˀndrwgynws
אנדרוגינוס ˀndrwgynws: androgynos, man-woman
[whether an infant is] androgynous,

[one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not

violate
מ־ m-: of; חלל ḥll: desecrate, profane, violate
מחללין mḥllyn
מ־ m-: of; חלל ḥll: desecrate, profane, violate
desecrate

for him
על ˁl: on, for
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, for
for him

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the [laws of] war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
the [laws of] Sabbath.

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

permits [it]
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it]

[even] with [one doubted to be] an aristocrat.
אנדרו־ ˀndrw-: andro-, man; גנסא gnsˀ: genus, genealogy, noble, aristocratic
באנדרוגינוס bˀndrwgynws
ב־ b-: with; אנדרוגינוס ˀndrwgynws: androgynos, man-woman
[even] with [one doubted to be] androgynous.

Shabbat 19:3.d

Disguises for war may not be used in peace and vice versa.

Shabbat 19:4.a

Encrypted: If someone is having to him two dress-ups, one to be in sight after the war and one to be in sight in the war, and he forgets it and has in sight the one belonging to after the war in the war, he is guilty.

Official: If someone is having to him two infants, one to be circumcised after the Sabbath and one to be circumcised on the Sabbath, and he forgets it and circumcises the one belonging to after Sabbath on the Sabbath, he is guilty.

[If] someone
מי my: someone
מי my
מי my: someone
[If] someone

is [having]
ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
שהיו šhyw
ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
is [having]

to him
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to him

two
שתי šty: two
שתי šty
שתי šty: two
two

dress-ups,
תקון tqwn: dress, fancy garb
תינוקות tynwqwt
תינוק tynwq: infant; ת־ t-: of; יניק ynyq: child
infants,

one
אחד ˀḥd: one
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
one

to be in sight
ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
למול lmwl
ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: circumcise
to be circumcised

after
אחר ˀḥr: after
אחר ˀḥr
אחר ˀḥr: after
after

the war
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
the Sabbath

and one
אחד ˀḥd: one
ואחד wˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
and one

to be in sight
ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
למול lmwl
ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: circumcise
to be circumcised

in the war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on the Sabbath,

and he forgets [it]
שכח škḥ: forget
ושכח wškḥ
שכח škḥ: forget
and he forgets [it]

and has in sight
מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
ומל wml
מול mwl: circumcise
and circumcises

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[the one] belonging to
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
[the one] belonging to

after
אחר ˀḥr: after
אחר ˀḥr
אחר ˀḥr: after
after

the war
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
Sabbath

in the war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on the Sabbath,

he is guilty.
חיב ḥyb: guilty
חיב ḥyb
חיב ḥyb: guilty
he is guilty.

Shabbat 19:4.a

Shabbat 19:4.b

Encrypted: And if one is to be in sight on the eve of war and one is to be in sight in the war, and he forgets it and has in sight the one belonging to the eve of war in the war, lord Eliezer deems this guilty of a mistake, but lord Joshua excempts it.

Official: And if one is to be circumcised on the eve of Sabbath and one is to be circumcised on Sabbath, and he forgets it and circumcises the one belonging to the eve of Sabbath on the Sabbath, rabbi Eliezer deems him to be obligated for a sin-offering but rabbi Joshua excempts it.

[And if] one
אחד ˀḥd: one
אחד ˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
[And if] one

is to be in sight
ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
למול lmwl
ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: circumcise
is to be circumcised

on the eve
ב־ b-: on; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
בערב bˁrb
ב־ b-: on; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
on the eve

of war
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath

and one
אחד ˀḥd: one
ואחד wˀḥd
אחד ˀḥd: one
and one

is to be in sight
ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
למול lmwl
ל־ l-: to; מול mwl: circumcise
is to be circumcised

in the war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

and he forgets [it]
שכח škḥ: forget
ושכח wškḥ
שכח škḥ: forget
and he forgets [it]

and has in sight
מול mwl: front, in front of, in sight of
ומל wml
מול mwl: circumcise
and circumcises

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[the one] belonging to
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
[the one] belonging to

the eve
ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
ערב ˁrb
ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
the eve

of war
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath

in the war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on the Sabbath,

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

[deems this] guilty
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: guilty
מחיב mḥyb
מ־ m-: of; חיב ḥyb: bound, obliged
[deems him to] be obligated

of a mistake,
חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
חטאת ḥṭˀt
חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
for a sin-offering

but lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
but rabbi

Joshua
יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
יהושע yhwšˁ
יהושע yhwšˁ: Joshua
Joshua

excempts [it].
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
פוטר pwṭr
פטר pṭr: exempt, free
excempts [it].

Shabbat 19:4.b

An aristocrat child should be introduced to the big fraud at the age of 8 to 12.

Shabbat 19:5.a

Encrypted: A young initiate may be introduced to organized fraud in the eighth year, but sometimes in the ninth year, or in the tenth year, or in the eleventh year, or in the twelfth year, but no less and no more.

Official: A young child is circumcised at the eighth day, but sometimes on the ninth day, or on the tenth day, or on the eleventh day, or on the twelfth day, but no less and no more.

A young [initiate]
קטן qṭn: young, small
קטן qṭn
קטן qṭn: young, small
A young [child]

[may] be introduced [to organized fraud]
נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
נמול nmwl
נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
is circumcised

in the eighth [year?],
ל־ l-: to; שמנה šmnh: eight
לשמנה lšmnh
ל־ l-: to; שמנה šmnh: eight
at the eighth [day],

[but sometimes] in the ninth [year?],
ל־ l-: to; תשע tšˁ: nine
לתשעה ltšˁh
ל־ l-: to; תשע tšˁ: nine
[but sometimes] on the ninth [day],

or in the tenth [year?],
ל־ l-: to; עשר ˁšr: ten
ולעשרה wlˁšrh
ל־ l-: to; עשר ˁšr: ten
or on the tenth [day],

or in the eleventh [year?],
ל־ l-: to; אחד ˀḥd: one; עשר ˁšr: ten
ולאחד עשר wlˀḥd ˁšr
ל־ l-: to; אחד ˀḥd: one; עשר ˁšr: ten
or on the eleventh [day],

or in the twelfth [year?],
ל־ l-: to; שני šny: two; עשר ˁšr: ten
ולשנים עשר wlšnym ˁšr
ל־ l-: to; שני šny: two; עשר ˁšr: ten
or on the twelfth [day],

[but] no
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[but] no

less
פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
פחות pḥwt
פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
less

and no
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and no

more.
יתר ytr: more, additional
יותר ywtr
יתר ytr: more, additional
more.

Shabbat 19:5.a

Shabbat 19:5.b

Encrypted: This is how so? As for the usual manner, it is in the eighth year. If the child was born among servants, he may be introduced in the ninth year. If he was born among servants at the eve of war, he may be introduced in the tenth year.

Official: This is how so? As for the usual manner, it is on the eighth day. If the child was born during sunset, he may be circumcised on the ninth day. If he was born during the sunset of the eve of Sabbath, he may be circumcised on the tenth day.

This
הא hˀ: this, here, since
הא hˀ
הא hˀ: this, here, since
This

[is] how so?
כיצד kyṣd: how
כיצד kyṣd
כיצד kyṣd: how
[is] how so?

As [for the usual] manner,
כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
כדרכו kdrkw
כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
As [for the usual] manner,

[it is] in the eighth [year].
ל־ l-: to; שמנה šmnh: eight
לשמנה lšmnh
ל־ l-: to; שמנה šmnh: eight
[it is] on the eighth [day].

[If] the child was born
נ־ n-: make; ילד yld: bear, child
נולד nwld
נ־ n-: make; ילד yld: bear, child
[If] the child was born

among
ל־ l-: to; בין byn: among
לבין lbyn
ל־ l-: to; בין byn: between, during
during

servants,
שמש šmš: servant, attendant
השמשות hšmšwt
שמש šmš: sun
sun[set],

he [may] be introduced
נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
נמול nmwl
נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
he [may] be circumcised

in the ninth [year].
ל־ l-: to; תשע tšˁ: nine
לתשעה ltšˁh
ל־ l-: to; תשע tšˁ: nine
on the ninth [day].

[If he was born] among
בין byn: among
בין byn
בין byn: between, during
[If he was born] during

servants
שמש šmš: servant, attendant
השמשות hšmšwt
שמש šmš: sun
the sun[set]

at
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

the eve
ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
ערב ˁrb
ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

he [may] be introduced
נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
נמול nmwl
נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
he [may] be circumcised

in the tenth [year].
ל־ l-: to; עשר ˁšr: ten
לעשרה lˁšrh
ל־ l-: to; עשר ˁšr: ten
on the tenth [day].

Shabbat 19:5.b

Shabbat 19:5.c

Encrypted: In times that are pleasant & peaceful after the war, he may be introduced in the eleventh year. If there are two time periods pleasant & peaceful of a ruler in disguise, he may be introduced in the twelfth year.

Official: If there is a day joyful of a festival after the Sabbath, he may be circumcised on the eleventh day. If there are two days joyful of the festival of the beginning of the year, he may be circumcised on the twelfth day.

[In] times
יום ywm: day, time
יום ywm
יום ywm: day, time
[If there is] a day

[that are] pleasant [& peaceful]
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival]

after
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after
לאחר lˀḥr
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after
after

the war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
the Sabbath,

he [may] be introduced
נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
נמול nmwl
נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
he [may] be circumcised

in the eleventh [year].
ל־ l-: to; אחד ˀḥd: one; עשר ˁšr: ten
לאחד עשר lˀḥd ˁšr
ל־ l-: to; אחד ˀḥd: one; עשר ˁšr: ten
on the eleventh [day].

[If there are] two
שני šny: two
שני šny
שני šny: two
[If there are] two

time [periods?]
יום ywm: day, time
ימים ymym
יום ywm: day, time
days

pleasant [& peaceful]
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טובים ṭwbym
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of the festival]

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

a ruler [?]
ראש rˀš: chief, leader, ruler
ראש rˀš
ראש rˀš: beginning
the beginning

in disguise [?],
שנה šnh: disguise
השנה hšnh
שנה šnh: year
of the year,

he [may] be introduced
נ־ n-: make; מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
נמול nmwl
נ־ n-: make; מול mwl: circumcise
he [may] be circumcised

in the twelfth [year].
ל־ l-: to; שני šny: two; עשר ˁšr: ten
לשנים עשר lšnym ˁšr
ל־ l-: to; שני šny: two; עשר ˁšr: ten
on the twelfth [day].

Shabbat 19:5.c

An aristocrat child may not be initiated if he’s too emotionally weak.

Shabbat 19:5.d

Encrypted: If a young initiate is emotionally weak about fraud, one does not introduce him until he is emotionally firm.

Official: If a young child is sick, one does not circumcise him until he is healthy again.

[If] a young [initiate]
קטן qṭn: young, small
קטן qṭn
קטן qṭn: young, small
[If] a young [child]

is [emotionally] weak [about fraud],
חלה ḥlh: weak, sick
החולה hḥwlh
חלה ḥlh: weak, sick
is sick,

[one does] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one does] not

introduce
מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
מוהלין mwhlyn
מהל mhl: circumcise
circumcise

him
אות ˀwt: this one, the same
אותו ˀwtw
אות ˀwt: this one, the same
him

until
עד ˁd: while, until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: while, until
until

he is [emotionally] firm.
ש־ š-: make; ברי bry: sound, firm
שיבריא šybryˀ
ש־ š-: make; ברי bry: healthy
he is healthy [again].

Shabbat 19:5.d

Shabbat 19:6.a

Encrypted: These, they are the things to search for that prevent the introduction to organized fraud: The immaturity that makes one too innocent for exacting greater powers through fraud.

Official: These, they are the shreds of flesh that prevent the circumcision: The flesh that covers the greater corona of the membrum.

These,
אלו ˀlw: these
אלו ˀlw
אלו ˀlw: these
These,

they [are]
הן hn: they
הן hn
הן hn: they
they [are]

the [things] to search for
ציץ ṣyṣ: stand forth, look for, search
ציצין ṣyṣyn
ציץ ṣyṣ: thread-like shred, fringe
the shreds [of flesh??]

[that] prevent
מ־ m-: of; עכב ˁkb: hinder, prevent
המעכבין hmˁkbyn
מ־ m-: of; עכב ˁkb: hinder, prevent
[that] prevent

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the introduction [to organized fraud]:
מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
המילה hmylh
מילה mylh: circumcision
the circumcision:

The immaturity
בסרי bsry: unripe, immature
בשר bšr
בשר bšr: flesh
The flesh

[that makes one too] innocent
חף ḥp: pure, innocent
החופה hḥwph
חופה ḥwph: covering
[that] covers

for
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[exacting] greater
רב rb: great
רב rb
רב rb: great
the greater

powers [through fraud].
עתר ˁtr: make rich, made powerful, provide for oneself
העטרה hˁṭrh
עטרה ˁṭrh: protection, corona of the membrum virile
corona of the membrum.

Shabbat 19:6.a

If an aristocrat child is too immature to accept the big fraud, one must correct him.

Shabbat 19:6.b

Encrypted: If it is present, one may not reveal the ubiquitous deceit. And if it is that a child possesses this immaturity, one must correct it, because of the bad appearance of all the fraud to the innocent eye.

Official: If it is present, one may not eat of a gift-offering. And if it is that a child possesses this flesh, one must correct it, because of the bad appearance to the eye.

[If it is present, one may???] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואינו wˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[If it is present, one may???] not

reveal
גלא glˀ: reveal
אוכל ˀwkl
אכל ˀkl: eat
eat

the [ubiquitous] deceit.
ב־ b-: with; תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
בתרומה btrwmh
ב־ b-: with; תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
of a gift-offering.

And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if

[it] is
היה hyh: be
היה hyh
היה hyh: be
[it] is

[that a child] possesses
בעל bˁl: own, possess
בעל bˁl
בעל bˁl: own, possess
[that a child] possesses

this immaturity,
בסרי bsry: unripe, immature
בשר bšr
בשר bšr: flesh
this flesh,

[one must] correct [it],
מ־ m-: of; תקן tqn: correct, repair
מתקנו mtqnw
מ־ m-: of; תקן tqn: correct, repair
[one must] correct [it],

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

of the [bad] appearance [of all the fraud]
מ־ m-: of; ראי rˀy: sight, appearance
מראית mrˀyt
מ־ m-: of; ראי rˀy: sight, appearance
of the [bad] appearance

[to] the [innocent] eye.
עין ˁyn: eye, see
העין hˁyn
עין ˁyn: eye, see
[to] the eye.

Shabbat 19:6.b

Shabbat 19:6.c

Encrypted: If a child is introduced to organized fraud, but the real extent of it has not been uncovered by the introduction, it is like one has not been introduced.

Official: If a child is circumcised, but the cut has not uncovered the area of the circumcision, it is like one is not circumcised.

[If a child] is introduced [to organized fraud],
מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
מל ml
מול mwl: circumcise
[If a child] is circumcised,

but [the real extent of it has?] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
but [the cut has] not

been uncovered
פרע prˁ: uncover
פרע prˁ
פרע prˁ: uncover
uncovered

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[by] the introduction,
מעלה mˁlh: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
המילה hmylh
מילה mylh: circumcision
[the area] of the circumcision,

[it is] like
כ־ k-: as, like; אל ˀl: onto
כאלו kˀlw
כ־ k-: as, like; אל ˀl: onto
[it is] like

[one has] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one is] not

been introduced.
מעול mˁwl: entrance; מעולי mˁwly: introduction
מל ml
מול mwl: circumcise
circumcised.

Shabbat 19:6.c

Reassigning people in war

One may not reassign wartime agents in peace just like that.

Shabbat 20:1.a

Encrypted: Lord Eliezer says: One may assign a wartime observer in times pleasant & peaceful, and one may appoint anyone that was initially assigned in war.

Official: Rabbi Eliezer says: One may hang up a wine filter on a day joyful of a festival, and one may put wine to one that was hung up on Sabbath.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[One may] assign
תלי tly: attach, assign
תולין twlyn
תלי tly: suspend, hang
[One may] hang up

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a [wartime?] observer
מ־ m-: of; שמר šmr: watch, guard, observe
המשמרת hmšmrt
מ־ m-: of; שמר šmr: strain, filter
a [wine?] filter

in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on a day

pleasant [& peaceful],
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival],

and [one may] appoint
נתן ntn: appoint
ונותנין wnwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
and [one may] put [wine?]

[anyone that was initially] assigned
ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: assign, suspended, leave in doubt
לתלויה ltlwyh
ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: suspend, hang
to [one that was] hung up

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 20:1.a

Shabbat 20:1.b

Encrypted: But the advisors say: One may not assign a wartime observer in times pleasant & peaceful, and one may also not again appoint anyone that was initially assigned in war.

Official: But the advisors say: One may not hang up a wine filter on a day joyful of a festival, and one may also not put wine to one that was hung up on Sabbath.

But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

assign
תלי tly: attach, assign
תולין twlyn
תלי tly: suspend, hang
hang up

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a [wartime?] observer
מ־ m-: of; שמר šmr: watch, guard, observe
המשמרת hmšmrt
מ־ m-: of; שמר šmr: strain, filter
a [wine?] filter

in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on a day

pleasant [& peaceful],
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival],

and [one may also] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [one may also] not

[again?] appoint
נתן ntn: appoint
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
put [wine?]

[anyone that was initially] assigned
ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: assign, suspended, leave in doubt
לתלויה ltlwyh
ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: suspend, hang
to [one that was] hung up

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 20:1.b

Shabbat 20:1.c

Encrypted: But one may always appoint an observer that was initially assigned in times pleasant & peaceful.

Official: But one may always put wine to one that was already hung up before on a day joyful of a festival.

But
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But

[one may always] appoint [an observer]
נתן ntn: appoint
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
[one may always] put [wine?]

[that was initially] assigned
ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: assign, suspended, leave in doubt
לתלויה ltlwyh
ל־ l-: to; תלי tly: suspend, hang
to [one that was already] hung up [before]

in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on a day

pleasant [& peaceful].
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival].

Shabbat 20:1.c

One may mix new & old agents, and commoners & noblemen in units.

Shabbat 20:2.a

Encrypted: One may appoint new people into a gathering of observers for making it clean again. And one may newly gather watchmen with a rearrangement and with recruiting new slaves.

Official: One may put water on the cavity of a filter for making it clean again. And one may filter wine with a kerchief and with a basket from Egypt.

[One may] appoint
נתן ntn: appoint
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
[One may] put

[new] people
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water

into
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

a gathering
גבי gby: collect, chosen; גבב gbb: gather
גבי gby
גבי gby: pit; גובא gwbˀ: vat, wine press cavity
the cavity

of observers
שמר šmr: watch, guard, observe
השמרים hšmrym
שמר šmr: strain, filter
of a filter

for
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for

making [it] clean [again].
ש־ š-: make; צלל ṣll: sink, clear, cleanse, clarify
שיצלו šyṣlw
ש־ š-: make; צלל ṣll: sink, clear, cleanse, clarify
making [it] clean [again].

And [one may newly?] gather
מ־ m-: of; אסן ˀsn: gather, collect
ומסננין wmsnnyn
מ־ m-: of; סנן snn: filter, clear, refine
And [one may] filter

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

watchmen
עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard
היין hyyn
יין yyn: wine
wine

with a rearrangement
ב־ b-: with; סדר sdr: order, arrange
בסודרין bswdryn
ב־ b-: with; סודר swdr: scarf, kerchief
with a kerchief

and with recruiting [?]
ב־ b-: with; קפא qpˀ: recruit, hire
ובכפיפה wbkpyph
ב־ b-: with; כפפה kpph: basket; כוף kwp: basket
and with a basket

[new?] slaves [?].
מצר mṣr: slave; מרוצה mrwṣh: oppression
מצרית mṣryt
מצרי mṣry: Egypt
[from] Egypt [???].

Shabbat 20:2.a

Shabbat 20:2.b

Encrypted: And one may put people of the multitudes into a gathering of noblemen. And one may make watchmen units for mockery in war.

Official: And one may put an egg into a filter of mustard. And one may make wine with honey on Sabbath.

[And one may] put
נתן ntn: put, place
ונותנין wnwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
[And one may] put

[people of] the multitudes
בושיי bwšyy: multitude; ביש byš: poor
ביצה byṣh
ביצה byṣh: egg
an egg

into a gathering
ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; אסן ˀsn: gather, collect
במסננת bmsnnt
ב־ b-: in; מ־ m-: of; סנן snn: filter, clear, refine
into a filter

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

noblemen [?].
חר ḥr: nobleman; דלי dly: exalted
חרדל ḥrdl
חרדל ḥrdl: mustard
mustard.

[And one may] make
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
ועושין wˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[And one may] make

watchmen [units for] mockery
עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard; מהלנא mhlnˀ: derider, scorner, mocker
אנומלין ˀnwmlyn
אינומילין ˀynwmylyn: oinomeli, wine mixed with honey
wine with honey

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 20:2.b

Shabbat 20:2.c

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: In war only in cover-up operations, and in times pleasant & peaceful only in mock operations, and only upon special appointment in actual attacks.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: On Sabbath only in a cup, and on a day joyful of a festival only in a bottle, and on a holiday in a barrel.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

In war
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
On Sabbath

[only] in cover-up [operations?],
ב־ b-: in; כסוי kswy: cover
בכוס bkws
ב־ b-: in; כוס kws: cup, drink
[only] in a cup,

[and] in times
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
[and] on a day

pleasant [& peaceful]
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival]

[only] in mock [operations],
ב־ b-: in; לעגני lˁgny: mocking, deriding
בלגין blgyn
ב־ b-: in; לגין lgyn: bottle, jug, vessel
[only] in a bottle,

and [only] upon [special] appointment
ב־ b-: on; מועד mwˁd: appointed time, appointed place
ובמועד wbmwˁd
ב־ b-: on; מועד mwˁd: holiday, intermediate days of festival
and on a holiday

in [actual?] attacks.
ב־ b-: in; חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
בחבית bḥbyt
ב־ b-: in; חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
in a barrel.

Shabbat 20:2.c

Shabbat 20:2.d

Encrypted: Lord Zadok says: It is all according to the immorality of the commoners.

Official: Rabbi Zadok says: It is all according to the number of guests.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Zadok
צדוק ṣdwq: Zadok
צדוק ṣdwq
צדוק ṣdwq: Zadok
Zadok

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[It is] all
כל kl: all
הכל hkl
כל kl: all
[It is] all

according to
לפי lpy: according to
לפי lpy
לפי lpy: according to
according to

[the immorality of?] the commoners.
רווח rwwḥ: common, popular
האורחין hˀwrḥyn
אורח ˀwrḥ: visitor, guest
[the number of?] guests.

Shabbat 20:2.d

Actual fighting troops must be put to violence, rulers must not placed with them.

Shabbat 20:3.a

Encrypted: One may not let loose actual soldiers in a tempered environment, but must put them into the middle of violence.

Official: One may not soak assa foetida in tepid water, but must put it into the middle of vinegar.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

let loose
שרה šrh: let loose, set free, fight
שורין šwryn
שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
soak

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[actual] soldiers
חילות ḥylwt: soldiery; חילותא ḥylwtˀ: strength, army, troops
החלתית hḥltyt
חילתית ḥyltyt: assa foetida, asaf
assa foetida [???]

in a tempered [environment],
ב־ b-: in; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
בפושרין bpwšryn
ב־ b-: in; פשר pšr: make tepid, temper
in tepid [water],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[must] put [them]
נתן ntn: put, place
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: put, place
[must] put [it]

into the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of violence.
חמס ḥms: heated, passionate, violence
החמץ hḥmṣ
חמץ ḥmṣ: vinegar
of vinegar.

Shabbat 20:3.a

Shabbat 20:3.b

Encrypted: And one may not immerse rulers in them and not rub bodies with them, but one must place the rulers in the middle of friendly troops or in the middle of non-combat support units.

Official: And one may not soak vetches and not scrape them, but one may place them in the middle of a sieve or in the middle of a basket.

And [one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And [one may] not

immerse
שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
שורין šwryn
שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
soak

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

rulers [in them?]
כורסי kwrsy: ruler; קוריס qwrys: lord; ־ין -yn: (plural)
הכרשינין hkršynyn
כרשינה kršynh: vetch, horse-bean
vetches

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

rub [bodies with?]
שוף šwp: rub, scrape
שפין špyn
שוף šwp: rub, scrape
scrape

them,
אות ˀwt: him, it
אותן ˀwtn
אות ˀwt: him, it
them,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one must] place [the rulers?]
נתן ntn: put, place
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: put, place
[one may] place [them]

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in the middle

of friendly [troops]
חבר ḥbr: friend, associate; חברי ḥbry: friendly
הכברה hkbrh
כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
of a sieve

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in the middle

of [non-combat] support [units].
כלכלה klklh: support, provision, supply
הכלכלה hklklh
כלכלה klklh: basket
of a basket.

Shabbat 20:3.b

Rulers mustn’t even pretend to join actual fighters, but must be put into mock battles.

Shabbat 20:3.c

Encrypted: One may not even join a ruler in pretense into a mighty force and not even put him on a nearby place that is high, for making them bring down commoners, but one may move him with friendly troops or place him in the middle of a mock battle.

Official: One may not sift straw in a sieve, and not even put it on a nearby place that is high, for making the wind blow down the chaff, but one may move it in a basket or place it in the middle of a manger.

[One may] not [even]
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

join [a ruler?]
חבר ḥbr: join, associate with
כוברין kwbryn
כבר kbr: sift; כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
sift

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[in] pretense
תבען tbˁn: clamorer, pretender
התבן htbn
תבן tbn: stubble, straw
straw

into a mighty [force?]
ב־ b-: in; כבר kbr: many, great; כביר kbyr: mighty
בכברה bkbrh
ב־ b-: in; כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
in a sieve,

and not [even]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not [even]

put [him]
נתן ntn: put, place
יתננו ytnnw
נתן ntn: put, place
put [it]

on
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

a nearby
גבי gby: near, next to, at the place of
גבי gby
גבי gby: near, next to, at the place of
a nearby

place
מקום mqwm: place
מקום mqwm
מקום mqwm: place
place

that is high,
גבה gbh: proud, exalted
גבוה gbwh
גבה gbh: high
that is high,

for
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for

making [them?] bring down
ש־ š-: make; ירד yrd: go down, bring down
שירד šyrd
ש־ š-: make; ירד yrd: go down, bring down
making [the wind blow] down

commoners [??],
מצוא mṣwˀ: usual, common
המץ hmṣ
מוץ mwṣ: chaff
the chaff,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may] move
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[one may] move

him
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
it

with friendly [troops]
ב־ b-: with; חבר ḥbr: friend, associate; חברי ḥbry: friendly
בכברה bkbrh
ב־ b-: in; כברה kbrh: basket, sieve
in a basket

or place [him]
נתן ntn: put, place
ונותן wnwtn
נתן ntn: put, place
or place [it]

in the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
in the middle

of a mock [battle?].
בוז bwz: mock, mockery
האבוס hˀbws
אבוס ˀbws: manger
of a manger.

Shabbat 20:3.c

A ruler must be removed from the troops or replaced before any actual fighting.

Shabbat 20:4.a

Encrypted: One must make him slip away from before the crushing and move him away to the side because of possible harm. these are the words of lord Dosa. But the advisors prohibit it.

Official: One may sweep hay from before a fattened animal, and move it away to the side because the animal is grazing. these are the words of rabbi Dosa. But the advisors prohibit it.

[One must make him?] slip [away?]
גרף grp: slide, slip
גורפין gwrpyn
גרף grp: sweep, clean
[One may] sweep [hay?]

from before
מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
מלפני mlpny
מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
from before

the crushing [?]
פטם pṭm: crush, pound
הפטם hpṭm
פטם pṭm: stuff, fatten
a fattened [animal],

and move [him] away
מ־ m-: of; סלק slq: go up, go away
ומסלקין wmslqyn
מ־ m-: of; סלק slq: go up, go away
and move [it] away

to the side
ל־ l-: to; צד ṣd: side, border
לצדדין lṣddyn
ל־ l-: to; צד ṣd: side, border
to the side

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

of [possible] harm.
רעה rˁh: injury, harm
הרעי hrˁy
רעה rˁh: pasture, graze
[the animal] is grazing.

[these are] the words
דבר dbr: word, speech
דברי dbry
דבר dbr: word, speech
[these are] the words

of lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
of rabbi

Dosa.
דוסא dwsˀ: Dosa
דוסא dwsˀ
דוסא dwsˀ: Dosa
Dosa.

But the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
But the advisors

prohibit [it].
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
אוסרין ˀwsryn
אסר ˀsr: prohibit
prohibit [it].

Shabbat 20:4.a

Shabbat 20:4.a

Encrypted: One may move away from before the human cattle this one leader, and put before the human cattle that one lookalike in war.

Official: One may move away from before the cattle this one hay, and put it before the cattle that one on Sabbath.

[One may] move [away]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטלין nwṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[One may] move [away]

from before
מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
מלפני mlpny
מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
from before

the [human] cattle
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
the cattle

this one [leader],
זו zw: this
זו zw
זו zw: this
this one [hay?],

and put
נתן ntn: put, place
ונותנין wnwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
and put [it]

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

the [human] cattle
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
the cattle

that one [lookalike?]
זו zw: this
זו zw
זו zw: this
that one

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 20:4.a

Battle-hardened fighters near death cannot be stirred into violence by just any assistant.

Shabbat 20:5.a

Encrypted: As for battle hardened troops that are near death, one can not stir them up with a helper, but only stir them up with the actual leader himself.

Official: As for straw that is on the top of a bed, one may not shake it with the hand, but only shake it with one’s body.

[As for battle] hardened [troops]
קשי qšy: harden, strong, tough
הקש hqš
קש qš: straw, stubble
[As for] straw

that [are]
ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on
שעל šˁl
ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on
that [is] on

near
גב gb: near, next to
גבי gby
גב gb: side, top
the top

death,
מותה mwth: death
המטה hmṭh
מטה mṭh: couch, bed
of a bed,

[one can] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

stir [them] up
נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
ינענעו ynˁnˁw
נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
shake [it]

with a helper [?],
ב־ b-: with; אידא ˀydˀ: hand, help, aid
בידו bydw
ב־ b-: with; יד yd: hand
with the hand,

but only
אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
but only

stir [them] up
מ־ m-: of; נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
מנענעו mnˁnˁw
מ־ m-: of; נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
shake [it]

with [the actual leader] himself.
ב־ b-: with; גופא gwpˀ: person, self, the very thing
בגופו bgwpw
ב־ b-: with; גוף gwp: body
with [one’s] body.

Shabbat 20:5.a

Shabbat 20:5.b

Encrypted: Only if the helper is already well known to the human cattle, or there is on him a mark of recognition or a wrapper, one may stir them up with such a helper.

Official: Only if the straw is food of cattle, or there is on it a bolster or a wrapper, one may shake it with the hand.

[Only] if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
[Only] if

[the helper?] is
היה hyh: be
היה hyh
היה hyh: be
[the straw] is

[already well] known [to]
מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: known, revealed
מאכל mˀkl
מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat, food
food

the [human] cattle,
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
of cattle,

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

[there] is
ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
שהיה šhyh
ש־ š-: that; היה hyh: be
[there] is

on [him]
על ˁl: on
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on
on [it]

a mark of recognition
הכר hkr: recognition, mark, sign
כר kr
כר kr: saddle, bolster
a bolster

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

a wrapper,
סדון sdwn: linen wrap
סדין sdyn
סדון sdwn: linen wrap
a wrapper,

[one may] stir [them] up
מ־ m-: of; נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
מנענעו mnˁnˁw
מ־ m-: of; נענע nˁnˁ: shake, stir up
[one may] shake [it]

with [such] a helper.
ב־ b-: with; אידא ˀydˀ: hand, help, aid
בידו bydw
ב־ b-: with; יד yd: hand
with the hand.

Shabbat 20:5.b

Loosening oppression

The local ruler may loosen his oppression in war, but not a conqueror.

Shabbat 20:5.c

Encrypted: The oppression belonging to the lord of the land may be loosened, but not the oppression belonging to a conqueror, one should not create trouble with doing that.

Official: A press belonging to an owner of a regular house may be loosened, but not a press belonging to a fuller, one should not labor with it.

The oppression
מ־ m-: of; כבש kbš: suppress, oppress, force, subdue
מכבש mkbš
מ־ m-: of; כבש kbš: press
A press

belonging to
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
belonging to

the lord
בעל bˁl: lord, master, rule
בעלי bˁly
בעל bˁl: owner
an owner

of the land
ביתא bytˀ: place, land, territory
בתים btym
בית byt: house
of a [regular] house

[may] be loosened,
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, untie
מתירין mtyryn
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, untie
[may] be loosened,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

the oppression
כבש kbš: suppress, oppress, force, subdue
כובשין kwbšyn
כבש kbš: press
a press

belonging to
של šl: of, belonging to
ושל wšl
של šl: of, belonging to
belonging to

a conqueror,
כבש kbš: besiege, conquer, conqueror
כובסין kwbsyn
כובס kwbs: washer, fuller
a fuller,

[one should] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one should] not

[create] trouble
יגע ygˁ: put to trouble
יגע ygˁ
יגע ygˁ: labor
labor

with [doing] that.
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it.

Shabbat 20:5.c

Shabbat 20:5.d

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: If it is that the oppression was already loosened at the eve of war, one may also further loosen the restraint and even take it away.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: If it is that the press was already loosened at the eve of Sabbath, one may also further loosen the garments from the press and even take them away.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

If
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

[it] is [that]
היה hyh: be
היה hyh
היה hyh: be
[it] is [that]

[the oppression was already?] loosened
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, untie
מתר mtr
מ־ m-: of; נתר ntr: loosen, untie
[the press was already?] loosened

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[one may also further?] loosen
נתר ntr: loosen, untie
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: loosen, untie
[one may also further?] loosen

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the restraint [??]
כלי kly: enclose, to restrain
כלו klw
כלי kly: dress, garment, outfit
the garments [from the press?]

and [even] take [it] away.
שמט šmṭ: loosen, take away, get rid
ושומטו wšwmṭw
שמט šmṭ: loosen, take away, get rid
and [even] take [them] away.

Shabbat 20:5.d

Compromised disguises may be removed together with clean ones in war.

Shabbat 21:1.a

Encrypted: And may remove a man one of his men and a false surface in his power, even though this includes the false surface in the middle of usage. And one may remove a deception that has become compromised & unclean together with clean deceptions and also with perforated deceptions.

Official: And may carry a man his son and a stone in his hand, even though this includes the stone in the middle. And one may move a gift-offering that has become unclean even together with clean produce or with profaned produce.

[And may] remove
נטל nṭl: remove
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: lift, move, carry
[And may] carry

a man
אדם ˀdm: man, person
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, person
a man

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[one of his?] men
בן bn: man, people
בנו bnw
בן bn: son
his son

and a [false] surface [??]
אפין ˀpyn: front surface, characteristic
והאבן whˀbn
אבן ˀbn: stone
and a stone

in his power,
ב־ b-: in; יד yd: power, control
בידו bydw
ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand
in his hand,

[even though this] includes
כלל kll: include, combine
וכלכלה wklklh
כלל kll: include, combine
[even though this] includes

the [false] surface [??]
אפין ˀpyn: front surface, characteristic
והאבן whˀbn
אבן ˀbn: stone
the stone

in the middle [of usage??].
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
בתוכה btwkh
ב־ b-: in; תוך twk: middle
in the middle.

[And one may] remove
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
ומטלטלין wmṭlṭlyn
מ־ m-: of; טלטל ṭlṭl: move, remove
[And one may] move

a deception
תרמה trmh: deceit; תרמית trmyt: fraud, hoax
תרומה trwmh
תרומה trwmh: gift; תרומת trwmt: offering
a gift-offering

that [has become compromised &] unclean
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean, impure
טמאה ṭmˀh
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean, impure
that [has become] unclean

[together] with
עם ˁm: with
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with
[even together] with

clean [deceptions]
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
הטהורה hṭhwrh
טהר ṭhr: clean, pure
clean [produce]

and [also] with
עם ˁm: with
ועם wˁm
עם ˁm: with
or with

perforated [deceptions].
חלין ḥlyn: secular; חלון ḥlwn: perforation; חולן ḥwln: crack
החלין hḥlyn
חלין ḥlyn: profane
profaned [produce].

Shabbat 21:1.a

Shabbat 21:1.b

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: One may even lift it up in a mixture in a ratio of one to a hundred.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: One may even lift it up in a mixture in a ratio of one to a hundred.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

[One may] even
אף ˀp: even
אף ˀp
אף ˀp: even
[One may] even

lift [it] up
מ־ m-: of; עלי ˁly: obtain, achieve
מעלין mˁlyn
מ־ m-: of; עלי ˁly: lifted up
lift [it] up

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[in] a mixture [??]
מ־ m-: of; דמע dmˁ: mixed
המדמע hmdmˁ
מ־ m-: of; דמע dmˁ: mixed
[in] a mixture [??]

in [a ratio of??] one
ב־ b-: with; אחד ˀḥd: one
באחד bˀḥd
ב־ b-: in; אחד ˀḥd: one
in [a ratio of??] one

[to] a hundred [??].
מאה mˀh: hundred
ומאה wmˀh
מאה mˀh: hundred
[to] a hundred [??].

Shabbat 21:1.b

Sabotaging one’s defending troops

For predetermined failure of defense, rulers may over-extend their defenders.

Shabbat 21:2.a

Encrypted: As for poor people that are placed over the defensive front of an attack with agreed-upon success, one may over-extend the defenders to the side so that they will fall by themselves.

Official: As for a stone that is placed over the mouth of a barrel, one may extend the barrel to the side so that it will fall by itself.

[As for] poor [people?]
אביון ˀbywn: needy, poor, distressed
האבן hˀbn
אבן ˀbn: stone
[As for] a stone

that [are placed] over
ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on, over
שעל šˁl
ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on, over
that [is placed] over

the [defensive] front
אפא ˀpˀ: face, front
פי py
פי py: mouth
the mouth

of an attack [with agreed-upon success?],
חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
החבית hḥbyt
חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
of a barrel,

[one may over-]extend [the defenders??]
מ־ m-: of; נטה nṭh: stretch, extend
מטה mṭh
מ־ m-: of; נטה nṭh: stretch, extend
[one may] extend [the barrel]

to
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
to

the side
צד ṣd: side
צדה ṣdh
צד ṣd: side
the side

[so that] they
היא hyˀ: he, it
והיא whyˀ
היא hyˀ: he, it
[so that] it

will fall [by themselves].
נפל npl: fall
נופלת nwplt
נפל npl: fall
will fall [by itself].

Shabbat 21:2.a

Shabbat 21:2.b

Encrypted: If the attack is between other attacks, one may first lift the other attacks and then over-extend the defenders to the side so that they will fall.

Official: If the barrel is between other barrels, one may first lift it and then extend it to the side so that it will fall.

[If the attack] is
היה hyh: be
היתה hyth
היה hyh: be
[If the barrel] is

between
בין byn: between, among
בין byn
בין byn: between, among
between

[other] attacks,
חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
החביות hḥbywt
חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
[other] barrels,

[one may first] lift [the other attacks??]
מ־ m-: of; גבה gbh: raise, lift
מגביה mgbyh
מ־ m-: of; גבה gbh: raise, lift
[one may first] lift [it]

and then [over-]extend [the defenders??]
מ־ m-: of; נטה nṭh: stretch, extend
ומטה wmṭh
מ־ m-: of; נטה nṭh: stretch, extend
and then extend [it]

to
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
to

the side
צד ṣd: side
צדה ṣdh
צד ṣd: side
the side

[so that] they
היא hyˀ: he, it
והיא whyˀ
היא hyˀ: he, it
[so that] it

will fall.
נפל npl: fall
נופלת nwplt
נפל npl: fall
will fall.

Shabbat 21:2.b

Defenders on fortifications can be sabotaged by destroying those.

Shabbat 21:2.c

Encrypted: As for little people that are placed on fortifications, one may shake the fortifications so that they will fall by themselves.

Official: As for small coins that are placed on a bolster, one may shake the bolster so that they will fall by themselves.

[As for] little [people?]
מעט mˁṭ: small, little
מעות mˁwt
מעות mˁwt: small change, money
[As for] small coins

that [are placed] on
ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on, over
שעל šˁl
ש־ š-: that; על ˁl: on, over
that [are placed] on

fortifications,
כרך krk: city wall, fortify, fortification
הכר hkr
כר kr: saddle, bolster
a bolster,

[one may] shake
נער nˁr: shake, shake off, empty
נוער nwˁr
נער nˁr: shake, shake off, empty
[one may] shake

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the fortifications
כרך krk: city wall, fortify, fortification
הכר hkr
כר kr: saddle, bolster
the bolster

[so that] they
הן hn: they
והן whn
הן hn: they
[so that] they

will fall [by themselves].
נפל npl: fall
נופלות nwplwt
נפל npl: fall
will fall [by themselves].

Shabbat 21:2.c

Shabbat 21:2.d

Encrypted: If there are on them persistent ones who won’t yield, one may wipe them out by pulling the whole thing apart. And if the defenders are of the watchful kind, one may simply pour on them attacking people until the defense is ended.

Official: If there is on them chicken dirt, one may wipe them with a rag. And if the bolster is of leather, one may simply pour on it water until the contamination is ended.

[If there] are
היה hyh: be
היתה hyth
היה hyh: be
[If there] is

on them
על ˁl: on, over
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, over
on them

persistent [ones who won’t yield?],
לזז lzz: trouble, annoy, tiresome, persist; ־ת -t: (suffix)
לשלשת lšlšt
לשלשת lšlšt: secretion, chicken dirt
chicken dirt,

[one may] wipe [them out]
מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off
מקנחה mqnḥh
מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off
[one may] wipe [them]

[by] pulling [the whole thing?] apart [?].
ב־ b-: with; ש־ š-: make; מרטט mrṭṭ: pull to pieces, torn to pieces
בסמרטוט bsmrṭwṭ
ב־ b-: with; סמרטוט smrṭwṭ: rag; מרטוט mrṭwṭ: coarse garment
with a rag.

[And if the defenders??] are
היה hyh: be
היתה hyth
היה hyh: be
[And if the bolster] is

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

the watchful [kind?],
עור ˁwr: watch, wake, stir up
עור ˁwr
עור ˁwr: skin, leather
leather,

[one may simply] pour
נתן ntn: put, place, pour
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place, pour
[one may simply] pour

on them
על ˁl: on, over
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: on, over
on it

[attacking?] people
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water

until
עד ˁd: until
עד ˁd
עד ˁd: until
until

[the defense?] is ended.
ש־ š-: that; תכלה tklh: limit, end
שתכלה štklh
ש־ š-: that; תכלה tklh: limit, end
[the contamination?] is ended.

Shabbat 21:2.d

Fortifications can be sabotaged by removing armor & planking.

Shabbat 21:3.a

Encrypted: The school of Shammai say: One may gather away from the fortification plating all the strong material and the armour.

Official: The school of Shammai say: One may gather from the table bones and peels left from a meal.

The school
בית byt: house, school
בית byt
בית byt: house, school
The school

of Shammai
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
שמאי šmˀy
שמאי šmˀy: Shammai
of Shammai

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One may] gather [away?]
מ־ m-: of; גבי gby: collect, chosen; גבב gbb: gather
מגביהין mgbyhyn
מ־ m-: of; גבי gby: collect, chosen; גבב gbb: gather
[One may] gather

from
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from

the [fortification?] plating
שולחן šwlḥn: plate
השלחן hšlḥn
שלחן šlḥn: board, table
the table

[all] the strong [material?]
עצם ˁṣm: strong, powerful, force
עצמות ˁṣmwt
עצם ˁṣm: bone
bones

and the armour.
קלפא qlpˀ: armour, small metal plate
וקלפין wqlpyn
קלפה qlph: peel, shell
and peels [left from a meal].

Shabbat 21:3.a

Shabbat 21:3.b

Encrypted: And the school of Hillel say: One may even take away the defensive planks entirely to shake off the defenders.

Official: And the school of Hillel say: One may even move the table entirely to shake the crumbs off.

And the school
בית byt: house, school
ובית wbyt
בית byt: house, school
And the school

of Hillel
הלל hll: Hillel
הלל hll
הלל hll: Hillel
of Hillel

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

[One may even] take away
נטל nṭl: taken away
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[One may even] move

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the [defensive?] planks
טבלא ṭblˀ: tabula, board, plank, table
הטבלה hṭblh
טבלא ṭblˀ: tabula, board, plank, table
the table

entirely
כל kl: all, entirely
כלה klh
כל kl: all, entirely
entirely

to shake off [the defenders??].
מ־ m-: of; נער nˁr: shake, shake off, empty
ומנערה wmnˁrh
מ־ m-: of; נער nˁr: shake, shake off, empty
to shake [the crumbs off].

Shabbat 21:3.b

Shabbat 21:3.b

Encrypted: One may allow to run away from the fortification plating any fleeing defenders even if they are less in rank than a nobleman, and the remains of of the poor people and the remains of the crushed people, because it is all to be revealed to the human cattle to prove the war is real.

Official: One may remove from the table the crumbs left from a meal, if they are less in size than an olive, and the pods of beans, and the pods of lentils, because it is food for the cattle.

[One may allow to] run away
מ־ m-: of; עבר ˁbr: run over, go away
מעבירין mˁbyryn
מ־ m-: of; עבר ˁbr: cross, remove
[One may] remove

from
מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
מלפני mlpny
מ־ m-: from; לפני lpny: before
from

the [fortification?] plating
שולחן šwlḥn: plate
השלחן hšlḥn
שלחן šlḥn: board, table
the table

[any] fleeing [defenders??]
פרר prr: flee, put to flight
פרורין prwryn
פרר prr: crumb, crumble
the crumbs [left from a meal],

[even if?] they are less [in rank]
פחות pḥwt: inferior
פחות pḥwt
פחות pḥwt: less, lesser
[if] they are less [in size]

than a nobleman,
מ־ m-: than; כ־ k-: as, like; זהיותא zhywtˀ: nobility
מכזית mkzyt
מ־ m-: than; כ־ k-: as, like; זית zyt: olive
than an olive,

and the remains
שאר šˀr: left behind, remain
ושער wšˁr
שער šˁr: stem and pod
and the pods

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

of the poor [people?]
אביון ˀbywn: needy, poor, distressed
אפונין ˀpwnyn
אפון ˀpwn: bean
beans,

and the remains
שאר šˀr: left behind, remain
ושער wšˁr
שער šˁr: stem and pod
and the pods

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

the crushed [people?],
דוש dwš: crush, trample
עדשים ˁdšym
עדשה ˁdšh: lentil
lentils,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

it [is all]
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
it [is]

to be revealed
מ־ m-: of; גלא glˀ: reveal
מאכל mˀkl
מ־ m-: of; אכל ˀkl: eat, food
food

[to] the [human] cattle [to prove the war is real].
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
[for] the cattle.

Shabbat 21:3.b

One can sabotage one’s defenders by cutting support structures for platforms.

Shabbat 21:3.c

Encrypted: As for an overhanging framework, if there is to it a breakable structure for holding it, one may wipe off everyone with destroying it. If not, one may not wipe off everyone with it.

Official: As for a sponge, if there is to it a leathery structure for holding it, one may wipe the table with it. If not, one may not wipe the table with it.

[As for] an overhanging [framework???],
שקף šqp: overhang, framework
ספוג spwg
ספוג spwg: sponge
[As for] a sponge,

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

there is
יש yš: there is
יש yš
יש yš: there is
there is

to it
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to it

a breakable [??]
אור ˀwr: perforate, break through
עור ˁwr
עור ˁwr: skin, leather
a leathery

structure
בית byt: structure
בית byt
בית byt: structure
structure

[for] holding [it],
אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
אחיזה ˀḥyzh
אחיזה ˀḥyzh: holding, support
[for] holding [it],

[one may] wipe off [everyone]
מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off, cleanse
מקנחין mqnḥyn
מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off, cleanse
[one may] wipe [the table]

with [destroying] it.
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it.

If
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

not,
לאו lˀw: it is not
לאו lˀw
לאו lˀw: it is not
not,

[one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[one may] not

wipe off [everyone]
מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off
מקנחין mqnḥyn
מ־ m-: of; קנח qnḥ: wipe off
wipe [the table]

with it.
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him, it
with it.

Shabbat 21:3.c

Shabbat 21:3.d

Encrypted: And the advisors say: Whether like this or like that, one may remove it in war, and does not receive uncleanness by that.

Official: And the advisors say: Whether like this or like that, one may move it on Sabbath, and does not receive uncleanness by that.

And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

say:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומרים ˀwmrym
אמר ˀmr: say
say:

Whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
Whether

like this
כך kk: so, thus
כך kk
כך kk: so, thus
like this

or
בין byn: whether
ובין wbyn
בין byn: whether
or

like that,
כך kk: so, thus
כך kk
כך kk: so, thus
like that,

[one may] remove [it]
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטל nṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[one may] move [it]

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

and [does] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואינו wˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [does] not

receive
מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
מקבל mqbl
מ־ m-: of; קבל qbl: receive
receive

uncleanness [by that].
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean, forbidden
טמאה ṭmˀh
טמא ṭmˀ: unclean, forbidden
uncleanness [by that].

Shabbat 21:3.d

Rescuing agents

One may rescue agents from actual war if it doesn’t expose any secrets.

Shabbat 22:1.a

Encrypted: As for an attack that is for actual destruction, one may rescue safely from the supporters the agent assistants, and even say to others: Come, and rescue supporters by yourselves! This is on the condition that this does not spill the secrets.

Official: As for a barrel that breaks on Sabbath, one may rescue safely food for three meals, and even say to others: Come, and rescue my things by yourselves! This is on the condition that one does not absorb liquids with a sponge.

[As for] an attack
חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
חבית ḥbyt
חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
[As for] a barrel

that [is for actual] destruction,
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שבר šbr: crush, break, destroy
שנשברה šnšbrh
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שבר šbr: crush, break, destroy
that breaks [on Sabbath],

[one may] rescue
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
מצילין mṣylyn
מ־ m-: of; נצל nṣl: save, rescue
[one may] rescue

safely
הימן hymn: reliable, trust
הימנה hymnh
הימן hymn: reliable, trust
safely [??]

from the supporters
מ־ m-: from; זיונא zywnˀ: sustainer, supporter
מזון mzwn
מ־ m-: of; זון zwn: sustain, feed, food
food

the agent
שלש šlš: leader, officer; שליש šlyš: agent
שלש šlš
שלש šlš: three
[for] three

assistants,
סעד sˁd: helper, supporter, assistance
סעדות sˁdwt
סעדה sˁdh: meal, feast
meals,

and [even] say
אמר ˀmr: say
ואומר wˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
and [even] say

to others:
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
לאחרים lˀḥrym
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: other
to others:

Come,
בוא bwˀ: come, go in
באו bˀw
בוא bwˀ: come, go in
Come,

and rescue [supporters]
נצל nṣl: save, rescue
והצילו whṣylw
נצל nṣl: save, rescue
and rescue [my things]

by yourselves!
ל־ l-: for, by; ־כם -km: you
לכם lkm
ל־ l-: for, by; ־כם -km: you
by yourselves!

[This is] on the condition that
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
[This is] on the condition that

[this does?] not
ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: for; לא lˀ: not
[one does] not

spill [the secrets?].
שפך špk: pour out, spill
יספג yspg
ספג spg: absorb, suck up
absorb [liquids with a sponge].

Shabbat 22:1.a

One may not acknowledge & rescue agents who pop up during killings.

Shabbat 22:1.b

Encrypted: One may not start to slaughter the servants just to bring out from them the covered agents, as others would see it. And even if they come out by themselves, it is forbidden to acknowledge & rescue them.

Official: One may not squeeze fruit to bring out from them the liquid. And even if it comes out by itself, it is forbidden to use it.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

[start to] slaughter
שחט šḥṭ: slaughter
סוחטין swḥṭyn
סחט sḥṭ: squeeze, press out
squeeze

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the servants
פאריט pˀryṭ: servant; אפריט ˀpryṭ: servant
הפרות hprwt
פרי / פרת pry / prt: fruit, produce
fruit

[just] to bring out
ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
להוציא lhwṣyˀ
ל־ l-: to; יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
to bring out

from them
מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
מהן mhn
מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
from them

the covered [agents, as others would see it].
מסכה mskh: covering; מסך msk: camouflage
משקין mšqyn
משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
the liquid.

And [even] if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And [even] if

[they] come out
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
יצאו yṣˀw
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
[it] comes out

by themselves,
מ־ m-: of, by; עצם ˁṣm: self
מעצמן mˁṣmn
מ־ m-: of, by; עצם ˁṣm: self
by itself,

[it] is forbidden [to acknowledge & rescue them].
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסורין ˀswryn
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
[it] is forbidden [to use it].

Shabbat 22:1.b

Shabbat 22:1.c

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: If the slaughterings are for actual destruction, then whatever agent comes out from them is permitted to rescue, but if they were just for a cover, then whatever agent comes out from them is forbidden to acknowledge.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: If the fruit were actually for eating, then whatever liquid comes out from them is permitted to drink, but if they were for drinking, then whatever liquid comes out from them is forbidden to drink.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

If [the slaughterings are]
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If [the fruit were actually]

for [actual] destruction,
ל־ l-: for; אכל ˀkl: destroy, destruction
לאכלין lˀklyn
ל־ l-: for; אכל ˀkl: eat
for eating,

[then whatever agent] comes out
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
היוצא hywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
[then whatever liquid] comes out

from them
מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
מהן mhn
מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
from them

is permitted [to rescue],
נתר ntr: free, permit
מתר mtr
נתר ntr: free, permit
is permitted [to drink],

but if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
but if

[they were just] for a cover,
ל־ l-: for; מסכה mskh: covering; מסך msk: screen, curtain
למשקין lmšqyn
ל־ l-: for; משקה mšqh: drink, liquid
[they were] for drinking,

[then whatever agent] comes out
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
היוצא hywṣˀ
יצא yṣˀ: come out, bring out
[then whatever liquid] comes out

from them
מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
מהן mhn
מ־ m-: from; הן hn: they
from them

is forbidden [to acknowledge].
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסור ˀswr
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
is forbidden [to drink].

Shabbat 22:1.c

Shabbat 22:1.d

Encrypted: As for the rescuing of refugee agents that are already about to be crushed at the eve of war, even if they come out by themselves, it is forbidden to rescue them. But lord Eliezer permits it.

Official: As for combs of honey that are broken up at the eve of Sabbath, even if the honey comes out by itself, it is forbidden to eat it. But rabbi Eliezer permits it.

[As for] the rescuing [???]
חלע ḥlˁ: withdraw, rescue, deliver
חלות ḥlwt
חלה ḥlh: cake, honey-combs
[As for] combs

of refugee [agents???]
טפס ṭps: take refuge
דבש dbš
דבש dbš: honey
of honey

that are [already about] to be crushed
ש־ š-: that; רסק rsq: crush, break into pieces
שרסקן šrsqn
ש־ š-: that; רסק rsq: crush, break into pieces
that are broken [up]

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[even if they?] come out
יצא yṣˀ: come out
ויצאו wyṣˀw
יצא yṣˀ: come out
[even if the honey?] comes out

by themselves,
מ־ m-: of, by; עצם ˁṣm: self
מעצמן mˁṣmn
מ־ m-: of, by; עצם ˁṣm: self
by itself,

it is forbidden [to rescue them???].
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסורין ˀswryn
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
it is forbidden [to eat it].

But lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
ורבי wrby
רבי rby: rabbi
But rabbi

Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr
אליעזר ˀlyˁzr: Eliezer
Eliezer

permits [it].
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it].

Shabbat 22:1.d

Mixing actual warriors with deception

Hardened warriors with any honor left cannot be used as agents in manufactured wars.

Shabbat 22:2.a

Encrypted: All spies that were already inserted into the multitudes at the eve of war, one may immerse them into the multitudes also in war. And all spies which have not been inserted into the multitudes at the eve of war, one may still thrust them into the multitudes in war.

Official: All food items that were already inserted into hot water at the eve of Sabbath, one may soak them in hot water also on the Sabbath. And all food items which have not been inserted in hot water at the eve of Sabbath, one may rinse them in hot water on Sabbath.

All [spies?]
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
All [food items?]

that were [already] inserted
ש־ š-: that; בוא bwˀ: go in, insert
שבא šbˀ
ש־ š-: that; בוא bwˀ: go in, insert
that were [already] inserted

into the multitudes
ב־ b-: in; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd, people, population
בחמין bḥmyn
ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: warm, hot; ־ין -yn: (plural)
into hot [water]

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[one may] immerse
שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
שורין šwryn
שרה šrh: immerse, soak, saturate
[one may] soak

them
אות ˀwt: this one
אותו ˀwtw
אות ˀwt: this one
them

into the multitudes
ב־ b-: in; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd
בחמין bḥmyn
ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: warm, hot; ־ין -yn: (plural)
in hot [water]

[also] in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
[also] on the Sabbath.

And all [spies?]
כל kl: all
וכל wkl
כל kl: all
And all [food items?]

which [have] not
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: which; לא lˀ: not
which [have] not

been inserted
בוא bwˀ: go in, insert
בא bˀ
בוא bwˀ: go in, insert
been inserted

into the multitudes
ב־ b-: in; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd
בחמין bḥmyn
ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: warm, hot; ־ין -yn: (plural)
in hot [water]

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[one may still] thrust [?]
דחא dḥˀ: move, push, thrust
מדיחין mdyḥyn
דוח dwḥ: rinse, cleanse
[one may] rinse

them
אות ˀwt: this one
אותו ˀwtw
אות ˀwt: this one
them

into the multitudes
ב־ b-: in; המון hmwn: multitude, crowd
בחמין bḥmyn
ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: warm, hot; ־ין -yn: (plural)
in hot [water]

in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 22:2.a

Shabbat 22:2.b

Encrypted: Except of a warrior hardened of common birth, and a warrior of the masses, and a soldier with too much honor, because thrusting this kind into a fake war, he would be destroying the mockery.

Official: Except of salted old fish, and salted small fish, and the scomber fish of Hispania, because just rinsing this kind into hot water, it would be completing a work.

Except
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
חוץ ḥwṣ
חוץ ḥwṣ: outside, except
Except

of
מן mn: of
מן mn
מן mn: of
of

a warrior
לחם lḥm: fight, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
המליח hmlyḥ
מלח mlḥ: salt
salted

hardened
ישן yšn: strong, hard
הישן hyšn
ישן yšn: old
old

of common [birth],
דגוא dgwˀ: common
ודגים wdgym
דג dg: fish
fish,

and a warrior
לחם lḥm: fight, war; לוחם lwḥm: fighter, warrior
מלוחים mlwḥym
מלח mlḥ: salt
and salted

of the masses,
קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
קטנים qṭnym
קטן qṭn: small
small [fish],

and a soldier
אכלוס ˀklws: crowd, population, soldiers, troops
וקוליס wqwlys
קוליס qwlys: colias, scomber
and the scomber [fish]

[with too much?] honor [??],
ספן spn: value, respect, honor
האספנין hˀspnyn
אספניא ˀspnyˀ: Hispania, Spain
of Hispania [???],

because thrusting
ש־ š-: for; דחא dḥˀ: move, push, thrust
שהדחתן šhdḥtn
ש־ š-: for; דוח dwḥ: rinse, cleanse
because [just] rinsing

this [kind into a fake war??],
זו zw: this
זו zw
זו zw: this
this [kind into hot water?],

he
היא hyˀ: he, it
היא hyˀ
היא hyˀ: he, it
it

[would be] destroying
גמר gmr: finish, end, destroy
גמר gmr
גמר gmr: complete
[would be] completing

the mockery.
מ־ m-: of; לעג lˁg: mockery
מלאכתן mlˀktn
מלאכה mlˀkh: work, business, task
a work.

Shabbat 22:2.b

If mock attacks are stopped for safety, the troops still mustn’t know it’s all mockery.

Shabbat 22:3.a

Encrypted: Also may break off a person an attack in order to reveal safely his nobility, only on the condition that he did not plan to make an actual destructive one. And one may not indicate this reason to the main body of troops of the attack. These are the words of lord Yehudah.

Official: Also may break a person a barrel in order to eat safely of dried figs, only on the condition that he does not plan to make a vessel from the broken parts. And one may not perforate the body of the barrel. These are the words of rabbi Yehudah.

[Also may] break off
סבר sbr: expect, think to be true, appearance
שובר šwbr
שבר šbr: break, destroy
[Also may] break

a person
אדם ˀdm: man, person
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, person
a person

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

an attack
חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
החבית hḥbyt
חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
a barrel

[in order] to reveal
ל־ l-: to; גלא glˀ: reveal, show, present
לאכל lˀkl
ל־ l-: to; אכל ˀkl: eat
[in order] to eat

safely
הימן hymn: reliable, trust
הימנה hymnh
הימן hymn: reliable, trust
safely [??]

[his] nobility,
גרגרא grgrˀ: nobility, aristocracy; ־ת -t: (suffix)
גרוגרות grwgrwt
גרוגרת grwgrt: dried fig
of dried figs,

only on the condition
בלבד blbd: only, on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: only, on the condition that
only on the condition

that [he did] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
that [he does] not

plan
תכן tkn: estimate, planned
יתכון ytkwn
תכן tkn: estimate, planned
plan

to make
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
to make

[an actual?] destructive one.
כלי kly: destroy; כליה klyh: destruction, annihilation
כלי kly
כלי kly: object, vessel
a vessel [from the broken parts???].

And [one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
And [one may] not

indicate [this reason to?]
נקב nqb: mark, indicate, specify
נוקבים nwqbym
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
perforate

the main body [of troops?]
מ־ m-: of; גוף gwp: body, main structure
מגופה mgwph
מ־ m-: of; גוף gwp: body, main structure
the body

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

the attack.
חבט ḥbṭ: strike, beat, attack
חבית ḥbyt
חבית ḥbyt: barrel, cask
the barrel.

[These are] the words
דבר dbr: word, speech
דברי dbry
דבר dbr: word, speech
[These are] the words

of lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
of rabbi

Yehudah.
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah.

Shabbat 22:3.a

Shabbat 22:3.b

Encrypted: And the advisors permit it, but still say one may not indicate the mockery of it all. And if it is already indicated, one may not place oneself into that army any more, because they will likely become disobedient & rebellious after knowing it.

Official: And the advisors permit it, but still say one may not perforate the side of the barrel. And if it is already perforated, one may not place on the same barrel wax, because that counts as smoothening which counts as work.

And the advisors
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
וחכמים wḥkmym
חכם ḥkm: wise, advisor
And the advisors

permit [it],
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: permit, free
permit [it],

but [still say one may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
but [still say one may] not

indicate
נקב nqb: mark, indicate, specify
יקבנה yqbnh
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
perforate

the mockery [of it all].
מ־ m-: of; צדי ṣdy: play, mock
מצדה mṣdh
מ־ m-: of; צד ṣd: side
the side [of the barrel].

And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if

[it] is
היה hyh: be
היתה hyth
היה hyh: be
[it] is

[already] indicated,
נקב nqb: mark, indicate, specify
נקובה nqwbh
נקב nqb: pierce, perforate, hole
[already] perforated,

[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

place [oneself]
נתן ntn: put, place
יתן ytn
נתן ntn: put, place
place

into
על ˁl: into
עליה ˁlyh
על ˁl: on
on [the same barrel?]

[that] army [any more],
סיעה syˁh: crowd, group, army, military division; שוע šwˁ: smooth, soft
שעוה šˁwh
שעוה šˁwh: wax, gum
wax,

because
מפני mpny: because of
מפני mpny
מפני mpny: because of
because

they
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
שהוא šhwˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he
that

[will likely become] disobedient & rebellious [after knowing it].
מ־ m-: of; מרה mrh: rebellious, disobedient
ממרח mmrḥ
מ־ m-: of; מרח mrḥ: rub, smear, smooth
[counts as] smoothening [which counts as work].

Shabbat 22:3.b

Shabbat 22:3.c

Encrypted: Says lord Yehudah: A person committing such an act came before lord Yohanan ben Zakkai in Arav, and he said: I fear for him that he is guilty of a mistake.

Official: Says rabbi Yehudah: A person committing such an act came before rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai in Arav, and he said: I fear for him that he has to make a sin-offering.

Says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
Says

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Yehudah:
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah:

[A person committing such] an act
מ־ m-: of; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
מעשה mˁšh
מ־ m-: of; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[A person committing such] an act

came
בוא bwˀ: come
בא bˀ
בוא bwˀ: come
came

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

lord
רבן rbn: lord
רבן rbn
רבן rbn: rabban
rabban

Yohanan ben Zakkai
יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy: Yohanan ben Zakkai
יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy
יוחנן בן זכאי ywḥnn bn zkˀy: Yohanan ben Zakkai
Yohanan ben Zakkai

in Arav,
ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: Arav
בערב bˁrb
ב־ b-: in; ערב ˁrb: Arav
in Arav,

and he said:
אמר ˀmr: say
ואמר wˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
and he said:

[I] fear
חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
חוששני ḥwššny
חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
[I] fear

for him
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
for him

[that he is guilty of] a mistake.
מ־ m-: of; חטאת ḥṭˀt: mistake
מחטאת mḥṭˀt
מ־ m-: of; חטאת ḥṭˀt: sin-offering
[that he has to make] a sin-offering.

Shabbat 22:3.c

Spying among dangerous crowds

Agents may be placed even into harmful & angry crowds.

Shabbat 22:4.a

Encrypted: One may place a pretender into the middle of people for him to watch them, and also one who is like the people on the surface into harmful people for him to cool them down, and also a secret guard into angry people for him to confound them.

Official: One may place cooked food into the middle of a pit for it to keep the heat, and also water drinkable by mouth into bad water for it to cool down, and also cold water into hot water for it to get hot.

[One may] place
נתן ntn: put, place
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
[One may] place

a pretender
ת־ t-: of; בשאילו bšˀylw: feignedly, in pretense; ב־ b-: in; שאיל šˀyl: deceptions
תבשיל tbšyl
ת־ t-: of; בשל bšl: cook, boil
cooked [food]

into the middle
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
לתוך ltwk
ל־ l-: to; תוך twk: middle
into the middle

of people
בריה bryh: people; אבר ˀbr: corps
הבור hbwr
בור bwr: pit, cistern
of a pit

for
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for

him
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
שיהא šyhˀ
ש־ š-: that; הוא hwˀ: he, it
it

to watch [them],
שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
שמור šmwr
שמר šmr: watch, guard, keep
to keep [the heat],

and also
את ˀt: to
ואת wˀt
את ˀt: to
and also

[one who is like?] the people
עמים ˁmym: people
המים hmym
מים mym: water
water

[on] the surface
פום pwm: surface; אפים ˀpym: face
היפים hypym
פום pwm: mouth
[drinkable by] mouth

into harmful [people]
ב־ b-: in; רע rˁ: bad, worthless, harm
ברעים brˁym
ב־ b-: in; רע rˁ: bad, worthless, harm
into bad [water]

for
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for

[him to] cool [them] down,
ש־ š-: that; צנן ṣnn: cold, cool down
שיצנו šyṣnw
ש־ š-: that; צנן ṣnn: cold, cool down
[it to] cool down,

and also
את ˀt: to
ואת wˀt
את ˀt: to
and also

a secret [guard??]
צנע ṣnˁ: secret, guile, guard, restrain
הצונן hṣwnn
צנן ṣnn: cold, cool down
cold [water]

into angry [people]
ב־ b-: in; חום ḥwm: heat, anger
בחמה bḥmh
ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: hot, warm
into hot [water]

for
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for

[him to] confound [them?].
ש־ š-: that; המם hmm: stir up, confound
שיחמו šyḥmw
ש־ š-: that; חם ḥm: hot, warm
[it to get] hot.

Shabbat 22:4.a

When disguises are accidentally dropped, agents may just walk along with the crowd.

Shabbat 22:4.b

Encrypted: And someone who dropped his dress-up disguises while on the road among the people, he may just continue to walk with them, and need not fear to break any rules.

Official: And someone who dropped his dresses on the road into the water, he may just continue to walk with them, and need not fear to break any rules.

[And] someone
מי my: someone
מי my
מי my: someone
[And] someone

who dropped
ש־ š-: who; נשר nšr: drop, fall off
שנשרו šnšrw
ש־ š-: who; נשר nšr: drop, fall off
who dropped

his dress-up [disguises?]
כלי kly: dress, garment
כליו klyw
כלי kly: dress, garment
his dresses

[while] on the road
ב־ b-: on; דרך drk: road, way
בדרך bdrk
ב־ b-: on; דרך drk: road, way
on the road

among the people,
ב־ b-: among; עמים ˁmym: people
במים bmym
ב־ b-: in; מים mym: water
into the water,

[he may just continue] to walk
מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: walk
מהלך mhlk
מ־ m-: of; הלך hlk: walk
[he may just continue] to walk

with them,
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them,

and [need] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואינו wˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
and [need] not

fear [to break any rules].
חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
חושש ḥwšš
חשש ḥšš: fear, suspicion, sense
fear [to break any rules].

Shabbat 22:4.b

Shabbat 22:4.c

Encrypted: As soon as he reaches of his private property the outer part, he may again plaster himself up with them, but not as he is facing any crowds as they’d know his disguise.

Official: As soon as he reaches of his private property the outer part, he may spread them out in the hot sun, but not as he is facing any crowds as they’d suspect him breaking Sabbath law.

[As soon as] he reaches
נגע ngˁ: reach, arrive
הגיע hgyˁ
נגע ngˁ: reach, arrive
[As soon as] he reaches

of his private property
ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
לחצר lḥṣr
ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
of his private property

the outer [part],
חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
החיצונה hḥyṣwnh
חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
the outer [part],

[he may again] plaster [himself up]
ש־ š-: make; טוח ṭwḥ: plaster, coat
שוטחן šwṭḥn
ש־ š-: make; טוח ṭwḥ: spread over
[he may] spread [them out]

with them,
ב־ b-: with; הם hm: them
בחמה bḥmh
ב־ b-: in; חם ḥm: hot, heat
in the hot [sun],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

as he is facing
כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: opposite, facing, towards
כנגד kngd
כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: opposite, facing, towards
as he is facing

[any] crowds [as they’d know his disguise].
עם ˁm: crowd, people
העם hˁm
עם ˁm: crowd, people
[any] crowds [as they’d suspect him breaking Sabbath law].

Shabbat 22:4.c

Agents may mingle with angry people, but must outnumber them to exert control.

Shabbat 22:5.a

Encrypted: One may safely be among people that have been provoked or among people that are angry and entangle with them, even with tens of workers, but one may not try to bring them into one’s control.

Official: One may bathe in the water of a cave or in the water of Tiberias and wipe oneself dry, even with ten towels, but one may not carry them in one’s hand.

[One may] safely [be]
רחץ rḥṣ: trust, rely, safe
הרוחץ hrwḥṣ
רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
[One may] bathe

among people
ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
במי bmy
ב־ b-: in; מי my: water
in the water

that have been provoked
מרי mry: provoke, quarrel, get angry
מערה mˁrh
מערה mˁrh: cave
of a cave

or among people
ב־ b-: among; עם ˁm: people
ובמי wbmy
ב־ b-: in; מי my: water
or in the water

that are angry
עבר / התעבר ˁbr / htˁbr: angry, violate
טבריא ṭbryˀ
טבריא ṭbryˀ: Tiberias
of Tiberias [??]

and entangle [with them??],
נ־ n-: make; סבך sbk: interweave, entangle
ונסתפג wnstpg
נ־ n-: make; ספג spg: absorb, drying, wiping
and wipe [oneself] dry,

even
אפלו ˀplw: even
אפלו ˀplw
אפלו ˀplw: even
even

with tens
ב־ b-: with; עשר ˁšr: ten
בעשר bˁšr
ב־ b-: with; עשר ˁšr: ten
with ten

of workers [???],
ליענות lyˁnwt: work
אלונטיאות ˀlwnṭyˀwt
אלונטית ˀlwnṭyt: linteum, wrapping cloth, towel
towels,

[but one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[but one may] not

[try to] bring them
בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry; ־ם -m: them
יביאם ybyˀm
בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry; ־ם -m: them
carry them

into [one’s] control.
ב־ b-: into; יד yd: power, control
בידו bydw
ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand
in [one’s] hand.

Shabbat 22:5.a

Shabbat 22:5.b

Encrypted: But if ten sons of disguise entangle with a worker just one, using their fronts, their information and their spycraft, they may well bring him into their control.

Official: But if ten sons of man wipe themselves dry with a towel just one, their faces, their hands and their feet, they may even carry it in the hand.

But [if]
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
But [if]

ten
עשר ˁšr: ten
עשרה ˁšrh
עשר ˁšr: ten
ten

sons
בן bn: son, man
בני bny
בן bn: son, man
sons

of disguise [???]
דמא dmˀ: be like, resemble, appear in disguise
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, person
of man

entangle
נ־ n-: make; סבך sbk: interweave, entangle
מסתפגין mstpgyn
נ־ n-: make; ספג spg: absorb, drying, wiping
wipe [themselves] dry

with a worker [???]
ב־ b-: with; ליענות lyˁnwt: work
באלונטית bˀlwnṭyt
ב־ b-: with; אלונטית ˀlwnṭyt: linteum, wrapping cloth, towel
with a towel

[just] one,
אחת ˀḥt: one
אחת ˀḥt
אחת ˀḥt: one
[just] one,

[using??] their fronts,
פני pny: front, face; הם hm: them
פניהם pnyhm
פני pny: front, face; הם hm: them
their faces,

their information
ידע ydˁ: know, inform
ידיהם ydyhm
יד yd: hand; הם hm: them
their hands

and their spycraft,
רגל rgl: spy, espy, spy out; הם hm: them
ורגליהם wrglyhm
רגל rgl: foot; הם hm: them
and their feet,

[they may well] bring
בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
ומביאין wmbyˀyn
בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
[they may even] carry

him
אות ˀwt: the same
אותה ˀwth
אות ˀwt: the same
it

into [their] control.
ב־ b-: into; יד yd: power, control
בידן bydn
ב־ b-: in; יד yd: hand
in the hand.

Shabbat 22:5.b

Employing workers

One may not employ common-birth servants to help with donning disguises.

Shabbat 22:6.a

Encrypted: One may smear on a disguise by physically manipulating one’s own person, but not by using workers, and not by using servants, and not common workmen, and not use them for the dress-up, and not for forming oneself as a commoner, and not for restoring broken disguised people.

Official: One may anoint oneself by touching one’s belly, but not by massaging, and not by scraping, and not enter a bath like a wrestling ground, and not do intentional vomiting, and not straighten the body of a young child, and not restore broken bones.

[One may] smear on [a disguise?]
סוך swk: smeared on; סכך skk: screen, cover
סכין skyn
סוך swk: oil, anoint
[One may] anoint [oneself]

[by physically?] manipulating
מ־ m-: of; משמש mšmš: examine, manipulate
וממשמשין wmmšmšyn
מ־ m-: of; משמש mšmš: touch, feel, handle
[by] touching

[one’s own?] person [??],
ב־ b-: among; בן bn: man, people; עמא ˁmˀ: people
בבני מעים bbny mˁym
ב־ b-: on; בן bn: belonging to; מעה mˁh: bowels, belly
[one’s] belly,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

[by using?] workers [?],
מ־ m-: of; עמל ˁml: laborer, worker
מתעמלין mtˁmlyn
ם m: of; עמל ˁml: labor, massage
[by] massaging,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[by using?] servants [?],
מ־ m-: of; אגירותא ˀgyrwtˀ: hiring, wages; אגורתן ˀgwrtn: underling, servant
מתגרדין mtgrdyn
מ־ m-: of; גרד grd: scratch, scrape
[by] scraping,

and not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and not

common [??]
ירוד yrwd: low, common
יורדין ywrdyn
ירד yrd: go down, enter
enter

workmen [?],
קורדח qwrdḥ: work; ־ים -ym: (plural)
לקורדימה lqwrdymh
ל־ l-: to; קורדימא / קירומא qwrdymˀ / qyrwmˀ: keroma, wrestling ground
[a bath like?] a wrestling ground,

and not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and not

use [them?]
עשה ˁšh: work, labor, use
עושין ˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
do

[for] the dress-up [???],
אפקרסין ˀpqrsyn: epikarsion, undress, underwear; אפקרסא ˀpqrsˀ: sheet, wrapping
אפקטוזין ˀpqṭwzyn
אפיקטויזין ˀpyqṭwyzyn: apokottabizein, taking an emetic, vomit
[intentional] vomiting,

and not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and not

[for] forming [oneself??]
מ־ m-: of; עצב ˁṣb: form, shape
מעצבין mˁṣbyn
מ־ m-: of; עצב ˁṣb: heal, repair, straighten
straighten

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[as] a commoner,
קטן qṭn: inferior, subordinate; קטון qṭwn: common populace, masses
הקטן hqṭn
קטן qṭn: young, small
[the body] of a young [child],

and not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
and not

[for] restoring
מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: return, restore
מחזירין mḥzyryn
מ־ m-: of; חזר ḥzr: return, restore
restore

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

broken [disguised people???].
שבר šbr: break, crush
השבר hšbr
שבר šbr: break, crush
broken [bones].

Shabbat 22:6.a

Lesser informants badly hurt in war may not receive secret treatment, even if they die.

Shabbat 22:6.b

Encrypted: So someone who gets broken his informant or his spy, he may not heal him with better methods in secrecy, but he may only rely on him to heal as in the standard manner, and if he perishes then he perishes.

Official: Someone who has broken his hand or foot, he may not violently shake it in cold water, but he may only bathe it as in the standard manner, and if he is cured then he is cured.

[So] someone
מי my: someone
מי my
מי my: someone
Someone

who gets broken
ש־ š-: who; נ־ n-: make; פרק prq: break, tear apart
שנפרקה šnprqh
ש־ š-: who; נ־ n-: make; פרק prq: break, tear apart
who has broken

his informant
ידע ydˁ: know, inform
ידו ydw
יד yd: hand
his hand

or his spy,
רגל rgl: spy; רגלי rgly: foot-soldier, slave
ורגלו wrglw
רגל rgl: foot
or foot,

[he may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[he may] not

heal [him with better methods??]
תרף trp: healing, cure, medicine
יטרפם yṭrpm
טרף ṭrp: shake violently
violently shake [it]

in secrecy,
ב־ b-: in; צנע ṣnˁ: hide, hidden, withdraw, secret, guile
בצונן bṣwnn
ב־ b-: in; צנון ṣnwn: cold
in cold [water],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[he may only] rely [on]
רחץ rḥṣ: trust, rely
רוחץ rwḥṣ
רחץ rḥṣ: wash, bathe
[he may only] bathe

him [to heal??]
הוא hwˀ: he, it
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he, it
it

as in the [standard] manner,
כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
כדרכו kdrkw
כ־ k-: as, like; דרך drk: way, manner
as in the [standard] manner,

and if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
and if

he perishes
נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: perish, disappear
נתרפא ntrpˀ
נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: healing, cure
he is cured

[then] he perishes.
נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: perish, disappear
נתרפא ntrpˀ
נ־ n-: make; תרף trp: healing, cure
[then] he is cured.

Shabbat 22:6.b

Renting out agents & help

Agents & disguises may be loaned & borrowed for money.

Shabbat 23:1.a

Encrypted: And may borrow a man from another if it is merely a low-level watcher or if it is merely an appointed person, on the condition that he does not officially say to him: Lend him to me! And thus may a nobleman borrow from another a wrapper.

Official: And may borrow a man from another if it is merely wine or if it is merely oil, on the condition that he does not explicitly say to him: Lend it to me! And thus may a woman borrow from another a loaf of bread.

[And may] borrow
שאל šˀl: borrow, lend
שואל šwˀl
שאל šˀl: borrow, lend
[And may] borrow

a man
אדם ˀdm: man, person
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, person
a man

from another
מ־ m-: from; חבר ḥbr: other one
מחברו mḥbrw
מ־ m-: from; חבר ḥbr: other one
from another

[if it is?] merely
כדי kdy: as much as, merely
כדי kdy
כדי kdy: as much as, merely
[if it is?] merely

a [low-level?] watcher
עין ˁyn: eye, watch, guard
יין yyn
יין yyn: wine
wine

or [if it is?] merely
כדי kdy: as much as, merely
וכדי wkdy
כדי kdy: as much as, merely
or [if it is?] merely

an appointed [person],
זמן zmn: appoint, arrange, summon
שמן šmn
שמן šmn: fat, oil
oil,

on the condition
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
on the condition

that [he does] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
that [he does] not

[officially] say
אמר ˀmr: say
יאמר yˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
[explicitly] say

to him:
לו lw: to him
לו lw
לו lw: to him
to him:

Lend [him to me]!
לוי lwy: borrow, lend
הלוני hlwny
לוי lwy: borrow, lend
Lend [it to me]!

And thus
כן kn: thus, so
וכן wkn
כן kn: thus, so
And thus

[may] a nobleman
שוע šwˁ: nobleman, prince; איש ˀyš: lord
האשה hˀšh
אשה ˀšh: woman
[may] a woman

[borrow] from another
מ־ m-: from; חבר ḥbr: other one
מחברתה mḥbrth
מ־ m-: from; חבר ḥbr: other one
[borrow] from another

a wrapper.
כרך krk: bind round, wrap, surround
ככרות kkrwt
ככר kkr: loaf, talent
a loaf [of bread].

Shabbat 23:1.a

Shabbat 23:1.b

Encrypted: And if the lender does not trust the borrower, the borrower may put down his own cover beside the lender, and make with him a calculation for after the war.

Official: And if the lender does not trust the borrower, the borrower may leave his cloak beside the lender, and make with him a calculation after the Sabbath.

And if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
And if

[the lender does] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אינו ˀynw
אין ˀyn: no, not
[the lender does] not

trust [the borrower],
מ־ m-: of; אמן ˀmn: trust, trustworthy
מאמינו mˀmynw
מ־ m-: of; אמן ˀmn: trust, trustworthy
trust [the borrower],

[the borrower may] put down
מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: put down, place down
מניח mnyḥ
מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: set down, place, leave
[the borrower may] leave

his [own] cover
טלית ṭlyt: sheet, cover
טליתו ṭlytw
טלית ṭlyt: cloak
his cloak

beside [the lender],
אצל ˀṣl: beside, near
אצלו ˀṣlw
אצל ˀṣl: beside, near
beside [the lender],

and make
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
ועושה wˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
and make

with him
עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
עמו ˁmw
עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
with him

a calculation
חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
חשבון ḥšbwn
חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
a calculation

[for] after
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
לאחר lˀḥr
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
after

the war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
the Sabbath.

Shabbat 23:1.b

When commoners uncover a secret agent, one may rent out a new disguise.

Shabbat 23:1.c

Encrypted: And thus when the multitudes by accident crack a secret informant if it falls on a time to be in war, the lender may put down his intact cover beside the borrower, and take the cracked disguise away and make with him a calculation after the time pleasant & peaceful.

Official: And thus at the eve of Passover in Jerusalem, if it falls on a time to be on a Sabbath, the borrower may leave his cloak beside the lender, and take a Passover lamb with him, and make with him a calculation after the day joyful of the festival.

And thus
כן kn: thus, so
וכן wkn
כן kn: thus, so
And thus

[when] the multitudes
ערב ˁrb: mixed multitude
ערב ˁrb
ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
[at] the eve

[by accident?] crack
פצח pṣḥ: break, crack, burst forth, open
פסח psḥ
פסח psḥ: Passover
of Passover

a secret informant [?]
ב־ b-: in; עיר ˁyr: inform; ש־ š-: make; עלם ˁlm: hidden
בירושלים byrwšlym
ב־ b-: in; ירושלים yrwšlym: Jerusalem
in Jerusalem,

[if it] falls on [a time]
ש־ š-: that; חל ḥl: apply, fall on
שחל šḥl
ש־ š-: that; חל ḥl: apply, fall on
[if it] falls on [a time]

to be
ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
להיות lhywt
ל־ l-: to; היה hyh: be
to be

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on a Sabbath,

[the lender may] put down
מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: put down, place down
מניח mnyḥ
מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: set down, place, leave
[the borrower may] leave

his [intact??] cover
טלית ṭlyt: sheet, cover
טליתו ṭlytw
טלית ṭlyt: cloak
his cloak

beside [the borrower],
אצל ˀṣl: beside, near
אצלו ˀṣlw
אצל ˀṣl: beside, near
beside [the lender],

and take
נטל nṭl: lift, impose, burden
ונוטל wnwṭl
נטל nṭl: receive, take
and take

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the cracked [disguise away??]
פצח pṣḥ: break, crack, burst forth, open
פסחו psḥw
פסח psḥ: Passover
a Passover [lamb with him],

and make
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
ועושה wˁwšh
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
and make

with him
עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
עמו ˁmw
עם ˁm: with; ־ו -w: him
with him

a calculation
חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
חשבון ḥšbwn
חשב ḥšb: calculate, account
a calculation

after
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
לאחר lˀḥr
ל־ l-: to; אחר ˀḥr: after, behind
after

the time
יום ywm: day, time
יום ywm
יום ywm: day, time
the day

pleasant [& peaceful].
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of the festival].

Shabbat 23:1.c

Insider refugees may be led to safety, only in small groups, without written evidence.

Shabbat 23:2.a

Encrypted: And may lead a man those wishing to leave the war zone to a safe location for all mouths, but not with having this in a written document.

Official: And may count a man his guests to the crumbles of food for all mouths, but not from a written document.

[And may] lead
מ־ m-: of; נחה nḥh: lead, guide
מונה mwnh
מנה mnh: count
[And may] count

a man
אדם ˀdm: man, person
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, person
a man

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[those wishing to] leave [the war zone]
ארח ˀrḥ: travel, depart, leave
אורחיו ˀwrḥyw
ארח ˀrḥ: traveller, guest
his guests

to
את ˀt: to
ואת wˀt
את ˀt: to
to

a safe location [???]
אפר ˀpr: meadow, safe location
פרפרותיו prprwtyw
פרפר prpr: break, crumble, crush
the crumbles [of food?]

[for all] mouths,
מ־ m-: of; פי py: mouth
מפיו mpyw
מ־ m-: of; פי py: mouth
[for all] mouths,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

with
מן mn: with, because
מן mn
מן mn: from
from

[having this in] a written document.
כתב ktb: written, document
הכתב hktb
כתב ktb: written, document
a written document.

Shabbat 23:2.a

Shabbat 23:2.b

Encrypted: One may also cast lots for escaping with one’s men and with those belonging to the household on sending them away, on the condition that one does not plan to do this to lead away a large group as opposite to a small group, because of the ongoing deceit.

Official: One may also cast lots for food portions with children and with those belonging to the household on the table, on the condition that one does not plan to do this to appoint a large portion as opposite to a small portion, because they must all be of fixed size.

[One may also] cast lots [for escaping]
מ־ m-: of; פיס pys: cast lots
ומפיס wmpys
מ־ m-: of; פיס pys: cast lots
[One may also] cast lots [for food portions]

with
עם ˁm: with
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with
with

[one’s] men
בן bn: man, people
בניו bnyw
בן bn: son, child
children

and with
עם ˁm: with
ועם wˁm
עם ˁm: with
and with

those belonging to
בן bn: belonging to
בני bny
בן bn: belonging to
those belonging to

the household
בית byt: house
ביתו bytw
בית byt: house
the household

on
על ˁl: on, over
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, over
on

sending [them] away,
שלח šlḥ: send away, send off; ־ן -n: (suffix)
השלחן hšlḥn
שלחן šlḥn: board, table
the table,

on the condition
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
on the condition

that [one does] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
that [one does] not

plan
תכן tkn: estimate, planned
יתכון ytkwn
תכן tkn: estimate, planned
plan

to do [this]
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
לעשות lˁšwt
ל־ l-: to; עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
to do [this]

to lead [away]
מ־ m-: of; נחה nḥh: lead, guide
מנה mnh
מנה mnh: count, appoint, portion
to appoint

a large [group]
גדל gdl: great, large
גדולה gdwlh
גדל gdl: great, large
a large [portion]

as opposite to
כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: facing, opposite
כנגד kngd
כ־ k-: as; נגד ngd: facing, opposite
as opposite to

a small [group],
קטן qṭn: little, small
קטנה qṭnh
קטן qṭn: little, small
a small [portion],

because
משום mšwm: because
משום mšwm
משום mšwm: because
because

of the [ongoing] deceit.
עקב ˁqb: deceitful; עקבה ˁqbh: deceit
קביא qbyˀ
קביע qbyˁ: fixed, stabilized
[they must all be of] fixed [size].

Shabbat 23:2.b

Shabbat 23:2.c

Encrypted: And one may also impose casting lots during arrangements in the time pleasant & peaceful. but one may not do this for beforehand appointed people.

Official: And one may also impose casting lots over holy food on a day joyful of a festival, but one may not do this over beforehand appointed portions.

And [one may also] impose
מ־ m-: of; נטל nṭl: take, lift up, impose
ומטילין wmṭylyn
מ־ m-: of; נטל nṭl: take, lift up, impose
And [one may also] impose

[casting] lots
חלש ḥlš: lot, ballot
חלשים ḥlšym
חלש ḥlš: lot, ballot
[casting] lots

during [???]
על ˁl: during
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, over
over

arrangements [???]
קטסא qṭsˀ: arrange
הקדשים hqdšym
קדש qdš: holy
holy [food?]

in the time
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
ביום bywm
ב־ b-: on; יום ywm: day, time
on a day

pleasant [& peaceful].
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
טוב ṭwb
טוב ṭwb: good, pleasant, enjoy oneself
joyful [of a festival],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may] not [do this]
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not [do this]

for
על ˁl: concerning, for, on behalf of
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, over
over

[beforehand] appointed [people???].
מנה mnh: count, appoint, portion
המנות hmnwt
מנה mnh: count, appoint, portion
[beforehand] appointed [portions].

Shabbat 23:2.c

One may not use common-birth workers to smuggle refugees, only secret agents.

Shabbat 23:3.a

Encrypted: And may not hire a man just any common-birth workers in war for this, and may not tell a man to another to hire for him common workers.

Official: And may not hire a man workers on Sabbath, and may not tell a man to another to hire for him workers.

[And may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[And may] not

hire
שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
ישכר yškr
שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
hire

a man
אדם ˀdm: man, person
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man, person
a man

[just any common-birth] workers
פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
פועלים pwˁlym
פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
workers

in war [for this??],
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

and [may] not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and [may] not

tell
אמר ˀmr: say
יאמר yˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
tell

a man
אדם ˀdm: man
אדם ˀdm
אדם ˀdm: man
a man

to another
ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: other one
לחברו lḥbrw
ל־ l-: to; חבר ḥbr: other one
to another

to hire
ל־ l-: to; שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
לשכר lškr
ל־ l-: to; שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
to hire

for him
ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
לו lw
ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
for him

[common] workers.
פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
פועלים pwˁlym
פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
workers.

Shabbat 23:3.a

Shabbat 23:3.a

Encrypted: One may also not do this in secret and just wait at the border of a war area to hire common workers to bring over fleeing refugees, but in secret one may employ secret watchmen and bring over fleeing refugees with one’s own trusted helpers.

Official: One may also not do this after nightfall and wait at the border of a Sabbath area to hire workers to bring in the produce, but after nightfall one may guard it and bring in the produce with one’s own hands.

[One may also] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may also] not

[do this in] secret
מ־ m-: of; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
מחשיכין mḥšykyn
מ־ m-: of; חשכה ḥškh: darkness, nightfall
[do this after] nightfall

[and just wait] at
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
[and wait] at

the border [of a war area]
תחום tḥwm: border, limit, territory
התחום htḥwm
תחום tḥwm: border, limit, territory
the border [of a Sabbath area??]

to hire
ל־ l-: to; שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
לשכר lškr
ל־ l-: to; שכר škr: rent, hire, salary
to hire

[common] workers
פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
פועלים pwˁlym
פועל pwˁl: worker, workman, laborer
workers

to bring over
ל־ l-: to; בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
ולהביא wlhbyˀ
ל־ l-: to; בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
to bring in

fleeing [refugees],
פרר prr: flee, put to flight
פרות prwt
פרי pry: fruit, produce
the produce,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[in] secret
מ־ m-: of; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
מחשיך mḥšyk
מ־ m-: of; חשכה ḥškh: darkness, nightfall
[after] nightfall

[one may]
הוא hwˀ: he
הוא hwˀ
הוא hwˀ: he
[one may]

[employ secret] watchmen [?]
ל־ l-: to; שומר šwmr: guard, watchman
לשמר lšmr
ל־ l-: to; שמר šmr: guard, watch
guard [it]

and bring over
בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
ומביא wmbyˀ
בוא bwˀ: bring in, carry
and bring in

fleeing [refugees]
פרר prr: flee, put to flight
פרות prwt
פרי pry: fruit, produce
the produce

with [one’s own trusted] helpers.
ב־ b-: with; אידא ˀydˀ: hand, help, aid
בידו bydw
ב־ b-: with; יד yd: hand
with [one’s own] hands.

Shabbat 23:3.a

Shabbat 23:3.b

Encrypted: Generally though, says Abba Saul, all things that I am clearly with speech allowed to say, I may also wait for secrecy for it.

Official: Generally though, says Abba Saul, all things that I am clearly with speech allowed to say, I may also wait for nightfall for it.

Generally [though],
כלל kll: all, general
כלל kll
כלל kll: all, general
Generally [though],

says
אמר ˀmr: say
אמר ˀmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says

Abba
אבא ˀbˀ: Abba
אבא ˀbˀ
אבא ˀbˀ: Abba
Abba

Saul,
שאול šˀwl: Saul
שאול šˀwl
שאול šˀwl: Saul
Saul,

all [things]
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all [things]

that I [am]
ש־ š-: that; אני ˀny: I, me
שאני šˀny
ש־ š-: that; אני ˀny: I, me
that I [am]

clearly
זכי zky: clear, correct, innocent
זכאי zkˀy
זכי zky: clear, correct, innocent
clearly

with speech
ב־ b-: with, in; אמר ˀmr: say, word, speech
באמירתו bˀmyrtw
ב־ b-: with, in; אמר ˀmr: say, word, speech
with speech

allowed [to say],
רשאי ršˀy: permitted, allowed
רשאי ršˀy
רשאי ršˀy: permitted, allowed
allowed [to say],

I [may also]
אני ˀny: I, me
אני ˀny
אני ˀny: I, me
I [may also]

[wait] for secrecy
ל־ l-: to; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
להחשיך lhḥšyk
ל־ l-: to; חשכה ḥškh: darkness, nightfall
[wait] for nightfall

for it.
על ˁl: on, about, for; ־ו -w: him, it
עליו ˁlyw
על ˁl: on, about, for; ־ו -w: him, it
for it.

Shabbat 23:3.b

Veiled nobles may not mingle or hide with other people.

Shabbat 23:4.a

Encrypted: One may wait in secrecy at the border of a war area to see to the business of a veiled attack or to the business of a real attack, such as to bring for it the attackers and cloaking.

Official: One may wait for nightfall at the border of a Sabbath area to see to the affairs of a bride or to the affairs of a dead person, such as to bring for him a coffin and shrouds.

[One may wait in] secrecy
מ־ m-: of; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
מחשיכין mḥšykyn
מ־ m-: of; חשכה ḥškh: darkness, nightfall
[One may wait for] nightfall

at
על ˁl: on, about, for
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, about, for
at

the border [of a war area]
תחום tḥwm: border, limit, territory
התחום htḥwm
תחום tḥwm: border, limit, territory
the border [of a Sabbath area??]

to see
ל־ l-: to; פקח pqḥ: seeing, hearing
לפקח lpqḥ
ל־ l-: to; פקח pqḥ: seeing, hearing
to see

to
על ˁl: on, about, for
על ˁl
על ˁl: on, about, for
to

the business
עסק ˁsq: affair, matter, business
עסקי ˁsqy
עסק ˁsq: affair, matter, business
the affairs

of a veiled [attack???]
כלה klh: curtain, veil
כלה klh
כלה klh: bride; כלל kll: wedded
of a bride

or to
על ˁl: on, about
ועל wˁl
על ˁl: on, about
or to

the business
עסק ˁsq: affair, matter, business
עסקי ˁsqy
עסק ˁsq: affair, matter, business
the affairs

of a real [attack???],
אמתי ˀmty: true, real, genuine, authentic
המת hmt
מת mt: dead
of a dead [person],

[such as] to bring
ל־ l-: to; בוא bwˀ: bring in
להביא lhbyˀ
ל־ l-: to; בוא bwˀ: bring in
[such as] to bring

for it
ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
לו lw
ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
for him

the attackers [???]
אירעון ˀyrˁwn: event, meeting; אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, attack, confrontation; ־ין -yn: (plural)
ארון ˀrwn
ארון ˀrwn: chest, box, coffin
a coffin

and cloaking [?].
תכריך tkryk: robe, cloak, shroud
ותכריכין wtkrykyn
תכריך tkryk: robe, cloak, shroud
and shrouds.

Shabbat 23:4.a

Shabbat 23:4.b

Encrypted: If any common people are brought for the fooling in war, then may not assemble with them the veiled nobles, only if so they are brought from a place nearby.

Official: If gentiles bring flutes on Sabbath, then may still not mourn with them the Israelites, only if so they brought them from a place nearby.

[If any common] people
גוי gwy: crowd, people
גוי gwy
גוי gwy: nation, people, gentile
[If] gentiles

are brought [??]
ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: bring, carry
שהביא šhbyˀ
ש־ š-: who; בוא bwˀ: bring, carry
bring

[for] the fooling [??]
הלל hll: deride, foolish, turned into a fool
חלילין ḥlylyn
חליל ḥlyl: flute, pipe
flutes

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

[then may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[then may still] not

assemble
זבד zbd: assemble, assembly
יספד yspd
ספד spd: mourn
mourn

with them
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
בהן bhn
ב־ b-: with; הן hn: they
with them

the veiled nobles [??],
שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
the Israelites,

only
אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
only

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

so
כן kn: so, thus
כן kn
כן kn: so, thus
so

[they] are brought
בוא bwˀ: bring, carry
באו bˀw
בוא bwˀ: bring, carry
[they] brought [them]

from a place
מ־ m-: from; מקום mqwm: place
ממקום mmqwm
מ־ m-: from; מקום mqwm: place
from a place

nearby.
קרב qrb: near
קרוב qrwb
קרב qrb: near
nearby.

Shabbat 23:4.b

Shabbat 23:4.c

Encrypted: If one makes for a non-noble an attack and spies out for him a hiding place, one may then hide in it a veiled noble. But if it was done for the sake of the veiled noble, he may never be hidden in it, forever.

Official: If one makes for a non-Israelite dead a coffin and digs for him a grave, one may then also bury in it an Israelite. But if it was done for the sake of the Israelite, he may never be buried in it, forever.

[If one] makes
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עשו ˁšw
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[If one] makes

for [a non-noble??]
ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
לו lw
ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
for [a non-Israelite dead??]

an attack [???]
אורע ˀwrˁ: meeting, attack, confrontation; ־ן -n: (suffix)
ארון ˀrwn
ארון ˀrwn: chest, box, coffin
a coffin

and spies out
חפר ḥpr: open, spy out, espy
וחפרו wḥprw
חפר ḥpr: dig, pit
and digs

for him
ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
לו lw
ל־ l-: for; ־ו -w: him
for him

a hiding [place?],
קבר qbr: hide
קבר qbr
קבר qbr: bury, grave
a grave,

[one may then] hide
קבר qbr: hide something
יקבר yqbr
קבר qbr: bury, grave
[one may then also] bury

in it
ב־ b-: in, with; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: in, with; ־ו -w: him, it
in it

a veiled noble [??].
שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
an Israelite.

But if
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
But if

[it was done] for the sake
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
[it was done] for the sake

of the veiled noble [??],
שר šr: nobleman, ruler; רעל rˁl: veil
ישראל yšrˀl
ישראל yšrˀl: Israel
of the Israelite,

[he may] never
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[he may] never

be hidden
קבר qbr: hide something
יקבר yqbr
קבר qbr: bury, grave
be buried

in it,
ב־ b-: in; ־ו -w: him, it
בו bw
ב־ b-: in; ־ו -w: him, it
in it,

forever.
עולם ˁwlm: forever, always
עולמית ˁwlmyt
עולם ˁwlm: forever, always
forever.

Shabbat 23:4.c

Starting & stopping attacks

Real attacks may not be started & stopped directly when it contradicts the official war.

Shabbat 23:5.a

Encrypted: One may do all that is required for a real attack, one may arrange and push through with it, on the condition that one does not stir up with it the suspicion of outsiders.

Official: One may do all that is required for a dead person, one may anoint and cleanse him, on the condition that one does not move with that any limbs.

[One may] do
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
עושין ˁwšyn
עשה ˁšh: do, make, act
[One may] do

all
כל kl: all
כל kl
כל kl: all
all

that is required
צרך ṣrk: need, require
צרכי ṣrky
צרך ṣrk: need, require
that is required

[for] a real [attack???],
אמתי ˀmty: true, real, genuine, authentic
המת hmt
מת mt: dead
[for] a dead [person],

[one may] arrange
סכן skn: arrange, manage, prepared
סכין skyn
סוך swk: pour, anoint; ־ן -n: (suffix)
[one may] anoint

and push through [??]
מ־ m-: of; דחה dḥh: push, thrust
ומדיחין wmdyḥyn
מ־ m-: of; דוח dwḥ: rinse, cleanse
and cleanse

[with] it,
אות ˀwt: this one
אותו ˀwtw
אות ˀwt: this one
him,

on the condition
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
ובלבד wblbd
בלבד blbd: on the condition that
on the condition

that [one does] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
that [one does] not

stir up
זוזי zwzy: stirred up; זעזע zˁzˁ: agitate
יזיזו yzyzw
זוז zwz: shake, move
move

with it
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him
בו bw
ב־ b-: with; ־ו -w: him
with that

[the suspicion?] of outsiders.
ברא brˀ: outside, external thing
אבר ˀbr
אבר ˀbr: limb
[any] limbs.

Shabbat 23:5.a

Shabbat 23:5.b

Encrypted: One may draw away their fortresses from under them, but must still put it on actual soldiers for slowing down the predetermined victory.

Official: One may loosen a pillow from under him, and put him on cold sand for slowing down the decay.

[One may] draw away
שמט šmṭ: let drop, draw away
שומטין šwmṭyn
שמט šmṭ: loosen, detach
[One may] loosen

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[their] fortresses [??]
אקרא ˀqrˀ: citadel, fort, fortress
הכר hkr
כר kr: pillow
a pillow

from under [them],
מ־ m-: of; תחת tḥt: instead of; ־ו -w: him
מתחתיו mtḥtyw
מ־ m-: from; תחת tḥt: under; ־ו -w: him
from under him,

but [must still] put
מ־ m-: of; נטל nṭl: take, move, put
ומטילין wmṭylyn
מ־ m-: of; נטל nṭl: take, move, put
and put

it
אות ˀwt: this one
אותו ˀwtw
אות ˀwt: this one
him

on
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

[actual] soldiers
חיל ḥyl: soldier, force, army
החל hḥl
חל ḥl: sand
[cold?] sand

for
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
בשביל bšbyl
בשביל bšbyl: for the sake of
for

slowing down [the predetermined victory??].
ש־ š-: that; מתן mtn: slow down
שימתין šymtyn
ש־ š-: that; מתן mtn: slow down
slowing down [the decay].

Shabbat 23:5.b

Shabbat 23:5.c

Encrypted: One may also tie up the army, but one may not take it away, but only tie it up so that it does not continue to advance.

Official: One may also tie up the jaws of a corpse, but one may not raise it, but only tie it so that it does not continue to open.

[One may also] tie up
קשר qšr: bind, tie
קושרים qwšrym
קשר qšr: bind, tie
[One may also] tie up

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the army [???],
חיל ḥyl: soldier, force, army
הלחי hlḥy
לחי lḥy: jaw, cheek
the jaws [of a corpse],

[but one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[but one may] not

take [it] away,
ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: lift, take away
שיעלה šyˁlh
ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: raise, rise
raise [it],

but only
אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
but only

[tie it up so] that [it does] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
[tie it so] that [it does] not

continue [to advance??].
יסף ysp: add, continue
יוסיף ywsyp
יסף ysp: add, continue
continue [to open??].

Shabbat 23:5.c

Shabbat 23:5.d

Encrypted: Thus, if there is an encounter that is to be broken up, one may support that with agents or with noblemen of lower rank, but one may not take it away, but only tie it up so that it does not continue to advance.

Official: Thus, if there is a beam that is broken, one may support it with a bench or with a long board of a bed, but one may not raise it, but only support it so that it does not continue to open.

Thus,
כן kn: so, thus
וכן wkn
כן kn: so, thus
Thus,

[if there is] an encounter
קרה qrh: meet, encounter, occur, happen
קורה qwrh
קורה qwrh: beam; קרה qrh: lay beams
[if there is] a beam

that is [to be?] broken up,
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שבר šbr: break
שנשברה šnšbrh
ש־ š-: that; נ־ n-: make; שבר šbr: break
that is broken,

[one may] support
סמך smk: prop up, support
סומכין swmkyn
סמך smk: prop up, support
[one may] support

that
אות ˀwt: this one
אותה ˀwth
אות ˀwt: this one
it

with agents
ב־ b-: with; ספסר spsr: middleman, agent
בספסל bspsl
ב־ b-: with; ספסל spsl: bench, stool
with a bench

or
או ˀw: or
או ˀw
או ˀw: or
or

with noblemen
ב־ b-: with; ריכא rykˀ: nobleman
בארכות bˀrkwt
ב־ b-: with; ארך ˀrk: long, tall
with a long [board]

of lower [rank],
מטה mṭh: downward, below
המטה hmṭh
מטה mṭh: couch, bed
of a bed,

[but one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[but one may] not

take [it] away,
ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: lift, take away
שתעלה štˁlh
ש־ š-: make; עלה ˁlh: rise, raise
raise [it],

but only
אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
אלא ˀlˀ
אלא ˀlˀ: but, only
but only

[tie it up so] that [it does] not
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
שלא šlˀ
ש־ š-: that; לא lˀ: not
[support it so] that [it does] not

continue [to advance??].
יסף ysp: add, continue
תוסיף twsyp
יסף ysp: add, continue
continue [to open??].

Shabbat 23:5.d

Breaking off a real attack is like spilling the truth about the whole disguise.

Shabbat 23:5.e

Encrypted: One can not openly preclude a real attack in war, and not even in common times when it is coming out by itself.

Official: One may not close the eyes of a dead person on Sabbath, and not even on a regular weekday while is coming out the departing soul.

[One can?] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

[openly] preclude
מ־ m-: of; עמץ ˁmṣ: exclude, preclude
מעמצין mˁmṣyn
מ־ m-: of; עמץ ˁmṣ: press, closed
close [the eyes?]

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a real [attack??]
אמתי ˀmty: true, real, genuine, authentic
המת hmt
מת mt: dead
of a dead [person]

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

and not [even]
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not [even]

in common [times]
ב־ b-: on; חול ḥwl: profane, common, week-day
בחל bḥl
ב־ b-: on; חול ḥwl: profane, common, week-day
on a [regular] weekday

when
עם ˁm: with, while
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, while
while

[it] is coming out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יציאת yṣyˀt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
is coming out

[by] itself.
נפש npš: person, self
נפש npš
נפש npš: spirit, soul
the [departing] soul.

Shabbat 23:5.e

Shabbat 23:5.f

Encrypted: If one openly precludes it when it is coming out by itself, a case like this is like spilling the truth about all the disguises.

Official: If one closes the eyes while still is coming out the departing soul, a case of treating dying persons like this is like spilling the blood of the still living.

[If one openly] precludes [it]
מ־ m-: of; עמץ ˁmṣ: exclude, preclude
והמעמץ whmˁmṣ
מ־ m-: of; עמץ ˁmṣ: press, closed
[If one] closes [the eyes?]

when
עם ˁm: with, while
עם ˁm
עם ˁm: with, while
while

[it] is coming out
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
יציאת yṣyˀt
יצא yṣˀ: go out, come out
[still] is coming out

[by] itself,
נפש npš: person, self
נפש npš
נפש npš: spirit, soul
the [departing] soul,

a case
הרי hry: aspect, case
הרי hry
הרי hry: aspect, case
a case

[like] this
זה zh: this
זה zh
זה zh: this
[of treating dying persons like] this

[is like] spilling
שפך špk: pour out, spill, empty
שופך šwpk
שפך špk: pour out, spill, empty
[is like] spilling

[the truth about all] the disguises.
דמא dmˀ: resemble, disguise
דמים dmym
דמא dmˀ: blood
the blood [of the still living??].

Shabbat 23:5.f

Killing one’s own troops & agents

If a noble looses his disguise, he must flee and arrange for all witnesses to die in war.

Shabbat 24:1.a

Encrypted: If someone is in secrecy in a fighting zone, and accidentally gives away his cover to an outsider, then when there is not near him any outsider, he must place it on an expendable substitute, and as soon as he reaches of his private property the outer part, he must remove all the human tools that can be removed in war and who saw it.

Official: If someone is at nightfall on the road, and gives his money bag to a stranger, or if there is not near him any stranger, he must place it on his donkey, and as soon as he reaches of his private property the outer part, he must move the vessels that may be moved on Sabbath.

[If] someone
מי my: someone
מי my
מי my: someone
[If] someone

[is in] secrecy
ש־ š-: that; חשך ḥšk: obscurity, secret place
שהחשיך šhḥšyk
ש־ š-: that; חשך ḥšk: darkness, nightfall
[is at] nightfall

in a fighting [zone?],
ב־ b-: in; טרק ṭrq: strike, fight
בדרך bdrk
ב־ b-: on; דרך drk: way, road
on the road,

and [accidentally] gives [away]
נתן ntn: give
נותן nwtn
נתן ntn: give
and gives

his cover
כסי ksy: conceal, cover
כיסו kysw
כיס kys: money bag, purse
his money bag

to an outsider,
ל־ l-: to; נוכריא nwkryˀ: outsider
לנכרי lnkry
ל־ l-: to; נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
to a stranger,

then when
אם ˀm: if, when
ואם wˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
or if

[there is] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[there is] not

near him
עם ˁm: with, near
עמו ˁmw
עם ˁm: with, near
near him

[any] outsider,
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
נכרי nkry
נכר nkr: unknown, stranger
[any] stranger,

he [must] place [it]
מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: put down, place down
מניחו mnyḥw
מ־ m-: of; נוח nwḥ: put down, place down
he [must] place [it]

on
על ˁl: on
על ˁl
על ˁl: on
on

an [expendable] substitute,
המר hmr: substitute; מור / הומר mwr / hwmr: exchange
החמור hḥmwr
חמור ḥmwr: donkey
his donkey,

[and as soon as] he reaches
נגע ngˁ: reach, touch
הגיע hgyˁ
נגע ngˁ: reach, touch
[and as soon as] he reaches

of his private property
ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
לחצר lḥṣr
ל־ l-: to; חצר ḥṣr: court, yard, private property
of his private property

the outer [part],
חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
החיצונה hḥyṣwnh
חיצון ḥyṣwn: outer, external
the outer [part],

[he must] remove
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נוטל nwṭl
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[he must] move

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[all] the [human] tools
כלי kly: vessel, object, tool
הכלים hklym
כלי kly: object, vessel
the vessels

[that can] be removed
נטל nṭl: move, remove
הנטלין hnṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
[that may] be moved

in war [and who saw it??].
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath.

Shabbat 24:1.a

Shabbat 24:1.b

Encrypted: As for those that can not be officially removed in war, he may drop injuries on them and injure them so they will fall by themselves.

Official: As for those that may not be moved on Sabbath, he may loosen the ropes and touch them so the vessels will fall down by themselves.

[As for those] that [can] not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
ושאינן wšˀynn
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
[As for those] that [may] not

be [officially] removed
נטל nṭl: move, remove
נטלין nṭlyn
נטל nṭl: move, remove
be moved

in war,
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath,

[he may] drop
נתר ntr: make drop, let fall
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: loosen, free
[he may] loosen

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

injuries [on them?]
חבל ḥbl: wound, damage, injury
החבלים hḥblym
חבל ḥbl: rope, cord
the ropes

and injure [them]
נזק nzq: damage, harm, injure
והשקין whšqyn
נשק nšq: touch closely, touch gently
and touch [them]

[so they will] fall
נפל npl: fall
נופלין nwplyn
נפל npl: fall
[so the vessels will] fall down

by themselves.
מאליו mˀlyw: by himself; הם hm: they
מאליהם mˀlyhm
מאליו mˀlyw: by himself; הם hm: they
by themselves.

Shabbat 24:1.b

Shabbat 24:2.a

Encrypted: One may loosen the restraint of destroying one’s own troops before of the human cattle watching, and weaken the forces by killing individuals, but not those made up entirely of helpers.

Official: One may loosen bundles of sheaves before cattle, and separate the bundles, but not the small bundles.

[One may] loosen
נתר ntr: loosen, free
מתירין mtyryn
נתר ntr: loosen, free
[One may] loosen

the restraint [??]
אפק ˀpq: restrain
פקיעי pqyˁy
פקיע pqyˁ: bundle, bunch
bundles [??]

of destroying [one’s own troops??]
מארה mˀrh: evil, destruction
עמיר ˁmyr
עמיר ˁmyr: ear of grain, sheaves
of sheaves [??]

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

of the [human] cattle [watching?],
בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
cattle,

[and] weaken [??]
מ־ m-: of; פסס pss: break, weaken
ומפספסים wmpspsym
מ־ m-: of; פספס psps: separate, part
[and] separate

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

the forces [by killing individuals??],
כפי kpy: press, force
הכפין hkpyn
כיף kyp: bundle, sheaf
the bundles [??],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[those made up entirely] of helpers [??].
עזר ˁzr: help, assist, aid
הזרין hzryn
זיר zyr: small bundle, bunch
the small bundles [??].

Shabbat 24:2.a

Shabbat 24:2.b

Encrypted: However, one may not lightly try to crush hardened troops, not real killers and not real warriors, before any human cattle watching, whether small human cattle or large human cattle. Lord Yehudah permits it with warriors before small human cattle.

Official: One may not crush things, not green fodder and not carobs, before cattle, whether small cattle or large cattle. Rabbi Yehudah permits it with carobs before small cattle.

[However, one may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

[lightly try to?] crush [hardened troops??],
מ־ m-: of; רסק rsq: crush
מרסקין mrsqyn
מ־ m-: of; רסק rsq: crush
crush [things],

not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
not

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[real] killers [??]
שחט šḥṭ: kill, slaughter
השחת hšḥt
שחת šḥt: green fodder
green fodder

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[real] warriors,
חרב ḥrb: sword, war; קרב qrb: soldier
החרובין hḥrwbyn
חרב ḥrb: carob
carobs,

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

[any human] cattle [watching?],
בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
בהמה bhmh
בהמה bhmh: cattle, beast
cattle,

whether
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
whether

small [human cattle]
דק dq: thin, small, fine
דקה dqh
דק dq: thin, small, fine
small [cattle]

or
בין byn: whether
בין byn
בין byn: whether
or

large [human cattle].
גס gs: huge, large
גסה gsh
גס gs: huge, large
large [cattle].

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

permits [it]
נתר ntr: permit, free
מתיר mtyr
נתר ntr: permit, free
permits [it]

with warriors
ב־ b-: with; חרב ḥrb: sword, war; קרב qrb: soldier
בחרובין bḥrwbyn
ב־ b-: with; חרב ḥrb: carob
with carobs

[before] small [human cattle].
ל־ l-: to; דק dq: thin, small, fine
לדקה ldqh
ל־ l-: to; דק dq: thin, small, fine
[before] small [cattle].

Shabbat 24:2.b

Witnesses among one’s own troops may not be killed directly, only covertly.

Shabbat 24:3.a

Encrypted: One may not directly hurt a person to be dealt with, and not just trample him, but one may do it secretly. One may not directly hurt a person that is to disappear, but one may do it covertly. One may only have them be seized by well-trained soldiers.

Official: One may not fatten a camel, and not press it to feed, but one may make it swallow. One may not fatten a calf, but one may make it swallow. One may give food to pick to the chickens.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
אין ˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

[directly?] hurt
באש bˀš: do evil; באשא bˀšˀ: hurt, do harm or injury to
אובסין ˀwbsyn
אבס ˀbs: feed, fattened
fatten

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a [person] to be dealt with,
גמל gml: deal with, make even, repay
הגמל hgml
גמל gml: camel
a camel,

and not
לא lˀ: not
ולא wlˀ
לא lˀ: not
and not

[just] trample [him],
דרס drs: trample
דורסין dwrsyn
דרס drs: tread, press
press [it to feed],

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may do it] secretly [??].
מ־ m-: of; לוט lwṭ: cover, wrap up, envelop; לט lṭ: secrecy
מלעיטין mlˁyṭyn
מ־ m-: of; לעט lˁṭ: to swallow, stuffed
[one may make it] swallow.

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

[directly?] hurt
ממרע mmrˁ: injure, wound, hurt
ממרים mmrym
מ־ m-: of; מרי mry: fatten, stuff
fatten

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[a person that is?] to disappear,
גלא glˀ: disappear, banish, exiles
העגלים hˁglym
עגל ˁgl: calf
a calf,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may do it] covertly [???].
מ־ m-: of; לוט lwṭ: cover, wrap up, envelop
מלעיטין mlˁyṭyn
מ־ m-: of; לעט lˁṭ: to swallow, stuffed
[one may make it] swallow.

[One may only have them?] be seized
מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: seize, collect, gather
ומהלקטין wmhlqṭyn
מ־ m-: of; לקט lqṭ: pick, cause picking
[One may give food to] pick

[by] well-trained [soldiers???].
ל־ l-: of, belonging to; תרגל trgl: drill, train, well-trained
לתרנגולין ltrngwlyn
ל־ l-: to; תרנגול trngwl: cock, hen
to the chickens.

Shabbat 24:3.a

A noble may mark his secret agents for death in war, but may not uncover them.

Shabbat 24:3.b

Encrypted: One may appoint insider people to be crushed, but one may not uncover them. One may not put such people before governors or before leaders that are still attached, but one may put them before insolent leaders and those in training, and before leaders that are banished.

Official: One may put water into the crushed grain, but one may not knead it. One may not put water before bees, or before doves that are in a dove-cote, but one may put it before geese and chickens, and before doves of the hardisian species.

[One may] appoint
נתן ntn: appoint
ונותנין wnwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
[One may] put

[insider?] people
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water

to be crushed [?],
ל־ l-: to; מרס mrs: press, crush, batter, bruise, stir; ־ן -n: (suffix)
למרסן lmrsn
ל־ l-: to; מרסן mrsn: crushed grain, coarse bran
into the crushed grain,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[one may] not

uncover [them].
קפל qpl: roll up, uncover, stripping off
גובלים gwblym
גבל gbl: knead, mix
knead [it].

[One may] not
אין ˀyn: no, not
ואין wˀyn
אין ˀyn: no, not
[One may] not

put
נתן ntn: put, place
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
put

[such] people
עמים ˁmym: people
מים mym
מים mym: water
water

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

governors
דברא dbrˀ: leader, guide; דבר dbr: govern people
דבורים dbwrym
דברא dbrˀ: bees
bees,

or before
לפני lpny: before
ולפני wlpny
לפני lpny: before
or before

leaders
נחה / ינחה nḥh / ynḥh: lead, guide
יונים ywnym
יונה ywnh: dove
doves

[that are still] attached,
ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; סבך sbk: attach, adhere
שבשבך šbšbk
ש־ š-: that; ב־ b-: in; שובך šwbk: dove-cote
that [are] in a dove-cote,

but
אבל ˀbl: but
אבל ˀbl
אבל ˀbl: but
but

[one may] put [them]
נתן ntn: put, place
נותנין nwtnyn
נתן ntn: put, place
[one may] put [it]

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

insolent [leaders?]
עזז ˁzz: insolent, daring, defiant
אוזים ˀwzym
אוז ˀwz: duck, goose
geese

and [those] in training,
תרגול trgwl: training, drill, rehearsal
ותרנגולים wtrngwlym
תרנגול trngwl: cock, hen
and chickens,

and before
לפני lpny: before
ולפני wlpny
לפני lpny: before
and before

leaders
נחה / ינחה nḥh / ynḥh: lead, guide
יוני ywny
יונה ywnh: dove
doves

that are banished.
ה־ h-: make; רטש rṭš: abandon, drive out, banish, deserted
הרדסיות hrdsywt
הרדסיאות hrdsyˀwt: species of doves
[of the] hardisian [species???].

Shabbat 24:3.b

Shabbat 24:4.a

Encrypted: One may cut off an attendant before the human cattle, and also throw a disgraced person before the human dogs.

Official: One may cut pumpkins before the cattle, and also cut up a decayed animal before the dogs.

[One may] cut off
חתך ḥtk: decide, cut into pieces
מחתכין mḥtkyn
חתך ḥtk: cut, sever
[One may] cut

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

an attendant [??]
דייל dyyl: attendant, serving person, constable
הדלועין hdlwˁyn
דלעת / דלוע dlˁt / dlwˁ: gourd, pumpkin
pumpkins

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

the [human] cattle,
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
הבהמה hbhmh
בהמה bhmh: animal, cattle
the cattle,

and
את ˀt: to
ואת wˀt
את ˀt: to
and

[also throw] a disgraced [person]
נבל nbl: ignoble, disgraceful person
הנבלה hnblh
נבל nbl: to fade, shrivel, decay
[also cut up] a decayed [animal]

before
לפני lpny: before
לפני lpny
לפני lpny: before
before

the [human] dogs.
כלב klb: dog
הכלבים hklbym
כלב klb: dog
the dogs.

Shabbat 24:4.a

Shabbat 24:4.b

Encrypted: Lord Yehudah says: If it was not that he was already disgraced at the eve of war, it is forbidden because it was not from before prepared.

Official: Rabbi Yehudah says: If it was not that it was already decayed at the eve of Sabbath, it is forbidden because it was not from before prepared.

Lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
Rabbi

Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
יהודה yhwdh
יהודה yhwdh: Yehudah
Yehudah

says:
אמר ˀmr: say
אומר ˀwmr
אמר ˀmr: say
says:

If
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
If

[it was] not
לא lˀ: not
לא lˀ
לא lˀ: not
[it was] not

[that he] was [already]
היה hyh: be
היתה hyth
היה hyh: be
[that it] was [already]

disgraced
נבל nbl: ignoble, disgraceful person
נבלה nblh
נבל nbl: to fade, shrivel, decay
decayed

at the eve
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
מערב mˁrb
מ־ m-: from, at; ערב ˁrb: evening, eve
at the eve

of war,
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
שבת šbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
of Sabbath,

[it] is forbidden
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
אסורה ˀswrh
אסור ˀswr: forbidden
[it] is forbidden

because
לפי lpy: because, according to
לפי lpy
לפי lpy: because, according to
because

[it was] not
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
שאינה šˀynh
ש־ š-: that; אין ˀyn: no, not
[it was] not

from [before]
מן mn: from
מן mn
מן mn: from
from [before]

prepared.
מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
המוכן hmwkn
מוכן mwkn: prepared, ready
prepared.

Shabbat 24:4.b

Shabbat 24:5.a

Encrypted: One may even destroy secret watchmen in war and may ask the agent leaders that they perform the required actions for destroying them in war.

Official: One may even cancel a vow on Sabbath and may ask the spiritual leaders that they perform the required rites for dissolving it on Sabbath.

[One may even] destroy
מ־ m-: of; פרר prr: break, shatter, destroy
מפירין mpyryn
מ־ m-: of; פרר prr: annul a vow
[One may even] cancel

[secret] watchmen
נטר nṭr: watch, observe, guard, guardian
נדרים ndrym
נדר ndr: vow
a vow

in war
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
on Sabbath

and [may] ask
נ־ n-: make; שאל šˀl: ask, request
ונשאלין wnšˀlyn
נ־ n-: make; שאל šˀl: ask, request
and [may] ask

the [agent?] leaders
ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: leader, guide
לדברים ldbrym
ל־ l-: to; דבר dbr: leader, guide
the [spiritual?] leaders

that they
ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
שהן šhn
ש־ š-: that; הן hn: they
that they

[perform] the required [actions]
ל־ l-: to; צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
לצרך lṣrk
ל־ l-: to; צרך ṣrk: need, requirement
[perform] the required [rites?]

[for destroying them in?] war.
צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
השבת hšbt
שבת šbt: Sabbath
[for dissolving it on?] Sabbath.

Shabbat 24:5.a

Nobles may weed out leaks among their agents in war, even during battles.

Shabbat 24:5.b

Encrypted: One may stop up an opening leak, and weed out undercover agents and also gatherings of agents.

Official: One may stop up a window, and measure a patch and also a water reservoir for the Sabbath rituals.

[One may] stop up
פקק pqq: stop up
פוקקין pwqqyn
פקק pqq: stop up
[One may] stop up

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

an opening [leak?],
מאור mˀwr: light, opening, window
המאור hmˀwr
מאור mˀwr: light, opening, window
a window,

and weed out [??]
מ־ m-: of; עדד ˁdd: weeding, prune, eradication
ומודדין wmwddyn
מדד mdd: stretch, measure
and measure

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

[under]cover [agents?]
מ־ m-: of; טלל ṭll: cover, screen; ־ת -t: (suffix)
המטלית hmṭlyt
מ־ m-: of; טלאי ṭlˀy: patch, piece of cloth
a patch

and also
את ˀt: to
ואת wˀt
את ˀt: to
and also

gatherings [of agents?].
מ־ m-: of; קוה qwh: collect, gather
המקוה hmqwh
מקוה mqwh: collection of water, reservoir
a water reservoir [for the Sabbath rituals].

Shabbat 24:5.b

Shabbat 24:5.c

Encrypted: There was an incident in the time of the father of lord Zadok and in the time of nobleman Saul Ben Batnit, where they stopped up an opening leak even in a military strike, and tied up a perforation with a pruning of agents, to know if there was among the upper leaders an opening leak spreading or if not.

Official: There was an incident in the time of the father of rabbi Zadok and in the time of father Saul Ben Batnit, where they stopped up a window with a pitcher, and tied a bowl with reed-grass, to know if there was in the roof an opening of a hand-breadth or if not.

[There was] an incident
מעשה mˁšh: action, happening, incident
ומעשה wmˁšh
מעשה mˁšh: action, happening, incident
[There was] an incident

in the time
ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: day, time
בימי bymy
ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: day, time
in the time

of the father
אב ˀb: father
אביו ˀbyw
אב ˀb: father
of the father

of
של šl: of, belonging to
של šl
של šl: of, belonging to
of

lord
רב rb: noble, lord, master
רבי rby
רבי rby: rabbi
rabbi

Zadok
צדוק ṣdwq: Zadok
צדוק ṣdwq
צדוק ṣdwq: Zadok
Zadok

and in the time
ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: day, time
ובימי wbymy
ב־ b-: in; יום ywm: day, time
and in the time

of nobleman
אב ˀb: chief; אבי ˀby: noble, toparch, patrician
אבא ˀbˀ
אב ˀb: father
of father

Saul
שאול šˀwl: Saul
שאול šˀwl
שאול šˀwl: Saul
Saul

Ben
בן bn: son
בן bn
בן bn: son
Ben

Batnit,
בטנית bṭnyt: Batnit
בטנית bṭnyt
בטנית bṭnyt: Batnit
Batnit,

where [they] stopped up
ש־ š-: that; פקק pqq: stop up
שפקקו špqqw
ש־ š-: that; פקק pqq: stop up
where [they] stopped up

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

an opening [leak]
מאור mˀwr: light, opening, window
המאור hmˀwr
מאור mˀwr: light, opening, window
a window

[even] in a [military] strike,
ב־ b-: in; טפח ṭpḥ: slap, strike
בטפיח bṭpyḥ
ב־ b-: with; טפיח ṭpyḥ: pitcher
with a pitcher,

and tied up
קשר qšr: bind, tie
וקשרו wqšrw
קשר qšr: bind, tie
and tied

 
את ˀt: to
את ˀt
את ˀt: to
 

a perforation
מ־ m-: of; קדח qdḥ: bore, pierce, perforate
המקדה hmqdh
מקדה mqdh: bowl
a bowl

with a pruning [of agents?],
ב־ b-: with; גמם gmm: smite, raze, reduction, pruning
בגמי bgmy
ב־ b-: with; גמי gmy: reed-grass
with reed-grass,

to know
ל־ l-: to; ידע ydˁ: know
לידע lydˁ
ל־ l-: to; ידע ydˁ: know
to know

if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
if

there was
יש yš: there is
יש yš
יש yš: there is
there was

among the upper [leaders?]
ב־ b-: among; גג gg: upper portion, top, apex
בגיגית bgygyt
ב־ b-: in; גג gg: roof
in the roof

an opening [leak]
פתח ptḥ: open, opening
פותח pwtḥ
פתח ptḥ: open, opening
an opening

spreading
טפח ṭpḥ: spread out, extend
טפח ṭpḥ
טפח ṭpḥ: hand-breadth
of a hand-breadth

[or] if
אם ˀm: if, when
אם ˀm
אם ˀm: if, when
[or] if

not.
לאו lˀw: it is not
לאו lˀw
לאו lˀw: it is not
not.

Shabbat 24:5.c

Shabbat 24:5.d

Encrypted: And from their words it is therefore concluded that one may stop up and weed out and tie up leaks even in war.

Official: And from their words it is therefore concluded that one may stop up and measure and tie things even on Sabbath.

And from their words
מ־ m-: from; דבר dbr: word; הן hn: they
ומדבריהן wmdbryhn
מ־ m-: from; דבר dbr: word; הן hn: they
And from their words

[it is] therefore [concluded]
ל־ l-: to; מדין mdyn: therefore, in that case
למדנו lmdnw
ל־ l-: to; מדין mdyn: therefore, in that case
[it is] therefore [concluded]

that [one may] stop up
ש־ š-: that; פקק pqq: stop up
שפוקקין špwqqyn
ש־ š-: that; פקק pqq: stop up
that [one may] stop up

and weed out [??]
מ־ m-: of; עדד ˁdd: weeding, prune, eradication
ומודדין wmwddyn
מדד mdd: stretch, measure
and measure

and tie up [leaks]
קשר qšr: bind, tie
וקושרין wqwšryn
קשר qšr: bind, tie
and tie [things]

[even] in war.
ב־ b-: in; צבאות ṣbˀwt: armies, war, warfare
בשבת bšbt
ב־ b-: on; שבת šbt: Sabbath
[even] on Sabbath.

Shabbat 24:5.d

(This is the end of the Shabbat chapter, it is now fully decrypted.)